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      ,    .    蠖     ,    ,       .        ,      ,   ,      .             .        ;    ;         ;             ,        ;       [5 -         :    ;    (      : Nettle Daniel. Personality: What Makes You the Way You Are. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. .100. .  Schmitt David P. The Big Five Related to Risky Sexual Behaviour Across 10 World Regions: Differential Personality Associations of Sexual Promiscuity and Relationship Infi delity/ European Journal of Personality 18, no.4 (2004): 30119.) ;     (  ,       ,  : Killgore William D. S. et al. The Trait of Introversion Extraversion Predicts Vulnerability to Sleep Deprivation/ Journal of Sleep Research 16, no.4 (2007): 35463. .  Taylor Daniel, McFatter Robert M. Cognitive Performance After Sleep Deprivation: Does Personality Make a Difference?/ Personality and Individual Differences 34, no.7 (2003): 117993; Smith Andrew, Maben Andrea. Effects of Sleep Deprivation, Lunch, and Personality on Performance, Mood, and Cardiovascular Function/ Physiology and Behavior 54, no.5 (1993): 96772.) ;     (. 7 (#litres_trial_promo)) ;   (. 7 (#litres_trial_promo)) ;  堖 ;   (. 2 (#g2))       ,  ;     (. 3 (#litres_trial_promo)  7 (#litres_trial_promo)) . . .].        ,   .           ,         -  .            .

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           .  ,      ,        .      , ,   ,     .   ,    ,      , ,      ⠖ ,  ,      ,    [9 -   Bayne Rowan The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: A Critical Review and Practical Guide. London: Chapman and Hall, 1995. .47,    ,       36;        1985.    ,      1996   914219   : 49,7    50,7ࠖ . .Estimated Frequencies of the Types in the United States Population,      1996 2003.     ,       36 50,7:      .  ,     , ,          1966 1993.     . Jean M.Twenge. Birth Cohort Changes in Extraversion: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis, 19661993/ Personality and Individual Differences 30 (2001): 73548.]. (,       [10 -        : 1) Juri Allik, Robert R. McCrae. Toward a Geography of Personality Traits: Patterns of Profi les Across 36 Cultures/ Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35 (2004): 1328; 2)Robert R. McCrae, Antonio Terracciano.Personality Profi les of Cultures: Aggregate Personality Traits/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89:3 (2005): 407 25.],            .)      ,       , ,   .

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1984 蠫   [23 - Fitzgerald. The Genesis of Artistic Creativity..89.];

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-,      ,  -,         .                   .  ,        ,   ,     -,  -   . ( [48 - Aino Sallinen-Kuparinen et al. Willingness to Communicate, Communication Apprehension, Introversion, and Self-Reported Communication Competence: Finnish and American Comparisons/ Communication Research Reports, 8 (1991): 57.]   .   :  ,    ?  .    ,      ,    .)

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       ,         ,    ,       ,     .  1926      Public Speaking and Influencing Men in Business (       ).    :  ,      ,    ,     ,   [52 - Dale Carnegie. The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking. New York: Pocket Books, 1962; revised by Dorothy Carnegie from Public Speaking and Infl uencing Men in Business, by Dale Carnegie.].   ,      ,      .


* * *

      ,           .            ,      ,    ,     ,      ,         . ,       ,       [53 - Warren Susman. Culture as History: The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2003. . 27185. .  Ian A. M. Nicholson. Gordon Allport, Character, and the Culture of Personality, 18971937/ History of Psychology 1, no.1 (1998): 5268.],   ,    ,        .

 ,   , ,   .    ,     ,       .    (personality)      XVIII ,           XX[54 - . Susman. Culture as History, .277.                 . ʠ1930,    ,        . .  Sol Cohen. The Mental Hygiene Movement, the Development of Personality and the School: The Medicalization of American Education/ History of Education Quarterly 32, no.2 (1983), 123 49.].

        ,     .           .   ,          ,  ,  .

         .              ,    .     ,    ,      ,      ,     .        ,         .  1790  3    [55 - Alan Berger. The City: Urban Communities and Their Problems. Dubuque, IA: Wilnotes liam C. Brown Co., 1978. .  Warren Simpson Thompson et al. Population Trends in the United States. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1969.]; 1840-젖 8,   1920-     .       [56 - David E. Shi. The Simple Life: Plain Living and High Thinking in American Culture. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1985. .154.],  1867   .   , ,      .

       .    ,        ,           . ,         ,   ,          [57 - Roland Marchand. Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 19201940. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. .209.].   -,         ,    ,    ,    ,    ,    .     ,    ,     ,    .

             ,        .         .         ,      (The Pilgrims Progress)[58 - John Bunyan. The Pilgrims Progress. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. .  Elizabeth Haiken. Venus Envy: A History of Cosmetic Surgery. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997..99.],  1678,    ,       .   XIX     ,       .  ,          ,   ,     ,    [59 - Amy Henderson. Media and the Rise of Celebrity Culture/ Organization of American Historians Magazine of History 6 (Spring 1992).], ,     ,    .       ,       .  1899 [60 - Orison Swett Marden. Character: The Grandest Thing in the World, 1899; reprint. Kessinger Publishing, 2003..13.]  :     (Character: The Grandest Thing in the World)[61 -   . . .]     ,          - ,  -   .  ,    ,      ,      .

 1920-   [62 - . Susman. Culture as History. .27185.]          젖      ,      .     ,  ,    ,   .       .  Success The Saturday Evening Post[63 - Carl Elliott. Better Than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003. .61.]  ,          .  ,   :    ,  1899,  1921-  .     (Masterful Personality)[64 -    : .   . .:  , 2009;  .   . .: ,  , , 2007;  .     . .:  , 2009. . .].

    . ,     :     [65 - Susman. Culture as History. .279.]. ,   20-   ,     ,    .       :    ,     ,         [66 - Hazel Rawson Cades. A Twelveto-Twenty Talk/ Womens Home Companion, September 1925: 71].

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* * *

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-[71 -         .    -. . .]           .     Dr. Wests    ,         , :    -     ?[72 - Marchand. Advertising the American Dream, . 209.]  堖         .       Williams             [73 - Marchand. Advertising the American Dream, 213.],   .         .

      ,            ,     .  1921    Woodburys    ,      .    ,    ,   [74 -        Cosmopolitan   1921.],           .

        Lux      ,   [75 -       . . .].   ,     ?[76 - Rita Barnard. The Great Depression and the Culture of Abundance: Kenneth Fearing, Nathanael West, and Mass Culture in the 1930s. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995..188. .  Marchand. Advertising the American Dream. .210.]    ,       ,   - .   ,     .

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              .  ,             [77 - Patricia A. McDaniel. Shrinking Violets and Caspar Milquetoasts: Shyness, Power, and Intimacy in the United States, 19501995. New York: New York University Press, 2003..3343.]   . ,           ,  .         ,     ,       ,         .  ,          ,      ,     .             .    ,     .

              ,    .                    , ,  ,    . ,        ,    .        1926,     ,   .               . ,         ,    ,    .

           .  1920     [78 - Nicholson. Gordon Allport, Character, and the Culture of Personality, 18971937. .5268. .  Gordon Allport. A Test for Ascendance-Submission/ Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology 23 (1928): 11836. ,      ,    Personality Traits: Their Classifi cation and Measurement 1921.        :        1924. ,       ,  .]          ,    .  ,  ,     ,   ,     ,  .  1921          .        ,      ,      .   ,             [79 - . ..   , , 2001.].

         ,       . ͠      堖  1920-     [80 - Haiken. 27 Venus Envy. .11114.],       .     ?           (Understanding Human Nature).  ?  ?  ,               .            .   -   ,       蠖      .

            .              ,  ,  ..  1924   Colliers    ,     - ,      .             ,    ,          . ,      .       . , ,  ,       ,     Colliers 1939. ,     ,  ,      .  ,        .

     [81 - McDaniel. Shrinking Violets. .4344.],       ,      .  ,             ,    ,     ,         ,   .     ,  ,    ,        .      ,      ,  젖          ꠫      .        .  1950               .

         ,    [82 - Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society: Shyness; http://www.faqs.org/childhood/Re-So/Shyness.html (http://www.faqs.org/childhood/Re-So/Shyness.html).],       ,    .                [83 - David Riesman. The Lonely Crowd. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor, reprinted by arrangement with Yale University Press, 1953), esp. 7985 and 91. .  The People: Freedom New Style/ Time, September 27, 1954.],      .          ,        .        [84 - William H. Whyte. The Organization Man. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1956; reprint, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002..382, 384.]. (        .)

  1956   (The Organization Man)   ,       ,    .      ,     .  ,     ,         .     - ,       .    ,  .    ,    ,            .

 ,  ,    ,     ,       ⠫ .        ,      ,  ,      . ,   ,     ,   .  1940-     [85 - Jerome Karabel. The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. Boston: Houghton Miffl in, 2005. .185, 223.],       ,  ,         .  1950-      ,     ࠖ   ,     ,    .       ,              ,    ,      ,       .         .      ,      (    8085)       .      [86 - Whyte. The Organization Man. .105.].

          ,       ,        ,     . ,   ,      .    ,  ,     (,     , ),      ,  , ,  ...      1950-,         ,    ,       .

       ,     ,      .   IBM,   ,           蠖  ! (Ever Onward IBM!),    Selling IBM[87 - Hank Whittemore. IBM in Westchester The Low Profile of the True Believers/ New York, May 22, 1972.   ,    1950- .        http://www.digibarn.com/collections/songs/ibm-songs (http://www.digibarn.com/collections/songs/ibm-songs).]   Singin in the Rain[88 -   컠    . . .].  IBM,   .   IBM.   ,       .    :       IBM.  , ,  IBM.

     ,       :          .

   .     ,           .  1955   Carter-Wallace     Miltown,        .    Miltown       ,      .  1956         ,   1960-           Equanil[89 - Louis Menand. Head Case: Can Psychiatry Be a Science?/ The New Yorker, March1, 2010.].        ,   Equanil.  1960      Serentil       .    ,   [90 - Elliott. Better Than Well. . xv.].


* * *

, ,      .       [91 - Kenneth R. Olson. Why Do Geographic Differences Exist in the Worldwide Distribution of Extraversion and Openness to Experience? The History of Human Emigration as an Explanation/ Individual Differences Research 5, no.4 (2007): 27588. .  Chuansheng Chen. Population Migration and the Variation of Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4) Allele Frequencies Around the Globe/Evolution and Human Behavior 20 (1999): 30924.](  ,    ).        ,   ,        .   ,      ,  ,   ,       .      ,   ,                     .

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   ,       [96 - Richard Hofstadter. Anti-Intellectualism in American Life. New York: Vintage Books, 1962. p. 51, 25657.]        ,          ,     .   1828[97 - Neal Gabler. Life: The Movie. .28.]      ,    ,  ,   .        :         .

    ?   ,      . (, - ,         [98 - Steven J. Rubenzer et al. Assessing the U.S. Presidents Using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Assessment 7, no.4 (2000): 40320.]    .)

             .                 ,         .        [99 - Harold Stearns. America and the Young Intellectual. New York: George H. Duran Co., 1921.],    1921.     ,        ,  ,  [100 - Henderson. Media and the Rise of Celebrity Culture.].         蠓,            .

       ,        : ,       ,       ,  .    ,    ,      ,          ,        .

   1915       ,            [101 -  .. . .], ,           .            [102 - William Wordsworth. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, 1802.] (  1802)  ,      [103 - Henry David Thoreau. Walden, 1854.],[104 -     .    ,       ,       ,       . . .] (  1845-),         ,              .


* * *

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notes








1


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6


.   .




7


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8


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64


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71


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73


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74


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75


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107


American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4


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108


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109


., , http://www.nationalpost.com/Business+Bestsellers/3927572/story.html (http://www.nationalpost.com/Business%2bBestsellers/3927572/story.html).




110


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111


Michael Erard. Um: Slips, Stumbles, and Verbal Blunders, and What They Mean. New York: Pantheon, 2007. .156.




112


http://www.toastmasters.org/MainMenuCategories/WhatisToastmasters.aspx (http://www.toastmasters.org/MainMenuCategories/WhatisToastmasters.aspx) (accessed September 10, 2010).




113


    : http://www.toastmasters.org/DVDclips.aspx (http://www.toastmasters.org/DVDclips.aspx) ( 29  2010);  Welcome to Toastmasters! The entire 15minute story.




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117


Melanie Lindner. What People Are Still Willing to Pay For/ Forbes. 2009. January 15.  11    2008,       Marketdata Enterprises.        6,2    2012.


