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   ,    31  1956  1  1957 ,                  [1 -       .    .  (   ,   1959     ),  1946      ,   ,       ,              .     :   .   ,   ,        ,   ,     ,           ,     .     -       (. :  . . , , ,  // . .:  8 . ., 1965. . 8. . 447).  , , ,   . . .].         :     ,    ,          ,            .  ,  ,  ,          :       . ,   ,                       .       ,       ,         ,      :        .     ,  , ,          ,      .       - ,     ,        ,      .           ,    ,      .       ,        ,      ,       ,     .            ,    ,          [2 -  .   // . .:  9 . ., 1986. . 7. . 557.].

          ,   ,         .      ,       1930- ,     ,     ,                ,        ,     .                  ,     1940- .

       -    ,   39,25   ,         1959 [3 - Youngblood D. On the Cinema Front: Russian War Films, 19142005. Lawrence, 2007. P. 124.      .: Baraban E. The Fate of a Man by Sergei Bondarchuk and the Soviet Cinema of Trauma // The Slavic and East European Journal 51. 2007. 3. . 514534.].   1960          ,              1965    ;                            ,   -  .   1964         ,     ,     ,                 [4 - . 1965. 6;  1960. 9. . 7;  1965. 20. . 3233.           (. 1967. 5. . 2).].  ,     ,    :      ;   ,   ; ,        ,  ;    ,    ; ,           [5 -  .  . ., 1964.].    ,         ,   ,       ,        :     ,    ,     [6 -  .,  .       , , , . //  1965. 6. . 51.].           ,    ,          .

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 ,   ,        ,  ,     1945 .                      1970- ,       ,    ,         .    ,            ,     ,     ,       ,         [7 -         ,    : Russian Masculinities in History and Culture / Eds. B. Clements, R. Friedman, D. Heley. Basingstoke, 2001;  (n): .  / . . . ., 2002. . : Kukhterin S. Fathers and Patriarchs in Communist and Post-Communist Russia // Gender, State and Society in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia / Ed. S. Ashwin. London, 2000. . 7189; Healey D. Homosexual Desire in Revolutionary Russia: The Regulation of Sexual and Gender Dissent. London, 2001; Edele . Strange Young Men in Stalins Moscow: The Birth and Life of the Stiliagi, 19451953 // Jahrb?cher f?r Geschichte Osteuropas. 2002. 50. . 3761;  . .         //     :  1990- : .  . , 2003. . 4271;  .  :   //     :  1990- : .  . , 2003. . 276294;  .      :   . , 2005; Prokhorova . The Post-Utopian Body Politic: Masculinity and the Crisis of National Identity in Brezhnev-Era TV Miniseries // Gender and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Russian Culture. DeKalb, 2006. P. 131150; Field D. Private Life and Communist Morality in Khrushchevs Russia. New York, 2007; Bucher G. Stalinist Families: Motherhood, Fatherhood and Building the New Soviet Person // The Making of Russian History: Society, Culture, and the Politics of Modern Russia. Bloomington, 2009. P. 129152; Pollock E. Real Men Go to the Bania: Postwar Soviet Masculinities and the Bathhouse // Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2010. 1. . 4776; Bureychak T. Masculinity in Soviet and Post-Soviet Ukraine: Models and Their Implications // Gender, Politics, and Society in Ukraine. Toronto, 2012. P. 325361;  .   : , , .   . ., 2014.       . .  , : Haynes J. How the Soviet Man Was Unmade: Cultural Fantasy and Male Subjectivity under Stalin. Pittsburgh, 2008; Cinepaternity: Fathers and Sons in Soviet and Post-Soviet Film / Eds. H. Goscilo, Y. Hashamova. Bloomington, 2010.].             ,     ,              .  ,              ,    .       ,                   .

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         ,    ,                 .  ,  ,     1990- ,  ,   ,     ,    ,   ,   ,     ,         ,            ,  ,  ,  ,         [24 - ., : Clark K. The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual. Bloomington, 2000; Youngblood D. On the Cinema Front: Russian War Films, 19142005. Lawrence, 2007. .    : Reid S. 1) Stalins Women: Gender and Power in Soviet Art of the 1930s // Slavic Review. 1998. Vol. 57. 1. P. 137173; 2) Masters of the Earth: Gender and Destalinisation in the Soviet Reformist Painting of the Khrushchev Thaw // Gender and History. 1999. Vol. 11. 7. P. 276312; 3) Socialist Realism in the Stalinist Terror: The Industry of Socialist Art Exhibition, 193541 // Russian Review. 2001. Vol. 60. 2. . 153184; 4) Modernizing Socialist Realism in the Khrushchev Thaw: The Struggle for a Contemporary Style in Soviet Art // The Dilemmas of De-Stalinization: Negotiating Cultural and Social Change in the Khrushchev Era. New York, 2006. P. 209230.].          ,      1956  ,         ,    .         ,         ,        .         ,   ,         , ,            [25 -    .              .: Jones P. Myth, Memory, Trauma: Rethinking the Stalinist past in the Soviet Union, 195370. London, 2013.  . 173211.].

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                  .    ,    , ,      ,       1930- ,   -        ,    ,   (fictitious) ,     [27 - Guldberg J. Socialist Realism as Institutional Practice: Observations of the Interpretation of Works of Art in the Stalin Period. // The Culture of the Stalin Period / Ed. H. G?nther. London, 1990. P. 150.].   ,    :   ,                  ,           .    ,    ,      ,     , ,            .       ,                     , ,      ,   ,        .           ,       ,   ,             .    ,     (      )  ,           19501960-              .

                1965 ,                      .         19601970-         .          ,  ,        ,   1965 ,   1947 ,         . ,          ,                    .      ,     19401950- ,           .      :               ,           ,    1960-      [28 - Jones P. Myth, Memory, Trauma: Rethinking the Stalinist past in the Soviet Union, 195370. London, 2013. . 212258.].      , ,    ,       ,                  ,       1940- [29 - Edele . Soviet Veterans of the Second World War: A Popular Movement in an Authoritarian Society, 19141941. Oxford, 2008. . 185214.].           ,      ,           [30 - .   Tumarkin N. The Living & the Dead: The Rise and Fall of the Cult of World War II in Russia. New York, 1994.].

  ,            ,  ,     ,     .             ,        . , ,  ,                    .     , ,    ,       ,        ,         ,  - .               ,     ,     .




  :      


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        :         -   ,   ,     .                  .       : ,   ,    ,       .              . ,            .  ,            ,         ,     .        ,      ,             .     -       ,             .

        .      ,   1960     ,        ,       2   (.  1). ,            ,           90        ,  ,         [32 -      ,              ,   ,     .         . : Brooks J. When Russia Learned to Read: Literacy and Popular Literature, 18611917. Princeton, 1985.].  3824 ,   ,    1950- ,       15%  [33 -      ,  : Utechin S. V. Everymans Concise Encyclopaedia of Russia. London, 1961. P. 436.  ,   1955       1  .      ,   1958 ,  637  .].            1923 ,  -     ,     1945           ,         .   1950-     ,                    ,  .        ,      ,      .              ,       .



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            ,        -      [34 -     .: Bourdieu P. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Padstow, 1994;  .        //  .  . ., 1996.].   ,    ,     ,    ,        .       19501960-       ,        .                   ,    ,     ,     ,        .            ,           .         :    ,        ,                ,        ,  ,   .   ,   ,      ,    - . ,        :        (      1965 )  ,           .

               , ,   XIX .    XIX      .              ,    ,       .                      .     1960-      ,      [35 -        19501960-  . Werneke J. Photography in the Late Soviet Period, the SSOD, and Official Photo Exchanges // Vestnik: The Journal of Russian and Asian Studies. 2015. August ( : http://www.sras.org/photography_late_soviet_period.    30.04.2017).],      .       ?          ,    .          ,    ,        [36 - ., :  .    // . 1961. 21;  .   110-   . . 1958. 20;  .    // . 1967. 25;  .   //  . 1965. 1.],  ,     ,   .    -       .                ,   ,      ,       1944            .          ,   ,    [37 -      // . 1944. 5;  .    //  . 1944. 5;  100-    . .  // . 1944. 5;  .    // . 1944. 5.].             ,           1899          (18901891)[38 -  . . . . . 107.         . ., : . 1953. 48.   1617  . 1961. 33.   1617.].  XIX      .   ,   -       ,         ,      .    ,         [39 -    XIX      ,        ,         .        :  .   . ., 2007.].

       ,      ,       .     ,   (    )    ;             ,            .                 ,      (      ,      ).   1960-          ,    ,  .         ,  ,             ,                     .

          .     ,     ,       (             ),                  .         ,             ,    .         ,            ,      .            ,                     (1964),       .                ,      ,    ,                 .               ,        ,            . ,               ,      (    ),     ,      ,      ,    . ,            , ,    ,    ,           ,        ,         .




  


                       1946 .          , ,       ,         -:      [ ]         .      :     ,   [40 - Soviet War News       ,   1942 ;   The Soviet Weekly (  1991 ).       ,   . . .],[41 - Stonov D. Sunday at the Tretyakov Art Gallery // Soviet News. 1946. April 15. P. 4.].  ,    ,       ,         ,     , , ,   ,   1945 ,        .        ,                ,    , ,    ,            .

     ,                 .               1945 :  ,     ,      .

     ,      .     ,              -               ,       .    1950-      ,          :  -     ,               .       -      :     ,       1930- . ,         ,     1960- ,    -   ,   1945 ,      ,  ,        . ,            1965 ,     .

        .     ,         .     ,          .   , ,    1953 ,      ,   -     .  ,           ,  ,             .  ,      ,  ,         ,         1960-         ,          .      ,     ,    ,      ,  ,               ,  ,          .                  ,    1945 .  ,             .

  ,   ,         ,            ,     ,            .             1930- ,            ,         .               .     ,         ,         .  , ,            1930- ,  1945   ,  ,                  .                , , ,     ,   , ,            ,          .              ,  1953     ,                   ,          .        , ,                  1950-    ,     ,      .                 ,                        .




 I






       

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  1945 


                :    ,         ,  ,       ,     ,        [46 -        : Fitzpatrick S. The Civil War as a Formative Experience // Bolshevik Culture: Experiment and Order in the Russian Revolution. Bloomington, 1985. P. 5776.].     ,        :   ,    ,         .       ,    ,         ,       .

 ,        ,     .          ,  ! (1933),       ,       (1927),  ,    ,   .           ,   ,          ,        .  ,         ,             .




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notes



1


      .    .  (   ,   1959     ),  1946      ,   ,       ,              .     :   .   ,   ,        ,   ,     ,           ,     .     -       (. :  . . , , ,  // . .:  8 . ., 1965. . 8. . 447).  , , ,   . . .




2


 .   // . .:  9 . ., 1986. . 7. . 557.




3


Youngblood D. On the Cinema Front: Russian War Films, 19142005. Lawrence, 2007. P. 124.      .: Baraban E. The Fate of a Man by Sergei Bondarchuk and the Soviet Cinema of Trauma // The Slavic and East European Journal 51. 2007. 3. . 514534.




4


. 1965. 6;  1960. 9. . 7;  1965. 20. . 3233.           (. 1967. 5. . 2).




5


 .  . ., 1964.




6


 .,  .       , , , . //  1965. 6. . 51.




7


        ,    : Russian Masculinities in History and Culture / Eds. B. Clements, R. Friedman, D. Heley. Basingstoke, 2001;  (n): .  / . . . ., 2002. . : Kukhterin S. Fathers and Patriarchs in Communist and Post-Communist Russia // Gender, State and Society in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia / Ed. S. Ashwin. London, 2000. . 7189; Healey D. Homosexual Desire in Revolutionary Russia: The Regulation of Sexual and Gender Dissent. London, 2001; Edele . Strange Young Men in Stalins Moscow: The Birth and Life of the Stiliagi, 19451953 // Jahrb?cher f?r Geschichte Osteuropas. 2002. 50. . 3761;  . .         //     :  1990- : .  . , 2003. . 4271;  .  :   //     :  1990- : .  . , 2003. . 276294;  .      :   . , 2005; Prokhorova . The Post-Utopian Body Politic: Masculinity and the Crisis of National Identity in Brezhnev-Era TV Miniseries // Gender and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Russian Culture. DeKalb, 2006. P. 131150; Field D. Private Life and Communist Morality in Khrushchevs Russia. New York, 2007; Bucher G. Stalinist Families: Motherhood, Fatherhood and Building the New Soviet Person // The Making of Russian History: Society, Culture, and the Politics of Modern Russia. Bloomington, 2009. P. 129152; Pollock E. Real Men Go to the Bania: Postwar Soviet Masculinities and the Bathhouse // Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2010. 1. . 4776; Bureychak T. Masculinity in Soviet and Post-Soviet Ukraine: Models and Their Implications // Gender, Politics, and Society in Ukraine. Toronto, 2012. P. 325361;  .   : , , .   . ., 2014.       . .  , : Haynes J. How the Soviet Man Was Unmade: Cultural Fantasy and Male Subjectivity under Stalin. Pittsburgh, 2008; Cinepaternity: Fathers and Sons in Soviet and Post-Soviet Film / Eds. H. Goscilo, Y. Hashamova. Bloomington, 2010.




8


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. : Bailes K. E. Alexei Gastev and the Soviet Controversy over Taylorism, 191824 // Soviet Studies. 1977. Vol. 29. 3. P. 387.




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14


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     ,    .: Petrone . Life Has Become More Joyous, Comrades: Celebrations in the Time of Stalin. Bloomington, 2000.




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26


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