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Authors

Alexandrova O.A.  referent of the Department on control organizations of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation  3 Ch. 6;

Bakharev A.V.  doctor of law, senior research fellow at the Research Institute of the Academy of the Russian Federation Prosecutor Generals Office  2 Ch. 1 (in collaboration);

Bulavin S.P.  doctor of law, Associate Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, State Secretary  Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation  3 Ch. 1 (in collaboration)  5 Ch. 5;

Vasilyev V.I.  doctor of law, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, chief research fellow at the ILCL  7 Ch. 4 (in collaboration);

Vitushkin V.A.  doctor of law, leading research fellow at the ILCL  1 Ch. 6;

Gabov A.V.  doctor of law, Head of the Department of civil legislation and procedures of the ILCL  1, 2, 3 Ch. 7 (in collaboration);

Golovanova N.A.  doctor of law, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, senior research fellow of the ILCCh. 8 (in collaboration);

Gorokhov D.B.  doctor of law, senior research fellow of the ILCL  4 Ch. 6;

Dubik S.N. doctor of law, head of the President Administration of the Russian Federation for Civil Service and Personnel  1 Ch. 5;

Emelyantsev V.P.  doctor of law, deputy director of the ILCL  6 Ch. 3;

Ivanov S.B.  Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office, Chairman of the Presidium of the Presidential Council for Countering Corruption  Preface;

Ivanyuk O. A.  doctor of law, senior research fellow of the ILCL  8 Ch. 4 (in collaboration);

Ily S.K.  doctor of law, Associate Professor, Senior Research fellow at the Research Institute of the Academy of Prosecutor Generals Office of the Russian Federation  2, 3 Ch. 1 (in collaboration);

Kalmykova A.V.  senior Research Fellow of the ILCLCh. 4 2 (in collaboration);

Kapustin A.Y.  doctor of law, Professor, deputy director of the ILCL  4 Ch. 2;

Kashepov V.P.  doctor of law, professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, head of the Criminal law and procedures department of the ILCL  4 Ch. 3 (co-authored), 4 Ch. 4 (in collaboration);

Kashirkina A.A.  doctor of law, leading research fellow at the ILCL  1 Ch. 2 (in collaboration);

Kozlov T.L.  doctor of law, Head of the Department at the Research Institute of the Academy of Prosecutor Generals Office of the Russian Federation  5 Ch. 4 (co-authored), 4 Ch. 5 (in collaboration);

Kolesnik A.A.  Deputy Head of Department at the Research Centre under the Russian Federal Security Service  5 Ch. 2 (in collaboration), the application (in collaboration);

Koshaeva T.O.  doctor of law, associate professor, leading research fellow of the ILCL  4 Ch. 3 (In collaboration);

Kudashkin A.V. doctor of law, professor, Deputy Head of Research Institute of the Academy of Prosecutor Generals Office of the Russian Federation  5 Ch. 4 (co-authored), 2 Ch. 6;

Kuznetsov, V.I.  doctor of law, senior research fellow at the ILCL  3 Ch. 5;

Lafitsky V.I.  doctor of law, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, deputy director of the ILCLCh. 8 (in collaboration);

Lebedeva E.A.  doctor of law, senior research fellow at the ILCL  3 Ch. 4, 4 Ch. 5 (in collaboration);

Leshchenkov F.A.  junior research fellow at ILCLCh. 8 (in collaboration);

Lobanov I.V.  doctor of law, Director of the Department of Civil Service and Personnel of the Government of the Russian Federation  2 Ch. 4 (in collaboration);

Lomakina L.A.  doctor of law, associate professor, senior research fellow at the ILCL  4 Ch. 4 (in collaboration);

Lukyanova V.Y. Ph.D. in philosophy, leading research fellow at the ILCL  1 Ch. 1, 1, 8 Ch. 3;

Makarova O.V.  doctor of law, senior research fellow at the ILCL  5 Ch. 3;

Minskaya S.V. doctor of law senior research fellow at the Research Institute of the Academy of Prosecutor Generals of the Russian Federation  3 Ch. 1 (in collaboration);

Molotnikov A.E.  doctor of law, leading research fellow at the ILCL  1, 2, 3 Ch. 7 (in collaboration);

Motsnaya O.V.  doctor of law, senior research fellow at the ILCL  7, Ch. 3 (in collaboration);

Naidenko V.N.  doctor of law, Head of the Research Centre under the Russian Federal Security Service of Russian Federal Security Service  5 Ch. 2 (in collaboration), the application (in collaboration);

Naryshkin S.E.  doctor of economics, Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation  address To the Reader;

Nozdrachev A.F.  doctor of law, professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of the department of administrative legislation at the ILCL  2 Ch. 5 (in collaboration);

Nurtdinova A.F. doctor of law, chief research fellow at the ILCL  7 Ch. 3 (in collaboration);

Pavlushkin A.V.  doctor of law, Head of the Legislation Monitoring Department of the ILCL  5 Ch. 7;

Postnikov A.E.  doctor of law, Head of the Constitutional Law Department of the ILCL  7 Ch. 4 (in collaboration);

Semilyutina N.G.  doctor of law, Head of the Civil Legislation of Foreign Countries Department of the ILCL  4 Ch. 7;

Stepashin S.V.  doctor of law, Professor, Chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Association of control and audit bodies of the Russian Federation  2 Ch. 3, 6 Ch. 4 (in collaboration);

Tymoshenko I.G.  doctor of law, Head of the Constitutional and administrative legislation of foreign countries department of the ILCL  7 Ch. 4 (co-authored), Ch. 8 (in collaboration);

Tiunov O.I.  doctor of law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Honored Scientist of Russian Federation, Head of the International Public Law Department of the ILCL  1 Ch. 2 (in collaboration);

Tikhomirov Y.A. doctor of law, Professor, Honored Scientist of Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Comparative Law, chief research fellow, basic and applied scientific research coordinator at the ILCLConclusion;

Fedorov A.V.  doctor of law, professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, First Deputy Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation  3 Ch. 2;

Khabrieva T.Y.  Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Director of the ILCL  Corruption and the Law: Doctrinal approaches to the problem (rather than the Introduction);

Tsirin A.M.  doctor of law, Deputy Head of the Public Law Centre at the ILCL  2, 6 Ch. 2, 3 Ch. 3, 1 Ch. 4;

Chernobel G.T.  doctor of law, senior researcher at the ILCL  8 Ch. 4 (in collaboration);

Chikanova L.A.  doctor of law, Head of the Labour Legislation Department of the ILCL  7 Ch. 3 (co-authored), 2 Ch. 5 (in collaboration);

Shakhrai S.M.  doctor of law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Chief of Body of the Accounting Chamber of the Russian Federation  6 Ch. 4 (in collaboration).



Editor-in-Chief  T.Y. Khabrieva;

Deputy editor-in-chief  V.Y. Lukyanova.




 


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 ,       , -, -, , -    XXI         , .. ,   ,    .             ,        .   ,  , ,       -     20072009.   [65 - .  1.],  :

         (      ),      ,    .    ,   ,           ,              ;

           ,      (   ,      ).   ,         ,    ,   ;

     ,        - (/ )    ( ) ,     (  ,     ).       ,      ,   ,     . ,               , ,  ,    ,           .

2.          [66 - ., :      /  . .. . ., 2005. . 120136.].     ( )         :

             -      ;

     - ;

             ;

     - ,   ,        .             ,          () ,   () ,  -,     [67 - ., :      /  . .. . ., 2005. . 126.].

  ,       (,   ..),       ,                 ,      ,              [68 -  .   -:           . ., 1997;  .   . ., 1999.],   ,          -  ,    ,      .       [69 -  ..   . ., 2008.].       (  )    , .. ,  ,  ,      ,  .,      :         ,       ,    ;             -,      .    ,    [70 -  .   . ., 1994.].

           [71 -  ..     //   . 2009. 4 (10). . 512.]   ;    (   ),            (, ,   .);  ,       (      ),   ,       /  (inclusion / exclusion),      , , ,   (    ).  (excluded)       [72 -          .],  .. .

 ,      ,   ,   ,  ,    ,        ,       ,          .

3. ,         ,     (),             ,  - ,        .         ,  ()                ,  ,         [73 - . :  ..   .     . , 2001.].  ,   ,           , ,      ,        ,   .              [74 -  XXII  .],            ,      (., ,  . .   ,    ,   ).        ,      ,     ,    ,   .

       ,    80-      .       ,        .   70-       , ,      .    -  , -   , -   ,                   ,     腻[75 -  ..            //         /  . .. . ., 2009. . 1 (39). . 74.]

                .        , ,   ,     .        ,        .  ,  ,   ,              ,       [76 -  ..     //         /  . .. . ., 2009. . 1 (39). . 70.].  ,                      ( )     ,   , , ,       ,  .

4.                . ,          ,              .    ,            .

 1.              . ,           ,  ,      (, ,   .),     ,      [77 -  .. :     //  .. , ,  . ., 2009. . 39.].

          ,          () , .. ,             ,     ,          [78 -   / .. , .. , .. . , 2006.].       ,                 .

  ,  :

,   [79 - ., :  ..     . ., 1997;  ..   :      //     . 1999. . II. 3;  .. :    //     .  -  2324.09.1999. ., 2002. . 7584;  .  . ., 2006. . 18; .],             .      IXX.,  ,   ,        ()   (, )     . ,      .    ,  ,      [80 -  .. :     //  .:  .. , ,  . ., 2009. . 37]. ,        ,  ,    ,  ,      ,   .           (),         () ..,   XVIIXVIII     ,      ,  ,     ,    ,      ,     [81 - . :  ..   . ., 2009.].                ,    ,    ,        .     ,            .

          ,          ,    -      .   ,    1,          ,    ,        .                 ,    ,  ..    [82 -  .. . . . 131.],     ,  ,    .

   ,             - ,         ,   ,      , ,     ,     ..,  .

 2.     ,     :          ,  ,  ,  ,         ,     .     , ,               ,                 ,          50100 [83 -  .. . . . 271.]. ,            :  ,   ,    ..    ,        ,  .

 3.    ,  .    ,        ,         ,    ,          .       ()  [84 -    ໠    . ,    Sothern California Edison       -.    30-  .  ,           . ,    ,  ,             - 20- .  :   / .. , .. , .. . , 2006.]      [85 - . :  .   . ., 1997.].

     [86 - .:   / .. , .. , .. . , 2006.].       :  ,            (  ),        .

     [87 - .:   / .. , .. , .. . , 2006.]               .          , ,    ,    .    ,             ,   ( ,       ,       ..).               

               ( , ,          ).    .     ,              .         .      ,  ,   ,        ,            .             ,             ,     .  -       ,      ( -)      

   ,    ,        .             . , ,         ,  ,     ..       .          ,       ,     (   ,  )  ..      ,            .   ,   ,      , ,   ,        .    ,  ,           ,  -    ,    ,          ..[88 -   / .. , .. , .. . , 2006.].

       :

     :    ,      ,   ,        .   -   (  ,  )               ,   .           :        (     );       ,     [89 -  .].

    ,   ,          ,         .     - -        -        ,    [90 -  .].

                 ,      .       ,         [91 -          :    ,          ,       ,      .        ( . . .).],     ,   .         ,     ,    ,    ,   ,  ..[92 -  ..    . ., 2001. . 37.].         ,     ,       .          ,       ,    ,    ,           ,     .

   , ,        ,            ,     .  ,  ,     ,       ,     ()    ,    [93 - ., :  ..     XVIII  //  . 1861. . XXXIXXXIII. . 101; Leroy-Beaulieu A. LEmpire des tsars et les Russes. Paris: Robert Laffont. 1990. P. 531;  ..  -    ,      //    . 2010. 11. . 2832;  ..          //   . 2011. 2. . 1224; .].                  12  2009.[94 -  . 2009. 13 .]           ,         ,       ,        ,     .

          .      ,    ,  .. ,         .   ,     [95 -  ..  : :   . ., 1988. . :   / .. , .. , .. . , 2006.].      [96 -  .. :  , , ,    . 2- . ., 2007. . 287, 307322;  . : , ,  ,  . 2- . ., 2009. . 3744.]. ,   ,      ,         ,   .                          .

                 ,         ,    ,            ( 43% ),       ,      (43%)             (,  ,  ) (22%).

,       ,   ,    ,    ,   .   ,   ,         .                 , ,   ..              .




2. ,   


      -.      ,   .       ,   ,    ,      ,    .     .      ,  ,      ,     .

  ,                .   (  )                ( ),     ,   .          : -, , -, ,   .

1.- .

      ,        ,     .      :

  .      ,               . ,            [97 - .  // . .: 3. . 3. . 2. ., 1972. . 219.].         -       [98 - ., :  ..  : - . ., 2004;  .       (        ) //    2007:       /  . .. . ., 2008;  .. -     ( .   . ) //   . ., 2009;  ..  . , 2007;  ..   -   (     ) //    2007:       /  . .. . ., 2008; .],  ..  ,   [99 - :  ..  :  .     . ., 2003.],    ..    ...  ,            ,           (  ,       ..) ,     ( )       [100 -  ..     //      . ., 1979. . 2930.].        10%      10%      15 ,                 .          ,  ,   ,  50%  [101 - . :         : : 2. / . . .. . . 2. ., 2009. . 4749.],        ,  ;

         ,     [102 -  .   -.           . ., 1997. . 69.].   ,  ,            ,  ,   ,   ,             .    ,  ..     ,     ,         ..;

    ,   .      , - ,             ,   ,       ,  .    ,          ,            ,     .         ,           ,       , ,  (  )  - ,  .      ,   .           ,        ,  ,      .

   ,  - ,       90-   ,         ,     [103 - . :  . . .; Goldman M. The Privatization of Russia: Russian Reform Goes Awry. L.-N.Y., 2003; Clark B. An Empires New Clothes: The End of Russias Liberal Dream. L., 1995;  .  . ., 1999;  .   :     . ., 2004;  ..  . ., 2007;  ..  . ., 2000; .].   ,  ,                ,   ,      ()  ,    ,       XXI .      ,      ,             ..    [104 - .:  ..    -      //         /  . .. . ., 2009. . 1 (39). . 93, 94.].                ,        XXI ,                 [105 -   -       2020 .       17  2008. 1662- ( .  8  2009.) //  . 2008. 47. . 5489.].

   ,   ,  ,       - .

2. .

     ,          .     ,       .             (..  ),      .

  ,            ,        ,     ,  ,       .            , ,  ,      ,   ,         .  ,           .

,      ,    20082010     ,   ,            ,     , , .            -  ,   .           [106 -  . 2009. 29 ;  ..        //        : . .    -      . 29  2009 /  . . ..   .. . ., 2009. . 154.].

           .      ,         -     ,  , ,        .            ,          .

 ,               (,    ,     )       .

3.- .

    ,   ,     ,    , , ,           -.            ,      ,       .

 ,    ,  .. ,      ,     .                  .      ,       .        ,      , ,    ,          .   ,         , .. ,      ,  ,       ,     . ,  ,         .

          ,   ,      ,            .

    .               ,      .  ,          .      ,   : 37%        25%  [107 -  ..       (- ). . .  . . . - . . ., 2000. . 32.].

   ,             , ,       . ,          ,        ;         - ,  ,         [108 -  ..       //     . ., 2000. . 42.].

    ,    ,   - ,       .  ,      ,  ,   ,   ,   ,  ,   ,    [109 -      /  . .. , .. , .. . ., 1996.].

,       ,    ,      ,       . ,                    .

             .

4. .

 ,    ,     .     :

1)      ,      ,  .        .            ,          . , ,  ,  ,      ,          .

     ,                  [110 -  ..  :    //   . 2008. 2.  .:  : .             /  . -.  .. , . .. . ., 2009.].   ,     ,      ,   . , ,    ,  ,             , ,  ,  . 575    ,          ,   ,     3000 .  ,         .    [111 - .:  ..,  ..     !? //   . 2010. 7.],            ,        .         -      (       3000.)       . ,    ,     ,   .         [112 -  ..    :    . ., 2009. . 170.].

2) ,     ,   ,           ,    ,      ,  ..  , ,    ,     ,  , ,  .            ,   ,           .  ,  18     ,           .             -       [113 -  ..   :  ,   ,    //         /  . .. . ., 2009. . 1 (39). . 482.].         .         ,      ,  . ,     ,  ,       .

3)           . , ,               ,             .     -         ,        ,        .

5. .

      ,          ,       ,  ,        .  ,       ,      ,            .               ,    .   ()    ,  ,     ,   ,     .                  .

       :    ,    ,    ,         ,    ,       ,  -  ,    .          ,      .

   ,      ,            ,   .

        ..,   , ,      .   [114 -    ..     // . 2009. 13 .  . 210/27981.].

,                   (          )                  .

6. .

         ,  ,         .

   ,  91%,            [115 -  ..      //     . ., 2000. . 96.].      7  2011. 3-   (.  1  2011.)[116 -  . 2011. 7. . 900.],    ..      ,        ,       ,        .  . 35               18     35 ,      () ,       ,           (. 1. 35).

  ,    ,     ,    ,   ,        .

           ,         ,      3- ,  ,          ,           .         . ,               .

     ,    ,            3  6 .          ,           .          .

 ,    ,   ,             .

             , ,   ,     .   ,  -           [117 -  ..     //  ,     . ., 1993. . 210.].         ,       .




3.   


      ,  , - ,    .       ,                   . , ,            ,      ,   70   .       ,                          .                 13  2011.      . ,        8600      ,    ;        37. ,    ,          (     ,             );        11.          9  2010.[118 - .        . URL: http://www.news.kremlin.ru/transcripts/10067 (http://www.news.kremlin.ru/transcripts/10067).]

               [119 -          :  494,  2    ,         2011.;  590         ()     ,       ,       ,   ,             2011.    .].

,       ,      (. 3, 4 . 159  )  23,1%     ,   (. 292  )  24,3%,   ,      (. 3, 4 . 160  )  17,2%,   (. 290  )  9,9%,    (. 285  )  6,1% (.1).

     ,    ,       187/86    2,     39   ,           ,    .

           ,     :






 1.     2011.



. 141


 (     ,  ,  ,      ,    );

. 184 (          );

. 204 ( );

. 289 (    );

. 290 ( );

. 291 ( ).

     ,          .

,                 , :

. 174 ( ()     ,     );

. 174


 ( ()     ,       );

. 175 (   ,    );

. 3. 210 (   ( )     ()).

,            , :

. 294 (      );

. 295 (   ,     );

. 296 (            );

. 302 (   );

. 307 (  ,  ,    );

. 309 (              ).

,      ,      :

.,  . 2. 141 (           , , ,       ;       );

. 2. 142 (  ,      );

. 170 (    );

. 201 ( );

. 202 (     );

. 285 (  );

. 285


 (   );

. 285


 (     );

. 285


 (       );

. 286 (      . ,  . 3);

. 292 ( );

. 305 (   ,     ).

,      ,     ,       ,   ,        :

. . 3. 226 (   , ,     );

. 2. 228


 (       );

. . 2. 229 (       ).

,      ,     ,       ,   ,            :

. 3, 4 . 183 (    ,  ,            );

. . 3. 228


 ( ,     ,     ).

,     ,     ,       ,   ,             :

. 3, 4 . 159 (        ;  );

. 3, 4 . 160 (          ,  ).

,   ,     ,    ,     ,       ,   ,        ,    , ,  ,    :

. 159 ();

. 169 (     );

. 178 (,    );

. 179 (         ).

 ,    ,                             .                 (, . 170).

          ,          (. 30  ).

  . 201, . 3. 204         (,        ).

                 (, . 3. 159  ).

-        . 318        .      ,     ,     .               ,     ,          ,       .

   ,   . 2      10.02.2000 6          ,      ,  ,    ,    ,    ,          ,       ,    ,    ,        .   , ,   ,   ,        ,           ,      ,     , ,  ,      ,    ,           ,        (      ).

     ,             ,   -       , ,     : 1)      2)  -, -    ,   ,  ,       ,       .

       ,                   .

               .

       ,  . 30  ,    (. 285


, 285


, 285


, 288, 289, 290, 292).      ,  . 287  .

                ,     (, . 285, 286  ).

         ( )     ,     (                   ,            , , . 30, 33  .).

      ,  ,           ,   .               .

 ,           .            .      .

        (. 2.4)     ,     -  -    ,   ,    ,       ,       .              .

  ,   ,     ,         :

. 5.19 (       ,  );

. 5.20 (   ,  ,     ,    ,   ,  ,        () );

. 7.27 (  (    ));

. 7.31 (,           ,  ,     ,     ,     ,     ,   );

. 7.31.1 (    ,   ()        ,      ,         ,    ,                  );

. 7.32 (     ,  ,                 ,  ,       );

. 15.14 (        );

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. 19.6.1 (      ()      ());

. 19.28 (     );

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   ,   ,                       .

            ,     .

        ,                     , ,      (  )      ,     . ,  79-             ,     ,      .

 ,       ,       .   ,             .

    1  2012     . 9. 20    28  2010. 404-                 [120 - 


  . 2011. 1. . 16.],   ,    (. 285),    (. 286),      (. 289),   (. 292),       (. 299),      (. 300),          (. 201204)     ,                    (. 2. 272),                  .         .

       ..                 [121 -    04.05.2011 97-                          //  . 2011. 19. . 2714.].         ,       ,  ,               ,      .        ,           .

         .   ,                    ,  ,  ,     ,             , ,        ,           (),      ,     .          .

   ,   .

    ,           .   ,          -        , ,       ,     .        .

     [122 -          ,                   (20062007.),   ,         .]    ,      . ,   ,   ,  (    3  ):

        62% ;

  ,             43%;

      ,       43%;

    35%;

    26%;

           (,  ,  )  22%;

        10%;

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      (,      .)  7% .

            :

 ,        ,       (   96%);

- ,           ,   (   161%).

 ,      - ,   .     , ,            (  , ,   ),     ,  ,  .

          ,    .

         ,         ,    ,    ( )     . , ,            .           ,      (      ).        ,     ,        ,      , :  (  . 117),  (  . 139),  (  . 158),    (  . 282


),   (  . 285),   (  . 318)  .             .

     31    ,      ,  , -,    - ,   -      ,  ,      ( 30  ),  -,        .        .             ,    ,       .

   -      .       .                .          ,          ,            .

          ,      ,    ,       .

         :

   ,          ;

      ,  ,  ;

            ,      (, ,    );

    ,    ,    ,       - .  ,         ,       (,   . 331  33  ,       );

 ,  ,            ,        ,    ,      ,         (  ,     ),       ,         ;

           ()   (, ,    );

    - ,     ,     .          ,         ,    ;

     ,    ( ,    ..),      ( ,   ,  ,    ),    (),  .          ,        ;

    (     )      ,       .

              ,   , .




 2.       





1.      


 ,     ,        ,       .     -  XXI       .   ,        ,    ,          .   1990-          ,         ,        .   ,                , ,   ,      ,     [123 -  .        . URL: http://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/fileserver/12/15_tsailhofer.pdf (http://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/fileserver/12/15_tsailhofer.pdf)].

      ,     ,                .  ,      , .  ,     ,   , ,  ,     ,    , ,             .       ,       ,     ,   .               ,      ,     [124 - Henkin L. The age of right. N.Y., 1990.].  ,                        ,        [125 - Raj Kumar C. Corruption and human rights // Indias National Magazine from the publishers of the hindu. 2002. Volume 19  Issue 19.].

                      ,        ,       ,        ,      .           ,       ,   , ,  - ,    ()    .

 ,           ,              :  -   -           ,        .

 ,  ,     :

     ,   ,           ;

                           ;

     ,      ,    ,    ,      .

                   ,    . ,            :             .          .           (),              .          .      ,        ,      .      ,        [126 - Posadas A. Combating Corruption under International Law // 10 Duke J. of Comp. & Intl L. 345. P. 345, 346.].     ,        ,  ,                   [127 - Susan Rose-Ackerman. Corruption: Greed, Culture and the State, 120 YALE L.J. ONLINE 125 (2010). P. 139.].                     ,     .

   ,              ,    :

-   [128 -    .];

-   [129 -  ,      ,     29  1996.,     ,             ,     26  1997.,            ,       () 21  1997.,      ,      27  1999.,   -   ,      4  1999.,          ,        12  2003. .];

  [130 - .,  :    ,    ,  ,   ,           ,  , ,    .].

     ,               .

      ,    ,     ,           ,            ,  ,  ,       .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/raznoe-55610/korrupciya-priroda-proyavleniya-protivodeystvie/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  ,          3339 .  (.:          Ȼ,      ...,  ..       -  . URL: http://www.isprras.ru/pics/File/tochka_zrenia/Bogdanov%2Corruption.pdf).           48%  (700 . ).      (, )    50%     .       Transparancy International   2011.      143   183 ,       ,  , ,  (.: http://www.transparency.org.ru/CENTER/cpi_11.asp (http://www.transparency.org.ru/CENTER/cpi_11.asp)).    ,   ,           .          ()   ,      ,     ,     ,     (Asian Development Bank, ADB),    (African Development Bank, AFDB),   (Bertelsmann Foundation),    (Economist Intelligence Unit, EIU),   (Freedom House, FH),   (Global Insight, GI),   (World Bank),     (International Institute for Management Development, IMD),        (Political & Economic Risk Consultancy, PERC)     (World Economic Forum, WEF).              ,        ,      .




2


    - 2002. (US Sarbanes  Oxley Act of 2002)     2010. ().             ,   .            ,     ,    (, , , ,    ).  ,               .   ,           ,              ,     (Guidance about procedures which relevant commercial organisations can put into place to prevent persons associated with them from bribing (section 9 of the Bribery Act 2010). URL: http://www.justice.gov.uk/guidance/making-and-reviewing-the-law/bribery.htm (http://www.justice.gov.uk/guidance/making-and-reviewing-the-law/bribery.htm)).       -     ;     ;                  .




3


.:  ..    :   . ., 2011. . 81.




4


., : Les Conventions contre la corruption en Afrique (2007); Convenciones Anticorrupcion en America (2006); Report of the United Nations Secretary  General, Existing international legal instruments, recommendations and other documents addressing corruption (Report to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, 10th session, Vienna, 817 May 2001, E/CN.15/2001/3); Balmelli, Tiziano, Jagg Bernard (editors), Les traites internationaux contre la corruption: L`ONU, l`OCDE, le Conseil de l`Europe et la Suisse, Lausanne, Berne, Lugano, Edis, 2004.




5


     .     31.10.2003.     08.03.2006 40-         //  . 2006. 12. . 1231.




6


., :      ,     29.03.1996,     ,              26.05.1997,                   21.11.1997;          27.01.1999;   -       04.11.1999.




7


.   2.




8


          ()          .        ,          .   -         ,         .                 .      .              .    -     ,          .     ,      ,          (. 19.28 ). . :  ..,  ..      (- ) //      . 2011. 3. . 410.




9


. :  ..      //      . 2011. 4. . 1627.




10


           1993, 1995, 1997, 2002 .           .   2008.                  25  2008. 273-    //  . 2008. 52. . 6228.         ,         . ., :    25  2008. 274-                   //  . 2008. 52. . 6229;    21  2011. 329-                    //  . 2011. 48. . 6730.




11


     10  2000. 24       //  . 2000. 2. . 170.




12


 . 2008. 52. . 6228.




13


 . 2011. 48. . 6730.




14


        ,    ,    ,     ,     ,    ,       .       ,        ,      ,  ,    ,    ,       .




15


    13.04.2010 460            20102011  //  . 2010. 16. . 1875.




16


.:    : -  /  . .. , .. . ., 2006;      : -  /  . .. , .. . ., 2008.




17


.:         /  . ..   . . ., 2011.




18


. :     /  . .. , .. . ., 2010. . 1718, 22, 35.




19


    ..      

    (30 . 2008.). URL: http://kremlin.ru/transcripts/1566 (http://kremlin.ru/transcripts/1566)




20


.:  III    (     ). URL: http://www.hse.ru/news/recent/4044225.html (http://www.hse.ru/news/recent/4044225.html)




21


, 41%                      .   33%      ,  36%     . URL:/ http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=459&uid=111624 (http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=459&uid=111624)




22


  ,   ,    ,    ( .. .: 2. . 1. .  . ., 1969).




23


.   7   .




24


. :   :     18692002 . ., 2002;  :  ..    :   . ., 2011. . 293297;  ..       . ., 2010. . 240245  .




25


., :  ..,  ..     . ., 2005.




26


 ..     . , 1995. . 44.




27


., :  ..   :  . ., 2009.




28


  / .. , .. , .. . , 2006.




29


  corrumpere   :    ,     ,  ,  ,    ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   (.:  ..    :   . ., 2011. . 11).




30


. :  ..       // www.transparency.org.ru/CENTER/DOC/article_19.doc (http://www.transparency.org.ru/CENTER/DOC/article_19.doc)




31


. :  .       //  . 1999. 2. . 9798;  .. : .    /  . .. , .. . ., 1998. . 317.




32


. :  ..,  ..,  ..   -     : . . ., 2002;  /  . ..   .. . ., 2002. . 369.




33


.:  ..    //   . 2007. 11. . 22.




34


.:  . :     //     . ., 2004.




35


  / .. , .. , .. . , 2006.




36


.:  . :     //     . ., 2004.




37


.:  ..        //   . 2002. 23.




38


 :     /  . .. . ., 2002. . 461464.




39


.:       /  . . . ., 1997. . 123.




40


 .: Donatella Della Porta, Yves Mny. Dmocratie et corruption en Europe. Dcouverte, 1995; Yves Mny. La corruption de la Rpublique. Ed. Fayard, 1992.




41


:    /  . . .. . ., 2001. . 501502;  ..      // : , ,    . ., 2001. . 151.




42


.:  /  . .. , .. . ., 1994. . 279. .   :  .. :      // : , ,    . ., 2001. . 229;  ..     // : , ,    . ., 2001. . 357;  .      //     . ., 2001. . 87;  .. : ,    //  . 2001. 2. . 99;  ..   :    //   :   . ., 1996. . 3.




43


., : -       ( ) //   . 2002. 1. . 104;  ..     : ,   - . , 1995. . 7.




44


.:  .. . . . ., 2000. . 9.




45


.:  ..,  ..   . ., 1999.




46


., :  .  // http://lenta.ru/conf/kabanov (http://lenta.ru/conf/kabanov)




47


., : International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (Elgar Original Reference) by Susan Rose-Ackerman (2007); Controlling Corruption by Robert E. Klitgaard (1991), Corruption by Matthew Rudoy (2011); Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts by Arnold J. Heidenheimer and Michael Johnston (Sep. 17, 2001);        . , 2002;     (20  2003.,  );  ..   : ,    . ., 2009.




48


.:  .. - :   //   . 2010. 12. . 526.




49


., :  ..,  ..,  ..,  ..,  . .          //   . 2008. 8.




50


., :  ..  : :    . ., 1988;  ..              : , ,  : .  /  . .. . ., 2010. . 63;  .  :  . ., 2000.




51


 ..    //         /  . .. . ., 2009. . 1 (39). . 74.




52


.:  .. . . . 75.




53


 .




54


.:  .  ? //  . 2010. 16 . . 7.




55


. :  . . ., 2005.




56


. :  ..   :     //  . 2008. 2. . 8390.




57


       ,       : 78,8%   ; 73,2%   ; 58,6%   .




58


   ,      ..  (  :     //  . 2008. 2. . 8390),    63,5% .




59


 .. : ,   //  . 2009. 9. . 2533.




60


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