 . 2021
 


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ISBN978-5-0051-2538-5

     Ridero




.   ,  2021


     [1 - https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh/ (https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh/)]/[2 - https://system-school.ru/uptodate (https://system-school.ru/uptodate)]    2021,      2020.    ,        ,    ,       ,        .

:   -   ?   ,   ?      21  ,   .  :   ,   ,   .    ,     .     ,       .     ,    .       -,  ,  .  ,   .     .

 ,         ,    ,        .     (disruption technologies)     ,        -,        .   ,      ,    .        ,  .  ,      ,    . Ƞ     -    ,    .    ,  -  .

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  /    / https://t.me/odo_course (https://t.me/odo_course), -  ,  蠖https://system-school.ru/uptodate (https://system-school.ru/uptodate)




1. :  





  


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      .   ࠫ/   (   䠖  ),      ,   .     ,   .

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           Geoffrey Hinton   ,        [3 - Geoffrey Hinton, The Fog ofProgress,https://youtu.be/FOqMeBM3EIE (https://youtu.be/FOqMeBM3EIE)],       :     ,      :  , ,  ,  --    --, !

   ?     -  ,    ?      ?

      ,  ,     ,     .   ,  , .        ,       .     !

     20,          19[4 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/,_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7)].    ,     ,    1906[5 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0)],       ,      .

             1942,   [6 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/,_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD)]  7-  The Use ofHigh-Speed Vacuum Tube Devices for Calculation,      (  )    ,   .       ,     .

  1943        ,   .      .  (electronic diff. analyzer).   ,      .       ,        , .  ,        5.   ʻ,  : $61700 6  .     W-670-ORD-4926,  5 1943,   Electronic Numerical Integrator (  ),     and Computer (),         (     )   ENIAC[7 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%90%D0%9A)].         1945,      [8 - https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2015/11/invisible-women-the-six-human-computers-behind-the-eniac/ (https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2015/11/invisible-women-the-six-human-computers-behind-the-eniac/)].

    , ,  ( !)   .  :     ,   ,        ,          .    ,     , :  ENIAC      ,      ,  .

     ,  ,    () .     ,   ,        (  ,  ,    [9 -         , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud-based_quantum_computing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud-based_quantum_computing).     2021  .]),   (  2021    ,      ).      5   ,     ,    :      1943!



    :

     .  -   ,   .   ,      ,   (-   !     . ,           60,    ). ,       (   ,      :     ,         ).

   --     ,      . ,     2012     .  2012 (       ImageNet Challenge[10 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageNet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageNet)])   ,     ,   .         [11 -     2020    ,   : https://ailev.livejournal.com/1536283.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1536283.html), 2021     (    ,   ).].         .

 ,     , .   (  )  ,  .  ,     ,      ,      ,    ,         , -.    - ,  ,      . 堖   ,   .  ,     .

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Disruption technologies     [12 -   breakthrough technologies,  ,    , ,     ,  .]   ,      .   ࠖ  ,      ,      ,     ,      ,     .    CD-,     .    ,      ,    ,     .

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  ?  13 19001913   -   ,  Tony Seba     2014[13 -   2018 ( 37): https://youtu.be/KVm74yE0aUE (https://youtu.be/KVm74yE0aUE),   2016 -:http://tv2.today/TV2Old/Budushchee-uzhe-nastupilo-lekciya-andreya-pozdnyakova-0 (http://tv2.today/TV2Old/Budushchee-uzhe-nastupilo-lekciya-andreya-pozdnyakova-0)],       2020,       [14 - 2021   ,   :      ,    !   :https://www.youtube.com/user/tonyseba/videos (https://www.youtube.com/user/tonyseba/videos)].  , -.   19101920   -   11% 81%.      ,     ꠖ   ,        .








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  ,     ,  -   (   ,       ,   )         ,    :    ,       .

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 iPhone  2007    ?         :      ( ),    ( ),     ( ),   ( ),   , - , GPS  . Ƞ         $600,  . ,  Apple   iPhone     Newton,   1993[15 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Newton (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Newton)]. Ƞ :    ,     ,   . Ƞ  ,       .  -       ,      (  )     .

      2009  Uber,   -      ,  7 (2016)    Uber  ,     .  8 (2017) Uber Lyft    20%    ()  ,  - -.  2020Uber     [16 - https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55224462 (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55224462)]       ,  !       S- . ? ,     堖 ,     ?!.    ,     .

                :    ,       .       ,   -   ,  -  .      -     ?        -   Uber?

    :             ,    .   ,         .    $2000    8Gb , 4  FullHD .       32Gb , 8  4 . Ƞ   1Tb   (   !).  ,   5 ,  $1000,  ,  .          堖       Fairchild Semiconductor     1975,   ,      .   46 !        ,     . Ƞ       ໠   ,    !

   ,       2019,     ,  , ,      .

     ,          .     -     ,       ,       . Ƞ      ,     ࠖ   .








       [17 - https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13178 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13178)]:

  (standardization,   ,       ).     ,    ,   :     .

   (usability,    ,     , killer application)

    (onsumerization)

   (foundationalization,   ,  ).



      (),    ( ),      (iPhone  ),        -.    HTML (),      (       CSS),    ,        ,   .  AI    (, ONNX[18 - https://onnx.ai/ (https://onnx.ai/)]),     -,    ,        (     ,  AI   , ),      .

        .




 :      


   (  22 2020[19 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-kbzfWzvSI (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-kbzfWzvSI)]) Tony Seba ,     2025 (   4)     . Jensen Huang (CEO  NVIDIA)  2021   Orin (    ),          (,    5)  , 2022      [20 - https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2020/05/14/drive-platform-nvidia-ampere-architecture/ (https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2020/05/14/drive-platform-nvidia-ampere-architecture/),https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2021/04/12/volvo-cars-extends-partnership-nvidia-drive-orin/ (https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2021/04/12/volvo-cars-extends-partnership-nvidia-drive-orin/)].    ,   .     :      .

        $30.     300.  2021          .      ,       12.    UK     67 ,   74 ,   [21 - https://www.buyacar.co.uk/cars/economical-cars/electric-cars/650/cost-of-running-an-electric-car (https://www.buyacar.co.uk/cars/economical-cars/electric-cars/650/cost-of-running-an-electric-car)].       ,        .

          :    96%  ,  4%   .  ,     ,    .     .    ,        ,      .     car sharing (   ,      )  .

    ,    . 80%   .  ,     ,    ,           (     ,       ,       ).

     頖   ,      .   S-        2021,      , 堖  .  2030        1930.      ,    ,       .

Ƞ 蠖   ,    .     -  (     ,      2020,         ).   ,       ,        .      ,             .



     ,     .   ,  .    :

  

 

   ,    ,   , .



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  ?!


,     Tony Seba   頖  .    ,         ,  ,    .

Tony Seba   2019,     , . ,   .      ,    : ,    .  ,    .       ,     ,      .    .

   , 2030,     (     ?) 400800.     ,      (:    ).    2017 McKinsey,      Tony Seba    ,       -      :  2030    . ,     ,  蠫,  :     ,   :    ,   ,  .

  , ?  ,   ,  , ,  . ,   ,  蠖     (, ,  ),           .

,  2019Walmart    360  BrainOS,     1500.     ,    ,        (    30% 100% . Ƞ    , ,    ,  ,      ).     ,      [22 - https://www.braincorp.com/newsroom/brain-corp-to-expand-ai-services-in-retail-industry (https://www.braincorp.com/newsroom/brain-corp-to-expand-ai-services-in-retail-industry)]. Ƞ     ,     (    ,      ,     )[23 - https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/opinion/robots-will-transform-retail-operations-in-2021-heres-why-how/ (https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/opinion/robots-will-transform-retail-operations-in-2021-heres-why-how/)].








 ,   .   90%     ,    젖   3%  (       ,          ).

 ,       ,   ,      !  , ,  ,    ,    ! ,  ,    .

       ,     ,              .       黠   , .  (    )         ,    ,         . Ƞ    , ,  .

     ,     , /:  , ,     .   ,   !








            (freelance, gig economy, platform economy[24 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gig_worker (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gig_worker)])     -     .       -  (patronization).    - ,     !        .

 ,      :         ,    !      ,       ,          - .       .    ,   .




:  


   ,       ,    -   .    ,   .   , .      [25 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers)   ,        ,   .      ,         .    !]. -        [26 -  https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2020-01-29_novyj_servis_megafona (https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2020-01-29_novyj_servis_megafona), Ѡ https://rb.ru/news/mts-norma/ (https://rb.ru/news/mts-norma/).].     Uber,   .  ( Uber    )[27 - https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/07/02/2018/5a7b20d29a79473903543eaa (https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/07/02/2018/5a7b20d29a79473903543eaa)].    [28 -  -,https://sber-zvuk.com/ (https://sber-zvuk.com/)],   堫,  .

     蠖 ,      . -   ,   ,       ?  ,   .

     .    :








[29 - http://www.macdigger.ru/iphone-ipod/iphone-7-plus-protiv-zerkalki-canon-semka-fotografij-s-effektom-boke.html (http://www.macdigger.ru/iphone-ipod/iphone-7-plus-protiv-zerkalki-canon-semka-fotografij-s-effektom-boke.html)]     2016  iPhone 7Plus, 頖 -   EOS650D.   ,     ? 頖 , 頖 .

 2016   ,         :  bokeh[30 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokeh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokeh)]              .








Apple  ,    ,   ,  .             ,    .  2016    :   ,    !

  :  bokeh  2016     iPhone 7Plus,   2018   , AI     堖 Google Pixel 2series, Apple iPhone XR.    35  .      (     ,     ).

    .             ,   .     -  ,  , ,   .     :        2017,     .  ,       ,    ,        . ,       !    :      ,       .     .

    2021    ,        .    -   .         2025 14% [31 - https://www.technavio.com/report/digital-camera-market-industry-analysis (https://www.technavio.com/report/digital-camera-market-industry-analysis)],    : Tony Seba   ,   .    !           頖    .

 ,                    .      :      (    ,   ),  ,     ,   ,  - QR-,     ,   - .      Pokemon Go,       ࠖ     -  . ,      ,   .        ! ,   ,  ,   ! Ӡ  ,   (    ,   ,      ,        ).

         !  2021      :  ,       .     ,       ,      .   ,        ,  14      ,     [32 - https://phys.org/news/2021-06-goodbye-camera-miniaturized-optics-counterpart.html (https://phys.org/news/2021-06-goodbye-camera-miniaturized-optics-counterpart.html),https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23358-8 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23358-8)].

   ,     ,  ,       . Ƞ   ,      (       400 ,    ꠖ 2021!),        .       , -          ,     !








    ,     .    ,            . MS Teams     (   Zoom)    018   ,       77 .    MS Teams   145. [33 - https://venturebeat.com/2020/04/29/microsoft-teams-passes-75-million-daily-active-users/ (https://venturebeat.com/2020/04/29/microsoft-teams-passes-75-million-daily-active-users/),https://www.statista.com/statistics/1033742/worldwide-microsoft-teams-daily-and-monthly-users/ (https://www.statista.com/statistics/1033742/worldwide-microsoft-teams-daily-and-monthly-users/)].        ,     , . Ƞ    ,    .  ,         ,    [34 - https://vc.ru/office/127764-pochemu-my-reshili-dat-vozmozhnost-sotrudnikam-ostatsya-na-udalenke-navsegda (https://vc.ru/office/127764-pochemu-my-reshili-dat-vozmozhnost-sotrudnikam-ostatsya-na-udalenke-navsegda)],   .

    .     7 !    蠫 ,        ,   -      . Ƞ          ,   ,    - ,      .

     ,     .       :         ,   ,      頖    ,   . ,    ,    󻠖    ,    (   transformer[35 - https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762)] 2017),     .            ,  -          [36 - https://ailev.livejournal.com/1551283.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1551283.html)].

     ,    , 蠫     .     ,       ( [37 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_regression (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_regression),https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.04825 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.04825)],  /discovery  )      .   ,    ,    ,   ( )      蠖   堫, ࠫ[38 - https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11287 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11287)].        ,    .        [39 - https://www.nutonian.com/ (https://www.nutonian.com/)]:, /    Eureqa.

   :   ,  ,  :        ,  -   .   ,   ,  ,   .   ,         ,  , , ,      .  ࠖ   ,     ,  ,    ! Eureqa       ,   //guesses   ,  AI-    ,   ,     .          ,                .

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   ,   :   ,     , .

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 ( )     ,          [40 - https://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-1.html (https://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-1.html)]:








  2015.      ,  -   80%   ,   .   AI    , StarCraft II.      ,  :    .    .  NeuralMix  DjayProAI  iOS  [41 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP5cavP4eWc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP5cavP4eWc),https://www.algoriddim.com/djay-ios/releasenotes (https://www.algoriddim.com/djay-ios/releasenotes)]:       ,   ,    , ,   .       ,     .       ,  ,     .     :       ,     ⠖     ,  ,       .   ? , .   ,       ? , [42 - https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13062 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13062)].

       .   ,          . ? ,  IT-      AI,  , [43 - https://www.zdnet.com/article/manufacturers-allocate-one-third-of-overall-it-spend-to-ai-survey-shows/ (https://www.zdnet.com/article/manufacturers-allocate-one-third-of-overall-it-spend-to-ai-survey-shows/)].        (      IT- ).    , : -    ! ,    (35%    ,   )  ,     AI      ,    . ,    堖   ? Ƞ   .     ,   .   .   .

      (  )   (  ?  ?    ,  !).     ,    젖     ,   , , . Ƞ        .  -    .       ,           .

   ?    . ,   ,     . Ƞ      ,        ,    .      ,      .  (  ,    )      2015[44 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XpRhQX7BpU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XpRhQX7BpU)],  ( 2021)       -    250 ( ) 2500:    ,    ,      !

      ,          ,     .




 : 


    [45 - https://www.jimcollins.com/ (https://www.jimcollins.com/)]      [46 - https://www.amazon.com/------ebook/dp/B06XP1H8LQ/ (https://www.amazon.com/%D0%9E%D1%82-%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2-ebook/dp/B06XP1H8LQ/)]      (      [47 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8)] ,        ).

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  ,      ,    ,      ,     .    ,  .    ,      ,   .  ,     ,         .  ,   !    ,   ,    .

     data scientist,      ,      -  2011?      ,    .  ,     2019, 2021,       -  ! Disruption technologies  - .    (  data scientist ):








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             [48 - https://www.amazon.com/-----Russian-ebook/dp/B0156M8ISC/ (https://www.amazon.com/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81-Russian-ebook/dp/B0156M8ISC/)].   렖   [49 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%80)  ,     XIX  ( boulevardier).           .],      ,       .   :     ,   .   ,   ,    .    ,  ,    .     ,  ,   .

     .   ,  .   ,    [50 -  ,       , https://danielko.medium.com/musings-of-tech-space-enthusiast-part-i-428c28655b44 (https://danielko.medium.com/musings-of-tech-space-enthusiast-part-i-428c28655b44).   ( ) ,      ,          . ,      ,   ! Ƞ    ,   ,   !].   ,      . ,  .   ,   .

   ,      ,   ,    堖   .   [51 - ,   ,https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_() (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%85_(%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC))],    ,      -  ,   .








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           頖 Kennet Stanley, Joel Lehman, Why Greatness Cannot Be Planned: The Myth ofthe Objective[53 - https://www.amazon.com/Why-Greatness-Cannot-Planned-Objective-ebook/dp/B00X57B4JG/ (https://www.amazon.com/Why-Greatness-Cannot-Planned-Objective-ebook/dp/B00X57B4JG/)].








       . ࠖ  ,     ,     ,    ,         ,     .    19,    ,     .    , , .

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        ,    (      ).    stepping stone, ,     .   ,     ,     .     ,  -,    . Ƞ   , .  ,      .  蠖  ,   ,  ,      .

  ,   ,    ,      .     ,  ,  .   㠖      ,     .  ,  ࠫ!     ,  . - ,  -     ,  ,         .








    ,    Rob Gonsalves Stepping Stones[54 - Original Painting on Canvas,2001].     : -,   . Kennet Stanley Joel Lehman    ,     ,  ,   ,    .     ,     ,              ( . .).

 ,        ,    .   ,   ,       .     :   ,    ,  .   ?   :   ,   ,  ,    .  ,     ,   . Ӡ    . Ƞ     , -  .  .








    ,   ?  ,      .  , .     ,    ,    ?  ,    ,     ,     ,    ,  .   ࠖ   (  !)  .          ,   - , -   .   .

     (stepping stone collector)   ,   ,  -  .   ,  ,   , .    ,   .    ,  ,   ,      ,    ,    . ,      -,   !  ,    ,     -.     蠖  !  :   ,   ---!   ,  ,   ,     :       ,       -. ,  2007 iPhone  :    ,    .  2007   ,          (,     :  iPhone, ,   2007ࠖ  ).

   -  ,    ,  ,     ,   .        ,  ,    ,     .   .

   :  堫 ,  .     ,    ,     .

  ,   ,        .   - -,      .      (   ,   ),   .        ,             .

   , ,        .  ,  .     .     ,       .



   Ѡ !



 ,    ,    ,          蠖 ,     .        agile,        ,   ,         . agile     ,  .

Lean Startup[55 - https://www.amazon.com/------ebook/dp/B00K4YYUHG/ (https://www.amazon.com/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81-%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8-ebook/dp/B00K4YYUHG/)],  Eric Ries   ,     -,   :   , ,  - ,    , ..    . Ƞ ,     ࠖ ,   ,      ,    ,  . , ,  , , .     (!    !)     ,      .








,         (-),   ,   ,   .    - ,       ,     ,     .     - , ,      ,    젖  ,    ,  -  !    ,    ,    .     ( ),     . Ƞ  .

 ,     蠫    ,       ,         .

,  (-[56 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/- (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3-%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%B9)])  頖    ,    .   ,     ,        (  )  ,      .     ,  .     - ,         .

     .       ,      .

  ,         ,  Pedro Domingos,   ࠖ The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World[57 - http://www.amazon.com/dp/0465065708/ (http://www.amazon.com/dp/0465065708/)].

    /search,   /learn.  ,     ࠖ      (unsupervised learning),      (self-supervised learning),       .        .       ,   :           .      ,  (life-long learning)       .








    ,        .     ,  ! Ƞ      - ,  .     ,      ,      . 堖  ,      ,  ,      . 堖   -.     ,   .   !

 ,    [58 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)]       ,      , ,    ,  ,  .   ,      ,   ,       ,     . ꠖ   ,     .

  ,  ,       ,    -           .

      ,      ,  .          (    ).         ,     ,   .

      ,    .  :    -  ,  ,    堖      .




  (open-endedness)


,   Š

Ƞ



  (open-endedness)  ,      (..   )     , , , ,  ,   ..          :  ,   ?     ?.

        ,    (     ).   ,        .     .

Π       , state-of-the-art (SoTA).    , SoTA   .    1600   , 1800       , 2000    ( )    ,   ! SoTA ,      ,   .








Open-endedness        ,      .    ,      - ,        .  -     stepping stone/.

     ,      ,    .

Ƞ       ,       ,           .          (  ),       ,     410.           .



   .

  Ƞ 



   2017 Open-endedness: The last grand challenge youve never heard of[59 - https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/open-endedness-the-last-grand-challenge-youve-never-heard-of (https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/open-endedness-the-last-grand-challenge-youve-never-heard-of)]   Lisa Soros  Kenneth O.Stanley Joel Lehman,  2015     , Why Greatness Cannot Be Planned: The Myth ofthe Objective.

    ,             .    : 1)   2) .

       ,         ,    (       : goldilocks,    , ,  ).    ,   ,   .

  2019 Stanley (      OpenAI) Lehman    [60 - https://eng.uber.com/poet-open-ended-deep-learning/ (https://eng.uber.com/poet-open-ended-deep-learning/)]  2020   [61 - https://eng.uber.com/enhanced-poet-machine-learning/ (https://eng.uber.com/enhanced-poet-machine-learning/)].            (   :  ),    -   ,        . ,                ,        ,   ,  stepping stones/ . ,  ,       - !  -    ,     ,   ࠖ    (  ),    (   ).

      ,    .  ,     ,       :               ,        .         ,   ,    .         ,    .

     ,   ,   .  -   .. (   ),           , .   ,  :       , ,   .    , //,    .            ,        .  ,  ,      .   ,     ,     ,   .



 Ѡ?    ?



,    :        ,   . SoTA    . Ƞ   .     ,     ( , ,       )   .   ,       ,      ,    .     !    ,     ,  ,    :     .

 ,       ? , !   ,    .   -: ,    !  , SoTA    ,     (    ,  ,    !),   SoTA    . Ƞ             (         ,    ).  ,    蠖    ,      . , SoTA    ,        .  , ,  .   ,         ,    ? Ƞ    ,     ?

 :       (    )          .   ,       ,  !    ,  堖   .

 -    ,  ,   ,     .   ,    -   ,     .       ,         ⠖     . ?  :    .       ,    ,  .        ,     ,       .

     ,       . ,   [62 - https://www.litres.ru/devid-doych/nachalo-beskonechnosti-obyasneniya-kotorye-menyaut-mir/chitat-onlayn/ (https://www.litres.ru/devid-doych/nachalo-beskonechnosti-obyasneniya-kotorye-menyaut-mir/chitat-onlayn/)].

   ,    .     (!) ,       .        ,    SoTA  ,    .      ,  ,   ,  ,   .  ,       ,     :  ,           ,         .      ,        ,      .








      SoTA ,     .    ,        : , , ,   ,     .



         :

1.   ( /episteme   /open-endedness ,    ).

2.   (     ,    ,  - ,  ,       ,   ).



  ,      :  .      ,   ,   ,    :  .

    .       , , , ,    .

  ,     (  ,    ,      )     . Ƞ  :         ,     .



  



       ,     .      ,   .     ,    .   ,   -  ,      .   ,   ,    . -  , -  - . Ƞ  .

Ӡ  :    ,      蠖     .       ,     (  ! Ƞ   )  /curriculum.          . Ƞ    .

         ,       ,      ( ,   :     ,      ,       ).      :        ,  .       蠖  .  ,                     ,    . Ƞ  .

 ,    -  ,   - . ,      . Ƞ,     -  ,       ,     .   ,        .  :   ,      ,    , .     ,  .









 


    

  



        ,    .          .      ?

     :   ? -    , -  , -  ,   , -  -  . ,    .    -    (   ,   ,    ),     [63 - https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=378964&seqNum=5 (https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=378964&seqNum=5)].   :    ,  -    ,  -   .    - ,      ,    .   젖    . ,  蠖    , ,   .



  Š, Π Ũ 



,     ࠖ     .     ,    -  (  -  ,      - ).      젖  ,         . Ƞ     ,  -    ,   .      ,   .    ,      ,     .

    -[64 - https://www.strategyhubbub.com/blogs/organization-development-od/strategic-management-history-and-development/ (https://www.strategyhubbub.com/blogs/organization-development-od/strategic-management-history-and-development/)]    ,   .  ,   ,       .  ,  ,     ,        .

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Π      ,     ,      ,    .  (2021)       ,     !      .

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:    










 2021      ,   蠖         (   ,    ).      ,  ,     ,   .

  ,   .      ,       . Ƞ   .

  ,      ,        .     ,   ,  .  -  ,  !  , 堖.

    ,   ..  :    , .  蠖 ,  蠖 . - ,   ,      . Ƞ-      ,    :   ,     ,  .  ,    .      (    ࠖ     ,   ),    , ,  .

  :    ,  -  .    ,  .

 (  )       .      蠖   ,  .



     



    [65 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boyd_(military_strategist) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boyd_(military_strategist))]:








   堖  堖 [66 - http://www.newcode.ru/media/NeoCode.Boyd.pdf (http://www.newcode.ru/media/NeoCode.Boyd.pdf)]       (..   ),         ,       :








 (    ),   (,     ),   ,    (   )    (     ,  ).     ,  . ,    . Ƞ ,     .        (      젖      ),        ,   .

        ,    ,   ,   .   ?    ,    ,      ( 堖 ),     ,     .

        ,  ꠖ        ,   -   !   ,      ,       :         ,    .     ,    !

    ,   ,     !    - ,    .  . ,     - ,   .    ,    .      ,   ,    ,   -  ,        . ,    ,   ,      ,  ,        ,    ,    .




  


 ,   ,      ,   ,      ,       .  , :     ,       !

    .    ,          2018  .   , ,  [67 - https://www.amazon.com/Enlightenment-Now-Science-Humanism-Progress-ebook/dp/B073TJBYTB/ (https://www.amazon.com/Enlightenment-Now-Science-Humanism-Progress-ebook/dp/B073TJBYTB/)].








     ,       ,          .   ?      19,    :

 2015        ,    ,   $33000   (  ,   ,    )      .          ,   ,     ,             .

   ,      (   ,    ),    (   ),      (    ). ,  , , , ,  ,  ,  ,   ,   ,   .

    , ,          ,    ,     ,  蠖   !      ,   ,   . ,        :    ,   ,   -    (   )   .

 ,     ,          .   ,     ,            ,     ,        ,    ,        ,      !  - ,      ⠖    !

     .     :








            ,       (      ),      ,        -!

,     ( ,     ᠫ ,   ,   )   ,    ,    !

      Ipsos    28  2019[68 - https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2019-08/Happiness-Study-report-August-2019.pdf (https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2019-08/Happiness-Study-report-August-2019.pdf)]:








  86%   ,  蠖 47%,  .     ?      !          ,  ,  ,  ,    ,      .   -. ,   87%  ,           !      86%        .

,     .   ,      .    ,      (,         ).   ,       .        ,  -    ,  ,    !

   .      ,          .      ,        ,   -    ,      !.

   ,    . ,     ,    .   ,     [69 - https://www.facebook.com/kapterev/posts/10222689292514882 (https://www.facebook.com/kapterev/posts/10222689292514882),https://psyarxiv.com/d8f2z/ (https://psyarxiv.com/d8f2z/)]:








  ?  2006  [70 - https://www.princeton.edu/news/2006/06/29/link-between-income-and-happiness-mainly-illusion (https://www.princeton.edu/news/2006/06/29/link-between-income-and-happiness-mainly-illusion)],     -      .     , ,    ,     [71 - https://newscenter.sdsu.edu/sdsu_newscenter/news_story.aspx?sid=78079 (https://newscenter.sdsu.edu/sdsu_newscenter/news_story.aspx?sid=78079)]. Ƞ  ,    :       ! Ƞ ,      ,   !

  ,  ,     ,   ,      .  :     ,        ,  .

       -      ,    - , - .    ,     :   ,           ,   .

        ,  - ,   .

,    ,         ,      - ,   ,  - . - (! !)   ,       ,      . ,  -,  .     ,  .

  ,    ,       ,     蠖  -  ,   -    .     ,      ,      ,   ,     !

,        (   , !),   ,        ,   ,   .  , .  .

-:  ?     ?   ,   젖   ,       ?   .  (   )[72 - Talent vs. Luck: The Role ofRandomness inSuccess and Failure,http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07068 (http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07068)] ,     ,    ,    ,    .      (      ⠖     ),        (      ,     ).

      ,          .  堖    ,    .   .      ,  . ,       :   ,  . Ƞ   !   ?! .       ,  .

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2. :   





  


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    ()     :








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 :     ܻ



         /      ,      -    [73 -     :http://erazvitie.org/article/zakat_professij (http://erazvitie.org/article/zakat_professij)].

  :   ?,   ,  !    ,           ,       ,      ,    -  .

          ?,  ?,     ?,         .

    ,        ,  ,       . ,        - ,     .       ,       ,       (    ).

         ,     .

   ,            ,        .

,   (, skills)   :  - ,    . ,            .   (/competency[74 -     : https://vnaumov.blogspot.com/2020/02/blog-post_37.html (https://vnaumov.blogspot.com/2020/02/blog-post_37.html).       ,      ,    .])            ,  ,   ,        .   堖          ,     ,      :        ,    .

       ,    .      - ,         ,    .         , ,          (      ,    ,       ,       ).

 ,      /  / /   (     ),       ,  ,     ,   .   ,     -     ,     , , ,   .   ,     (,    ! Ƞ ,   ,  ! ,     ,     ,    !).




-:  ,  


 T- (T-shaped persons,  T-shaped skills)   80-,         [75 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-shaped_skills (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-shaped_skills)].   T   -  ,   ,     ,         .

 -  ,    , , 2012  NEF (New Engineering Foundation )  : -  (T-shaped Learning)[76 - https://stemfoundation.org.uk/asset/resource/%7B3EA5228A-B620-4783-AE91-190F2C182DAA%7D/resource.pdf (https://stemfoundation.org.uk/asset/resource/%7B3EA5228A-B620-4783-AE91-190F2C182DAA%7D/resource.pdf)].      NEF -  (Technologist 堫,   ).  -      ,     , T- .  NEF     T- .     :








:

    : /        ,    .   know-how ( ),  know-why (         STEM[77 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics)],   , ,  ..).    ,     .    ,      ,    , ..

   (transferable,   ,   )  ,  /skills.       ,        (knowledge transfer)     (       ,   ).

    (personal)  ࠖ           (,  - ,  - ),       (),        ,              .



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-  ,   .        (PayPal),    - (SpaceX     StarLink),   (Tesla),  (NeuraLink),    (Boring Company),    !




  


  :

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      .     젖 , , .     .   (   ),                    ,      .

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 ,  ,   / ,   ,    .            ,       ! ,       ,       .     (, ,         ),     ,      !     ,     :         .               .

   :  ,   , ,     ,       .

Ƞ     ,     (,   (    )       . ,    (  )      ?    ,   !

   :  ,     ,      (, ,   ,    ),      ,  ,     ,     .          蠖       ,   ,    ,    ,        ?      ,     ?

   㠖  ,   , ,        ,    ,   , ,   .

Ƞ   ,           . ,       .      ,    ,   .    ,    頖    . Ƞ      (  ,    ,     : Google Assistant,  ,   .,   ,     ,  ,     ). ,  ,    ,   ,  -  ! Ƞ    ,   ,   !           .

,  ,      ,    .                 .    , ,    , 젖 ,     .



   



-       , ,             .             (/     :       ,  , , ,      .       ,   !).

  /learning     ,    .  ,     AI ,   ,      :       ,    , ,  .          AI   ,   .     AI    ,   ,       .

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    -   ,           .         .  -, -!

    fine-tune,  :              (,  )          -   . ,         MIT     ,  [80 - https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01238 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01238)].

   :      ,  .       .      +   AI[81 - Pretrain then Finetune: ANew Paradigm for NLPhttps://www.mihaileric.com/posts/nlp-trends-acl-2019/ (https://www.mihaileric.com/posts/nlp-trends-acl-2019/)]. Ƞ     ,         -  .         ,     ,            [82 - https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165)].

 ,     ,   !      ,  , ,  /prompt, [83 - https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13586 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13586)] (prompt engineering,    Software 3.0).








     ,    -     ,    -      .      ,    .     , ,     ,    .

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      , , .      ,     ,        ,  ,  ,    ,    ,    .    ,   ,       , ,  ()     .

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   ,    頖  ,      ( ,  ).       ,     ,      (  ,    ),   -   ,   . ,       ,     ,  -   ,     ,               ,     -      - .

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,      ,     ,          .           [85 -    https://system-school.ru/ (https://system-school.ru/)     .         ,    ,        ࠖ   .].




 


    - (- ,     ,    -) ,  - ,       .   -    .    :   ;  ,   - ;  ;     ;      ;     ; ,      (  )  -    .

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   .   .       .       .   ,     .

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      (           )     [86 - https://ridero.ru/books/sistemnoe_myshlenie/ (https://ridero.ru/books/sistemnoe_myshlenie/)]  -[87 - https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking (https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking)].




 /


   ,       (    OMG Essence[88 - https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00121 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00121)]):








      , ..  /    .

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4. 

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          ,      ,   ,  蠖 . Ƞ  .    :   ,      ,     . ,   Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD)[92 - https://medium.com/no-flame-no-game/--jobs-to-be-done--job-stories-4c57c1dc84cf (https://medium.com/no-flame-no-game/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-jobs-to-be-done-%D0%B8-job-stories-4c57c1dc84cf)]            .    ,    ,    ,   .  - ,      ,  ,   ,  ,   , ,   .

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,     ,     :     ,       ,     (JTBD)     蠖  , ,   ,      .  , ,  ,  .   JTBD      [93 -       . https://ailev.livejournal.com/1425741.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1425741.html).],    ,    JTBD     JTBD   ,  ,    -,        . ,       !       ,   :  (          ,     ,          ),  (     ,     ),  (   ,        ,    ),   (  /  ).       ,  ,  ,   JTBD      ,  ,  , .

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    (, , ),  , ,    (, ,  ..).     ,     /    ,     ,     ,    -,     ,  ,    ,    堖  ,   ,      ,           .     !    20, 21      ,   !

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     :       (            , -     )          ,   .         (     ,   !).          - .  - state-of-the-art (,  20!)   /     ,       ,       ! ,     ?        ,               蠫--[96 - https://ria.asturias.es/RIA/bitstream/123456789/6548/1/Archivo.pdf (https://ria.asturias.es/RIA/bitstream/123456789/6548/1/Archivo.pdf)].  ,    򻠖        -    ,  - , -   , -    !

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    , ,  ,  -  ,      , gut feeling.   ,       .    ,     .    . /   ,     ,    ,     ,      .

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Ӡ  ,     ( )     ,   : ,  (     ,  ,     )   (    ).       ,           ,            :   ,   - !.



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      ,    :  ,   ( ,  )       ( ,  ).          ,     ,       ,  .

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   ,           ,       .     MBA (master ofbusiness administration,  ) ,   ,   ,        .   -  .

  ,      -  ,      ,       .   ,      ,        ,        .  ,           -    ,            :       .   -   ,      .   ,    .    ,   ,       .  ,    .      ,   .

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           (MEM, master ofengineering management)    (MBA, master ofbusines administration)    [97 - http://www.mempc.org/ (http://www.mempc.org/), While MBA and MEM programs share some similarities inshaping capable leaders through acore curriculum ineconomics, marketing, and operations, students with MEM degrees are abetter fit for todays technology companies simply because an undergraduate degree inaSTEM field is aprerequisite for admission. Since its not aprerequisite for an MBA, amajority ofcandidates graduate with anon-technical education. Inaworld where technology touches almost all aspects oflife and business, students with aMEM degree fit seamlessly into todays high-tech companies that need tech-savvy leaders for data-driven decision making and innovation-driven global strategy and growth.]:  MEM MBA ,  MEM     STEM (, , ),    MEM    ,  MBA       .   :            .   ,        ,       .    (   ,   )        ,  (  ,  )    .    ,      ,   ,                ,   ,     .

   ,  ,             .    !    ,      ,     .      ,      .      (      ,   (    )  15 , ,        ),           ,         -  ,    .       -   ,         (  ,          !).




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          ,   ,      ,    .    ,        (,    ,    ), ,   .

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    hard skills soft skills    ,     .      ,                 (     soft skills  )     hard skills        .   soft skills, ,   ,       hard skills.       -   , 젖     !

       ,      蠖  ,        .    ,   - ,     .      ,  ,       ,    ⠖       .    !         ,     ( !   !)    ,     .

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      (  soft skill,      ),  ,     5 .  5 ,   :    ?    , , ,          ?        ,   /   ?   렖    ,   (,   ,   ). ,   -,        .   ,  -       ?   - ?[98 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/___ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)       ,   ,      .       ,  ,     .]

 [99 - https://www.facebook.com/groups/blended.learning.russia/permalink/2368182406757628/ (https://www.facebook.com/groups/blended.learning.russia/permalink/2368182406757628/)]      ,     soft skills  hard skills:

,   ? ,   ,   ,    ,   .

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 ,       ,   -         ,    .     ࠖ    ,       .    ,   -    (-, , ..       !),     ,   .

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,          ,  ,   . Ƞ   ,    .  ,         ,  .  ,  .   ,     .




  


   (theory ofconstraints, TOC)  ࠖ        .     ,  ,  1984, 37 .  lean ( ),     ,    John Krafcik   Triumph ofthe Lean Production System 1988,      MIT Sloan School ofManagement. Ѡ   33!

  ,      Toyota manufacturing system (    ),    軠   !

            ,     , .

  lean for development ( lean for manufacturing),   .       ,    Donald Reinertsen (    ,   2009)[100 - https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Product-Development-Flow-Generation/dp/1935401009 (https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Product-Development-Flow-Generation/dp/1935401009)].

     ,        :

 computer operating systems

 control engineering

 data communications networks

 finance and economics

 information theory

 maneuver warfare

 manufacturing

 operations research

 probability and statistics

 queueing theory








Ƞ      .      ,      頖      ,   ,  -     ,       (- ?!).   ,        !    -  -     [101 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban_(development) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban_(development))],    -     .

       SEBoK (Systems Engineering Body ofKnowledge)[102 - https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_(SEBoK) (https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_(SEBoK))]    ,      ,  -  3D      2D .    蠖   ,        . ,   蠖  ,      [103 - https://ailev.livejournal.com/1464563.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1464563.html)]. ,        ,      .    ,        .      !

    ,     .          .  -   ,    !       ,          .        IT, MarTech. , ,  8.    ,   2020[104 - https://chiefmartec.com/2020/04/marketing-technology-landscape-2020-martech-5000/ (https://chiefmartec.com/2020/04/marketing-technology-landscape-2020-martech-5000/)].       2019,     .       ,    ࠖ   , :








   MarTech 2021    ,        , 2016 (3647),  ,  2011   150[105 - https://chiefmartec.com/2021/03/many-european-based-martech-products-today-3647-globally-2016/ (https://chiefmartec.com/2021/03/many-european-based-martech-products-today-3647-globally-2016/)]:








,      ,       :     ,       .

  ,   -      ,         ,     (  ⠫   ! ).       ,  , 젖   ,   ,   ,   .   ,    ,   .     ,           .   ,         !

     ,  .  ,   state-of-the art  ,    ,    80-   .




3. :  





 :  ,  


Ш   Ӡ

 



,         ,      .   AI (artificial intelligence)      (      ) ,     ,    ,  ,  .      ,   .         .   ,       -        ,      ,       .   AI   ,   AI    ,     /,   ( ⠖   ,        /,    [106 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)]).       . --     -,   . AI   () ,    ,   // ,    .

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    , ,  ,   ..  ,         .     ,         ,      ,     / / ,     ,           .   -     ,    ,  , ,           .   :   , ,  ( )  ,   ,    .    ,             .  ,   ,      ,    [107 - https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/earth-to-earth-supersonic-airliners/ (https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/earth-to-earth-supersonic-airliners/)]          . ʠ        .         .   ,   ,      :     ,      !

  AI    ,       .    ,  , -,      .      :    AI ,  .        ,    ,    .

    / . Fran?ois Chollet[108 - On the Measure ofIntelligence, last revised 25Nov 2019,https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547)]       (framework,   )            .  Fran?ois Chollet,            ,    .       ,           ,    .

     (    ),     Fran?ois Chollet.     , .



Ҡ  , 

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    ,      .   ࠖ   .    젖   ,  ,   Chollet.



Ҡ    ,

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 㠖   /computer,          ///,    -    (       :   -- ,       . Ӡ     /exploration      /exploitation   ,  ).  :       /[109 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_׸____ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%A2%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B0)], -   (, ,     ,    ).   SoTA :   ,     ,  ,  -   (     ).

 ,      ,          (,   ),         ( ),      . Ƞ,       -     ,   --,  --,  ----    .       extended cognition[110 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_cognition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_cognition),      ,  embodied cognition  embodied,   --    embedded,        /environment, enacted     , ,    ,  extended   ],  extended mind[111 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Extended_Mind (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Extended_Mind) And what about socially-extended cognition? Could my mental states be partly constituted bythe states ofother thinkers? We see no reason why not, inprinciple.]. Ƞ      ,   -  - (inference, /     ),     (  ,     ,    ,       ,    - ,      .   :      .          젖   ,  -,      ,   .



  ,      :

  (  ,    ,     - ..)

  / (  , )

  //     ,     (    ,      /蠖     ,   ,        [112 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)])

   (  ,    ,   ,        .              -  ). Ƞ    ,    ,    ,    (, , ),     (,  - ,      蠖   ,        ,   ).



        .  ,     .        -.     extended cognition,        ,  . ,       ࠖ     ,    ,       ? ,    ?  inductive biases (   ),    (  , , ),      ,   ,    .     : , , ,   ,      -    -,  堫 .    ,      !   .  ,  ,  !     (     :   ,     ).         (pun intended[113 -  .]).

      蠫 ,     :   ,    ,   ,  ,    ,  蠫  embodied intelligence         extended mind .     ,      .

堖   /,  . /learning         ( ,    [114 - https://ailev.livejournal.com/1045081.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1045081.html)]),       .    learning 砫  蠫    . Ӡ-    +    [115 - https://gtmarket.ru/library/basis/3961/3974 (https://gtmarket.ru/library/basis/3961/3974)].  ,   /   !    ᠫ /IT, ᠫ- /ICT.      ( ), -            ,    -     (-         ,  ++   ).

  ,        / -----  (     cognition),     -     ( AI     learning).     ,   ,        .     -  -,    蠖   .   , , embodied cognition extended mind      ,         .   // 蠫    .

ࠖ  /  ///      +      ,            /inductive bias//.




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=57283365)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh/ (https://ridero.ru/books/obrazovanie_dlya_obrazovannykh/)




2


https://system-school.ru/uptodate (https://system-school.ru/uptodate)




3


Geoffrey Hinton, The Fog ofProgress,https://youtu.be/FOqMeBM3EIE (https://youtu.be/FOqMeBM3EIE)




4


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/,_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7)




5


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0)




6


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/,_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD)




7


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%90%D0%9A)




8


https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2015/11/invisible-women-the-six-human-computers-behind-the-eniac/ (https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2015/11/invisible-women-the-six-human-computers-behind-the-eniac/)




9


        , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud-based_quantum_computing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud-based_quantum_computing).     2021  .




10


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageNet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageNet)




11


    2020    ,   : https://ailev.livejournal.com/1536283.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1536283.html), 2021     (    ,   ).




12


  breakthrough technologies,  ,    , ,     ,  .




13


  2018 ( 37): https://youtu.be/KVm74yE0aUE (https://youtu.be/KVm74yE0aUE),   2016 -:http://tv2.today/TV2Old/Budushchee-uzhe-nastupilo-lekciya-andreya-pozdnyakova-0 (http://tv2.today/TV2Old/Budushchee-uzhe-nastupilo-lekciya-andreya-pozdnyakova-0)




14


2021   ,   :      ,    !   :https://www.youtube.com/user/tonyseba/videos (https://www.youtube.com/user/tonyseba/videos)




15


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Newton (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Newton)




16


https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55224462 (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55224462)




17


https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13178 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13178)




18


https://onnx.ai/ (https://onnx.ai/)




19


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-kbzfWzvSI (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-kbzfWzvSI)




20


https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2020/05/14/drive-platform-nvidia-ampere-architecture/ (https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2020/05/14/drive-platform-nvidia-ampere-architecture/),https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2021/04/12/volvo-cars-extends-partnership-nvidia-drive-orin/ (https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2021/04/12/volvo-cars-extends-partnership-nvidia-drive-orin/)




21


https://www.buyacar.co.uk/cars/economical-cars/electric-cars/650/cost-of-running-an-electric-car (https://www.buyacar.co.uk/cars/economical-cars/electric-cars/650/cost-of-running-an-electric-car)




22


https://www.braincorp.com/newsroom/brain-corp-to-expand-ai-services-in-retail-industry (https://www.braincorp.com/newsroom/brain-corp-to-expand-ai-services-in-retail-industry)




23


https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/opinion/robots-will-transform-retail-operations-in-2021-heres-why-how/ (https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/opinion/robots-will-transform-retail-operations-in-2021-heres-why-how/)




24


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gig_worker (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gig_worker)




25


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers)   ,        ,   .      ,         .    !




26


 https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2020-01-29_novyj_servis_megafona (https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2020-01-29_novyj_servis_megafona), Ѡ https://rb.ru/news/mts-norma/ (https://rb.ru/news/mts-norma/).




27


https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/07/02/2018/5a7b20d29a79473903543eaa (https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/07/02/2018/5a7b20d29a79473903543eaa)




28


 -,https://sber-zvuk.com/ (https://sber-zvuk.com/)




29


http://www.macdigger.ru/iphone-ipod/iphone-7-plus-protiv-zerkalki-canon-semka-fotografij-s-effektom-boke.html (http://www.macdigger.ru/iphone-ipod/iphone-7-plus-protiv-zerkalki-canon-semka-fotografij-s-effektom-boke.html)




30


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokeh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokeh)




31


https://www.technavio.com/report/digital-camera-market-industry-analysis (https://www.technavio.com/report/digital-camera-market-industry-analysis)




32


https://phys.org/news/2021-06-goodbye-camera-miniaturized-optics-counterpart.html (https://phys.org/news/2021-06-goodbye-camera-miniaturized-optics-counterpart.html),https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23358-8 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23358-8)




33


https://venturebeat.com/2020/04/29/microsoft-teams-passes-75-million-daily-active-users/ (https://venturebeat.com/2020/04/29/microsoft-teams-passes-75-million-daily-active-users/),https://www.statista.com/statistics/1033742/worldwide-microsoft-teams-daily-and-monthly-users/ (https://www.statista.com/statistics/1033742/worldwide-microsoft-teams-daily-and-monthly-users/)




34


https://vc.ru/office/127764-pochemu-my-reshili-dat-vozmozhnost-sotrudnikam-ostatsya-na-udalenke-navsegda (https://vc.ru/office/127764-pochemu-my-reshili-dat-vozmozhnost-sotrudnikam-ostatsya-na-udalenke-navsegda)




35


https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762)




36


https://ailev.livejournal.com/1551283.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1551283.html)




37


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_regression (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_regression),https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.04825 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.04825)




38


https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11287 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11287)




39


https://www.nutonian.com/ (https://www.nutonian.com/)




40


https://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-1.html (https://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-1.html)




41


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP5cavP4eWc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP5cavP4eWc),

https://www.algoriddim.com/djay-ios/releasenotes (https://www.algoriddim.com/djay-ios/releasenotes)




42


https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13062 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13062)




43


https://www.zdnet.com/article/manufacturers-allocate-one-third-of-overall-it-spend-to-ai-survey-shows/ (https://www.zdnet.com/article/manufacturers-allocate-one-third-of-overall-it-spend-to-ai-survey-shows/)




44


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XpRhQX7BpU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XpRhQX7BpU)




45


https://www.jimcollins.com/ (https://www.jimcollins.com/)




46


https://www.amazon.com/------ebook/dp/B06XP1H8LQ/ (https://www.amazon.com/%D0%9E%D1%82-%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2-ebook/dp/B06XP1H8LQ/)




47


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8)




48


https://www.amazon.com/-----Russian-ebook/dp/B0156M8ISC/ (https://www.amazon.com/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81-Russian-ebook/dp/B0156M8ISC/)




49


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%80)  ,     XIX  ( boulevardier).           .




50


 ,       , https://danielko.medium.com/musings-of-tech-space-enthusiast-part-i-428c28655b44 (https://danielko.medium.com/musings-of-tech-space-enthusiast-part-i-428c28655b44).   ( ) ,      ,          . ,      ,   ! Ƞ    ,   ,   !




51


,   ,https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_() (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%85_(%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC))




52


https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07068 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07068)




53


https://www.amazon.com/Why-Greatness-Cannot-Planned-Objective-ebook/dp/B00X57B4JG/ (https://www.amazon.com/Why-Greatness-Cannot-Planned-Objective-ebook/dp/B00X57B4JG/)




54


Original Painting on Canvas,2001




55


https://www.amazon.com/------ebook/dp/B00K4YYUHG/ (https://www.amazon.com/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81-%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8-ebook/dp/B00K4YYUHG/)




56


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/- (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3-%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%B9)




57


http://www.amazon.com/dp/0465065708/ (http://www.amazon.com/dp/0465065708/)




58


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)




59


https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/open-endedness-the-last-grand-challenge-youve-never-heard-of (https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/open-endedness-the-last-grand-challenge-youve-never-heard-of)




60


https://eng.uber.com/poet-open-ended-deep-learning/ (https://eng.uber.com/poet-open-ended-deep-learning/)




61


https://eng.uber.com/enhanced-poet-machine-learning/ (https://eng.uber.com/enhanced-poet-machine-learning/)




62


https://www.litres.ru/devid-doych/nachalo-beskonechnosti-obyasneniya-kotorye-menyaut-mir/chitat-onlayn/ (https://www.litres.ru/devid-doych/nachalo-beskonechnosti-obyasneniya-kotorye-menyaut-mir/chitat-onlayn/)




63


https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=378964&seqNum=5 (https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=378964&seqNum=5)




64


https://www.strategyhubbub.com/blogs/organization-development-od/strategic-management-history-and-development/ (https://www.strategyhubbub.com/blogs/organization-development-od/strategic-management-history-and-development/)




65


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boyd_(military_strategist) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boyd_(military_strategist))




66


http://www.newcode.ru/media/NeoCode.Boyd.pdf (http://www.newcode.ru/media/NeoCode.Boyd.pdf)




67


https://www.amazon.com/Enlightenment-Now-Science-Humanism-Progress-ebook/dp/B073TJBYTB/ (https://www.amazon.com/Enlightenment-Now-Science-Humanism-Progress-ebook/dp/B073TJBYTB/)




68


https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2019-08/Happiness-Study-report-August-2019.pdf (https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2019-08/Happiness-Study-report-August-2019.pdf)




69


https://www.facebook.com/kapterev/posts/10222689292514882 (https://www.facebook.com/kapterev/posts/10222689292514882),

https://psyarxiv.com/d8f2z/ (https://psyarxiv.com/d8f2z/)




70


https://www.princeton.edu/news/2006/06/29/link-between-income-and-happiness-mainly-illusion (https://www.princeton.edu/news/2006/06/29/link-between-income-and-happiness-mainly-illusion)




71


https://newscenter.sdsu.edu/sdsu_newscenter/news_story.aspx?sid=78079 (https://newscenter.sdsu.edu/sdsu_newscenter/news_story.aspx?sid=78079)




72


Talent vs. Luck: The Role ofRandomness inSuccess and Failure,http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07068 (http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07068)




73


    :http://erazvitie.org/article/zakat_professij (http://erazvitie.org/article/zakat_professij)




74


    : https://vnaumov.blogspot.com/2020/02/blog-post_37.html (https://vnaumov.blogspot.com/2020/02/blog-post_37.html).       ,      ,    .




75


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-shaped_skills (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-shaped_skills)




76


https://stemfoundation.org.uk/asset/resource/%7B3EA5228A-B620-4783-AE91-190F2C182DAA%7D/resource.pdf (https://stemfoundation.org.uk/asset/resource/%7B3EA5228A-B620-4783-AE91-190F2C182DAA%7D/resource.pdf)




77


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics)




78


https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.08900 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.08900)




79


         : https://sbercloud.ru/ru/warp/gpt-3 (https://sbercloud.ru/ru/warp/gpt-3),     : https://yandex.ru/lab/yalm?style=0 (https://yandex.ru/lab/yalm?style=0),        ,https://huggingface.co/sberbank-ai (https://huggingface.co/sberbank-ai)




80


https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01238 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01238)




81


Pretrain then Finetune: ANew Paradigm for NLPhttps://www.mihaileric.com/posts/nlp-trends-acl-2019/ (https://www.mihaileric.com/posts/nlp-trends-acl-2019/)




82


https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165)




83


https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13586 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13586)




84


https://iq.hse.ru/news/471163755.html (https://iq.hse.ru/news/471163755.html)




85


   https://system-school.ru/ (https://system-school.ru/)     .         ,    ,        ࠖ   .




86


https://ridero.ru/books/sistemnoe_myshlenie/ (https://ridero.ru/books/sistemnoe_myshlenie/)




87


https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking (https://system-school.ru/systems-thinking)




88


https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00121 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00121)




89


http://psyhoinfo.ru/programma-sozdaniya-obshchestvennoy-professionalnoy-sfery-prosveshcheniya (http://psyhoinfo.ru/programma-sozdaniya-obshchestvennoy-professionalnoy-sfery-prosveshcheniya)




90


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdisciplinarity (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdisciplinarity)




91


https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=116477&p=83 (https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=116477&p=83) , 堖   ,   ,  ,   ,    , ,  . ,   ,   ,     蠖 . .  .        ,     ,       ,    . Ƞ   ,     .    ?        ,   ,  -  .    ,    ,   , .   ,     ,    ,  ,     .




92


https://medium.com/no-flame-no-game/--jobs-to-be-done--job-stories-4c57c1dc84cf (https://medium.com/no-flame-no-game/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5-jobs-to-be-done-%D0%B8-job-stories-4c57c1dc84cf)




93


      . https://ailev.livejournal.com/1425741.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1425741.html).




94


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_____ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2)




95


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)




96


https://ria.asturias.es/RIA/bitstream/123456789/6548/1/Archivo.pdf (https://ria.asturias.es/RIA/bitstream/123456789/6548/1/Archivo.pdf)




97


http://www.mempc.org/ (http://www.mempc.org/), While MBA and MEM programs share some similarities inshaping capable leaders through acore curriculum ineconomics, marketing, and operations, students with MEM degrees are abetter fit for todays technology companies simply because an undergraduate degree inaSTEM field is aprerequisite for admission. Since its not aprerequisite for an MBA, amajority ofcandidates graduate with anon-technical education. Inaworld where technology touches almost all aspects oflife and business, students with aMEM degree fit seamlessly into todays high-tech companies that need tech-savvy leaders for data-driven decision making and innovation-driven global strategy and growth.




98


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/___ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)       ,   ,      .       ,  ,     .




99


https://www.facebook.com/groups/blended.learning.russia/permalink/2368182406757628/ (https://www.facebook.com/groups/blended.learning.russia/permalink/2368182406757628/)




100


https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Product-Development-Flow-Generation/dp/1935401009 (https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Product-Development-Flow-Generation/dp/1935401009)




101


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban_(development) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban_(development))




102


https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_(SEBoK) (https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_(SEBoK))




103


https://ailev.livejournal.com/1464563.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1464563.html)




104


https://chiefmartec.com/2020/04/marketing-technology-landscape-2020-martech-5000/ (https://chiefmartec.com/2020/04/marketing-technology-landscape-2020-martech-5000/)




105


https://chiefmartec.com/2021/03/many-european-based-martech-products-today-3647-globally-2016/ (https://chiefmartec.com/2021/03/many-european-based-martech-products-today-3647-globally-2016/)




106


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)




107


https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/earth-to-earth-supersonic-airliners/ (https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/earth-to-earth-supersonic-airliners/)




108


On the Measure ofIntelligence, last revised 25Nov 2019,https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547)




109


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_׸____ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%A2%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B0)




110


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_cognition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_cognition),      ,  embodied cognition  embodied,   --    embedded,        /environment, enacted     , ,    ,  extended   




111


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Extended_Mind (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Extended_Mind) And what about socially-extended cognition? Could my mental states be partly constituted bythe states ofother thinkers? We see no reason why not, inprinciple.




112


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/_ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)




113


 .




114


https://ailev.livejournal.com/1045081.html (https://ailev.livejournal.com/1045081.html)




115


https://gtmarket.ru/library/basis/3961/3974 (https://gtmarket.ru/library/basis/3961/3974)


