 :    
 


 
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 RSJF[1 - RSJF (.  . Rotterdam Ska-Jazz Foundation)    --.      ,     . ..]   



Laura Spinney

PALE RIDER



      ,  Vintage. Vintage     Penguin Random House    Andrew Nurnberg



Copyright  Laura Spinney, 2017

   һ, 2021






   


     1918.       . <>          .

 .       191819. (2003)[2 -      .    H. Phillips and D. Killingray (eds.), The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 191819: New Perspectives (New York: Routledge, 2003)  :     - 1918.       .                ,      .          .                .]

9 1918          . ? mort Guillaume! ? bas Guillaume![3 -  !  ! (.)   ,           ,  II   .]  .      VII ,    ,         [4 -   ,            ,   ()   ()   ,     -        .],      ,           1914     ,      ,   ,      !        ,      mort pour la France[5 -    (.).].

              .     .         -.      -,   ,      ,             ,     , , ,           : , ,  , ! , ,  腫 ,            ,                [6 - J.Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 20.].

             ,            ,   .        ( 500 ).      (4  1918.)   ( 1920.)          50100  ,    2,5  5%  .         ,   ,   ,          ,      ,      .                       (17 ),       (60),   ,           .  ,            [7 -   ,    XIV.  ,  ,   ( ),                  ,                    ,        .],        .

          XX ?   ,          .                ,    ,   .    ,   XX     ,    .      ,          . , ,    ,   , ,             ,       - ,        1918.      ,     ,         ,          1918,         ,    -      - .              ,  ,         ,     .         ,             .

,         :         ,                 .        ,       ,  -      ,     -  .  ,               .   , ,           .                1918.     ,      ?       ,     .

   [8 -   (19292015)  ,    .]    2000-    ,                 .       ;    ,              .      ,     ,  ,    ,             [9 - Ranger, in Phillips and Killingray (eds.).    ,  ,         (. Yvonne Vera, 19642005),       ,            .].   , ,     .          ,               ,          -   . (,            -:  -    .            ,    ,    ,      .          .)

       ,        .     ,    ,           ,                   .                     ,     ,       ,    ,    .  ,   ,        ,   ,         ,     .          ;  ,          ,    .  ,               ,           ,    ,    ,      .       .

   .         ,     ,       , ,    .    1990-        軠    ,            .        ,  ,  ,      .          ,            .  , ,          ,                  ,                       .

       ,    ,   ,          .              ,    ,             .  1998         ,  80-  ,   ,           ,       ,    ,    ,  , -    .                    . -,              , ,        .  -, 1918  ,       ,  .   -,         .         ,  ,     ,     .     (    ,         )    ,  .                             ,        .

                  1918.,    ,      .         ,              ,      .      ,      ,   ,             .  1918    -, -           -        ,   ,               . ,          ,      ,      ,      .

             ,  1918      ,      . ,          ,   ,       ,   .    ,    --                          .                 ,                     .  - , ,    ,        ,  -   ,      -       .      , ,    :      .

        .            ,    ,       12000 . ,  ,   ,           1918,   ,   ,      ,       .              ,  ,   ,              ,        ,      .           ,     ,     le fil conducteur[10 -   (.).] .       :     ,   -  ,         ?

 ,         -     -     ,                 -        ?    -       ,  -     .        ,  ,      .      ,      ,      .           ,       ,   ,   ,     XX      ,    ,      .   蠫    ,       1918,         ,  , ,  ,          ,      100%   ,    XIV      (,  , ) .  ,      1918    ,     XX     .    ,       ,  -               ?   ,   ?  , ,    , ,     , ,        .  ,        ,             .             ,  , ,   .           ,    ,   ,  ,     ,          1918,     ,   .    ,   -   ,    ,          .    ,  -             , , ,     ,   ,                 [11 - L. Spinney, History lessons, New Scientist, 15 October 2016, pp.3841.].   , ,           ,  .          ,         :   1918   ,           ,            ,   .




 

  






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 412  ..,    ,   - ,      ,   .               , ,   ,  ,   .      ,          ,         ,  ,  ,  ,   .

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       .           ,            ,    .        ,    ,  ,        ,    ,     homo sapiens.                     .             ,                      .

          ,     ?        .    ,    .   ,  ,     ,   .    ,    ,    (    ),  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,   .   ,      ,    ,  ,   .  ,       -[12 - N. D. Wolfe, C. P. Dunavan and J. Diamond, Origins of major human infectious diseases, Nature, 17 May 2007; 447(7142):27983.]. ,    ,   ; ,   ,    .        - ,    ,      .

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 (      ).       .     .  , ,    .     ,  ,  ,  :         , -     ,          .  -         ,  , ,      .

        ,    ,  III  ..   ,     ,  ,  ,      [13 - Epicurus, Vatican Sayings (31-  81     ,      XIV. ).].   ,          ,      ,  ()   .    ,        .            ,    蠫,                 .                      ,     ,      .

    ,       ,      ,      ,   212  ..     ,    .     ,     ,    ⠫    .          ,      ,  ,   ,        :         .   ,    , ,  [14 -  .     .  II (XXV.9-11). .:, 2002.]. ,      IX    ,    febris Italica[15 -   (.).].        XII,   -        XVI .  1557,        I,   6%  -   ,    ,        ,     [16 -   I     1558  43-.      .].

 XVI        .                    .           ,      ,                  .      ,         .  ,            ,     1493           .            ,         , ,            ,     .

         ,    ,    , ,  ,          ,       .   XX  ,        ,     ,        ,                      [17 - W. H. McNeill, Plagues and Peoples (Garden City: Anchor Press/ Doubleday, 1976), p. 2.].           ,   ,  ,              .     ,             ,                .    ,       ,    ,        ,     ,       ,   ,   ,  XIX     ,       .         , ,   ,    ,      !   ,  ,               [18 - D. Killingray, A new Imperial Disease: the influenza pandemic of 191819 and its impact on the British Empire, paper for the annual conference of the Society for Social History of Medicine, Oxford, 1996.].

             ,      .   ,  ,                , ,       . ,  ,         ,  ,        ,  VI ..   25     [19 -         ,       (Yersinia pestis),      VIII.,    100 ,            .],   ,        ,       ,    , -         (, ,          ).

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  ,      (  ,     )  1580.   ,     ,   (,    )   .    .               ,    ,           .        XIX  ,      , ,        ,    ,   ,     .

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       XIX ,    ,  ,          .     ,           ,       .          ,     ,        ,            .      .        ,                    ,    ,     .          ,     ,              .        XVIIIXIX          .

 XIX    .   1830 ,      ,        .        1889   ( )     ,          ,      -   ,         .            ,        ,  ,        .         ,              .        ,        ,             ,       ,     ,    30  50 .    ,    ,     ,           ,  .     ,  ,     ,   ,       -             .     :          ,    -,  ,  ,              -        ,   ,   ,   ,  [23 - Quick Facts: Munchs The Scream (Art Institute of Chicago, 2013).].         ,    ,      .  -, XX,  ,              [24 -     (., , doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(20)30862-9),    ,     18891890.       H3N8,    2005.,    ,    OC43,                                 ,        Ȼ      COVID-19,  2020.    .].




 2

 


  ,    XXI    ,   /,     ,       ,   .    XX        (    ).              ,                 . ,                   ,          ,      ,       ,               .    XIX                     .        ,  ,           ,   ,        ,               .

                        .        .     ,        ,    ,          ,            .   ,       .                  ,      .    ,  ,          .  , -         ,    -            ,     ,           .  , ,    XX -    .

           , ,   .           ,         ,    .  ,    ,         ,  , ,  ,      .   1908       ,       -        .  , ,   ,         ,  ,   ,       .       ,     ,        ,     ,                       1916   71[25 - P. de Kruif, Microbe Hunters (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1926), pp. 2323.]. (   ,         ,   ,     ,   .)

, , -  . - virus  , ,   XX        .   1890       :     ,            . ,  -        ,      .           .          ?     ?    ?     1892            ,   .              ,     ,       ,    ,    ,     .

    1892,      ,      ,    ,  ,       . -,  ,   Haemophilus influenzae,     ,         ,     ( ,               ,      ,         ).       ,     ,   ,         ,   1918      -  .  1918  -           ,           . -,      ,  -,          .         ,          .       ,   ,     ,      .           ,  1922, :  .    .   [26 - Ulysses, 2:3327. . . . : http://www.james-joyce.ru/ulysses/ulysses-text.htm#2.],          ,      ,       .

         ,      .                     ,          ,          .      XIX    ,        ,      . ,                 ,       ,       ,       ,        ,    .     1854,      1858,  -             ,          ,    -   . ?   ,    [27 -   (18131858)          ,     16  , ..,     .].

               . , ,       - . ,  ,     ,     ,         ,         ,   ,   .        .      :              ,          . ,  ,         ; -           ,  , ,    ,    ,       .      [28 - Hippocrates. Ancient Medicine.].

   , ,           ( ,  ),              - .  1838                ,          .      ,        .       ,         .        ,   ,        ,    --  ,   ,    ,           .   -     ,        - ,         ,  ,   !  ![29 - T. M. Daniel, The history of tuberculosis, Respiratory Medicine, 2006; 100:186270.]

 XIX        ,     ,   ,   .        , , ,          ,              .  , 1859         ,         .            ,         .     ,      .     ,      ,      .    ,  ,    ,       ,           .             :      ,                ,     ,      .

              ,     ,    XIX        ,      .           ,         ,    (, -   ).   ,                   ,      , ,       [30 - S. Otsubo and J. R. Bartholomew, Eugenics in Japan: some ironies of modernity, 18831945, Science in Context, AutumnWinter 1998; 11(34):54565.].             ,   1918     ,   ,              .

          ,    [31 -       (16461716)    (1714)     ,    ,  ,     ,  ,  ,        . . .],  1923   ,  -    -        1918  .       ,    1914.      ,           .    1914   ,  ?          .         ,           ,       .  ,  1918,         ,           ,     ,  ,         [32 - 9  1918.                -  .      ,  -      2023  1923.  .      .].

 1918        , -  ,   ,   .             ,              ,      ,       (    ,       1918   ).        ? ,              ?.

  ,    .          ,    -      .     ,    -     ,              [33 -           23 ,    蠫    25 .] ( 20/)[34 - G. D. Shanks, M. Waller and M. Smallman-Raynor, Spatiotemporal patterns of pandemic influenza-related deaths in Allied naval forces during 1918, Epidemiology & Infection, October 2013; 141(10):220512.].          ,        . , ,     ,     12   300  ,        ,   .               Ford ModelT  ,     .         -  .

  ,   ,      ,         .      ,  ,                ,               ,          .             .      1917           ,  ,     .         :  3,7   550000         ,   1,5 (!)   -     ,         ,       -  .

         ,   Yersinia pestis ( )     ,   ,  蠫 .  1918, ,      ,         .   蠫     ,         ,     . ,  :          [35 - J. Black and D. Black, Plague in East Suffolk 19061918, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2000; 93:5403.]. ,           :           50 ,         .   ,  ,       .

          ,      ,   ,         .         ,       ,    -  ,           ,              .         1953,             .  :           ,   2004           ,     [36 - A. D. Lanie et al., Exploring the public understanding of basic genetic concepts, Journal of Genetic Counseling, August 2004; 13(4):305320.].

   1918     ,      ,   [37 -   (. Abraham Flexner, 18661959)         ,  .] 1910          .       ,           .     ,                 .  ,           .                       .              ,         :     ,      ,         .     ,       .       ,              ,   -   .           .     ,    ?         .

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 4  1918   -  -               ,     .          ,        ,            .

,    ,   . Ѡ1918       ,         .       ,          4  1918.            .

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 ,  ,        (  ),     , ,   ,    ,  1300    .   ,           1918      - (     )           .       ,  ,   ,                     , , ,        ,   [40 - E. F. Willis, Herbert Hoover And The Russian Prisoners Of World War I: A Study In Diplomacy And Relief, 19181919 (Whitefish: Literary Licensing, LLC, 2011), p. 12.].

       ,  ,    ,       ,  , ,     ( ),       . -    , ,     ,           [41 - K. D. Patterson and G. F. Pyle, The geography and mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Spring 1991; 65(1):421.].        .     ,      New York Times,            : 20000        - ;    ,             ,    ,     .      ,       ,   ,     , 

        .    , -  1918  ,        .      , ,            .           ,        ,          ,    ,        .    ,   Kaiserschlacht,     ,             .       ,   .      .         ,       .   ,           ,  -        .        ,      - .         -,    ,   ,       .




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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/laura-spinni/blednyy-vsadnik-kak-ispanka-izmenila-mir/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


RSJF (.  . Rotterdam Ska-Jazz Foundation)    --.      ,     . ..




2


     .    H. Phillips and D. Killingray (eds.), The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 191819: New Perspectives (New York: Routledge, 2003)  :     - 1918.       .                ,      .          .                .




3


 !  ! (.)   ,           ,  II   .




4


  ,            ,   ()   ()   ,     -        .




5


   (.).




6


J.Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 20.




7


  ,    XIV.  ,  ,   ( ),                  ,                    ,        .




8


  (19292015)  ,    .




9


Ranger, in Phillips and Killingray (eds.).    ,  ,         (. Yvonne Vera, 19642005),       ,            .




10


  (.).




11


L. Spinney, History lessons, New Scientist, 15 October 2016, pp.3841.




12


N. D. Wolfe, C. P. Dunavan and J. Diamond, Origins of major human infectious diseases, Nature, 17 May 2007; 447(7142):27983.




13


Epicurus, Vatican Sayings (31-  81     ,      XIV. ).




14


 .     .  II (XXV.9-11). .:, 2002.




15


  (.).




16


  I     1558  43-.      .




17


W. H. McNeill, Plagues and Peoples (Garden City: Anchor Press/ Doubleday, 1976), p. 2.




18


D. Killingray, A new Imperial Disease: the influenza pandemic of 191819 and its impact on the British Empire, paper for the annual conference of the Society for Social History of Medicine, Oxford, 1996.




19


        ,       (Yersinia pestis),      VIII.,    100 ,            .




20


W. F. Ruddiman, Earth Transformed (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2013), ch. 21.




21


C. W. Potter, A history of influenza, Journal of Applied Microbiology (2001), 91:5729.




22


  influenza    (.)           ,          ,      flu.




23


Quick Facts: Munchs The Scream (Art Institute of Chicago, 2013).




24


    (., , doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(20)30862-9),    ,     18891890.       H3N8,    2005.,    ,    OC43,                                 ,        Ȼ      COVID-19,  2020.    .




25


P. de Kruif, Microbe Hunters (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1926), pp. 2323.




26


Ulysses, 2:3327. . . . : http://www.james-joyce.ru/ulysses/ulysses-text.htm#2.




27


  (18131858)          ,     16  , ..,     .




28


Hippocrates. Ancient Medicine.




29


T. M. Daniel, The history of tuberculosis, Respiratory Medicine, 2006; 100:186270.




30


S. Otsubo and J. R. Bartholomew, Eugenics in Japan: some ironies of modernity, 18831945, Science in Context, AutumnWinter 1998; 11(34):54565.




31


      (16461716)    (1714)     ,    ,  ,     ,  ,  ,        . . .




32


9  1918.                -  .      ,  -      2023  1923.  .      .




33


          23 ,    蠫    25 .




34


G. D. Shanks, M. Waller and M. Smallman-Raynor, Spatiotemporal patterns of pandemic influenza-related deaths in Allied naval forces during 1918, Epidemiology & Infection, October 2013; 141(10):220512.




35


J. Black and D. Black, Plague in East Suffolk 19061918, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2000; 93:5403.




36


A. D. Lanie et al., Exploring the public understanding of basic genetic concepts, Journal of Genetic Counseling, August 2004; 13(4):305320.




37


  (. Abraham Flexner, 18661959)         ,  .




38


,        (.).




39


B. Echeverri, Spanish influenza seen from Spain, in Phillips and Killingray (eds.), p. 173.




40


E. F. Willis, Herbert Hoover And The Russian Prisoners Of World War I: A Study In Diplomacy And Relief, 19181919 (Whitefish: Literary Licensing, LLC, 2011), p. 12.




41


K. D. Patterson and G. F. Pyle, The geography and mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Spring 1991; 65(1):421.


