  .     XVII    
 


 :   
     ,   .  (, )               .            ,         ,           .         ,   ,     ,       .





 

  :     XVII    



RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY SOCIETY OF CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHERS



EDITORIAL BOARD



CHARLES TALIAFERRO



EVIDENCE AND FAITH



PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION SINCE THE SEVENTEENH CENTURY



LANGUAGES OF SLAVIC CULTURE

ZNAK

MOSCOW 2014



      . 

The volume is published with financial support of the John Templeton Foundation



Charles Taliaferro. Evidence and Faith: Philosophy and Religion since the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge University Press, 2005



Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org

Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521790277  Charles Taliaferro 2005

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published in print format 2005




   


,     ,    [1 -      ] (. 1952)   ,   .  (, ),     ,     .           ,       ,   ,   ,  , , , -, , , ,    .       ,      ,     (The American Philosophical Association),    (The American Academy of Religion),    (the Royal Society of Philosophy),    (The Society of Christian Philosophers),    (The Evangelical Philosophical Society)  ..,         ,     Sophia, Ars Disputandi,   (The Philosophers Annual),  (Religious Studies),   (Philosophy Compass)  .[2 - :  .    //          . ., 2014. .126;  .    :    //   -   . ., 2002. .197209.]

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,        ,       :       ,           ,          ,   ,               .                 .          -    (. 23).  ,    , , , , ,          ,               .                 ,         .      ,        :          ,    ,        .

 , ,     .   ,            ,    ,    ,          (. 2324). , ,       ,        ,    ,         ,        .         ,         ,         -      [8 -         :      / .  . , . . ; . . . . ., 2013;  .  / . .  . ; . . . . . ., 2013;  .      :      / . . . . . ., 2012.],        (   ,               ).

                 ,   , ,    .   ,       evidence, ,    ,     videre, ..  (. 488),          .  ,  (evidence),       ,      ,           (proof),      ,    ,  ,   .             :     ,                         ,       .   ,      ,   , ,          ,          .



. . 







 ,            ,                ,    .    ?   ,           ?      ( )      ,        ?                ?              .

            .      ,             ,   .       ,   .    , , ,  , ,        ,      ,    ,      ,   ,   ,            .          .

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,             ,         .              .

           [10 -    ;         XVIII.,    .   :       XIV  XVI      (via moderna)      (via antiqua).].           XVII.,      .      XVII                  .              ,    .

             , ,                  .      , , ,    ,       ,    , ,   ,     ,           ,          [11 - Torretti R. The Philosophy of Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. P. xiii.].      ,        ,     ,   .   ,          ,      ,         .        , ,  .    ,    ,    .         ,    ,      XVII .

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       ,             ,   ,        .   ,     ,  ,     ,    ,       .       (),   , , ,   - ,       ,      .          ,             ,    .  ,    ,   - ()       [12 -     ,            -    :          ,   ,    ,     , ,      ,        (Worrall J. Philosophy and the Natural Sciences // Philosophy 2 / Ed. by A. C. Grayling. Oxford University Press, 1998. P. 243).          ,   , ,            ,     .].  ,      ,   ,            ,   ,  ,     .     ,       ,     .    ,       ,           ,     .              [13 -         . Jamie FerreiraM. Normativity and Reference in a Wittgensteinian Philosophy of Religion // Faith and Philosophy 18:4 (2001). P.443464.         ,          ,     -    ,    -      (Caputo J. The Religious. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002. P. 3).      ,    .     - ()           ,  ,       ,  -    ,       .    , -,   ,        ,         (Danto A. The Body/Body Problem. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. P. 245).     ,       .     .  Mitchell B. The Justification of Religious Belief. London: Macmillan, 1973.  p. 103.].

      ,         ,    .                 . (        ,    ,                !)

        .         ,     (evidence)     ,   , , ,  ,     ,     .         (    )  ,        .    :

             ?

            ?

           ,     ,    ,  ?

           ?

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          ?

             .     ,   ,       .

  (   )        ,            ,     .  , ,             ,        ,     ,  , ,  ,  (  )    ,  ,       [14 -   ,    .      ,        .             ,           .  ,       , ,            ; . Twinning W. Theories of Evidence: Bentham and Wigmore. London: Wiedenfield and Nicolson, 1985. P. 1.  . Twinning W. Some Skepticism about Some Scepticism // Rethinking Evidence. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990. Chap. 4,        ,         .].

     ,      . ,     XVII.  I,         ,               .   ,               ,      ,      .         ,     ,           ,     ,        [15 -       ,   ,      ,      . :      ?,  ( ),   , ,   ,  .  ,  -  :   ,      ?,  ,    -        ,        :           ,      .          :  ?,       ?  ,             .].           ()   .

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     ,     ;        ,           1647.




 

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      ,      ,  ,         ,          ,      ,       ,     . , ,             ,    ,            ?[48 - An Antidote against Atheism. P. 27.]


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:     , ?

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: , .

:                     ,  ,   ,  ,      (        ),      ,        (    ), ,            ,        [53 - More H. Divine Dialogues (1668). P.2022.    1668.,   .        .        ,        -   .].


           . -,            .  ,        ,    .

-,         , ,   ,   .     ,      ,       ,   .    ,      .   ,     ,     .  ,     ,    ,   .            ,      .

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      ,         ,                    .

           .  ,        ,        .

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  ,   (,   , )   (  ).   ,        .

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           . ,   ,               .              ,  ,   .       : ,            .




  



         ,         ,              .         ,    ,  :    ,  ,       .




   


       ,            .            ,     (  ,   )    . ,                (  )      ,             .       ,  ,    ( )  ,       .     :                          .

         ,   ,      ,       ,        .     ,          . ,       1770.     ,    VII.  . .     :   .       ,    ,    .  ,   ,     ,                 .  ,          ,           (      II),      ,    .  ,          [71 -           ,   XX.  ,    ( )  ,   . .,  , Robinson H. Perception. London: Routledge, 1994.].                 ,          .  ,  ,     , .       ,   ;    ,  ,        .     ,    ; ,      ,     [72 - MoreH. The Immortality of the Soul. Book I. Chap. 8 // Henri More. Garland, 1978. 2:35.         . Garber D. Soul and Mind: Life and Thought in the Seventeenth Century // The Cambridge History of the Seventeenth-Century Philosophy / Ed. by D. Garber et al. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.].              [73 - A Treatise Concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality. P. 55.].  ,   ,       ,  ,            .  ,          ,           .     ,    ,   .

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 ,          :



 ,       ,   , ,                (    )  ;       . ,        ,   ,         . , ,            [75 - Ibid. P. 6.].


            . ,     ,  ,     ,    .   :   ,   ,    ;        [76 - Aphorism 1004. Patrides Cambridge Platonists. P. 335.].

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      ,       ,        .            -     .               .           ,  ,           .       ,   .         ;          ;  ,   ,         .

         ,     .      ;   ,      , ,   .       .           ,   .       ,    , ,  , ,  .         ,  ,           ( )        -.

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    ,    ,    -    , ,   ,  ,       .       ,     ,    ,   ,   ,      -   ;  ,            ,       ,   ,       , ,     ,    ,       ,      (       ,     )[97 - Cudworth R. The True Intellectual System of the Universe. 1:209.           ,     ,             .].


        ,       ,   :          [98 - Cudworth R. The True Intellectual System of the Universe. 1:209. P. 220221.].

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               [108 - . Craig E. The Mind of God and the Works of Man. Oxford: Clarendon, 1987. P. 67.].       ,      ,      ,    ,   .           ()      ; ,       ,      .     ,    , ,   ,   ,  ,    .     .            ( )  ,  ,  ,       .        ,          ,     [109 -                , ,  ,  Anderson P. S. A Feminist Philosophy of Religion: The Rationality and Myths of Religious Belief. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.        ,      (      ),       ,         . . Idem. Why Really Discovered the Election? // The Book of Election. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.].  ,         ,      ,   ,      .

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      ,     ,   .      :



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    ,  .         ,       . . .  ,    XVII    ,  ,    :



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          ,             .

            ;            ,  .      ,      ,          .      ,  ,  ,    ,            .  ,      ,  ,     ,          :



,   ,    ,  ,  -  ,      ,      ,     :   , , , , ,           ,      ;     ,  , ,   , - :   ,   ,     ;      ,   ,          - ,   ,        ,  ,   ,      ,        .     ,           .    ,     ,   ,   :          ;               ,   ,     ,          - ,          [130 -  .     // :  2.  2. ., 1994. . 20.].


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10


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11


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    ,     , .        ,        . . .




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Cudworth R. A Sermon Preached before the House of Commons // The Cambridge Platonists / Ed. by C. A. Patrides. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. P. 102.          : Cambridge Platonist Spirituality. Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press, 2005,       . (.  10, 11. . .)




24


Cudworth R. A Sermon Preached. P. 102.




25


Ibid. P. 113.




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28


Ibid. P. 17.




29


.  Oakley F. The Absolute and Ordained Power of God and King in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: Philosophy, Science, Politics, and Law // Journal of the History of Ideas 59 (1998). P.669690; The Absolute and Ordained Power of God in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries // Journal of the History of Ideas 59 (1998). P.436461.




30


           .             ; .    (,   )   The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy / Ed. by A. S. McGrade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.




31


        (16131667),   (16131672),   (. 1670),   (16361680)    (16571711).




32


      ,         The Cambridge Platonists in Philosophical Context    .  A Bibliography of Henry More     (Hutton S. Henry More (16101687): Tercentenary Studies. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1990).           .      .   J. Passmore. Ralph Cudworth: An Interpretation.  Essay on Bibliography      Henry More: The Rational Theology of a Cambridge Platonist. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.      ,     , . Colie R. Light and Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.




33


 4  The Immortality of the Soul. P. 23     More H. A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings / Ed. by R. Welleck. Vol. 1. New York: Garland, 1978. .  : An Antidote against Atheism. P. 20.




34


      .      .




35


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    . Taylor A. E. A Commentary on Platos Timaeus. Oxford: Clarendon, 1928.          : Muirhead J. H. The Platonic Tradition in Anglo-Saxon Philosophy  Inge W. R. The Platonic Tradition in English Religious Thought. London: Longmans, Green, 1926.            : Plato  s Vision // Ecumenism, Christian Origins and the Practice of Communion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Chap. 2.     : Bigg C. The Christian Platonists of Alexandria. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.




37


More H. An Antidote against Atheism. Chap. 2, 10.




38


Optimo Maximo:   ,       .  DOM,  Deo Optimo Maximo (   )     .




39


An Antidote against Atheism. P.1011.




40


Ibid. P. 2.




41


      ,               (. ,        ).        ,           .      .        (10331109).      . The Many Faced Argument / A. C. McGill, J. Hick (Eds). New York: Macmillan, 1967.          .




42


An Antidote against Atheism. P. 13.




43


     . Morris T V. Perfect Being Theology // Nous 21 (1987).




44


An Antidote against Atheism. P. 16.




45


Ibid. P. 16.




46


Ibid. Chap. 3.




47


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An Antidote against Atheism. P. 27.




49


.   .    ,  .    .  II.




50


An Antidote against Atheism. P 3738.




51


Ward R. The Life of the Learned and Pious Dr. Henry More // The Life of Henry More / Ed. by S. Hutton et al. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2000. P. 101.      Cultural Politics and the Question of the Existence of God,     XVII.        ; . Radical Interpretation in Religion / Ed. by N. Frankenberry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.




52


.   (.). . .




53


More H. Divine Dialogues (1668). P.2022.    1668.,   .        .        ,        -   .




54


   ,            . . Sprague E. Hume, Henry More and the Design Argument // Hume Studies 14:2 (1988),       IV




55


  The True Intellectual System of the Universe      .        .. ,     .       ,       .




56


An Antidote against Atheism. P. 17.




57


Annotation upon the Discourse of the Truth. London, 1862. P 257258. :          ,    ,       (An Elegant Learned Discourse / Ed. by R. A. Greene, H. MacCallum Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971. P. 97). . Beiser F. The Sovereignty of Reason: A Defence of Rationality in the English Enlightenment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.




58


Moral and Religious Aphorisms, n. 76.       Patrides. The Cambridge Platonists. P. 327.




59


Aphorism 880. P. 334.




60


Aphorism 916. P. 334.




61


Whichcotes Third Letter // The Cambridge Platonists / Ed. by G. R. Cragg. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. P. 46. . Greene R. Whichcote, the Candle of the Lord, and Synderesis // Journal of the History of Ideas 52:4 (1991).




62


An Elegant Learned Discourse. P. 14.     ,  ,   .,   ,   Cambridge Platonist Spirituality,     ,      .        (, E. T. Compagnac). .  Dockrill D. W. The Father and Theology of the Cambridge Platonists // Studia Patristica 17:1 (1982). P.427439.




63


An Elegant Learned Discourse. P. 13.




64


Ibid. P. 79.




65


       .




66


. NavelF. E. A Portrait of Isaac Newton. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968. P. 38.




67


. Hall A. R. Sir Isaac Newtons Notebook, 16611665 // Newton, His Friends and His Foes. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1993. P. 243; Hall A. R. Henry More: Magic, Religion and Experiment. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. P. 202.  .     ,       ,     ,         . . Power J. E. More and Newton on Absolute Space // Journal of the History of Ideas 31:2 (1970).




68


Psychathanasia, book l, canto l, stanza 16 // The Complete Poems of Dr. Henry More / Ed. by A. B. Grosart. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1978.      Faerie Queene  .        ,    .      . Bieman E. Plato Baptized. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988.




69


. Dialogue on the Great World Systems / Ed. by G. Santillana. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953. P. 341.            . . Grills T. R. Galileo and Platonistic Methodology // Journal of the History of Ideas 31:4 (October-December 1970). P.501520. .    Enthusiasmus Triumphatus (1662, facsimile reprint). Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966.




70


More H. Enchiridion Ethicum. Sec. 2; Johnson S. A Dictionary of the English Language. London: J. F. and C. Rivington, 1785.




71


          ,   XX.  ,    ( )  ,   . .,  , Robinson H. Perception. London: Routledge, 1994.




72


MoreH. The Immortality of the Soul. Book I. Chap. 8 // Henri More. Garland, 1978. 2:35.         . Garber D. Soul and Mind: Life and Thought in the Seventeenth Century // The Cambridge History of the Seventeenth-Century Philosophy / Ed. by D. Garber et al. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.




73


A Treatise Concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality. P. 55.




74


An Account of Virtue. Book III. Chap. 2. .   1690.  More H. Enchiridion Ethicum. New York: Facsimile Text Society, 1930. P.56.




75


Ibid. P. 6.




76


Aphorism 1004. Patrides Cambridge Platonists. P. 335.




77


An Account of Virtue. Book III. Chap. I // Enchiridion Ethicum. P 175.        ,       . .   The Virtues of Embodiment // Philosophy 76:1 (2001).        .           . An Account of Virtue. Book III. Chap. 9.




78


The True Intellectual System of the Universe. 2vols. New York: Gould and Newman, 1837. 1:34.




79


.:   . . .




80


A Treatise Concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality, with a Treatise on Freewill. P. 155.




81


   ,     . Intellectual Revolution of the Seventeenth Century / Ed. by C. Webster. London: Routledge, 1974. .  Shapiro B. J. Probability and Certainty in Seventeenth-Century England: A Study of the Relationships between Natural Science, Religion, History, Law, and Literature. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.   ,          ,  Champion J. A. I. The Pillars of Priestcraft Shaken: The Church of England and Its Enemies, 16601730. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.




82


. Passmore J. Ralf Cudworth: An Interpretation. P. 9.




83


Ibid.         .  ,      - (self-). . RonaldH. New Worlds and Antedatings from Cudworths Treatise on Free Will // Notes and Queries 205 (1960). P.427432; Cudworth: More New Words // Notes and Queries 208 (1963). P.212213; Cudworth and His Contemporaries: New Words and Antedatings // Notes and Queries 220 (1975). P.313314.




84


On the Nature of Liberum Arbitrium // The Cambridge Platonist in Philosophical Context / Ed. by Rogers et al. P. 220.




85


Cudworth R. On Political Sovereignty // Cragg G. R. The Cambridge Platonists. P. 361.




86


. Darwell S. The British Moralists and the Eternal Ought: 16401740. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 120.          .          ,  ,       .




87


Preface General // Philosophical Writings. Sec. 7.    1662. More H. Vol. 1. Garland, 1978. P. ix.




88


Aphorism 40.        ,      The Cambridge Platonists. P. 423.         .    ,    ( . ),  1667  1675.,     . .Marshall J. John Locke: Resistance, Religion, and Responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P.7879.




89


 latitude (.)  . . .




90


. Griffin M. Latitudinarianism in the Seventeenth-Century Church of England. Leiden: E. J. Brll, 1992. ,         ,   ,     :          ,      (.   //  . ., 1989. . 84). . Gascoigne J. Cambridge and the Latitude-Men // Cambridge in the Age of the Enlightenment: Science, Religion and Politics from the Restoration to the French Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.




91


. A Narrative of the Late Proceeds at White-Hall, Concerning the Jews. London: Chapman, 1656. -  . Jewish Thought in the Seventeenth Century / J. Twersky, B. Septimus (Eds). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987; Menasseh Ben Israel and His World / Eds by Y Kaplan et al. Leiden: Brill, 1989.




92


. More H. The Defense of the Threefold Cabbala (1662).     More H. A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings. Vol. 2. New York: Garland, 1978.




93


. The Conway Letters  the Correspondence of Anne Viscountess Conway, Henry More and Their Friends, rev. ed. /Ed. by S. Hutton. Oxford: Oxford

University Press, 1992. January 7, 1665/6 letter, P. 128. .      .




94


  :         ,       ,    ; . Damaris Cudworth Masham: A Seventeenth Century Feminist Philosophy // Hypatia 4:1 (1989). P. 84. . Hutton S. Between Platonism and Enlightenment: Damaris Cudworth, Lady Masham // British Journal of the History of Philosophy 1 (1993).




95


The Development of Religious Toleration in England, Attainment of the Theory and Accommodation in Thought and Institutions (16401660). Gloucester: Peter Smith, 1965. P. 108.            .   1648,        ,    ,        .                    .   ,           ,           (16431715).         .         .    ,   ,       .            ,           .  ,       .        ,      ;      ,    ;      .          . . : NeilS. Anglicanism. New York: Oxford University Press. P. 160.




96


Schuman H. Scientist and Amateurs: A History of the Royal Society. New York: H. Wolff, 1948. P. 6.   . Lyons H. G. The Royal Society. 16601940. New York: Greenwood, 1968.




97


Cudworth R. The True Intellectual System of the Universe. 1:209.           ,     ,             .




98


Cudworth R. The True Intellectual System of the Universe. 1:209. P. 220221.




99


The Immortality of the Soul. London, 1712. P. 203.




100


.   The Seventeenth-Century Doctrine of Plastic Nature // Natural Theological Review 43 (1950). P.197213.     ,          (1660).




101


An Elegant and Learned Discourse of the Light of Nature. P. 26.




102


Ibid. P. 147.




103


       . Hasher W. The Emergent Self. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. ,          ,        .            .




104


.  , 343-344 //  :  4.  4. ., 1994. .495496.  ,       . . Glanvill J. The Vanity of Dogmatizing.     (Columbia University Press, 1931).




105


Cudworth R. The True Intellectual System of the Universe. 1:179180.




106


,    ,    (   )  .     ,      ,          .. ,        ,       .




107


Aphorism 1118. Patrides C. A. (ed.). The Cambridge Platonists. P. 336.




108


. Craig E. The Mind of God and the Works of Man. Oxford: Clarendon, 1987. P. 67.




109


               , ,  ,  Anderson P. S. A Feminist Philosophy of Religion: The Rationality and Myths of Religious Belief. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.        ,      (      ),       ,         . . Idem. Why Really Discovered the Election? // The Book of Election. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.




110


.,  , SidgwickH. Outlines of the History of Ethics. London: Macmillan, 1949. P. 172.




111


. Chap. 6, Cassirer E. The Platonic Renaissance in England / Trans. by J. P. Pettegrove. New York: Guardian Press, 1970. P.172185.




112


. : Wolterstorff N. Reason within the Bounds of Religion. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1976. P. 11.




113


Hobbes T. Considerations upon the Reputation, Loyalty and Religion of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury. London: 1680 for William Crooke, at the Green Dragon without Templebar. P.3233.




114


.  III    .




115


An Antidote against Atheism. P. 142.




116


. The True Intellectual System of the Universe,  1:507572.   ,               ,    VIII.




117


       ;         , . . , . .    . .,  , Philosophical Dimensions of Parapsychology / H. L. Edge, J. M. O. (Eds). Wheatly. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1976.




118


. Material // The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology / Ed. by C. T. Onions. Oxford: Clarendon, 1966.




119


Preface to the Readers // Psychathanasia. Book 1 (1646).




120


Prior A. N. Logic and the Basis of Ethics. Oxford: Clarendon, 1949. P. 23.




121


Ibid. P.2223.




122


Greene R. A. Henry More and Robert Boyle on the Spirit of Nature // Journal of the History of Ideas 23:4 (October-December 1962). P. 453.




123


Taylor C. Sources of the Self: Making of the Modern Identity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989. P.250251.




124


. Harrison P. Newtonian Science, Miracles, and the Law of Nature // Journal of the History of Ideas 56:4 (October 1995). P.531553.




125


. Carter B. Hypothesis of God: Methodological Problems of Theology in Intellectual History. Lecture. St. Olaf College, 2004.




126


      . Brigg J. C. Bacons Science and Religion // The Cambridge Companion to Bacon / Ed. by M. Peltonen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.    ,         ,  ,    . . Popkin R. H. The History of Skepticism, from Savonarola to Bayle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.




127


  : That Nothing Is Known / Trans. by D. F. S. Thomson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.      :   []? ,      .




128


.    , 7 //  : . . /. . . . . . .: .  : , 1994. .109110.




129


Carley E. M. Descartes against Skeptics. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978. P. 10.




130


 .     // :  2.  2. ., 1994. . 20.




131


         . Atheism from the Reformation to the Enlightenment // M. Hunter, D. Wooton (Eds). Oxford: Clarendon, 1992.




132


The True Intellectual System of the Universe, 2:558.


