  
 


   ,                    (, , ),              .    ,       ,       .





 

  








     ,     :     ,     ,      ,    .

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       1949 ,  1953    ,  1955        .  1957                         .  ,   ,       , ,    ,   ,      ,          .

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      .                .  ,   .          ,           ,          .     ,                 . ,    ,        ,   ?  ,       ,   ,      ,   ,     .              ,       .

  :                   .    ,     ,  -,   ,   .



 




 1




       ,           .    .       ,      ,            .  -        .                .

    , -  ,  ,   ,           . ,     ,  ,    .   , ,   ,   ,    ;  ,       ,   ,    ,     .



      ,       ,      ,       .        ,          .

,   , .      ,        .         ,         .          ,      .             ,         .

       . ,     ,    ,            ,    .                .















  ,        ,     .      .          ,          ,        ,    .            1-   ..   .                .

 , ,        .              ,              .                      .    ,   ,   ,     ,     ,      ,            .  ,    (  ,   ),       ,    .         VII     ,  ,      ,         .



     , ,           ,    .            ,    ,      ,      .     ,             ,            .        ,   .                         .

      ,    .           ,           . ,     ,     ,     10   ( 3  ). ,    ,  ,  ,    , .

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     ,  ,     .      ,          ,    .       ,     .  ,  ,     ,         .     -,   ,   .        ,                 .

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     2600  (800 ).             ,        .   ,       ,      .     ,    ,      ,                .

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       , ,   ,    ,       ,   .  ,             .

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     ,    ,         ,    .           ,   ,       ,        .




 2




 ,    ,   ,   ,    ,        .

    .          ,  ,     .         ,   ,   ,    .         XVIII     ,    ,    .        .       .      ,         .           ,   ,     .

 XVIII          .            ,            . ,  ,     ,      ,         ,    .

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 ,          ,        ,   ,      .          ,    .



 ,     ,       .     .        , ,    ,            .

          , ,   ,     .           .      ,    , ,       .

 ,   ,   .       :   ,         . , ,    ,       ,   ,  .

    ,      .       ,   ,   ,           . ,   k-t-b  ,     , .       .       , ,   . ,   -taba   , katab-ta   , katib  , kitab  , ma-ktab  ,  ,   ,  ..       ,    ,   .   maktab      m,   ,      k-t-b.

  ,        .       ,   -,    -i,    -.     ,   -a,      -;     ,   -u,      -i.

         status constructus,      . ,     ,        . ,      ham-maweth,       (ham-melekh),          : moth ham-melekh.

  ,   ,      .      ,  ,  .  ,     ,     ,  ,            ,    .   ,   ,   kitab.     :   kutub.

     ,   -, , , ,       .      ,    sing  sang  sung,  song       man-men.           ,      .      inch (),      : insh.    ,     , unush.

    ,     ,    .  , ,    ,  ,         .       ,         ,        ,      .        kataba,  ,    ,    .   ,  kataba         .   -    ,  aktaba   .  ,  , ,   k-t-b,      .

     ,       .  ,  ,   ,       ,    .   ,         ,      .      ,      - .     ,     ,  (   ,     ),  .     Past Perfect, Past Indefinite, Present Perfect (I had written, I wrote yesterday, I have already written), Present, Future Indefinite (I will come when I have written this letter, He will find out when I write to him)  Future Perfect (I shall have written before then). ,   ,       ,   ,   ,  .       Continuous (I am-was-will be writing),  ,  ,   (I used to write, I write  wrote  will write every week),      (I shall write, I was going to write).

         .   ,          ,     ,     , ,       ,     󅻠 .

  , ,     ,         . ,      ,  to be () , ,   =   .        ,              ,            .   , ,  ,    ,    .    : he that overcometh, and he that keepeth my works unto the end, to him will I give authority over the nations. (       ,     ) (., 2: 26).

    .        ,     ,           (, ,   .).   ,   ,            .      a book, we took it down = a book, which we took down  ,     ,              (6, 17): Thanks be to God that ye were servants of sin but became obedient    ,  , : Thanks be to God, that, whereas ye were servants of sin, ye became obedient ( ,  ,    ,    ).

          .           .         .

      ,         .         ,             .     ,      ,     (   ).             ,    ,       .        .     .   ,     ,       .  , ,       ,     .       . ,  , , ,  ,      .       ,     ,       ,          .



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      ?  ,         ,     .   ,   ,   ,    :         ,       .   ,       :       .

       ,   ,    ,     ,      ,   .   , , ,  ,    ,   ,       ,           .




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