  Data Science.    
 


     ?      ?     (data science)  ?   ?      (machine learning)      ?          ,        .                 ,       (AI)   .  ,        Ozon.ru.

     ,               .    ,   ,        .   ,        . ,    ,   ,       .           ,      ,           .      ,     .

  PDF A4   .





 

  Data Science.    






  






,    ,   ,    .   ,        ,                 ,    .       ,         .      -    -  .



   , 2021

  IT  , 2021

  , 2021




 


  , 1981  ,  2004    ,          ( - ).

 2002         (Data Science)       StatSoft Russia,     -     STATISTICA.  2004         - Ozon.ru,      ,    -,   ,  ,     .

 2009       Fast Lane Ventures  -.

 2010      - Wikimart.ru.

  2012         - RetailRocket.ru.                 , ,   .

 2007-      (KPIs.ru    ),        -   .    ,   , iMetrics, Gec 2014     (Yandex), -    ,    (AMC Center),  .     PwC, ToWave, ,  .

 2016   -    MIT      .

 2020      CDO Award.








             .             .      .

    ,         .        ,      .

         .  ,        ,      StatSoft.  ,    Ozon.ru,     Ozon.ru:  ,  ,        .           .   Wikimart.ru               .        ,    .   Ostrovok.ru      ,    ,  ,         ,      .

   Retail Rocket      .     Impulse VC ( ,  ,  )  ,    .   Retail Rocket,           .

    ,      ,         .   ,    ,     . ,  ,    ,   .

     ,   ,  ,  ,  .          .

 ,     .    ,      ,   .         .     ,   ,      .




 


 , ,     comp@piter.com ( ,  ).

     !

 -  www.piter.com       .








   ,    .



  ,      .

Data Scientist 

      ,        ,    ,   .    ,       :            .                   .  ,    ,             .

            .    ,     .       ,  data scientist         .         ,      . , , ,   ,     .

            - Ozon.ru,      .    ,    -,            - RetailRocket.ru.           ,       , ,   .  2016        MIT      .  2020     CDO Award.

,    10 000   ,        .      2002 ,        .  ,     10 000 ,   10 000  / 4    / 200    = 12.5 .       , , ,   ,      ,  .

   ,       .      ,            .         (data science)    (machine learning, ML).  ,  .     ,  ,   ,       :

     ;

   ;

   ;

     ,        .




   


     ,               .

   ,   ,        .   ,        . ,    ,   ,       .            ,                  .




   


    ,      .    :

 1         ,     .

 2             ,   .  ,          .

 3          :      ,  .

 4   軠   .     ,   .      ,  , ,  ,  .

 5  ,      , ,   .

 6   ,   ,   ,      Big Data  Hadoop  Spark.

 7   ,           Excel   .

 8         .

 9        :  ,    ,     ,    .

 10  ML  :           ( ,    )    /-  .

 11  .       ,           .      .

 12       ,     e-commerce,        Retail Rocket.

 13           ,      .




 1

   






,       .       .     .       ,       .     .

          ,       ,    ,         ,            .      .

   ,       1974 

    ,         .   ,   ,  :             (gut feeling).        ,   ,     .        .

  ,         (decision fatigue) [7].   ,      :  - ,       ,       .           ,    .      ,     .

   ,    ?

     .        ,    [1] ,    ,    ,   : c,    ,  ,  ,  ,   .      ,     .  !

    ,        ,  ,       .

  ,     -   .        ,           /-.                  .

           .    .   ,    ,    ,   ,     .        .          ,        .            !




   


          .             .  ,     : ,           COVID-19.       [6]. ,          ,      .            ,    .   ,  ,        .        .

   :    ,     .     ,         .  , , -  .   ,      ,        ,       .       .     ,     ,  ,     .

          .

     :      ,         .             ,       .

      .     KPI,     -        .    ,  .     ,         .           .




    Amazon?


      ( Amazon.com) . ,   1999          ,        .     : 2015 [2]  2016 [3] .

         (Invention Machine).   ,   ,    Amazon    .      ,    :  , /- (-,        ), AWS (Amazon Web Services),  ,          .

 ,       ,          .     :    ( ,   )   .   ,      .   ,                .

   ,        .   ,    ,   .       .

   ,     . ,      .       ,      .

  2016      1 (Day 1),         ,   2 (Day 2),   ,  ,      .   4 ,     1:

   (customer obsession);

   (a skeptical view of proxies);

    (the eager adoption of external trends);

   (the eager adoption of external trends).

         .      1      .       :  ?   :

1.   -    (   ,     ).    90%  ,    , 70%  .    ,     .   ,  ,    .

2. ,  .        ,              ,       ,  .  ,        Amazon Studios.  ,     :           .      .     ,  .        ,     .    :        ,     ໠  ,  ,     .

3.         .        .                .




 


   .      ,    ,  15     Ozon.ru,                     . -            ,        .

     ,       ,  ,  . ,         ,         .        ,     컠     ,   .        .     ,      ,   .

        (,         ).   -   ,         .       ,     .       30- ,         . ,  ,      ,   .      ,        .       .

    .       ,      Excel    ,      .     , , ,     ,        ,   .                   ,      -   ,   .

        ,   .  ,            .    10 ,    .    : 4, 4   2 .       ?     ,    .       ?        ?       ,      ,     ,   ,      .     .      .    ,       .

 ,        ,     .   , ,    ,      .     ,   -  ,   .




   


 ,    ,   .      ,     .     ,          .           ,   ;        .   , .  ,    .         ,      . ,        ,      ?

      ,                 ,  .    - (   -)   5%.      Ozon.ru,        5% (   ).             - Omniture Sitecatalyst ( Adobe Analytics):       Opera.          10%    ,      100    ,  .         ,  ,           Omniture,    .

      ,    .             .       , ,         ,  .      :



    ,    ,           (      ,   ).


        ,      .  ,      ,      ,  ,         .




 


       1897 ,     , ,  80%       20%  .

 ,    ,    1951 ,      : 20%   80% .

   ,        :

20%   80%  (data science);

20%     80%   (machine learning);

20%      80%    ( ).

  20          ,    .   ?    .   ,   20%   ,   100% .     Business Week  98-  :   ,  :    ,      ,    ,   .    :     ,    .

  ,       .       (  ),     .     .      ,   ,        .           (feature importance)           .       20%   80%  .      ,     ,        .     ,     -    kaggle.com.             .




       ?


,     . ,        ,    .       .         :      ,     ,   .

   ,    .    ,    ,      .     ,           :   ,   .       :  ,     .       .

 ,  ,   .        ,        . ,   .      -        -,   ,  ,      .        ,     .   ,      ,  ,  .    ,     ,   ,         ,  ,    .

    .     ? ,       .        .

           ,  .      ,     - ,      .     ,  .      .        ,           ,    .      ,      ,      , ,  ,   .

,    1  100   -  .      ,    ,      ?          - ,     ,     ,     .       1%     ;        .        ,  ,        .

       (outcome bias).         :

    󻠖   ,  10 000 .

         6,  10 000 .

  ?  ,     1  2,       1  6.     ,    .    ,  .   ? , .      ?

        ,     [5]   (Cassie Kozyrkov),       [4] (Decision Intelligence)  Google.      , ,         .   ,           ,   ,        .         ,     ,    ,       . ,         ,   ,   ,     .     ( ),       ,      .




 2

  






     Wikimart.ru,          (DJ Patil).       - ,     LinkedIn,      (Chief data scientist)        ,   .               .        - Building Data Science Teams (   ) [9],   OReilly.         .     ,      ,      .     ,  :



A data-driven organization acquires, processes, and leverages data in a timely fashion to create efficiencies, iterate on and develop new products, and navigate the competitive landscape.



,  ,  ,       ,     ,      .


          ,      (if you cant measure it, you cant fix it),     ,    .   ,     :

  ,   .    ,        .

       .

        .       .

           .

        .       ,       .




  


         ,    .






.2.1.  



      (.2.1):

 -  (business intelligence);

   (machine learning);

   (data engineering).

   .




- 


-  (Business Intelligence, BI)   .     :



Business Intelligence         ,        ,   -,         .


 -       ,                   ,     ,     (Key Performance Indicator).      .




  


 (insight)       .      .       :

   [10]    .

  [10]  ,      .

  .  ,     ,    ,   ?.   ,     .          :    .   ,    :

   -  ?  ,     ?          .

  -:    -  ?         .    .

   (exploratory data analysis):      (,  OLAP),    -   ? , -     ( ,    ..).  -      .

       , ,    [11].

       ,   ,         ,       .     ,      .      :     ,      .      ,            .    ,   ,      .           ML.

      Retail Rocket (   -),       ,       1000 ,  ,    ,  .       /-:  ,                 ,   .    ,      - ,          ,     .   -  ,  ,  .       ,    .

    : ,      Retail Rocket    .     ,  .    ,    :       -.      6070% .             ,   .   .    ,      ,        .           .    ,        ,   .      ,     ,        -,      .

    -C軠          ,   ,       [12].      ,     ,     , (,    )   ()           ,      .     :  ,  . ,          ,   .   Retail Rocket   !   .        [12]   .      ,   .




,   


    ,           .    :

        , ,    .

   .     ,    . ,       ,     .

 (dashboards)     .

        ,      .         . ? ,              . ,    -        -.     ? -,   ,         . -,           .   ,      ,      ,     .        :   (,   )      .  ,    (Ozon.ru, Wikimart.ru, Ostrovok),    ,  OLAP-   .          ,        .

         :



     ,            -.  ,           .


 ,       ,      (,   ..):

  (key performance indicator, KPI)  ,  ,      ,  / .

   ,   ,     .

         .     ,    .  ,      ,    ,  - .     ,     .     ,     .   ,     .           :   ,        .

   - - (    ),   ,  ,   ..     :

   ;

,   ,       .

      ,    .    /             .      Ozon.ru,   Ostrovok.ru.  ,      ,         Ostrovok.ru,        .      ,    ,      .      ,   ,     .    , ,   OKR      (Objectives and Key Results) [13]      (Balanced Scorecard).           ,      .      , ,      (    ,    ),       .

   ,   ,     .       ,    ,        ,     .     ,       ,   ,       .        , ,           .

     ,       (SQL, OLAP, Google Data Studio, Tableau)   .        ,      . ,    ,  (  )   ,   ,    .

      ,      :       .   ,       .

          ,    .         , ,  50%       ,  ,     LinkedIn          .  .                  ,    ,   ,    .




  


           :  ,  ,   ..  ,            ,   ,    .            .     -   ,        ,     .       ML.




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=65387097)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .


