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 1

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1.1  


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1.2, !


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1.3  ,     


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1.4    


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   ,   ,   ,        - .


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  ;

  ,           ,          ;

   .

            [1 - Teresa Bigand et al. Examining Risk for Persistent Pain among Adults with Overweight Status],    [2 - Boyd ASwinburn et al. The global obesity pandemic: shaped byglobal drivers and local environments],[3 - Paul Campos et al. The epidemiology ofoverweight and obesity: public health crisis or moral panic?].     ,       [4 - E Robinson Overweight but unseen: areview ofthe underestimation ofweight status and avisual normalization theory].

     ࠖ  (  ),     (,   ),       [5 - D OOkorodudu et al. Diagnostic performance ofbody mass index toidentify obesity as defined bybody adiposity: asystematic review and meta-analysis].        %  [6 - Orison OWoolcott et al. Relative fat mass (RFM) as anew estimator ofwhole-body fat percentage ? Across-sectional study inAmerican adult individuals]    ,   .








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,     ,   ,     . ʠ,               -  ()[7 - Arch G Mainous 3rd et al. Effect ofSedentary Lifestyle on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Healthy Adults With Body Mass Indexes 18.5to29.9kg/m


].

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    6,   䠖  [8 - Andreas Holtermann et al. The physical activity paradox: six reasons why occupational physical activity (OPA) does not confer the cardiovascular health benefits that leisure time physical activity does]:

1.                - .

2.   24-   .

3. ,      ,     24.

4.      .

5.      .

6.    .

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    ?

     364            [9 - Rasha El-Kotob et al. Resistance training and health inadults: an overview ofsystematic reviews].  ,   : ,  ,  , ,  ,  ,  ,  , , ,   ..  ,       , ,  , .  ,       .  蠖      ,    ,      .

   ,     23   .  ,  , -   . Ƞ ,   .        .        . Ƞ, ,  ,    .     ,   140,      [10 - Carla M Prado et al. Implications oflow muscle mass across the continuum ofcare: anarrative review]:

     ,     , ,     ;

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          ,    ;

     ()    ,       ;

    ,   (   , , ,    ).

  ,     ,       . ,  (   )  .  ,        ,     .   蠖 ,     ,     ,    [11 - Maren S Fragala et al. Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association].  ,       75% , 堫 [12 - Simon Steib et al. Dose-response relationship ofresistance training inolder adults: ameta-analysis][13 - Ron Borde et al. Dose-Response Relationships ofResistance Training inHealthy Old Adults: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis].

,    40+ ,   ,    , , ,  ,    .  , ,   40   73,  -    ,   ⠫    ,   -  .  ,      頖     ,    .       18?  ,    ,  ? ,    ,  ,    .

  -,   63,    17206 22375 ,   ,      -  (), ,    [14 - Jacob Pacifico et al. Prevalence ofsarcopenia as acomorbid disease: Asystematic review and meta-analysis]. ,   ,       [15 - Andrew P Wroblewski et al. Chronic exercise preserves lean muscle mass inmasters athletes].

 ,   ,     ,    ,     (    ).   ,   ,     .. ?  ?




1.5  


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, ,   , ,       , ,     .  - 19  ,    軠      [16 - Vanessa Allom et al. Does inhibitory control training improve health behaviour? Ameta-analysis].    ,  ,    [17 - Eleanor Miles et al. Does self-control improve with practice? Evidence from asix-week training program].  ,  ,      ,     ,    [18 - Wilhelm Hofmann et al. Everyday temptations: an experience sampling study ofdesire, conflict, and self-control].

.      ,  ,   ,     , ,     ,   .     .          ,     .    ,      . Ӡ     ,      ,   .

 ,      ,   ? ,   !       ,  ,   蠫  , , ,   ..  :

       [19 - Brian M Galla et al. More than resisting temptation: Beneficial habits mediate the relationship between self-control and positive life outcomes].

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1.6  ?


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    !       .      ,  . ,  ,   蠖 ,      .   .      ? ,     .   ,  ,     6  .   ,    ,   ,    .

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1.7  ,   


   ,     :     ,   . Ƞ  ,    ,   ,  렖 .  ,  ,   ,   , , ,    ,    .   ,   ,  , ,  5     ,    .  :   ,     ,  15,       ,   ,    . , ,  .

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 , ,    ,      .   ,  , ,     ..  ,      ,   2030,      .      34  ,     . ,       ,     ,     .




1.8  ?


    ,    :   ?     ,   40    .  , ,      ,     ,    ,    . ,    ,   40. Ѡ , , , ,  , ,  .  젖  ,  , ,    . Ѡ ,      .

Ѡ     ,      ,      75   [20 - Jozo Grgic et al. Effects ofResistance Training on Muscle Size and Strength inVery Elderly Adults: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis ofRandomized Controlled Trials]. ,  ,  - .       , ,    ,    ,     . , - :     !.  ,   ,      .   .

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 2

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2.1  ,      


 ,    70%   30% . ,    ,   , ,    ,      ,        /.   堖   .   ,  ,      .

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5. 

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13.  

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    (),   堖     . Ƞ     ,       ,    ,  .    5 .  ,    ,  ,    [21 - Elise C Cope et al. Microglia Play an Active Role inObesity-Associated Cognitive Decline].

   - ,  ,     ,  .      ,     ,  ,       .    , ,   ,   [22 - Alan AAragon, Brad J Schoenfeld et al. International society ofsports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition]:

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2.2   ,    


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    ;

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  ,     . ,  ,    !       ?  ,         ,  !  ,      ,  ?     , ,   ,  ,    .  ,   /,  ࠖ    .  ,       ,  ,     ,    [23 - Alan AAragon et al. International society ofsports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition].  , !




2.3   


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2.4   ,  


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1.   , , 300.

2.    , ,  860.

3. 860 300   ,    2,9.

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5.    100     35.

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2.5     


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.

  70.

1 1896;

2 2154;

3 1568;

4 1955;

5 1870;

6 2030;

7 1786.

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   ,  1900  50100      ,    .    ,    .  , ,  ,  -  .. , ,  .

        ,   ,   .




2.6  


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2.7 蠖  ?


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2.      ,  .     ,      .

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4.   ,     ,   .  ,      .

5.  !    .     ,     .     ,    堖   . ,     ,           ,   .      !     ,       .




2.8    


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1.    .

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2.    .

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 ,      60,     ,  ,    .      2 .

4.   .

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2.9    


 ,   ,       ,   .  ,    , :   1200,    .  ,  ,  .  ,  ,  , , ,   ,  ,    .   ,   ,      . ,  ,      ,   ,   .

,  1500 堖  ,   .        1200.         1500,    ! ,   ,       ?

         : 8, 2242%[25 - Nancy IWilliams et al. Magnitude ofdaily energy deficit predicts frequency but not severity ofmenstrual disturbances associated with exercise and caloric restriction]. ,     ,    ,      .     4-  . ,        .  %         . Ƞ   .  , ,    ,    .         (    ).

Ƞ      ,         .   , ,     ,   ,  .




2.10   1200


  ,  3  10000 ,   . Ƞ -  , , ,  -  (  - , ).     .  : X=Y-Z,  X   , Y   , Z   . ,     .        ,      Y,    Z,  X   .   ,  , : , ,  ,  ,    ࠖ     ,      Z,    .  ,   - ,     .     .

      ? (). ࠖ    ,   ,   ,       ,      .     , ,    ,     .

     .   168,     5  ,    3%  .      .  ,        .

     28  ,       ,         ,    [26 - Kristine Beaulieu et al. Does Habitual Physical Activity Increase the Sensitivity ofthe Appetite Control System? ASystematic Review].   :








. 3.      



    , ,   .       ,    .  ,           ,  頖  .      ,      ,     .  ,   ,    , ,    ,  ,   ,   ,     ,     ,   .

 ,     , ,      800,   .   ,    , -  -       2000.  34   ,   .  ,  ,     ,  .   !

,   ,     .  ,   ,   .      .   ,    10,    ,   2 -     ,  [27 - K M Buhl et al. Unexplained disturbance inbody weight regulation: diagnostic outcome assessed bydoubly labeled water and body composition analyses inobese patients reporting low energy intakes].

   ,  ,         . ,  10,    .     蠖   ,  23    .    ,    ?       ,     .  .








. 4.     



   ,  224  ,    1200,  [28 - S WLichtman et al. Discrepancy between self-reported and actual caloric intake and exercise inobese subjects].  頖  !    ,  ,   .   ,   , -  .

,   ,   .    ,   .     ,     ,     ,   . -  ,  .    .   頖 ,    100, .    ,   ,  .    ,   800,    .

  .    ,   .    50%  .  ,   ,     ,   .




2.11   


      .  , ,   ,     :     . ,  ,     . , , . Ƞ,      ,   .      =  . Ƞ     (  ), ,  렖 .

-,  ,      - ,     . ꠖ    , , ,  - ,  .  . ,     ,    .    .   ,     ,  ?    .    (  ).

  . ,    2000  .    . , -     (  ),   , ,  ,     500 .    1500,    2000, , ,   .  ,        ,       1500.

 -.  -   , ,   , ,     ;     ,           ! !

    .    ꠫ .     57   16     [29 - Tracey McLaughlin et al. Effects ofmoderate variations inmacronutrient composition on weight loss and reduction incardiovascular disease risk inobese, insulin-resistant adults].      60% , 堖  ,  40% .    ,  ,    .     ,  -     .

    ,         ,   ,   - [30 - G D Brinkworth et al. Long-term effects ofahigh-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers inobese hyperinsulinemic subjects],[31 - N H Baba et al. High protein vs high carbohydrate hypoenergetic diet for the treatment ofobese hyperinsulinemic subjects],[32 - Jennifer B Keogh et al. Long-term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high ineither monounsaturated fat or protein inobese hyperinsulinaemic men and women].  ,       (American Thyroid Association,    ),   ,           .   ,  24,5     ,   -    . Ƞ           .   :  ,           ,       ,             ,     ,   /  .  ,           .

162        56[33 - J Dale et al. Weight gain following treatment ofhyperthyroidism].           [34 - Jesper Karmisholt et al. Weight loss after therapy ofhypothyroidism is mainly caused byexcretion ofexcess body water associated with myxoedema].   ,  ,   , .     ,     .      .      ,     .   ,    ,    .




2.12   


堖   ,    , 頖 . ʠ,     .     ,     ,         . Ƞ    -   (  ia lenivoegavno),       .

   , 1    9. , ,    . Ƞ1     7500.      .    ,     .     90%   [35 - AD Martin et al. Adipose tissue density, estimated adipose lipid fraction and whole body adiposity inmale cadavers].  1958 ,          87%[36 - M WISHNOFSKY Caloric equivalents ofgained or lost weight].   1 (454)     395 . ,          3750.

   ,        . Ӡ     ,  .  ,     ,      1    7500.

  .   1  ,   7500.  30,   7500.    250.    2  ,    500 ..

  10 ? 7500 10,  75000.  30   2500.  ,     ? , !        ,       2500 !           ,      ,   .    .   ,   20,    120, .    20,   80. ʠ,         3 .

     :



,    !

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2.13 ,    


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   ,   ?

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. 5.  



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. 6.   



,  .    ?       .  .

,  . ,      (  ) 1900. ,      1600. , ,     ,  (,  ..).  , :

1600 * 7 = 11200.        11200.

 ,     ,   :    . , 4 .  1600, 1300 ( ,    ).

1300 * 4= 5200.  ,  3   11200 5200= 6000.       6000/ 3= 2000. ,     .

   :   .  ,  .  , ,  .     ,   , 蠖    :  ,  .  ,    ,      ,   [38 - Bill ICampbell et al. Intermittent Energy Restriction Attenuates the Loss ofFat Free Mass inResistance Trained Individuals. ARandomized Controlled Trial].




2.14   


,    ,   .   ,  ?      43 27,   ?      ,  ?

Ӡ        ?  ?  ,      ?      ?

     ,  ,    .        -,    ,      .   ,   ! ?

     ( ,    )     .        ,   ? 蠖  = .   ,    ,  .   ,  ,  ,  .




2.15    


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notes








1


Teresa Bigand et al. Examining Risk for Persistent Pain among Adults with Overweight Status




2


Boyd ASwinburn et al. The global obesity pandemic: shaped byglobal drivers and local environments




3


Paul Campos et al. The epidemiology ofoverweight and obesity: public health crisis or moral panic?




4


E Robinson Overweight but unseen: areview ofthe underestimation ofweight status and avisual normalization theory




5


D OOkorodudu et al. Diagnostic performance ofbody mass index toidentify obesity as defined bybody adiposity: asystematic review and meta-analysis




6


Orison OWoolcott et al. Relative fat mass (RFM) as anew estimator ofwhole-body fat percentage ? Across-sectional study inAmerican adult individuals




7


Arch G Mainous 3rd et al. Effect ofSedentary Lifestyle on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Healthy Adults With Body Mass Indexes 18.5to29.9kg/m







8


Andreas Holtermann et al. The physical activity paradox: six reasons why occupational physical activity (OPA) does not confer the cardiovascular health benefits that leisure time physical activity does




9


Rasha El-Kotob et al. Resistance training and health inadults: an overview ofsystematic reviews




10


Carla M Prado et al. Implications oflow muscle mass across the continuum ofcare: anarrative review




11


Maren S Fragala et al. Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association




12


Simon Steib et al. Dose-response relationship ofresistance training inolder adults: ameta-analysis




13


Ron Borde et al. Dose-Response Relationships ofResistance Training inHealthy Old Adults: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis




14


Jacob Pacifico et al. Prevalence ofsarcopenia as acomorbid disease: Asystematic review and meta-analysis




15


Andrew P Wroblewski et al. Chronic exercise preserves lean muscle mass inmasters athletes




16


Vanessa Allom et al. Does inhibitory control training improve health behaviour? Ameta-analysis




17


Eleanor Miles et al. Does self-control improve with practice? Evidence from asix-week training program




18


Wilhelm Hofmann et al. Everyday temptations: an experience sampling study ofdesire, conflict, and self-control




19


Brian M Galla et al. More than resisting temptation: Beneficial habits mediate the relationship between self-control and positive life outcomes




20


Jozo Grgic et al. Effects ofResistance Training on Muscle Size and Strength inVery Elderly Adults: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis ofRandomized Controlled Trials




21


Elise C Cope et al. Microglia Play an Active Role inObesity-Associated Cognitive Decline




22


Alan AAragon, Brad J Schoenfeld et al. International society ofsports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition




23


Alan AAragon et al. International society ofsports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition




24


V Bonganha et al. Predictive equations overestimate the resting metabolic rate inpostmenopausal women




25


Nancy IWilliams et al. Magnitude ofdaily energy deficit predicts frequency but not severity ofmenstrual disturbances associated with exercise and caloric restriction




26


Kristine Beaulieu et al. Does Habitual Physical Activity Increase the Sensitivity ofthe Appetite Control System? ASystematic Review




27


K M Buhl et al. Unexplained disturbance inbody weight regulation: diagnostic outcome assessed bydoubly labeled water and body composition analyses inobese patients reporting low energy intakes




28


S WLichtman et al. Discrepancy between self-reported and actual caloric intake and exercise inobese subjects




29


Tracey McLaughlin et al. Effects ofmoderate variations inmacronutrient composition on weight loss and reduction incardiovascular disease risk inobese, insulin-resistant adults




30


G D Brinkworth et al. Long-term effects ofahigh-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk markers inobese hyperinsulinemic subjects




31


N H Baba et al. High protein vs high carbohydrate hypoenergetic diet for the treatment ofobese hyperinsulinemic subjects




32


Jennifer B Keogh et al. Long-term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high ineither monounsaturated fat or protein inobese hyperinsulinaemic men and women




33


J Dale et al. Weight gain following treatment ofhyperthyroidism




34


Jesper Karmisholt et al. Weight loss after therapy ofhypothyroidism is mainly caused byexcretion ofexcess body water associated with myxoedema




35


AD Martin et al. Adipose tissue density, estimated adipose lipid fraction and whole body adiposity inmale cadavers




36


M WISHNOFSKY Caloric equivalents ofgained or lost weight




37


Ina Garthe et al. Effect oftwo different weight-loss rates on body composition and strength and power-related performance inelite athletes




38


Bill ICampbell et al. Intermittent Energy Restriction Attenuates the Loss ofFat Free Mass inResistance Trained Individuals. ARandomized Controlled Trial




39


Ruben Meerman et al. When somebody loses weight, where does the fatgo?


