 :  - 
 


 
        ,   ()    ?         19601970? ,    20002010?,   .    ,        ,            ,   , , ,   .   ,     ,   ,  ,   ,   ().    ,       ,   .  -     ,       :      ,    ,   ,      ,   ,   ,   .  ࠖ , ,       ().





 

   - 








 ࠖ  ,  2019    (Wiedererfindung der Tradition: Russisch-j?dische Literatur der Gegenwart. Wien, K?ln, Weimar: B?hlau-Verlag, 2019).      ,   2016  .

     ,       ,    ,    .   ,          ( ) 젖 ,   ,        ,       ,      .

 ,      ,      . ,   ( ),   ( )   ( ),   ,       .

 ,    ,   ,  Fazit-Stiftung,    ,               ,     ,   .

   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  .,  ,    .

  蠖  ,   -,     ,   ,             .

          .

  , ,    ,      .







      [],    ,   .

 . [ 2010: 567]




  : 


    :          ࠖ  ?                     .    [Hirsch 2008]    , ,  , , 頖[1 - .    (reinvention) (  : ) 蠫 (re-creation)  [ 2010: 1920]. Π   . : [Hobsbawm 1983].] .   蠫 [Gruber 2002] ࠖ        堖    :     ,      .

         (),                 :         ,   .    蠖      ,    [2 -      (    )  -,     ,        .].          ,     .

,                 蠖      .

     ,         [Gelhard 2008: 1].                   . ,                      ,  ,          ,   .

     ,  ,       ,  ,     ,     ;        .   ,        ,     ,    ,  [] ()   ,  蠄() .        ,   ( ...) [Ibid:3].           .

         .       ( )       ,   ,                .   []  ,    [Ibid: 5].      ,         (),   , ,    ()[3 - .    - [Goodman-Thau 2002]  [Kilcher 1998] : [Gelhard 2008: 49].].           , , ,        .    𠖠       .

        ,      -        :        ,  ,      .  -      ,       .        -      ( ...)        [Miron 2007: 94].              𠖠 ,       .   , ,     ꠫  . ,                 ,   ,  ,    ,  ,    ,     [Ibid: 96101] -     , ,         , ,   .    , ,   [ 2005: 34][4 - all acts of mediation, negotiation, and translating [Slezkine 2004: 20].],     ,      .       ,     ()  蠖,     ,                  .

  ()    ,   19801990?,  :      ?[5 - How does one mediate the past for the world of the present? [Holtz 1992:377].]    ,  :         ,    ,  [6 -       ,   ɠ   [Ibid].              [Boyarin 1990: 111].].                   ,        .     ,    -  (hyper-intensive reading) 蠫  (rabbinic microscope),    [Holtz 1992: 384],,  ,  , ,    ,            .

    [7 - Π,     .: [Smola 2004: 1342].]     ,   ., ,    :        .  []    ,      [Hartman/Budick 1986: xii][8 -   ,          ,  , ,   [Gelhard 2008: 78].].

 , ,  ,                .              , ()     ,         .      ,     ,     ,,       :



      ,     .     ,    , ,      .   򠖠  ,   ,    [Boyarin 1990: 16].


             ⠖  .          ,  񠖠      . ,  .      XX      :             ,      ,      , ,     [Jacobson 1987: 1].   ࠖ ࠖ         , , ,         [Ibid: 49].

 . [9 - ߠ   ,   ,   -      ,          ,  ,  .]    .     (ABridge of Longing. The Lost Art of Yiddish Storytelling, 1995),        ,    ,         :    ,     ( ...). []          [ 2010: 4851][10 -      1981      Prooftexts: AJournal of Jewish Literary History.   prooftexts (, ),         ,       :    ,       .    ,   ,       ,    .       ,      ,   ,      .]. ,  ࠖ      -   -ࠖ     .        ,  ,   ,     .    ,   -   -,       ,        .

  ,    ,    ,      :



,   []  ,    ,    .           . [] [] ,  ,     ,    []    ,    [ 2010: 19].


      ,     ,     ()    ,,       ,  򠖠      . Π        .  :  ,      ,      ,     ,    ࠖ   ( ...) [Hartman/Budick 1986: xi][11 -            [Solotorevsky 1986: 253264].].

          ,    𠖠  󠖠   .      ,     [12 - .    -:    : - (.402).].  ,  ,    ,   젖  頖       ().




  :  () 


   ,     ,  ,        .     () ,     .     ,  ,     .   [ 2008]  ,    ,     .       - ;           ,          .  ,  ,        .

,     ,         .      ,   ,   ,    ,       ,   .    ,     ,       ,     .     ,    ,         . ,           , , ,    ,  ()  .

              ,    [Assmann 1999: 1314].           ,    . ߠ  ,  ,        , 頖       ,      (,   ) ,       蠫  [Ibid: 13].     (, )  ,            ,      .  ,        ,          [Ibid: 15].

  ,     ,   ,       (postmemory) [Hirsch 2008].        [Ibid: 104],   ,          ,       ࠖ,    .                .            ,      ,    .           ,      (belatedness)     [Ibid: 106].

     ,            ,    ,    ,             .   ,         ,      ,      .        蠫 ,       .

            .      [Ibid],     蠖 ,  ,      [13 - .       (pre-established forms)   [Hirsch 2008: 120].    ,    ,     [: 106].].    堖 頖     ,        .  ,     ,  .

,     ,           .                   .          () ,     :   ,      .

         .            .    ,          [],        .      ,    [Lachmann 1993: xvii].     -   ⻠  .          ⠫  , ,  ,      () .            [Ibid: xviii].      ,         ,, :  []    , ..  ( ...) [ 2004: 63].   ,                       .

          [14 -  (. )       . Ѡ         -,     .     ,              .    仠     .        .] (.  , .134).           ,        ,       (  ),   .     ,    ,   [: 74].   ,   ,    [15 -   (  )    (),       ,  蠖.]        .         .            ո:  ,    [],     [H?lscher 1995: 166].     ,          ,     .            ,   :  堖      [].       养 [Assmann 1999a: 169].       ,     ()      ,  , , ,            -,  ,      [Ibid][16 -   ,      XIX       -  [Assmann 1999a: 169171].]. ,   , ,    ,          .         ():            [Folkers 1991: 365].   ,    ⠫   ,  ,   ,      ,      .  񠖠   [Ibid]. ,                       [Ibid: 364366].      ,       -   蠖 젖() ,      .       ,      (.  :   , .202).

      蠖  [ 2010]    , ,      .   ,        ,  堖 1960?  ,     ,   ,         .    ,                       : virtually Jewish (/ ) [Gruber 2002], le Juif imaginaire ( ) [Finkielkraut 1980], Imagining Russian Jewry (/  ) [Zipperstein 1999], the constructed Jew ( ) [Gantner/Kovcs 2007], unsichtbare Juden ( ) [R?thers 2010].     蠖  ,  ,  ,  , ..   ,  (  )    .   1980?         ,  :           ,     .          :    -    , 堖   堖      :     ,       . ߠ ,   .     ,       . ߠ       [Finkielkraut 1980: 13][17 - avec le juda?sme, javais re?u le plus beau cadeau dont puisse r?ver un enfant de lapr?s-gnocide. Jhritais dune souffrance que je ne subissais pas; du perscut je gardais le personnage mais je nendurais plus loppression. Je pouvais jouir en toute quitude dun destin exceptionnel.].

         , , ,  ,   .        ,  ,  [18 -          ,       . (   . [ 2014: 6269; 74f.]:        ,       ).               .    ,      , .: [Bachmann-Medick 1998: 2630]:      [Ibid: 28].]    . ,  . ,   1950?      :   , ,         , -  .            (proof for continuity),      [Zipperstein 1999: 5f., 1639][19 -      f. ( . folgende)      .].        :     蠖 ,  ,   ( )  , ,     .        [Aviv/Shneer 2005: 8].        -       ,  堖  .       ,      ,   蠖 ,    [Gruber 2002: 330].          ,      ,  ,         (filling in the blank spaces) [Ibid: 9][20 -      ,     ,     , Ostjude,    XIX          .             -   ,   ,         (jewish revival).         , ,    1940?:     .  ,       [R?thers 2010: 84].].

       ,      , -   ,         XX.     ,     ,   .         ,      1905?1917 [Krutikov 2001: 115117][21 -      1905   ,   ,        ꠫   [Krutikov 2001: 115].],  ,   ,,  20002010?.         /         .

       ,  ,    - ,  , -, ,  .      , ,  .          ,          ,   ,         .

  ,  ,    ,      ,    .        ,                  .




- 


   ,  ,     , 頖   , ()  ,      ,   .            . ߠ       ,    ,     ,            :     ,     [/ 1977].    [],           ,          .            ,           [/ 2004].        ,    ,   .          ,     - .      (  )  ,    1977   [22 - . ,  2012  ,         [Frank et al. 2012].]:     ࠖ  -   ,   ,    . ,   ,    /, -/-, / [Lachmann 2012: 114].

                ,         (   )       .          [ 1993: 3139].         ,     ,   .        ,  ,   ,   :   []    ,      [: 42].    1970?           :      [ 1996: 283].        :   렖  ,         [][23 -       ,    . , -           [ 1996: 182191],     [: 193194].  2      [: 230].]. ߠ  ,    ;   ⠫  [24 -             [: 228].     [ 1993: 231].] ,, ,  -      -,    .    ,  ,               ,     [25 - .    /,   : [Clark 1981/2000; G?nther 1984,  1996;  2003; Uffelmann 2010, . . 8].    ,           ;     ,    [ 1994: 347].      , , ,   [: 335].      ꠫    , .: [: 380]. Π,           ,   [Uffelmann 2010: 727f.].].

     ,   -   ,   ,  ()    . ,        [ 1993: 58]  ,        ,       [26 - Π -    .   : [Posner 1991].      - ,           [Ibid: 57].]. ʠ      ,    (Gesamtkunstwerk) [ 2003],           [27 - .    : [ 2005: 69].]        .      ,   , ,       ,    () ,  ,    :   []      ,    [ 2005: 71][28 - .    :    ,      [Zimmermann 2007: 18].].         ,                ,   [: 91][29 -   1980?           ,      ,   .       ,  ,   [ 2003: 135].         [ 2008:11]. .  -   : ,  :       [ 2008: ix].].

         1920?  1930?,       ,    ,     [Clark 2003: 2],        .           .   ,   堖-  /, /, / [. Clark 2003][30 - Π          1920? 1930? .: [ 1996: 107115] [Boym 2001: 9798].]     ,     .          ,   ,  ,   ( )     .    ,    -       .       -    (,    ,  )  (  : , , )[31 - ., : [ 1995] [ 2003];     .  : [Hausbacher 2009: 6768].]     :     ,    (additum) [Kissel/Uffelmann 1999: 24]    ,   ,   .       ,  ,     , ,     -  (.  :   , .241).        ,        [ 2008: xvii],      ,   , .

       蠖  ⠖     .               (  - ):  , ,    ,    .    ,  ,    ;     , , ,    [Kharkhordin 1999: 315].            ,   .        :     ,       ,      .             [Oushakine 2001: 206207].     :       .          ,   . []     ,    ,     [Rolf 2010: 184185].

       ,     - ,        -  (  . ).              .            [Kissel 2010: 166],   -    /       ,    .

    ࠖ       ,       .    ,      ,  :   , []    (: ...)   ? [Butler 1991: 23].           ,  ?         ? Ƞ     ?[32 -       , , ,      - ,    ,      .]         ,        :    ,     [Ibid: 49].           [33 -     70?      [ 2008: 8990].]      ,     ,  ,        .   ,  ,     .   -    ,                    ,      [Bodin 2009: 31];    /    [Ibid: 56].         ,    蠫 .         -:



   ??????      .    ?????,   ,    󠖠,  .      ,   .            .     ,      [Boym 2001: xviii].


  ,       ,        [34 - .    :    []   []     [ 2003: 102].],      , , .                 ,  .      蠄  (spatialize time) [ 2019: 118].        ,    ,     .

     ,     ,         (      ).  ,    ,     ,    .  ( )         , ,  ,   .  , ()    ,          ,     .        ,         .




- 


   ,     ,   ,       :  -     ,      [35 -     ,    ,            [ 2014: 7475].  , ,       [ 1993: 226].].    [ 2002: 8]            19601980?.

          ,      ,   ,  ,  ,    (. [ 2001: 242], [ 2002: 82], [ 2008: 8990], [Sabbatini 2011: 311345], [ 2014: 314315]).       (alternative approach to culture) [Sabbatini 2011: 341]      .         .  -   (7080 . ՠ.) [ 1994],  ,    ,         [36 - Π           .   : [Panchenko 2012].].  ,          [37 -      ,     - ,    ,       :    ,     -  .       , -   [ 1991: 15].].

       , ,      1950?⠖   ,      . ,          [38 -              .  ,               ( .   :     , .345).].            ,              [39 - .:      []   ;        ,            20 [Belaia 1992: 16].].  ,      ,  ,          [40 - Ѡ1960?          .  , ,  ,    1944    .       ,    ,     (2011, .   ).        ,  .   頖   ,  ,  ,     .              ,   :     ,      .      ,       ,   []    .],    [41 - Π-  ()  .  : [Smola 2016] [ 2017a].].   ,  렖  [Roi 2012a: 29]1960?      ,    .

   1960?    -      : ,    .       蠖 ,     ,      1980?.         ,   , ,    .  ,    ,     ,     ,   ,   ,   - ,     .

  ,   , ,    -  (.: [Komaromi 2012a; Kind-Kovcs/Labov 2013;  2013; Alber/Stegman 2016]),          .     1970?    , ,   [42 - .   (. 43) 蠫 -  (. 81).],      ,      ,     ,    ,    [43 -   ,     .], ,,        .         ,  , ( )     ,   ,      ⠖ [44 -        , ,   The Jewish Movement in the Soviet Union     [Roi 2012].].    ,  ,      ,             ,      .          [45 - Π     .: [Charny 2012: 304333].],          렖  ,   ࠖ 蠖 ,  ,  ,   [46 -         :  ,      , 蠖     [ 1989: 223].].      :              ,        [Hoffman 1991: 90].      ,         [47 -  ,   ?                ,  ,     -   (  ,  ,  ).],      :     .     ,        /      . ,     1950?         ,         .       ,   ,        [ 2013: 236]. ,      ,         []. ,           [48 - Π   .: [Smola 2018a; Smola 2018b].].       :  () ,        ,  ,  ,        ,      .

              .         ,            [Kantor-Kazovsky 2008: 109].   ࠖ       .       .   ,    ,        -  ,   .            [Baigell 2010: 259260].            ,     ,     [Ibid: 261262].         - ,      ;     1972 ,   ,     (.  :  , .151).         ,       ,     [49 -    //  . 11. 2015 [https://la-belaga.livejournal.com/821989.html].].  ,      ,        1920? [Roi 2012a: 33].

  ,      ,   ,       .       ,   ,  ,    [Hoffman 2012: 235236],    ,    :     ,   ,   ,  ,  ,      ,     ,     -,       蠫 [Hoffman 1991: 90] (.     : , .119).          (1958)   [Ibid: 91]  ,          ,   ,  ,   .

   ⠫      , , ,   ,     1950?   1980?.     ,  , . ( ),    𠖠    ,  ,  ,    .  ,    ,    ,   , ,       .          , ,     [].

    .     -   (1984)   -[50 - - 1972     ,  ,  ,      .    -         ,   - .],   -: -, , ,  ,  ,     [- 1992: 235].       (1984)      蠫 -;      (1985)      . Ӡ, ,     ,  ,      ,        .

          ,     , ,     .             ,   /     .




 () ()


        .  19301940?  -     ,        :          .           .     ,  1941,     ,  ,          ,    ,         (.: [ 1999: 165168]).       ,   Ostjuden (  ),   ,        ࠖ   .              ,        .        :  , ,  ,    :



    ,   , ;    ,   , ,  ,      ;  []    ,    ,  :   ,   򠖠  ! [ 1995: 45]


               lingua franca.        -        ,  .        :  -   ,      (.  , .64).           1960?  ()  ,   蠫  .    ,     ,     .    [51 -        ,        ,     ,   ,     .   .    1992        ,      ,     ,      .  , /              ,  .            (.: [ 2017a]).]        ,   .     ,     .  ,    ,            .

         ⠖  , ,  1920?,            .       ࠖ,     :    (      )     , ,  .              䠖   ,    .          ,               .      젖            -   .




 1.  





  ȠŠ


  -    .       :  ,       19601980?      1990?, 2000? 2010?,          .

    ,    ,     ,    . ʠ     ( ): Nakhimovsky 1992 (. 35); Genzeleva 1994; Sicher 1995 (. 36);  1997; Koschmal 1997;  1999 (. 1); Dohrn 1999; Wisse 2000; Gr?bel 2002 Tippner 2008. ,     2000 [ 2008]     ,   ,    .            ,  ,    蠫,     蠫       -  [52 -           ,   ,         .].

                 .             XIXXX,   -   ,  .    ,        : -   (Russian-Jewish Literature and Identity) [Nakhimovsky 1992];      ࠄ   蠄  (Jewish Experience and Identity in Vasilii Grossmans Novels Za Pravoe Delo and Zhizn i Sudba) [Genzeleva 1994] 蠫   [ 1999];    .        (Erinnerung um die Jahrtausendwende. Vergangenheit und Identit?t bei j?dischen Autoren der Nachkriegsgeneration) [Lorenz 2002];       (Constructing Jewish Identity in Contemporary Russian Fiction) [Krutikov 2003];  .      (Odcienie tozsamosci. Literatura zydowska jako zjawisko wielojezyczne) [Adamczyk-Garbowska 2004];    :   [ 2004];  .       [ 2004] 蠫 .    -   (Emigration und Heimkehr. Identit?tserz?hlungen in der russisch-j?dischen Literatur der Diaspora) [Parnell 2006];    .      :  - (Identit?t durch Literatur. ?ber den Begr?nder der modernen jiddischen Literatur: Mendele Mocher Sforim) [Gelhard 2005];  .      (Bewegung und Benennung. J?dische Identit?t bei Ilja Erenburg) [Tippner 2008][53 -        : [Gitelman 1991; Zipperstein 1999; Jasper 2004; Gladilina/Brovkine 2004; Caspi et al. 2006; Remennick 2004 2007].].

           - ,     ,    ,      XXࠖ     : , , , , , , -, , .     ,         [54 - ., , ,  ø  .  :  ࠖ .  -   XIX   (Yvonne Kleinmann, Neue Orteneue Menschen. J?dische Lebensformen in St. Petersburg und Moskau im 19. Jahrhundert, 2006) 蠫 .     XIX XX.   (Alexis Hofmeister, Selbstorganisation und B?rgerlichkeit. J?disches Vereinswesen in Odessa um 1900, 2007).],     ,          [55 -             : .  .  ,   (Jewish Topographies. Visions of Space, Traditions of Place) [Lipphardt et al. 2008]; Jewish spaces.      (Jewish Spaces. Die Kategorie Raum im Kontext kultureller Identit?ten) [Ernst/Lamprecht 2010];      .    (J?dische R?ume und Topographien in Ost(mittel)europa. Konstruktionen in Literatur und Kultur) [Smola/Terpitz 2014].].        .

   -  1980?   ,      (.      蠄    [ 2003,   1984]),     ()   [Koschmal 1997].  ,          ,  ,      㠖 蠫,     .         ,    [56 -         , , ,    [Koschmal 1997: 326].],  -    .  .     ,    : ,       , , ,    (..   ) [Gr?bel 2002].      (     )       , ,   ,      [Dohrn 1999][57 -                  .].

    ,       -         [58 - ., : [Yerushalmi 1988; Schatzker 1995; M?nz 1996; Zipperstein 1999; Lorenz 2002; Heftrich/Gr?ner 2004; Banasch 2005; Gr?ner 2006; Woldan 2006; Sandberg 2007; Lipphardt 2008].].     ,  ,       (., : [Woldan 2006])[59 -          .                [Woldan 2006: 323].].

  ,     [60 - ., : [Gitelman 1991 2003; Krupnik 1995; Blank 1995; Friedgut 2003; Armborst 2004; Beizer 2004;  2005].]        - .         ,          -,     ()  .    1990? , ,        (,             )[61 - ., : [Shmeruk 1991; Pinkus 1994; Chernin 1995;  2008].]       ()  .      ,     .     :       [Gitelman 1991; Chernin 1995;  2008 2009; Roi 2012b];     [Altman 2006; Gr?ner 2006; Lipphardt 2008];     ,    [Pinkus 1994; Beizer 2004 2018; Komaromi 2012b];       [Tsigelman 1991; Govrin 1995; Kagedan 1995; Krupnik 1995; Friedgut 2003];      19601980? [Tsigelman 1991;  1999; F?rst 2012; Smola 2011b 2014a];   19701990? (, [Markowitz 1995]),    (, [Remennick 2007]).

       ,                .

    ,     ,       19451988 [Pinkus 1994].    1940?       ( .),   ,    ,  1950?  ,  1960? 1970?   ,     蠫   ,       .  ,               ,     .           ,        ,    ,       .

 ࠖ          (c    1980?)         [Gr?ner 2006].   ,  ,    [62 -   .: [Gitelman 1998].],    :     ,        ,     蠫   .

  ,         (19531970)[63 -   ,  1983,       (1997).],           ,  ,    (   )  [ 1997].         軠  (1945),    (1947)  ,  (1954) 蠫, ,  (19601965)  ,     (1967) 蠫 (1967)[64 -   ,  ,      ,      ,         ,   .].

 ࠖ      ,      1970? [Friedberg 1972].      ,        ,            (        ⠫     ⠫).  ,      1950?   ,    ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    [65 -     -  [Walter 1985],          1980?.     ,  -,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    .].

,    ,        .     ⠖ ⠖    . Ѡ 1980?           ;  , : Torpusman 1993; Blank 1995; Markowitz 1995; Schoeps et al. 1996; Waldhans-Nys 1996; Gitelman 2003; Rossman 2002; Oks 2004; Fialkova/Yelenevskaya 2004 Remennick 2007.




 








Π  -     [66 - ߠ  ,        .].    .  1992      . -  : , , , , ,  (Alice S.Nakhimovsky, Russian-Jewish Literature and Identity: Jabotinsky, Babel, Grossman, Galich, Roziner, Markish); 1999?젖 -      ; 2008?젖      . -     (Olaf Terpitz, Die R?ckkehr des ?tetl. Russisch-j?dische Literatur der sp?ten Sowjetzeit), 2011?젖        .     (Harriet Murav, Music from a Speeding Train. Jewish Literature in Post-Revolution Russia).   ,   ,          1960?[67 -                :     (Nostalgia for a Foreign Land: Studies in Russian-Language Literature in Israel) [Katsman 2016]. .  : [Smola 2018c].].

 , 20002010?      , ,   .        (2004)  ,     (2003)   蠫ߠ   , -:  .    (2011)   (Marat Grinberg, Iam to be read not from left to right, but in Jewish: from right to left. The Poetics of Boris Slutsky).

          -   ,            ,  ,   .  ,        ,    ,     ,   ,         .

          .

        1910?  1980?:      .       ,          ,     .           ,   1950?          ,          .   ,    ,         (little internal meaning) [Nakhimovsky 1992: 37]; ,       .  , -      .

   ,    ,   .        ,   . [] []      , ,   [Ibid: 108].    , ,    ,       ,      .     ,    ,        .

       (1975),   ,    ,  ,      ,     .    ,   -  ,   ,  ,   ,   , ,    .   ,      -  ,   ,      ,     .           . ,  ,      ,        - .       ,     :  ,  ,  𠖠     .  ,  ࠖ   - ,     [Ibid: 190].

               . ,   ()              .

      1930?  1990?          ,  ,    .    ,   -   1967,    ,      (primordial ethnicity)  ,   ,      (instrumental ethnicity).   -     ,  ,  ,  [ 1999: 715],     :          (         )[68 - Ӡ ,   ( ,    )      ,     .        ,  ,   .            ,      ,              ,    .          ,  .].

   , ,  ,      ( ),   .        ,    ,  , ,  . Ѡ-           : ,  .                . ,  1930?           ,       .    1960?,     ,       ,           .    :             ,   ,     [: 125][69 -       .: [ 1999: 157207].].

 ,          ,       .              -   .

    ,      -   .      ,  ,      ,      :          ,       [].      ,  ,     [Terpitz 2008:9]. ,            XX [Ibid: 15].         : ,   ,      ,     . [Ibid: 2225].

 ,        - ,         .      ,   ,       :    頖 蠫黠  [Ibid: 164],            .     (,  , 1941),     ,        ,    ,    [Ibid: 180181],    (1971)     ,      [Ibid: 195].     ,        ,  .               ,          [Ibid: 247][70 -   ,   ,     ,  ,    ,      [Terpitz 2008: 248].          (conditio humana) [Ibid], ,   ,  -   ,   ,        (      )        , ,  .      ,       .].

 ,            .             : ,          .      ,            .




   


            [Parnell 2002, 2004, 2006;  2004a, 2004],      蠫     : ,  ,    [Parnell 2002: 213].     ,  ,    ,    ( ,  ,  ),  ( )  ( .,  .) .              ⠖ ,    (),   , ,  , -    .

        ,      ,     [Ibid: 207].          (1994)   (1993)    .                  :    ,  ,    , ..    [Ibid: 213].     ⠖  ,   ,   ࠖ  .    ,      .  ,   ,        :     [] []       (     ),        ,     [Ibid: 221].

          ,       : -- [71 -      -   , , :         [Parnell 2006: 163]. ,      [ 2004]  ,    , ,        ,    .       ,    ,              .]     [ 2004a].   ,        (, ,  )   .  ,    ,   :        ,      堖 (. : [Parnell 2006: 147]).    ,  ,   .      ࠖ      ,      [Ibid].

           .           ,     ,   ,   ,    ,   [Hausbacher 2006: 251],     [Hausbacher 2009: 57] -    .  ,    ,   :    ?[72 - ,         [Lubrich 2005],     .].        -       , ,      ,       [Ibid: 259].    ,     ,  ,  (),          [73 -      : [Smola 2013a].].       ,            .  ,  [74 -         蠫    .]  . ,    ࠖ              :          (in-between space)     . ,     ,       ,      (.  ).

        ,          (.  mimic man:    , .370)     ,     .         :    ,      [Hausbacher 2009: 259].       ,  ,     (  ) :    -,      [Ibid: 141],      (.: [Ibid: 139144]).

      , -         ,  ,  ,   .  , -          ,       .      ,   ,  -  , ,  ,   ,  (    )     -    .            ,  .     ,    (1975)  蠫  (1993) ,       :         蠖     .  ,     ,       ,   ,   ,       ,      .     -      , , ,     ,   , -,   ,     [Krutikov 2003: 271][75 -     -       [Krutikov 2003: 265267].].

       ,     1994 Π    [ 1997],    :   ,  -        [: 198].       ,   ( ...)  ;  1930?         [: 203].  -    1940,   .       :         ,       [: 206][76 -    , -  ,      ,    ,   .           :    -     ,  -? [: 208].].     ,        , ,   [].

     [77 -       :  , 頖 ,   [ 2003: 437].],     ,      ,, ,   .               .   ,     -       .




 Ƞ





 


   ,          .    , 19501980?         ,   .            ,      [78 - Π        .: [Estraikh 2008;  2009]; -     .: [Murav 2011].]. ,         ,     ,   .      蠄   [Murav 2011: 2].          1990?,      ,           ,       ,   .    (1967) 蠫    (1978),          (1979),    (1983) 蠫   (1985)   .     ,           ,    ,   , ,    ,  ,  ,   [Terpitz 2008: 34].   ,   , , ,    ,           ,    -  .  -       , ,  [Ibid].




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=65854317)  .

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notes



1


.    (reinvention) (  : ) 蠫 (re-creation)  [ 2010: 1920]. Π   . : [Hobsbawm 1983].




2


     (    )  -,     ,        .




3


.    - [Goodman-Thau 2002]  [Kilcher 1998] : [Gelhard 2008: 49].




4


all acts of mediation, negotiation, and translating [Slezkine 2004: 20].




5


How does one mediate the past for the world of the present? [Holtz 1992:377].




6


      ,   ɠ   [Ibid].              [Boyarin 1990: 111].




7


Π,     .: [Smola 2004: 1342].




8


  ,          ,  , ,   [Gelhard 2008: 78].




9


ߠ   ,   ,   -      ,          ,  ,  .




10


     1981      Prooftexts: AJournal of Jewish Literary History.   prooftexts (, ),         ,       :    ,       .    ,   ,       ,    .       ,      ,   ,      .




11


           [Solotorevsky 1986: 253264].




12


.    -:    : - (.402).




13


.       (pre-established forms)   [Hirsch 2008: 120].    ,    ,     [: 106].




14


 (. )       . Ѡ         -,     .     ,              .    仠     .        .




15


  (  )    (),       ,  蠖.




16


  ,      XIX       -  [Assmann 1999a: 169171].




17


avec le juda?sme, javais re?u le plus beau cadeau dont puisse r?ver un enfant de lapr?s-gnocide. Jhritais dune souffrance que je ne subissais pas; du perscut je gardais le personnage mais je nendurais plus loppression. Je pouvais jouir en toute quitude dun destin exceptionnel.




18


         ,       . (   . [ 2014: 6269; 74f.]:        ,       ).               .    ,      , .: [Bachmann-Medick 1998: 2630]:      [Ibid: 28].




19


     f. ( . folgende)      .




20


     ,     ,     , Ostjude,    XIX          .             -   ,   ,         (jewish revival).         , ,    1940?:     .  ,       [R?thers 2010: 84].




21


     1905   ,   ,        ꠫   [Krutikov 2001: 115].




22


. ,  2012  ,         [Frank et al. 2012].




23


      ,    . , -           [ 1996: 182191],     [: 193194].  2      [: 230].




24


            [: 228].     [ 1993: 231].




25


.    /,   : [Clark 1981/2000; G?nther 1984,  1996;  2003; Uffelmann 2010, . . 8].    ,           ;     ,    [ 1994: 347].      , , ,   [: 335].      ꠫    , .: [: 380]. Π,           ,   [Uffelmann 2010: 727f.].




26


Π -    .   : [Posner 1991].      - ,           [Ibid: 57].




27


.    : [ 2005: 69].




28


.    :    ,      [Zimmermann 2007: 18].




29


  1980?           ,      ,   .       ,  ,   [ 2003: 135].         [ 2008:11]. .  -   : ,  :       [ 2008: ix].




30


Π          1920? 1930? .: [ 1996: 107115] [Boym 2001: 9798].




31


., : [ 1995] [ 2003];     .  : [Hausbacher 2009: 6768].




32


      , , ,      - ,    ,      .




33


    70?      [ 2008: 8990].




34


.    :    []   []     [ 2003: 102].




35


    ,    ,            [ 2014: 7475].  , ,       [ 1993: 226].




36


Π           .   : [Panchenko 2012].




37


     ,     - ,    ,       :    ,     -  .       , -   [ 1991: 15].




38


             .  ,               ( .   :     , .345).




39


.:      []   ;        ,            20 [Belaia 1992: 16].




40


Ѡ1960?          .  , ,  ,    1944    .       ,    ,     (2011, .   ).        ,  .   頖   ,  ,  ,     .              ,   :     ,      .      ,       ,   []    .




41


Π-  ()  .  : [Smola 2016] [ 2017a].




42


.   (. 43) 蠫 -  (. 81).




43


  ,     .




44


       , ,   The Jewish Movement in the Soviet Union     [Roi 2012].




45


Π     .: [Charny 2012: 304333].




46


        :  ,      , 蠖     [ 1989: 223].




47


 ,   ?                ,  ,     -   (  ,  ,  ).




48


Π   .: [Smola 2018a; Smola 2018b].




49


   //  . 11. 2015 [https://la-belaga.livejournal.com/821989.html].




50


- 1972     ,  ,  ,      .    -         ,   - .




51


       ,        ,     ,   ,     .   .    1992        ,      ,     ,      .  , /              ,  .            (.: [ 2017a]).




52


          ,   ,         .




53


       : [Gitelman 1991; Zipperstein 1999; Jasper 2004; Gladilina/Brovkine 2004; Caspi et al. 2006; Remennick 2004 2007].




54


., , ,  ø  .  :  ࠖ .  -   XIX   (Yvonne Kleinmann, Neue Orteneue Menschen. J?dische Lebensformen in St. Petersburg und Moskau im 19. Jahrhundert, 2006) 蠫 .     XIX XX.   (Alexis Hofmeister, Selbstorganisation und B?rgerlichkeit. J?disches Vereinswesen in Odessa um 1900, 2007).




55


            : .  .  ,   (Jewish Topographies. Visions of Space, Traditions of Place) [Lipphardt et al. 2008]; Jewish spaces.      (Jewish Spaces. Die Kategorie Raum im Kontext kultureller Identit?ten) [Ernst/Lamprecht 2010];      .    (J?dische R?ume und Topographien in Ost(mittel)europa. Konstruktionen in Literatur und Kultur) [Smola/Terpitz 2014].




56


        , , ,    [Koschmal 1997: 326].




57


                 .




58


., : [Yerushalmi 1988; Schatzker 1995; M?nz 1996; Zipperstein 1999; Lorenz 2002; Heftrich/Gr?ner 2004; Banasch 2005; Gr?ner 2006; Woldan 2006; Sandberg 2007; Lipphardt 2008].




59


         .                [Woldan 2006: 323].




60


., : [Gitelman 1991 2003; Krupnik 1995; Blank 1995; Friedgut 2003; Armborst 2004; Beizer 2004;  2005].




61


., : [Shmeruk 1991; Pinkus 1994; Chernin 1995;  2008].




62


  .: [Gitelman 1998].




63


  ,  1983,       (1997).




64


  ,  ,      ,      ,         ,   .




65


    -  [Walter 1985],          1980?.     ,  -,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    .




66


ߠ  ,        .




67


               :     (Nostalgia for a Foreign Land: Studies in Russian-Language Literature in Israel) [Katsman 2016]. .  : [Smola 2018c].




68


Ӡ ,   ( ,    )      ,     .        ,  ,   .            ,      ,              ,    .          ,  .




69


      .: [ 1999: 157207].




70


  ,   ,     ,  ,    ,      [Terpitz 2008: 248].          (conditio humana) [Ibid], ,   ,  -   ,   ,        (      )        , ,  .      ,       .




71


     -   , , :         [Parnell 2006: 163]. ,      [ 2004]  ,    , ,        ,    .       ,    ,              .




72


,         [Lubrich 2005],     .




73


     : [Smola 2013a].




74


        蠫    .




75


    -       [Krutikov 2003: 265267].




76


   , -  ,      ,    ,   .           :    -     ,  -? [: 208].




77


      :  , 頖 ,   [ 2003: 437].




78


Π        .: [Estraikh 2008;  2009]; -     .: [Murav 2011].


