 Reset.         
 


  
    ,   ,     .          ,    ,               .    ,          .

         :  (https://journal.litres.ru/v-chem-ih-fenomen-5-legendarnyh-kompyuternyh-igr-kotorye-izmenili-mirovuyu-kulturu/)

  PDF A4   .





 

 Reset

        



Jason Schreier

PRESS RESET: Ruin and Recovery in the Video Game Industry

Press Reset  Jason Schreier  2021

This edition published by arrangement with InkWell Management LLC and Synopsis Literary Agency

  

    ,  ,     



   



 ..,    , 2021

 .   , 2021


* * *


 .   










  ,        .   , ,    ,   ,    -      .  1970-     ,   2020-     , ,    .  2021         180    .      -:  Fortnite,      ,    Nintendo Direct,            .

    .  ,     ,    .   Far Side 90-    ,        Super Mario Bros.,        ,     .     ,     Nintendo     ,    .           .        ,        :  ,  ,  .  ,           .

-        -     ,       .       - .     .   ,     ,    .     ,   .          -.          ,    ,   ,    .     ,    ,         .    ?

,        ,    .      ,      -            E3.               ,        ,   .      -,               ,       .                (        )         (     ).

  .   ,       ,        ,    . ,     . ,    ,        . ,         . ,       ,    ,  -   ,      .           ,         Activision.

 2017    International Game Developers Association      ,        .         2,2 (  3,6)   .           .   :      ,            .   ,   ,     .           GamesIndustry.biz    ,  -      2017    2018 ,  ,              .       ,   .

             ,       .  ,     2006 , ,     .    ,   ,           ,      ,     .   ,      ,     . ,    .

       :  ,    ,  .      ,          .   :     ,       .

 : ,     .     ,          ,      .      Take-Two  EA  ,   .       ,   ,           .      .        .  ,     ,       ,  .              ,       (   ).

   ,      ,   ?

          . ,     ,  Microsoft, Oculus  Riot,     .               .  2018       -:  ,             ,   .   ,   ,     :  ,     ,        .  ,     ,       ,   ,  . ,         .         [1 -                  (     Riot Games). . .].

 ,            ,      .  2014         ,           .    .        ,    ,  .    .       ,  ,    ,        .

 ,    ,       .         ?            ,      ?


* * *

       ,   ,   ,     .        .   :      .             . ,       ,  Pillars of Eternity,     Uncharted 4,       ,   ,    ,     .

      :         ?   ,    , ,             .  ,     ,    .          ?         ,    ?    , , , , ,   ,     ?      ?     ?   ?     ?








     ,      ,   ,  ,          ?







   ,  ,    .     ,      .          .     ,    .     ,      ,    ?      ,      ,   ,  ,          ?        ,    ,      ?

       ,    ,   .  ,     ?        ?      ?  ,        ?                ,       .        ,      .

      .  ,  ,     Irrational Games    ,   BioShock,    ,   .      -  2K Marin (BioShock2)  Visceral (Dead Space)     ,           .  ,        World of Warcraft         -  .   ,    Mythic    ,     .   ,      ,  ,    [2 -           .      ,    . . .].

  ,        ,      ,       :      ,  ,   Reset    . ,    . ,       .  , ,  -                    .     , , ,    .




1









    2005 ,    ,  - .    -           Disney  ,   ,     ,        .           ,       ,        .

        ,        .     .    ,    ,    ,       .         .        Deus Ex  ,   -    ,   RPG.    ,        ,    Deus Ex         2000 .      ,        [3 -       ,      . . .].      ,   ,        ,        Junction Point,    ,   .

                 ,        ,          .    :      ,         ,    .   ,     .  , ,     ,  .     ,           ,   .

     Disney.    :        ,     ,             .  Deus Ex   ,      ,     ,   .   , ,          .  , ,  Disney      ,       ,        ,      - .     ,      .    Sleeping Giants   RPG  ,   .           -  Ninja Gold     -    Necessary Evil. Deus Ex,       .  ,   Disney            .

   ,     ,  .     ,   ,    .  . ,   ,  ,      .

  ,  Disney . ,     ,      .      ,         .     , ,       ,   .              .   .

  ,    :

      ?    .

  ,  .

    -  Disney?

,  .   .   .

  ,    .       Warner Bros.,       .         ,             ,    .   Disney     : ,       ,       .

 ,    ,     ?


* * *

       ,          .    1955       -.        :   ,           .                   Dungeons & Dragons,     .     ,          ,     .       ,     ,    ,  .      .      , ,   .       ,  ,      ,          .

        ,   ,    .  -         :     .  ,  : ,      ?    .   .      ,    Steve Jackson Games    ,    .    . , ,  ,      ? ,  .      -,  .       .

 1983      Steve Jackson Games.        Toon,        ,       .       Austin Books    ,     .        ,   -         .   .      Steve Jackson Games,    1986          : TSR, - Dungeons & Dragons,      -       . ,       ,        NBA      .      :      -?   .   :      ,    : .         .      :           ,     .

-      .      ,   ,          .     .       .    ,   ,       ,    .       ,    ,  .      :       ,      ,     蓻.      .    ,                Origin Systems.

Origin       . ,    ,        .  1981    ,       :  Ultima    RPG,       ,    .   , ,    (       ),    ,                .     Ultima   ,       Origin      .

      ,      ,         [4 -  2008 ,      Space Adventures,       (   )  ,          Ultima. . .].      ,    ,     ,                 .  ,   -,          Origin.      ,  . ,       .      .  1989 ,     Origin,       Ultima   ,      -.   ( ,    )   ,  Origin        .

         .    ,      :         .      UltimaVI,        ,    ,    ,          1980    .  ,         Wing Commander    ,          .        [5 -      Star Citizen  ,   2012            300    ,      . . .].        ,        ,   ,  .

        Origin,     .     -:   ,     ,       ,  .      .  ,      .

   Origin,      ,   Looking Glass     .     .       ,       : Ultima Underworld  1992   System Shock   1995-.    :  Ultima Underworld    ,     System Shock     ,       . ,                    Dungeons & Dragons.        ,  ,  - .      ,   ,     .

 Ultima Underworld  System Shock      ,           ,  Fallout  The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild.    ,    ,            . ,     ,   .        .      . ,    ,         ,       .    ,       ,     .








,     ,   .        .      .







  1990-      .     [6 -   (theme park ride) :     ,  ,            .      ,    . ,      . . . .],      .         ,    ,    . ,              ,      Dungeons & Dragons.   :          ,   ,   ,       ,  .    .

Origin   ,       -     [7 -  1980-    90-     3,5-     .  Origin     ,       ,     .   1993       CD-.      Myst. . .].  1992           Electronic Arts (EA).        ,   .     ,  , EA         .     Origin  .       ,        ,  .     ,   1995      EA      ,  ,   Origin   .       ,  .    ,     Ultima, Origin        EA,              .

-       ,       .         EA,      ,  ,    ,  ,          ,   .  EA   ,  ,        .    :       .     ,  EA      ,       .     ,         ,      Origin   Wing Commander  .     .            ,     .        ,    ,  .   EA  :     ,          ,     10      100 ,    ?

 1996      EA,                  Looking Glass.        ,           .    Looking Glass     ,  ,      .   Looking Glass Austin,              .

        Junction Point: -  ,         ,    1996 .    ,  .  Looking Glass    ,                 .      ,  .  ,    - [8 - Looking Glass   2000            . ,   ,       ,  . . .].   1997         .      Looking Glass Austin     ,      . ( Junction Point    .)

    .            ,      Westwood   RPG       Command & Conquer (       EA).           .     Origin,    1988-,    ,     .           id Software,  ,      Doom, Quake  Wolfenstein 3D.  -              Ion Storm,              .

      Command & Conquer        .  ,    :    .                     ,    .       ,       ,  .    ,      .     ?

    Deus Ex.  Ultima Underworld  System Shock      , Deus Ex   .      ,      . RPG? ? ?

    .    -      ,   ,    ,      .    ,    ,     ,   .    ,       ,       ,   , ,     .  -      ,       -, ,  ,       .   .        ,       ,  .     ,      .

Deus Ex    2000     ,  ,             ,    . Deus Ex             .         Ion Storm   ,   2001     ,     [9 -   Ion Storm Dallas   ,       Daikatana (,       ).  -     :       .    . . .].     Deus Ex      Deus Ex: Invisible War,     ,    Thief    -,         Looking Glass.

       .    Deus Ex   Eidos  Ion Storm,    ,                EA.         ,     Eidos ,       .  :         ,  -   ,   ,  . (     ,  Rockstar   Red Dead Redemption.)    ,           .    : ,         ! ,  .

       .  ,      ,     :   .             ,   .       .                 ,  .         :         ,          ?

  ,      ,     ,     .    ,      .        ,        .     ,   .   ,     Ion Storm, :          ,    :    N+1  ,  N  , ,        쓻.

 2004 ,        Ion Storm Austin,   .           ,   .          ,      .   ,             ,  ,        - ,  ,   ,    .     ,     ,       .       ,         (  ),        ,      .         - ,        ,     ,     ?   :   ,   ,   ,   .     .    .     哻.

   Junction Point     ,      Looking Glass   ,   .            ,   ,     .  1990-        Looking Glass,       ,     Microsoft.           ,       PlayStation. ( .)        Creative Artists Agency,    .      ,     ,         ,     (Psychonauts, Grim Fandango)    (Oddworld).        .

  Junction Point     Majesco   Sleeping Giants      ,    .           .      ,   Majesco,    ,  ,       .    : --,      ?,  .   ,     .  ,          ,      . Junction Point  :       .               .  ,    ,   .   [10 -     ,   :       . . .].








  ,     .  ,          ,      .







   :    Valve Software      ,             Half-Life 2.    ,    .  ,   ,  .               .      -   ,       : Kickstarter, ,   .    2000-     .       ,  EA  Activision,           .

   :      ?            ?    ,      .


* * *

 - Disney     ,      :   .  ,     Disney  1991 ,      ,        .    Disney                 ,      .    2000-  Disney ,          ,       .    ,     Disney Interactive Studios,     .  2002       .

      ,       :  .   Disney     ,       Super Nintendo  Sega Genesis  90-,          .       ,       .   Disney           ,     .    Disney       ,  .       ,      ,        ,   .

    ,            2004 ,      Disney, ,   .    ,     ,             ( 90-!),      .          Ocarina of Time,   ,    [11 -          ,  Firewatch:    ,      .      Valve       Half-Life        . . .].     ,         Mickey Epic,        .      ,  -    ,            .           .

  ,          Disney.              :   ,  ,     1927 .        ,         1920- (   ).       -           .      ,        Universal,     .  2004      ,    Disney      .       ,           ,  .      ,    ?  ,       !

 .            .           ,      ,    .          ,                .    -    Disney  ,     ,  .

          ,    .    ,   Disney -     .     1927   Universal,         ,   ,       .  :   Disney  ?         ,   ,     Universal,  ,    .  Universal   .  Disney   , ,    .      ,  .      .         ,   Universal -    .

       ,    - .  ,   ,          1980  (   ?),       ABC          Sunday Night Football[12 -      NFL (   ). . .]  NBC. ABC  Disney,        NBC,     Universal. 9 2006  Disney              ,          . ,      ,      . (      ,   ).

        Disney   (     ),       - :       .       ,    ,  .    ,              .

 Mickey Epic,    Epic Mickey,        ,      .     ,     ,  . ,   Disney     , .  ,             ,     .   Disney  ,        :          .      :  ,  -    ,  .            . -    ,      Disney   .

-    .


* * *

      ,   ,   Disney     .      .  ,        ,     ,    .       ,     -      Epic Mickey,     .     ,      Disney,  .    ,   ,    ,    ,   .

        ?    .       :  !   .         .   ?       Epic Mickey: -,  ,    .     .    Disney     Junction Point     -   .    ,  .     .  :      ,       ᓻ,  .

   2005           Junction Point      ,            .    ,   ,    ,            .          Disney.     ,  Mouse Trapped[13 -   (.). . .],     Epic Mickey.        ,    Disney   Junction Point.

  2006          .     -   ,     . -   ,  .  :     .  ,    .        ,     .

     .      ,   : Origin (EA)  Ion Storm (Eidos).          .          ,         ,   ,       .      ,          .    ,      ,   ,   ,     ,    .

        Disney,  ,   ,      Junction Point.    ,     .   ,  .   :   ?    Disney.     .   ,    ,    Origin  :    ,      .

 . ,  2007 , - Disney       .  ,  -       .  ,        ,    .       ?  .  - ,  Junction Point   Disney,       .

     .  , Disney   Junction Point   ,    Epic Mickey,     ,        .  ,    ,  ,          .     ,    .     ,  Valve.   .   .

   ,     Junction Point ,           Sleeping Giants,       .   ,                 Disney.      ,  .   ,    ,         .

   2007          E3, ,  Disney   -.  -    ,       Disney Interactive Studios        (High School Musical),     (Turok).           ,       ,     Ultima Underworld, System Shock  Deus Ex.

   ,      .     ,       .      ,  .     ,   .

 13  2007               Fairmont   -.       ,     .     ,   - Disney.     ,    ,           ,  .       ,      , .           ,      .    ?

        :     ?      ?  ,   ,      Disney Interactive Studios     ?      ,     .         .   ,  ,   ,    .

   ,      .    Disney,       .    ,       .      Deus Ex   ,       ?    ,    ,     ,    Disney     .       ,     ,  ,      Disney,          .     ,        RPG,  ,  : ,       .

        :  ,   Junction Point    ,  ,  ,       .     .                 .          .   ,   .   ,  Junction Point  .    - .




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notes








1


                 (     Riot Games). . .




2


          .      ,    . . .




3


      ,      . . .




4


 2008 ,      Space Adventures,       (   )  ,          Ultima. . .




5


     Star Citizen  ,   2012            300    ,      . . .




6


  (theme park ride) :     ,  ,            .      ,    . ,      . . . .




7


 1980-    90-     3,5-     .  Origin     ,       ,     .   1993       CD-.      Myst. . .




8


Looking Glass   2000            . ,   ,       ,  . . .




9


  Ion Storm Dallas   ,       Daikatana (,       ).  -     :       .    . . .




10


    ,   :       . . .




11


         ,  Firewatch:    ,      .      Valve       Half-Life        . . .




12


     NFL (   ). . .




13


  (.). . .


