    
 


         :   ,    ,            .    ,            . ,    ,    ,          .           .          ,       ,    ,           .

    ,    .



  PDF A4   .





  

    


      ,      



       

 19-818-0649








  , ., 2019

   , 2019







           ,        .    ,      ,         , ,        ,   ,       .          :   ,    ,            .      ,       ,        .           ,    XX  ,   ,          ,    ,               ,      .

,    ,  ,      ,     .       -     ,         ,                -        .    , ,  ,         , ,       .

     .  ,   ,      ,               .            ,       .     ,         ,        .          ,          .

   XX                 ,     . ,      ,      ,   ,    ,    .  ,    ,       ,   . ,         ,          .               .      , ,  ,            .        .  ,              . , ,         ,             ,       (,    ).

  ,       ,       .  1843   ,     ,   (     (De collegiis et sodaliciis Romanorum)[1 - Mommsen T. De collegiis et sodaliciis Romanorum. Kiliae, 1843.]),         .     .    ,   1816      (CIL XIV, 2112).      ,     cultores Dianae et Antinoi.   .        .         ,     II  ..

        XIXXX .         ,       .     (1873)[2 - Conrat M. Zum romischen Vereinsrecht: Abhandlungen aus der Rechtsgeschichte. Berlin, 1873.],   (1890)[3 - Liebenam W Zur Geshichte und Organisation des Romischen Vereinswesens. Leipzig, 1890.],   (1896)[4 - Ziebarth E. Das griechische Vereinswesen. Stuttgart, 1896.],   (1909)[5 - Poland F. Geshichte des griechischen Vereinswesens. Leipzig, 1909.]   ,     ,  ,      ..

  ,         -        .          [6 - Foucart P. Des associations religieuses chez les Grecs  thiases, eranes, orgeones, avec le texte des inscriptions relative a ces associations. Paris, 1873.],   1873 ,    - [7 - Waltzing J.-P. tude historique sur les corporations professionnelles chez les Romains depuis les origines jusqu'? la chute de l'empire d'Occident. 4vols. Bruxels, 18951900.] (18951900).

   XIX                 .

 1880.    [8 - Hatch E. The Organization of the Early Christian Churches: Eight Lectures Delivered Before the University of Oxford, in the Year 1880, 1909.]        8 ,    .    .         .         [9 - Heinrici G. Die christengemeinden Korinths und die religiosen Genossenschaften der Griechen II ZWT. 1876. Vol. 19. SS. 465526; Zum genossenschaftlichen Charakter der paulinischen Christengemeinden II Theologische Studien und Kritiken. 1881. Vol. 54. SS. 505-24.],   ,  . ,                      ,              .

           ,     XIX ,   .            ..        . . [10 - Judge E.A. The Social Identity of the First Christians: A Question of Method in Religious History // JRH. Vol. 11. 2. 1960. P 201217.], . [11 - Meeks W The First Urban Christians. Yale, 1983.], . [12 - Malina B. The Social World of Jesus and the Gospels. London, 1996.]  .           ,   , - ,  , , , .

                [13 - Harland P. Associations, Synagogues, and Congregations: Claiming a Place in Ancient Mediterranean Society. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.],  [14 - Ascough R. What Are They Saying About the Formation of Pauline Churches? New York, 1998; Ascough R. Chaos Theory and Pauls Organizational Leadership Style // Journal of Religious Leadership. 2002. Vol. 1. 2. P.2143; Ascough R. The Thessalonian Christian Community as a Professional Voluntary Association // JBL. 2000. Vol. 119. 2. P.311328; Ascough R. Greco-Roman Philosophic, Religious, and Voluntary Associations // Community Formation in the Early Church and in the Church Today. Peabody, 2002. P.319.]   [15 - Kloppenborg J.S. Collegia and Thiasoi: Issues in Function, Taxonomy and Membership // Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World. Eds. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G. London/New York, 1996. P.1631; Kloppenborg J., Hatch E. Churches and Collegia // Origins and Method. Towards a New Understanding of Judaism and Christianity (JSNT Suppl.86). Sheffield, 1993. P.212238.].        1996       - [16 - Voluntary Associations in the Graeco-Roman World. Eds. J.S. Kloppenborg and S.G. Wilson; London and New York: Routledge, 1996.],    .

.           [17 - Ascough R. What Are They Saying About the Formation of Pauline Churches? New York, 1998.]    ,      ,   .    ,  ,      (voluntary association). ,   ,    ,       ,    [18 - Ascough R. Chaos Theory and Pauls Organizational Leadership Style // Journal of Religious Leadership. 2002. Vol. 1. 2. P.2143; Ascough R. The Thessalonian Christian Community as a Professional Voluntary Association // JBL. 2000. Vol. 119. 2. P.311328; Ascough R. Greco-Roman Philosophic, Religious, and Voluntary Associations // Community Formation in the Early Church and in the Church Today. Peabody, 2002. P.319.].

 .  ,   :       [19 - Harland P. Associations, Synagogues, and Congregations: Claiming a Place in Ancient Mediterranean Society. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.]  .    .     XX   ,   ,              . .              ,   ,         ,        [20 - Ibid. P. 3.].  .                   XIX .  .        .

       ,    ,   ,    ,        .

    XIX         ,   .  1882.        .   39     .       (    )[21 -  ..     (    ). , 1882.]    .    , ..          [22 -  ..      (    ) // . 1882. 1. C. 4561;  ..        // . 1882. 6. .265270.].      ,  ..     18781879. ,           . .

       .. .    ,         .  1885    ,   1890          [23 - Inscriptiones Antiquae Orae Septentrionalis Ponti Euxini Graecae et Latinae. Ed. Latyschev B. Vol. III, IV Petropoli, 18851916.].  ,   .. ,  .    ,                     . ,    ,          ,     .   (tituli conlegiorum)  ,  ,    ,   [24 - Inscriptiones Antiquae Orae Septentrionalis Ponti Euxini Graecae et Latinae. Ed. Latyschev B. Vol. II. P 246287.].     - ,   .. ,    .       (     ,  ..  (. .), .. , .. , .. , .. , .. )   ..   ,      .                1965    [25 -   . .-., 1965.].

 1933     ..      ,    ,     .          [26 -  ..     .   . ., 1990. .104110.].          ,    (CIL XIV, 2112 = ILS 7212; CIL XII, 4393 = ILS 7259; CIL VI, 1872 = ILS 7266).

..              ,    1935.[27 -     .  .    . . 104. .-., 1934. .756.].   ,    ,       .    -  ,    ,   ,          .   .. [28 -  ..  - //   .  V. 1940. .4749.]       ?????????? ???????,     ,     .

..           ,  -   .  ,     -              [29 -  .. . - . -., 1949. . 103.].

 ,          ,      (collegia tenuiorum),     .. [30 -  ..  .  . ,   1986. . 676.    ,     ,        III. ( ..   . 575).].

       .. .      ,    ,         -  [31 -  ..   :           III. // . 1981. 4. C. 3354;  ..    . ., 1985;  ..            (   ) // . 1985. 4. C. 4361.].

 ..      [32 -  ..     . ., 1987.]       .     ..         cultores, sodalicia, convivia  religiosi,    .  ..      , , ,         ,  .

 2002           [33 -       / .. , .. , .. , .. . ., 2002.].          - :  ,  ,   (.. ),   () (.. ),   (.. )    (.. ).

       , ..        ,   1988 [34 -  ..     -  (  ). . . . .:  1988.],        [35 -  ..       // . 1987. 2. .102117.].




 I

   





1.1.  


  .       ,     -: , , ,   ..        .          (collegia, sodalicia, sodales) (Dig., 47, 22).         collegium,       -        corpus, factio, curia, coitio, sodales.  ,       ,           .                   (      terminus technicus).

      -     .        ,  ,  , ,  ,  (.. )[36 -  ..  :  . ., 1989;  ..     (   ). ., 1985;  ..            (   ) // . 1985. 4. C. 4361;  ..   :           III. // . 1981. 4. C. 3354.], (.. )[37 -  ..      . . ., 1986.].     ,      collegia, sodalitas, hetaeria  ..           voluntary association ( )[38 - : Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World.Eds. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G. London/New York, 1996.   voluntary  elective (: Beard M., North J., Price S. Religions of Rome. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, 1998).].

 , ,     ,        .          .         [39 -  : Liu J. Collegia Centonariorum: The Guilds of Textile Dealers in the Roman West. Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition. Vol. 34. Brill, 2009. P. 10.]:

        ( ,          (Dig., 50, 16, 85);

    ,   ;

    ;

       (   ,   ,     ..);

   ,     ,    ;

  ,  ,   (  ), ,  (  ,     ).        (       );

   ;

,  ,     .

    ,       . ,  ,  ,  ???????, ,     ,     (LSJ, s. v. ???????; Polyb., Hist., 5, 93, 8; Cic., Fam., 15, 16, 3).

   ??????  ,   ,  (LSJ, s. v. ??????).                ,       .   ,         ?????, , ??????  ???????,  (. fratres).     ????-??? (OGIS 573),  ,  (???????), . etairia, hetaeria.    ???????  ??????  socii  sodales (sodalitas), , , , .

        . ,         : ????????, ???????, ???????????, ??????? (Cassius Dio, Hist. Rom. LXXV, 4, 6; SEG I, 158).     ???????      collegia (collignium, collecium, colligeus)  corpus, corpora.

            : ????????,  (Cassius Dio, Hist. Rom. LIII, 1, 5; LVIII, 12, 5), ?????? (?????????), ,    - (. consacrani (IPhilippi 8)).    ????????,  ?????,  ,  (LSJ, s. v. ????????; SIG IV, 57).          ??????,  , , . thiasus (LSJ, s. v. ??????; IG II, 986, 1663; II/2, 1177).     cultores (IPhilippi 7).         ,    ,    ,   ,       ..          (????????????, ????-???????, ????????????, Mercuriales  Martenses (CIL IX, 1682 = ILS 6502; CIL IX, 1684 = ILS 6503; CIL IX, 1685 = ILS 6504; CIL IX, 1686, 1687 = ILS 7362; CIL IX, 1707-10).

,         . ,   ()   ???????????,       (IKyme 30 = NewDocs I, 2).           ,            .

           .     ,   -  . ,    ,   ?????, ?????, ????????, ?????????, curia.

          .  ,              ??????.      ,      ,  (LSJ, s. v. ??????).          (IG II/2, 1369; XII/1, 155).    ,   , ,    ,    ,  ?????????, ,  (LSJ, s. v. ?????????)  ?????????,     (LSJ, s. v. ?????????).

       ,    .    ,       .           ,       vicanii.

,        ,     (fabri, centonarii, cisiarii  ..).     ?????.

  .  ,     ,     :                   .            - [40 - Tcherikover V Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews. Philadelphia, 1959. P. 296.].      ,    ,    .         - ,    .      ?   ,          ,    -    .         ,           . ,        : ????? (CIJ II, 738), ????????? (????????) (CJZC 71), ??????, ??????? (Fl. Jos., Ant. Iud., XIV, 235), ?????, ????, corpus[41 -     La Piana G. Foreign Groups in Rome During the First Century of the Empire // HTR. 1927. Vol. 20. P. 329; Levine L. The Ancient Synagogue. The First Thousand Years. Yale, 2005. P.119120.].      ,          (??????????, ???????)[42 -    ???????? '???????  CIG 9909; CIJ I, 291, 510, 535.  .   ,         (  ).          .  ,      ,      (La Piana G. Foreign Groups P. 356).  ,      ???????? '???????   ,      , , .].             [43 - ???????? ???????????    ,  ,       (CIG 9907; CIJ I, 365, 425, 503); ???????? ??? ????????????????     (CIL VI, 29757; CIG 9902; CIJ I, 284, 301, 338, 368, 416, 496);   Volumenses (????????????)   ,      8.  ..,    (CIL VI, 29756; CIJ I, 343, 402, 417, 523).],    ,      ,    ,      , ,   ,  [44 - ?????????     (Campus Martius)  (CIL VI, 29756; CIG 9905); ???????????       Subura, ,     ,    (CIG 6447; CIJ I, 18; 22; 67; 140; 380).].       ,    ,     [45 -   Calcarenses (???????????).       ,   ,         (calcariarii).   , , , ,      (  XI        ,   Calcaria) (CIJ I, 304, 316, 384, 504).].

  ,          .     ,      ,    ,       .

         ????????        .       ,   ,     ???????? (P Enteuxeis, 30, 5; P Tebt., 86, 18; OGIS 726; Fl. Jos., Vita, 277; Fl. Jos., Ant. Iud., XIV, 256258; Juven., Sat., III, 292296).  ????????         (,  () ),       .  -      ,         ,        .          ????????   ,       .

 ,   ,     (IG XII/3, 330; IG 12/3, 329; SIG III, 1106).   ,      -       .    ,    ,               .   :  ,  ????????  ????????       , ,   ????????  c         .



  .  ??????  ??????????.                  .          ,   ,      ,   .

.    [46 - Georgi D. The Early Church: Internal Jewish Migration or New Religion? // HTR. 1995. Vol. 20. 1. P.3568.]    ,    I  .. ,     .           ,     . ,       : ????????, ?????? ,  (. 22, 14; 24, 22, 24, 31; . 13, 20, 22, 27; . 18, 7; . 8, 33; 16, 13; . 3, 12; 2; 1. 2, 10; . 1, 1; 1. 1, 1, 9; . 17, 14); ???????, ,  (. 13, 43; . 5, 19; 1., 3, 12); ??????, ,  (. 11,5; . 6, 20; 7, 22; . 2, 10; . 15, 26); ??????,  (3 . 1,5; 2. 6, 15; ., 17, 14).      ,  ,      ,    ,      .

,   ,     ,           . ,     ???????   ,    (   Fl. Jos., Bell. Jud., II, 8, 1;     Fl. Jos., Contra. Ap., V, 17; 15, 5; 26, 5).            -       .   (   )      (1 . 11, 9; . 24, 5; 28, 22). ,                 (. 5, 20; 2. 2, 1),     ,       . ,        ???????       (Ignat., Trall. 6, 11, lust., Apol., I 26, 8; Dial. 17, 1; 35, 3; 51, 2; 108, 2, Herm., Sim. 9, 23, 5, Iren. Adv. Haer. III, 12, 11).  , ..  ,    , ???????      (Tertull., De praescr 6, 2; 42, 8),                IVV. ..

          ????????. .  ,     -        I  ..,  , ,   [47 - Dunn J. Christianity in the Making: Beginning from Jerusalem. Vol. 2. Grand Rapids, 2008. P. 599.].        .

 ,    ,        -,     .   ????????      QHL, ,  .  LXX       : ????????  ???????? (       ). ,    ,     ,     QHL,  ,      (., ., 31, 30; ., 13, 1)[48 -        (QHL YSRL,        (ha-) QHL HLHYM.].   ,   ????????,   ????????               .  ,       .

           ?    ,        . , .  ,      ,         (  : OGIS 488; IGLAM 1381; IDelos 1519)[49 - McCready W Ekklesia and Voluntary Associations // Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World. Eds. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G. London/New York, 1996. P. 62. : .  ,                 (Kloppenborg J., Hatch E. Churches and Collegia // Originsand Method. Towards a New Understanding of Judaism and Christianity (JSNT Suppl. 86). Sheffield, 1993. P. 231.].

,  ????????       ,          ,      (. . 16, 5; 1. 16, 19; ., 4, 15). ,            .

 ????????,       ??????????     .                [50 - ,       , ,  ,      ,  Agrippenses ,  .  (Bickerman E.J. The Name of Christians II HTR. 1949. Vol. 42. . 2. P. 115)].         (. 11, ,  ,  ,       26; 26, 28; 1., 4, 16)[51 -     ??????????      ???????,   ,     (1 ., 1, 12; 3, 23; 2., 10, 7; ., 9, 41).].      ,     (., 11, 2; 14, 2; Ignat. Magn., 4, 1; Ignat. Trail., 6, 1; . 3, 23; Ignat., Pol., 7, 3).  ,  ?????????? (christiani)       (Tac., Ann., XV, 44; Suet., Nero 16, 2; Plin., Epist., X, 9697; Fl. Jos., Ant. Iud., XVIII, 64).  ,       90-120. ..  ,   ,    ,       (quos vulgus Christianos appellabat  Tac., Ann., XV, 44;). .   ,      ,     nomen     [52 - Horrell D. The Label ??????????: 1Peter 4, 16 and the Formation of Christian Identity II JBL. 2007. Vol. 126. 2. P. 364.].    , ,     -.        .           :    ??????????,      ( )    (      ,      ).

    ,               .




1.2. Populus  



      ,           ,    .       ,        , ,   () ,   -   ..           ,      .     ,       ,    ,    .            .     ,    ,      ,    - ,   -     ,           ?




1.2.1.   .      


   ,  ,      :             .    (voluntary membership)         ,         (voluntary association).

             , ,    ,    .       -        , ,      .        ,      .                    .

      -   ,      . ,         .

         ,        .     , ,   ,    (fiunt, non nascuntur Christiani) (Tertull., Apol., 18, 4).                 .

   ,         ,             . .    ,       ,    [53 - Guterman S. L. Religious Toleration and Persecution in Ancient Rome. London, 1951. . 134.].         ,    (      - ),     . ,  ,   . ,          (voluntary, open membership)[54 - . ,          (Gruen E. Diaspora. Jews amidst Greeks and Romans. Cambridge, 2002. P. 121).].

,    ,        .             ,     ,          .

 ,       -    .      , , ,        ,        .          .                      . ,            ,  -    ,  ,   ,  ,          .       .

                .     , ,   ,          -  .                           .

                  . ,       .

  ,               ,    .  ,          .

,             . ,             .  ,        ,      (  CIL XIV, 250, 251; IG II/2, 1368)[55 - Wilson F.H. Studies in the Social and Economic History of Ostia 1 // PBSR. Vol. 13. 1935. P. 66.].

    ,       .      - ,         .  ,        -    ,        ,   ,    ,    .

1.2.2.   .        ?

 ,     ,     . ,   -      ,         (joining a club),                   (religious conversion)[56 - Beck R. The Mysteries of Mithras: A New Account of Their Genesis // JRS. Vol. 88. 1998. P. 128.].  ,         ,             ,                  .

,  ,    ,      ,  .            ,    (joining)   :       .

   ,              .         :    - ,  ,     ,            .  ,       ,         ,  - ,        [57 - Stark R.The Rise of Christianity. How the Obscure, Marginal Jesus Movement Became the Dominant Religious Force in the Western World in a Few Centuries. Princeton University Press, 1996. P. 14.].      . ,       ,      ,        -. ,        ;             [58 - Stark R. The Rise of Christianity P. 16.].   .      . ,  :  ,              [59 - Brown P. Body and Society. New York, 1988. P. 90.].

          (social networks),        (, ,  ,  ,   ..).

.      ,          .    ,    ,  ,   ,     ,   , ,       (conversion).  .    ,         ,    ,     ,  .    ,     ,     [60 - Beck R. The Mysteries of Mithras P. 178.].        ,      -,       ,       .  ,          ,       ,      ,  , ,     ,           .             .   ,          ,        (Plin., Nat. Hist., V, 17). ,          .

            ,    .         ,           .    ,             ,    ,           ,       . ,   ,                  .         ,          (. 2, 38)       [61 - Dunn J. Christianity in the Making P. 189.].                ,       ,    .  , ,     ,   ,  ,   ,   .           ,             .              .                        [62 - .         ,    :  II. ..        ,      (   bioi),  ,       (Wilken R. The Christians as the Romans. P. 77).].

   ,         ,               .   [63 - Taylor N. The Social Nature of Conversion in the Early Christian World // Modelling Early Christianity. Social-Scienific Studies of the New Testament in its Context. Ed. P. Esler. London, 1995. P.124134.] .  ,        (uniform pattern),         ,          ,    .     .    :  (conviction)  ,        ;  (conformity)       ,   ;  (socialization)    .  ,        (       ,         )   (      ,      ,             ).

  ,         - ,     . .            : 1)    ; 2)            ; 3)        ; 4)    ; 5)   ,    ; 6)    ; 7)   ,    [64 - Cohen S. Crossing the Boundary and Becoming a Jew// HTR. Vol.82. 1989. P.1333.].

  ,              (   ),         .




1.2.3.   


,         ,        .           :           .      ,            ,      .

      ,    ,  [65 - Harland P. Associations, Synagogues and Congregations. Claiming a Place in Mediterranean Society. Minneapolis, 2003. P. 183.].        (, )     . ,  (lex)          (???????)   (P. Lond 2193);              (P. Lond 2710 = SB 7835). ,  (??????????)         ,    (CCCA I, 456 = NewDocs I, 3).

           ,  -      -  .           ,  ,    ,   ,      [66 -   CIL XIV, 128; 374; 4569. Royden H. The Tenure of Office of the Quin-quennales in the Roman Professional Collegia // The American Journal of Philology. 1989. Vol. 110. 2. P 7071, no. 17; Meiggs R. Roman Ostia P 210211, 222, 316317.].

  ,                . ,        , ,  (Philo, Flacc., 57).           [67 - Seland T. Philo and the Clubs and Associations of Alexandria // Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World (ed. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G.). London/ New York, 1996. P. 110.].

    ,                ,     . . , ,             [68 -        exclusive  totalistic (Meeks W The First Urban. P. 77).].




1.2.4.       ?


 ,          ,            .              ,    [69 - Meeks W The First Urban Christians. Yale, 1983. P.7880; McCready W Ekklesia and Voluntary Associations // Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World (ed. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G.). London/New York, 1996;   Judge E.A. The Social Pattern of Christian Groups in the First Century. London, I960. P 60.].

      ,     ,     ,  [70 - .  :  ,  ,  ,              ,    (Patterson J. Landscapes and Cities. Rural Settlement and Civic Transformation in Early Imperial Italy. Oxford, 2006. P 255).]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=64832732)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Mommsen T. De collegiis et sodaliciis Romanorum. Kiliae, 1843.




2


Conrat M. Zum romischen Vereinsrecht: Abhandlungen aus der Rechtsgeschichte. Berlin, 1873.




3


Liebenam W Zur Geshichte und Organisation des Romischen Vereinswesens. Leipzig, 1890.




4


Ziebarth E. Das griechische Vereinswesen. Stuttgart, 1896.




5


Poland F. Geshichte des griechischen Vereinswesens. Leipzig, 1909.




6


Foucart P. Des associations religieuses chez les Grecs  thiases, eranes, orgeones, avec le texte des inscriptions relative a ces associations. Paris, 1873.




7


Waltzing J.-P. tude historique sur les corporations professionnelles chez les Romains depuis les origines jusqu'? la chute de l'empire d'Occident. 4vols. Bruxels, 18951900.




8


Hatch E. The Organization of the Early Christian Churches: Eight Lectures Delivered Before the University of Oxford, in the Year 1880, 1909.




9


Heinrici G. Die christengemeinden Korinths und die religiosen Genossenschaften der Griechen II ZWT. 1876. Vol. 19. SS. 465526; Zum genossenschaftlichen Charakter der paulinischen Christengemeinden II Theologische Studien und Kritiken. 1881. Vol. 54. SS. 505-24.




10


Judge E.A. The Social Identity of the First Christians: A Question of Method in Religious History // JRH. Vol. 11. 2. 1960. P 201217.




11


Meeks W The First Urban Christians. Yale, 1983.




12


Malina B. The Social World of Jesus and the Gospels. London, 1996.




13


Harland P. Associations, Synagogues, and Congregations: Claiming a Place in Ancient Mediterranean Society. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.




14


Ascough R. What Are They Saying About the Formation of Pauline Churches? New York, 1998; Ascough R. Chaos Theory and Pauls Organizational Leadership Style // Journal of Religious Leadership. 2002. Vol. 1. 2. P.2143; Ascough R. The Thessalonian Christian Community as a Professional Voluntary Association // JBL. 2000. Vol. 119. 2. P.311328; Ascough R. Greco-Roman Philosophic, Religious, and Voluntary Associations // Community Formation in the Early Church and in the Church Today. Peabody, 2002. P.319.




15


Kloppenborg J.S. Collegia and Thiasoi: Issues in Function, Taxonomy and Membership // Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World. Eds. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G. London/New York, 1996. P.1631; Kloppenborg J., Hatch E. Churches and Collegia // Origins and Method. Towards a New Understanding of Judaism and Christianity (JSNT Suppl.86). Sheffield, 1993. P.212238.




16


Voluntary Associations in the Graeco-Roman World. Eds. J.S. Kloppenborg and S.G. Wilson; London and New York: Routledge, 1996.




17


Ascough R. What Are They Saying About the Formation of Pauline Churches? New York, 1998.




18


Ascough R. Chaos Theory and Pauls Organizational Leadership Style // Journal of Religious Leadership. 2002. Vol. 1. 2. P.2143; Ascough R. The Thessalonian Christian Community as a Professional Voluntary Association // JBL. 2000. Vol. 119. 2. P.311328; Ascough R. Greco-Roman Philosophic, Religious, and Voluntary Associations // Community Formation in the Early Church and in the Church Today. Peabody, 2002. P.319.




19


Harland P. Associations, Synagogues, and Congregations: Claiming a Place in Ancient Mediterranean Society. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.




20


Ibid. P. 3.




21


 ..     (    ). , 1882.




22


 ..      (    ) // . 1882. 1. C. 4561;  ..        // . 1882. 6. .265270.




23


Inscriptiones Antiquae Orae Septentrionalis Ponti Euxini Graecae et Latinae. Ed. Latyschev B. Vol. III, IV Petropoli, 18851916.




24


Inscriptiones Antiquae Orae Septentrionalis Ponti Euxini Graecae et Latinae. Ed. Latyschev B. Vol. II. P 246287.




25


  . .-., 1965.




26


 ..     .   . ., 1990. .104110.




27


    .  .    . . 104. .-., 1934. .756.




28


 ..  - //   .  V. 1940. .4749.




29


 .. . - . -., 1949. . 103.




30


 ..  .  . ,   1986. . 676.    ,     ,        III. ( ..   . 575).




31


 ..   :           III. // . 1981. 4. C. 3354;  ..    . ., 1985;  ..            (   ) // . 1985. 4. C. 4361.




32


 ..     . ., 1987.




33


      / .. , .. , .. , .. . ., 2002.




34


 ..     -  (  ). . . . .:  1988.




35


 ..       // . 1987. 2. .102117.




36


 ..  :  . ., 1989;  ..     (   ). ., 1985;  ..            (   ) // . 1985. 4. C. 4361;  ..   :           III. // . 1981. 4. C. 3354.




37


 ..      . . ., 1986.




38


: Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World.Eds. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G. London/New York, 1996.   voluntary  elective (: Beard M., North J., Price S. Religions of Rome. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, 1998).




39


 : Liu J. Collegia Centonariorum: The Guilds of Textile Dealers in the Roman West. Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition. Vol. 34. Brill, 2009. P. 10.




40


Tcherikover V Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews. Philadelphia, 1959. P. 296.




41


    La Piana G. Foreign Groups in Rome During the First Century of the Empire // HTR. 1927. Vol. 20. P. 329; Levine L. The Ancient Synagogue. The First Thousand Years. Yale, 2005. P.119120.




42


   ???????? '???????  CIG 9909; CIJ I, 291, 510, 535.  .   ,         (  ).          .  ,      ,      (La Piana G. Foreign Groups P. 356).  ,      ???????? '???????   ,      , , .




43


???????? ???????????    ,  ,       (CIG 9907; CIJ I, 365, 425, 503); ???????? ??? ????????????????     (CIL VI, 29757; CIG 9902; CIJ I, 284, 301, 338, 368, 416, 496);   Volumenses (????????????)   ,      8.  ..,    (CIL VI, 29756; CIJ I, 343, 402, 417, 523).




44


?????????     (Campus Martius)  (CIL VI, 29756; CIG 9905); ???????????       Subura, ,     ,    (CIG 6447; CIJ I, 18; 22; 67; 140; 380).




45


  Calcarenses (???????????).       ,   ,         (calcariarii).   , , , ,      (  XI        ,   Calcaria) (CIJ I, 304, 316, 384, 504).




46


Georgi D. The Early Church: Internal Jewish Migration or New Religion? // HTR. 1995. Vol. 20. 1. P.3568.




47


Dunn J. Christianity in the Making: Beginning from Jerusalem. Vol. 2. Grand Rapids, 2008. P. 599.




48


       (QHL YSRL,        (ha-) QHL HLHYM.




49


McCready W Ekklesia and Voluntary Associations // Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World. Eds. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G. London/New York, 1996. P. 62. : .  ,                 (Kloppenborg J., Hatch E. Churches and Collegia // Originsand Method. Towards a New Understanding of Judaism and Christianity (JSNT Suppl. 86). Sheffield, 1993. P. 231.




50


,       , ,  ,      ,  Agrippenses ,  .  (Bickerman E.J. The Name of Christians II HTR. 1949. Vol. 42. . 2. P. 115)




51


    ??????????      ???????,   ,     (1 ., 1, 12; 3, 23; 2., 10, 7; ., 9, 41).




52


Horrell D. The Label ??????????: 1Peter 4, 16 and the Formation of Christian Identity II JBL. 2007. Vol. 126. 2. P. 364.




53


Guterman S. L. Religious Toleration and Persecution in Ancient Rome. London, 1951. . 134.




54


. ,          (Gruen E. Diaspora. Jews amidst Greeks and Romans. Cambridge, 2002. P. 121).




55


Wilson F.H. Studies in the Social and Economic History of Ostia 1 // PBSR. Vol. 13. 1935. P. 66.




56


Beck R. The Mysteries of Mithras: A New Account of Their Genesis // JRS. Vol. 88. 1998. P. 128.




57


Stark R.The Rise of Christianity. How the Obscure, Marginal Jesus Movement Became the Dominant Religious Force in the Western World in a Few Centuries. Princeton University Press, 1996. P. 14.




58


Stark R. The Rise of Christianity P. 16.




59


Brown P. Body and Society. New York, 1988. P. 90.




60


Beck R. The Mysteries of Mithras P. 178.




61


Dunn J. Christianity in the Making P. 189.




62


.         ,    :  II. ..        ,      (   bioi),  ,       (Wilken R. The Christians as the Romans. P. 77).




63


Taylor N. The Social Nature of Conversion in the Early Christian World // Modelling Early Christianity. Social-Scienific Studies of the New Testament in its Context. Ed. P. Esler. London, 1995. P.124134.




64


Cohen S. Crossing the Boundary and Becoming a Jew// HTR. Vol.82. 1989. P.1333.




65


Harland P. Associations, Synagogues and Congregations. Claiming a Place in Mediterranean Society. Minneapolis, 2003. P. 183.




66


  CIL XIV, 128; 374; 4569. Royden H. The Tenure of Office of the Quin-quennales in the Roman Professional Collegia // The American Journal of Philology. 1989. Vol. 110. 2. P 7071, no. 17; Meiggs R. Roman Ostia P 210211, 222, 316317.




67


Seland T. Philo and the Clubs and Associations of Alexandria // Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World (ed. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G.). London/ New York, 1996. P. 110.




68


       exclusive  totalistic (Meeks W The First Urban. P. 77).




69


Meeks W The First Urban Christians. Yale, 1983. P.7880; McCready W Ekklesia and Voluntary Associations // Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World (ed. Kloppenborg J.S. and Wilson S.G.). London/New York, 1996;   Judge E.A. The Social Pattern of Christian Groups in the First Century. London, I960. P 60.




70


.  :  ,  ,  ,              ,    (Patterson J. Landscapes and Cities. Rural Settlement and Civic Transformation in Early Imperial Italy. Oxford, 2006. P 255).


