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  - (,  -   )       -,          -  .      ,    ;      ,  .                   -.         ,          [1 -    -         .     ,      . . Kessler M. and Rawlins R. A 75-Year Pictorial History of the Cayo Santiago Rhesus Monkey Colony. American Journal of Primatology. 2016. 78 (1): 643; Rawlins R. and Kessler M. The History of the Cayo Santiago Colony. The Cayo Santiago Macaques: History, Behavior, and Biology. SUNY Press, 1986.        : Haraway D. A Semiotics of the Naturalistic Field: From C.R. Carpenter to S.A. Altmann, 19301955,    Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science. Routledge, 2013.].

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       ,     -  (   ).   ,       ,          蠖     [21 -          : Van Der Horst F. et al. John Bowlby and Ethology: An Annotated Interview with Robert Hinde. Attachment and Human Development. 2007. 9 (4): 321335; Bateson P. et al. Robert Aubrey Hinde CBE, 26 October 192323 December 2016. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2018. 65: 151177; Goodall J. et al. Remembering My Mentor: Robert Hinde. www.janegoodall.org].    -  .       ,     .   ,      ,   .     ⠖      蠖 ,   ,  ,            ,  ,       .

, ,  ,          .     . ,       ,       .   ,    , ,      ,      ,   [22 - Van Der Horst F. et al. John Bowlby. P. 325.].     ;      ,  ,     ,     . (   ,        .)           .     ,        .        ,         .

            ,       .          .     ,          ( ,  )                   .         :    :      [23 - Bowlby J. Forty-Four Juvenile Thieves: Their Characters and Home-Life. London: Balli?re, Tindall & Cox, 1946.].      ,   .            ,    .  ,      ,       ,         .            .        ,  ,        .

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,     -   ,    .        ,       .          .   ,     ,   1991       廠 ,  ,         1970     , ,       [24 - Pakaluk M., ed. Other Selves: Philosophers on Friendship. Hackett, 1991.].       , 堖 ,    .          [25 - . : Nehamas A. On Friendship. Basic Books, 2016.].     ,            ,     ,         ,   .       .        ,    :     ,        [26 - Ibid. P. 62.].

                .        ,               ,     ,    .            ,       ,   .     ,      . ,   ,     [],      ,  [27 - Pakaluk. Other Selves. P. 1.]. ,       ,          ,    堖 .

       ;       .       ,      ,  .          philia,    philia   ,   .  ,  philia    :   ( ),   ( )    (  ).   ,  ,    ,   젖 , , , , , 젖    (        ).  ,     , ,   .   , []     ,       [] ,  ,      ,   ,   ,                  ,   ࠖ [28 - Ibid. P. 34.         .: Nehamas. On Friendship. Chap. 1.].     : 㠖   .          ,     ,       .

 XVIII     ,       ,   ,     .     ,    ,    1759          .   ,  ,     ,    ,   ;    ,    ,     ,      [29 - Nehamas. On Friendship. P. 51.].    ,     .

   XIX    ,       ,       .   ,          :      ,       ,     ,   , ,   ,       ,       , ,     [30 - James W. Letters of William James. Atlantic Monthly Press, 1920. P. 109.].

                .  ,       ,          .      ,    .       ,   1897 ,  ,  ,     ,    ,  ,       ,   [31 - Durkheim . Suicide: A Study in Sociology. Free Press, 1897/1997.].       ,       .

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  ,   .         , ,     ,    ,        .   XX           ,     (    1928    ).        .      ,       :          ,     ,      ,      .  ,  ,             [32 - Blum D. Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the Science of Affection. Basic Books, 2002/2011. P. 3740.].

  XX   ,   ,       .    ,      .            .            ,        蠖      .   ,    ,   .       70%. [    ],   ,   ,    ,   ,  ,    ,  . ,  ,      .   ,        ,    ,  [33 - Spitz R. Hospitalism: An Inquiry into the Genesis of Psychiatric Conditions in Early Childhood. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. 1945. 1 (1): 5374.].

    ,   164      .           .       ,      . ,   ,  ,     ,            .    ,   ,     ,           . ,   , ,  .        ,    ,  .      ,    ,  .      ,     ,              .         ,      . ,          .    ,     ,      .  ,    - ,        ,  .            .      , 37%   [34 - Spitz R. Hospitalism: A Follow-Up Report on Investigation Described in Volume I, 1945. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. 1946. 2 (1): 113117.].

,        ,        ,  .  1947    -    :  .      ,       ,  ,     ,   . ,  ,           .  ,        ,  : :   [35 - Blum. Love at Goon Park. P. 52.].                 .      :     .                 .     ,               .        .       ,         ,         ,              .      ,    ,  [36 - Ibid. P. 53.].

              .      .            ,        .  1951         .    젖   ,       ;      ,      ,  .              ,      ,   ,      [37 -          .: John Bowlby and Ethology: An Annotated Interwiew with Robert Hinde. Attachment and Human Development. 2007. 9 (4); Hrdy S. Mother Nature. Random House, 1999. Chap. 16;       .: Maternal Care and Mental Health: A Report Prepared on Behalf of the World Health Organization as a Contribution to the United Nations Programme for the Welfare of Homeless Children. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1951. 3: 355534.].

      . ,     ,     ,      ,        ,       1973 [38 - Konner M. The Evolution of Childhood: Relationships, Emotions, Mind. Belknap Press, 2010. P. 7072; Alcock J. The Triumph of Sociobiology. Oxford University Press, 2001. P. 94; Burkhardt R. Patterns of Behavior: Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen, and the Founding of Ethology. University of Chicago Press, 2005;           : Peterson D. Jane Goodall: The Woman Who Redefined Man. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014. Chap. 19.]. -,         ,    . -,   ,         ,    ,    . ,        [39 - Von Frisch K. The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees. Harvard University Press, 1967.].              ,     .            ,            .  1951        ,      .         .         ,      ,     .       :        ,         .     (        )?       ?    ?      ?[40 - Tinbergen N. The Study of Instinct. Clarendon Press, 1951; Bateson P. and Laland K. Tinbergens Four Questions: An Appreciation and an Update. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 2013. 28 (12): 712718.]

           .           .       ,          󻠖 ,   ,  .               .               ;   ,           [41 - Lorenz K. Companions as Factors in the Birds Environment. Studies in Animal and Human Behavior. 1970. 1: 101258; Hrdy. Mother Nature. P. 197 (photo).].

        .    ,       ,     .         , ,  ,          ,             ,             .        .         ,     ,   ,    . (        .)

,    ,  ,  ,            ,       .      ,       ,    -,         .  ,          ,    ,        .        - , ,  ,         .   ,    ,          [42 -       : Bowlby J., Separation: Anxiety and Anger. Basic Books, 1973. P. 6074; . , , Hinde R. and Spencer-Booth Y. Effects of Brief Separation from Mother on Rhesus Monkeys. Science. 1971. 173 (3992): 111118.].          ,         蠖       ,        .   ,        ,     ,  ,  .

          ,       ,     , , ,   (,   ,        )   ,         [43 -       : Peterson D., Jane Goodall, Chap. 19,    Goodall J. et al. Remembering My Mentor.].       ,               .

 ,       ,     [44 - Van Der Horst et al. John Bowlby.].  ,    ,  ,          ,        ,   .  ,       -,  ,  , ,     .      ,  ,   ,    ,     ,   ,       .    ,       :   -  ,   ,  ,     ,   [45 - Blum. Love at Goon Park.        2011 .].

    ,       ( ,       ).    ,  ,                 .                 ,     .        ,  -   .      ,           ;        ,    .            ,  .        .  ,    ,    ,    - .

           [46 - Bowlby J. The Nature of the Childs Tie to His Mother. International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 1958. 39: 350373.].       ,    .    .      .         , ,   ,       .     ,       堖 , , ,   ໠          ,  [47 - Bowlby J. Attachment. Basic Books, 1969/1982. P. 180.].       .     .  ,     .

    .          ;     .       ,         .       ,       .          ,           .         ,    ,                 ,  ,    ,        .   ,          ;           ,      .       ,      .       젖          ,           [48 - . :  . . M.: , 2003.][49 - Ibid. P. 207208.].

             ,      .     .  1956            .    .     , ,   ,     -   .          -,         ;          -,     . , ,      .              ,        .           ;       [50 -       : Wilson E. Naturalist. Island Press, 2013. Chap. 16; Lord of the Ants. Nova/WGBH by Windfall Films and Neil Patterson Production, 2008; Haraway. Primate Vision. Chap. 5.].        ,      . (         .)       ,            ,     .  ,       ,         , , ,    ,      .        ,       .   95% ,        ,   .   [51 -   95%       Lord of the Ants ( ).].

       .  ,  ,     .   ,          ,          .      .       ,      ,    . ,   ,     ,     .            ,          . ,     ,    ;       .        .      ,     ,    ,      ,   .      ,   .    -   ,      ,    ,     ,     ,   .      ,           ,   [52 -    -   : Wilson. Naturalist. Chap. 1. Loc. 187. Kindle.       .].

,        ,    ,   ,      Formicidae  ,     .     ,      ,           ,    .  -    ,  -     ,   ;     ,  [53 - Wilson. Naturalist. Chap. 10. Loc. 1955.].   , ,    ,             ,     .     .

 ,    , : ?  , , ,       ,    ?     ,        .   ,       (),  ,    ,         .   ,   ,    ,       ,        .      .    .     ,     ,    ,    ,   .         ,      :  [54 - Zimmer K. Evolution: The Triumph of an Idea. Harper Collins, 2001. P. 86.                    .].   ,     ,       ,            (),     .    ࠖ   ,      ,            ;    .           ,            .

   .                      .  ,             ,  [55 - Ibid. P. 93.].       ,      .           ;    ,        ,     .           ,    ,        [56 -      ,  ,     ; Naturalist. Chap. 7.].

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    ,    ,          -   -.      .     ,  ,      ⠖   ,        ,     .    ,      - [57 -       .].

  1956      -,  ,     .      1938         .     ,              .        ,  ,           ,       [58 -   -         .       ,    . Kessler and Rawlins. A 75-Year Pictorial History; Rawlins and Kessler. History of the Cayo; Haraway. Primate Visions.].       ,     ,    ,   , , ,  .   ,  , ,  ,    ,       .      ,           .     -, , ,   ,       . -, ,         -,   ,        .  ,    ,     .

  ,        1938 , ,    ,    젖     -.      -,                 .  ,       ,     ,          ,  .          ,      ,        ,  .      -        -   ,        .     ,          -   .        ;     ,    ,   .   ,    ,     [59 -        -      : Rawlins and Kessler. History of the Cayo. P. 1421.].

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   ,         .         .       ⠖      ,     ,     ,      .  , ,  ,      ,              ,     [sic!] ,      [60 -    Haraway. Primate Visions. P. 93.].

         .      ,       .         150,       .      .

        .           ,      -.       , ,       .      .     ,        ,       .       .       ,       ,   ,        [61 - Altmann S. A Field Study of the Sociobiology of Rhesus Monkeys, Macaca mulatta. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1962.].

 ,     ,          .      ,   ,     .           ,    .        ,        ,  .          . ,    ,          .    ,   ,      .       ,    ,    .        ,   ,    .  ,         ,     .     ,  ,     ,    ,       ,               ,      .  , ,   ,    ,      .

  ,    ,  -  .  ,   ,  ,        .        ,   -  ,  .         ,    ,   ,  , ,    .        ,   ,  ,          [62 - Wilson. Naturalist. Chap. 16. Loc. 3884.].

      .       ,    .      . ,        ,    ,            :    ,          ,          ?[63 - Ibid. Loc. 3897.]

     .   ,       .   ,   堖  ,   , ,   .   ,       - ,   ,        .         ,   ,   㠖   ,   ,   ,           ,   ,   ;   ,   ,         ,  .     [64 -   .].



      -   ,     ,     ,     ,      ,   .     ,            . ,  ,  ,    , , ,      蠖            ,     .  ,  , , ,  , ,    ,          ,   ,     ,   .        .  ,   ,     蠖      ,  ,    . , ,         ,   ,     ,        ,  .         ?       [65 -    : Wilson E. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Harvard University Press, 1975/2000. P. 1.].

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       , ,       , ,   ,  ,   [66 - Wilson. Naturalist. Chap. 16. Loc. 3964.].           .     [67 - Hamilton W. The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour I. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 1964. 7 (1): 116.],    .    ,           ,      ,         [68 -      酔:        : Natural Selection and Social Theory: Collected Papers of Robert Trivers. Oxford University Press, 2002. P. 10.].          ,    ,       :     .

      [69 -         Naturalist. Chap. 16.]. -,         :      .  ,       .       ࠖ  ,      (50%),        (25%)         (12,5%).   ,         蠖      ,       ,       ,      ,     .     ,   ,  ,  ,      ,    ,  :           ,  ,         .   ,       ,           ,          .         :   ,      ,         (),   ,     ().     軠  ,  ,         ,       .         .     ,    .      ,   .

       .           .  1966          : ,  ,  ,         ,   ,      ,       [70 - Williams G. Adaptation and Natural Selection. Princeton University Press, 1966.].

     ,    .         ,    ; ,   ,          ,      ,    .     () ,          [71 - Trivers R. The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology. 1971. 46 (1): 3557.].         :   ,     .        :  -   ,        .

     ,  ,   ,   ,  ,  .      (     )   .            ?  ,         ,     .       ,    ; ,      ,         .     , ,   ,         .     .     ,    (   ,          ).  ,        .           .        .  ,     :    ,     .  ,             . ,        ,     .



            1976    ,      ,  ,    ,     .  ,  1975     :  .             ,           .

             .       ,  , ,        -.       ,   [72 - Wilson. Sociobiology. Chap. 1. Loc. 17102.].         :          , ,                  .   , ,    ,  ,             :       , , ,   ,    ,              .  ,        ,           :           ,      ,   젖        [73 -   Ibid. Chap. 27. Loc. 17102.].

    ,       ,   ,        ,      .    .        .           ,    ,      New York Times Review of Books[74 - Allen E. et al. Against Sociobiology. New York Review of Books. 1975. November 13.].   ,              .       ,      ,       ,  ,         . ,      ,           ,     .    ,      -          .

       New York Times  1975 [75 - Rensberger B. Sociobiology: Updating Darwin on Behavior. New York Times. 1975. May 28. P. 1.],        Time.  ,      ,  ,  ,      :    ,  [76 - Why You Do What You Do. Time. 1977. August 1.].      , ,   .        ,      :                    .          ;           .

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     .         ,     [77 - Hrdy S. Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding. Harvard University Press, 2009. P. 6.].        ,   ,   .       . ,   ,                 .    .                 ;     頖     .

      ,      ,     ,    .     .       ,            ,       ,    ,   滠       . ,     ,      ,      ,     .     ,         ,    ,       ,     ,           ,     ,     ,      -,             ,         ,  ,    ,       ,        .             ໠           .

     젖   ;   , ,  225   .            ,     .       ;          .     ,      .   廠 - mammalia    mamma,  ,      [78 - Konner. Evolution of Childhood. P. 89.].

  ,    ,       ࠖ     ,       .     .      ,     堖          . ,  ,      ,   ,    ,    ,        [79 -     .].

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            . ࠖ , , ,     ,                   ,         .   -   ,    ,    . ,         .            ,     堖             ,   [80 - Bowlby. Attachment. P. 265.].         ,       .



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   ,    ,       .  ,        ,       .    ࠖ , ,         -, ,    .     ,         ,     ;      :  ,    ,    . (,         ,    ,         ,   [82 - MacLean P. and Kral V. A Triune Concept of the Brain and Behaviour. University of Toronto Press, 1973.].)            . ,        ,      ,     .     ,    -  ,     ,  ,    ,         ,    ;   -       ,      .         .         ,        . ,  ,  ,   - ,            蠖    ,              .

       ,     . ,   ,      .   ,       ,        ,    .       ,     ,   ,               .  㠖       ,     ,     [83 -     ,     ,    , ,    ,  ,     ; Tremblay S. et al. Social Decision-Making and the Brain: A Comparative Perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2017. 21 (4): 265276; Parkinson C. and Wheatley T. The Repurposed Social Brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2015. 19 (3): 13341; Adolphs R. The Social Brain: Neural Basis of Social Knowledge. Annual Review of Psychology. 2009. 60: 693716.].      ,     ,    (  ),     , ,      ,   ,     , ,  . ,             ,     , ,   ,       . ,   ,       - ࠖ        ,      -      .       .

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  ,      .  ,            .    .  ,    廠         ,    .  ,    , ,          : , , , , , . (        ,     [89 - Barrett L. How Emotions Are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain. Houghton, Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.],     .)           ,    .         ,         ,          .      , , ,   .      .  ࠖ  ,    ,   ,   () .       ,     .      .       ,   젖    ;   , , ,    ,  :    .         .

      ,     ,         ?      ?     -    ?   ,    ,   ?   ,      .       ,       ,   1975   蠖  ,         [90 - Goren C. et al. Visual Following and Pattern Discrimination of Face-like Stimuli by Newborn Infants. Pediatrics. 1975. 56 (4): 544549.].   ,          ࠖ  ,   ,    ,   ,     .     ,      .

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         ,         .    ,                  ,  .       ,  ,      ,  ,         ,    [91 - Johnson M. et al. Newborn Preferential Tracking of Face-like Stimuli and Its Subsequent Decline. Cognition. 1991. 40 (12): 119.].

  ,      .   ,     ,  . ,       ,  , ,   , ,   ,          堖  ,  ,   .                .   ,       ,        .

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         .           -.                 ,   -  .     ,     ,   ,     ,        ;   . ,    ,    .  2017       ,         ,    ,       ,    [94 - Arcaro M. et al. Seeing Faces Is Necessary for Face-Domain Formation. Nature Neuroscience. 2017. 20 (10): 1404.].

 ,                .    ,          ,   ,   ,     .       ,      ,    , ,  ,    ,     ,          .



  -  ,        ,   .    ,  -    [95 -    : Lloyd-Fox S. et al. Social Perception in Infancy: A Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Child Development. 2009. 80 (4): 986999.].        ,      ,           .        .         ,         -   .            ,     .    :       ,    ,     ( )   ( ).        .      ,        , -   ,            蠖   .       ,     .            .

    , -,                     .            .       ,   - ,      .                    젖   ,   ,   ,    .              ,     [96 - Lloyd-Fox S. et al. Cortical Specialization to Social Stimuli from the First Days to Second Year of Life: A Rural Gambian Cohort. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2017. 25: 92104.].

           .    ,   .                       .        ,     .               .        ,         .          ,     ,        .     ,      .  ,        .    ,   .   ,     ,        堖    .  ,        [97 - Eliot L. Whats Going on in There? How the Brain and Mind Develop in the First Five Years of Life. Bantam Books, 1999. Chap. 10.].

  ,    ?     ,        ,     .            ,      ?  -, -            ;           ,      ,      . -       ,  ,   ;    頖 ,        .    ,            ,    ,     ;            [98 - Lloyd-Fox S. et al. The Emergence of Cerebral Specialization for the Human Voice over the First Months of Life. Social Neuroscience. 2012. 7 (3): 317330.].

     ,  ,   ,      .  2016                    ,         , ,       [99 -     ; Abrams D. et al. Neural Circuits Underlying Mothers Voice Perception Predict Social Communication Abilities in Children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016. 113 (22): 62956300.].       ,         ,     .             (  );         .  ,            ,       ,  .

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 ,   ,   ,  ,          ,      [100 - Denworth L. The Social Power of Touch. Scientific American Mind. 2015. 26 (4): 3039.].          , .       ,                ,   . ,   ,       ,    ,         .     -     .     .  ,    ,  堖   .       A?       .       ,          .      頖 頖 ,         . ,   ,   , ,    . C-      .   ,  ,   .         ,  A?-,   .

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   ,     ,    (    )       ,          .    ,      ;     .  ,      [104 - Konner. Evolution of Childhood. P. 219220.].   ,         .    .         .    .          쓻,   .    ,        ,   ,   -    .

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            ,   ,        .           ,        .     頖      ,       頖       - .    ,    ,     ,     .                  .       [106 -        (. theory of mind),    ,   .].      -          .

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    ,       [108 - Denworth L. I Feel Your Pain. Scientific American. 2017. 317 (6): 5863.].  ,          ;   ,      , ,        ,              .  ,      ,   [109 -    (. perspective taking)             ,   .]   ,         .  ,  ,        -   .          .   ,         ,    ,       .    ,    [110 -     .].

       :   ,       .     .    蠖  .   ,  - ,     . (,        .)   ,  -    ,      ,        ,    :        .            .       [111 -         , 2017 .].

  ,     ,   ,          ,  -,         ,         [112 - Zahn-Waxler C. et al. Development of Concern for Others. Developmental Psychology. 1992. 28 (1): 126.].      ,      .        .     ,    ,          .  ,            .           .   ,  ,     , ,        (  ?   );   - ,  (,    ), , .

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         .   ,              ,       ,           ,         .            ,       ;  ,  ,   ,    .   ,  ,     ,  ,   -   ,     .  ,              .             . ,  ,      ,      ,                     [114 - Tomasello M. Why We Cooperate. MIT Press, 2009.].



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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


   -         .     ,      . . Kessler M. and Rawlins R. A 75-Year Pictorial History of the Cayo Santiago Rhesus Monkey Colony. American Journal of Primatology. 2016. 78 (1): 643; Rawlins R. and Kessler M. The History of the Cayo Santiago Colony. The Cayo Santiago Macaques: History, Behavior, and Biology. SUNY Press, 1986.        : Haraway D. A Semiotics of the Naturalistic Field: From C.R. Carpenter to S.A. Altmann, 19301955,    Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science. Routledge, 2013.




2


        -     Primates de Cara?be (2013).




3


      .      -   2016 .      ,        2015 ,        2017 .




4


.   BRAIN Initiative, https://braininitiative.nih.gov.




5


   (       )  A-Ha.    . .




6


   : Fehr B. Friendship Processes. Vol. 12. Sage, 1996. Chap. 1; Silk J. Using the F Word in Primatology. Behavior. 2002. 139 (23): 421. .    , ,  ,     .




7


Lewis C. The Four Loves. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1991.




8


Seyfarth R. and Cheney D. The Evolutionary Origins of Friendship. Annual Revue of Psychology. 2012. 63: 153177.




9


Faustino A. et al., Mechanisms of Social Buffering of Fear in Zebrafish. Scientific Reports. 2017. 7: 44329.




10


Kendrick K. et al. Sheep Dont Forget a Face. Nature. 2001. 414 (6860): 165.




11


De Waal F. Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? W.W. Norton & Company, 2016. P. 25.




12


   : Wittig R. et al. Social Support Reduces Stress Hormone Levels in Wild Chimpanzees across Stressful Events and Everyday Affiliations. Nature Communications. 2016. 7: 13361; Schnall S. et al. Social Support and the Perception of Geographical Slant. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2008. 44 (5): 12461255; Coan J. et al. Lending a Hand: Social Regulation of the Neural Response to Threat. Psychological Science. 2006. 17 (12): 10321039.




13


.  9.




14


Manninen S. et al. Social Laughter Triggers Endogenous Opioid Release in Humans. Journal of Neuroscience. 2017. 37 (25): 61256131.




15


       2015    2016 ࠖ        ,   .




16


       ,      ,     ,          , , ,  Watson K. et al. Genetic Influences on Social Attention in Free-Ranging Rhesus Macaques. Animal Behaviour. 2015. 103: 267275.




17


Fisher E. How to Be Loved: A Memoir of Lifesaving Friendship. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2019. Reviewed in the New York Times Book Review. 2019. March 3.




18


Newcomb T. The Acquaintance Process. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1961.




19


 ,       .




20


       ,   ,     (-, ,   .).




21


         : Van Der Horst F. et al. John Bowlby and Ethology: An Annotated Interview with Robert Hinde. Attachment and Human Development. 2007. 9 (4): 321335; Bateson P. et al. Robert Aubrey Hinde CBE, 26 October 192323 December 2016. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2018. 65: 151177; Goodall J. et al. Remembering My Mentor: Robert Hinde. www.janegoodall.org




22


Van Der Horst F. et al. John Bowlby. P. 325.




23


Bowlby J. Forty-Four Juvenile Thieves: Their Characters and Home-Life. London: Balli?re, Tindall & Cox, 1946.




24


Pakaluk M., ed. Other Selves: Philosophers on Friendship. Hackett, 1991.




25


. : Nehamas A. On Friendship. Basic Books, 2016.




26


Ibid. P. 62.




27


Pakaluk. Other Selves. P. 1.




28


Ibid. P. 34.         .: Nehamas. On Friendship. Chap. 1.




29


Nehamas. On Friendship. P. 51.




30


James W. Letters of William James. Atlantic Monthly Press, 1920. P. 109.




31


Durkheim . Suicide: A Study in Sociology. Free Press, 1897/1997.




32


Blum D. Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the Science of Affection. Basic Books, 2002/2011. P. 3740.




33


Spitz R. Hospitalism: An Inquiry into the Genesis of Psychiatric Conditions in Early Childhood. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. 1945. 1 (1): 5374.




34


Spitz R. Hospitalism: A Follow-Up Report on Investigation Described in Volume I, 1945. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. 1946. 2 (1): 113117.




35


Blum. Love at Goon Park. P. 52.




36


Ibid. P. 53.




37


         .: John Bowlby and Ethology: An Annotated Interwiew with Robert Hinde. Attachment and Human Development. 2007. 9 (4); Hrdy S. Mother Nature. Random House, 1999. Chap. 16;       .: Maternal Care and Mental Health: A Report Prepared on Behalf of the World Health Organization as a Contribution to the United Nations Programme for the Welfare of Homeless Children. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1951. 3: 355534.




38


Konner M. The Evolution of Childhood: Relationships, Emotions, Mind. Belknap Press, 2010. P. 7072; Alcock J. The Triumph of Sociobiology. Oxford University Press, 2001. P. 94; Burkhardt R. Patterns of Behavior: Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen, and the Founding of Ethology. University of Chicago Press, 2005;           : Peterson D. Jane Goodall: The Woman Who Redefined Man. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014. Chap. 19.




39


Von Frisch K. The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees. Harvard University Press, 1967.




40


Tinbergen N. The Study of Instinct. Clarendon Press, 1951; Bateson P. and Laland K. Tinbergens Four Questions: An Appreciation and an Update. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 2013. 28 (12): 712718.




41


Lorenz K. Companions as Factors in the Birds Environment. Studies in Animal and Human Behavior. 1970. 1: 101258; Hrdy. Mother Nature. P. 197 (photo).




42


      : Bowlby J., Separation: Anxiety and Anger. Basic Books, 1973. P. 6074; . , , Hinde R. and Spencer-Booth Y. Effects of Brief Separation from Mother on Rhesus Monkeys. Science. 1971. 173 (3992): 111118.




43


      : Peterson D., Jane Goodall, Chap. 19,    Goodall J. et al. Remembering My Mentor.




44


Van Der Horst et al. John Bowlby.




45


Blum. Love at Goon Park.        2011 .




46


Bowlby J. The Nature of the Childs Tie to His Mother. International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 1958. 39: 350373.




47


Bowlby J. Attachment. Basic Books, 1969/1982. P. 180.




48


. :  . . M.: , 2003.




49


Ibid. P. 207208.




50


      : Wilson E. Naturalist. Island Press, 2013. Chap. 16; Lord of the Ants. Nova/WGBH by Windfall Films and Neil Patterson Production, 2008; Haraway. Primate Vision. Chap. 5.




51


  95%       Lord of the Ants ( ).




52


   -   : Wilson. Naturalist. Chap. 1. Loc. 187. Kindle.       .




53


Wilson. Naturalist. Chap. 10. Loc. 1955.




54


Zimmer K. Evolution: The Triumph of an Idea. Harper Collins, 2001. P. 86.                    .




55


Ibid. P. 93.




56


     ,  ,     ; Naturalist. Chap. 7.




57


      .




58


  -         .       ,    . Kessler and Rawlins. A 75-Year Pictorial History; Rawlins and Kessler. History of the Cayo; Haraway. Primate Visions.




59


       -      : Rawlins and Kessler. History of the Cayo. P. 1421.




60


   Haraway. Primate Visions. P. 93.




61


Altmann S. A Field Study of the Sociobiology of Rhesus Monkeys, Macaca mulatta. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1962.




62


Wilson. Naturalist. Chap. 16. Loc. 3884.




63


Ibid. Loc. 3897.




64


  .




65


   : Wilson E. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Harvard University Press, 1975/2000. P. 1.




66


Wilson. Naturalist. Chap. 16. Loc. 3964.




67


Hamilton W. The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour I. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 1964. 7 (1): 116.




68


     酔:        : Natural Selection and Social Theory: Collected Papers of Robert Trivers. Oxford University Press, 2002. P. 10.




69


        Naturalist. Chap. 16.




70


Williams G. Adaptation and Natural Selection. Princeton University Press, 1966.




71


Trivers R. The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology. 1971. 46 (1): 3557.




72


Wilson. Sociobiology. Chap. 1. Loc. 17102.




73


  Ibid. Chap. 27. Loc. 17102.




74


Allen E. et al. Against Sociobiology. New York Review of Books. 1975. November 13.




75


Rensberger B. Sociobiology: Updating Darwin on Behavior. New York Times. 1975. May 28. P. 1.




76


Why You Do What You Do. Time. 1977. August 1.




77


Hrdy S. Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding. Harvard University Press, 2009. P. 6.




78


Konner. Evolution of Childhood. P. 89.




79


    .




80


Bowlby. Attachment. P. 265.




81


          : https://nancysbraintalks.mit.edu/video/humans-are-highly-social-species.




82


MacLean P. and Kral V. A Triune Concept of the Brain and Behaviour. University of Toronto Press, 1973.




83


    ,     ,    , ,    ,  ,     ; Tremblay S. et al. Social Decision-Making and the Brain: A Comparative Perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2017. 21 (4): 265276; Parkinson C. and Wheatley T. The Repurposed Social Brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2015. 19 (3): 13341; Adolphs R. The Social Brain: Neural Basis of Social Knowledge. Annual Review of Psychology. 2009. 60: 693716.




84


    -.




85


Johnson M., Bolhuis J., and Horn G. Interaction between Acquired Preferences and Developing Predispositions during Imprinting. Animal Behaviour. 1985. 33 (3): 10001006.




86


Johnson M. Memories of Mother. New Scientist. 1988. 117 (1600): 6062.




87


Jones W. and Klin A. Attention to Eyes Is Present but in Decline in 26-month-old Infants Later Diagnosed with Autism. Nature. 2013. 504 (7480): 427.




88


Jenkins R., Dowsett A., and Burton A. How Many Faces Do People Know? Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2018. 285 (1888): 20181319.




89


Barrett L. How Emotions Are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain. Houghton, Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.




90


Goren C. et al. Visual Following and Pattern Discrimination of Face-like Stimuli by Newborn Infants. Pediatrics. 1975. 56 (4): 544549.




91


Johnson M. et al. Newborn Preferential Tracking of Face-like Stimuli and Its Subsequent Decline. Cognition. 1991. 40 (12): 119.




92


    TED-,  2014 .




93


Kanwisher N. et al. The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception. Journal of Neuroscience. 1997. 17 (11): 43024311.




94


Arcaro M. et al. Seeing Faces Is Necessary for Face-Domain Formation. Nature Neuroscience. 2017. 20 (10): 1404.




95


   : Lloyd-Fox S. et al. Social Perception in Infancy: A Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Child Development. 2009. 80 (4): 986999.




96


Lloyd-Fox S. et al. Cortical Specialization to Social Stimuli from the First Days to Second Year of Life: A Rural Gambian Cohort. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2017. 25: 92104.




97


Eliot L. Whats Going on in There? How the Brain and Mind Develop in the First Five Years of Life. Bantam Books, 1999. Chap. 10.




98


Lloyd-Fox S. et al. The Emergence of Cerebral Specialization for the Human Voice over the First Months of Life. Social Neuroscience. 2012. 7 (3): 317330.




99


    ; Abrams D. et al. Neural Circuits Underlying Mothers Voice Perception Predict Social Communication Abilities in Children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016. 113 (22): 62956300.




100


Denworth L. The Social Power of Touch. Scientific American Mind. 2015. 26 (4): 3039.




101


    .




102


       ,             ,   McGlone F. et al. Discriminative and Affective Touch: Sensing and Feeling. Neuron. 2014. 82 (4): 737755; L?ken L. et al. Coding of Pleasant Touch by Unmyelinated Afferents in Humans. Nature Neuroscience. 2009. 12 (5): 547.




103


   ,     ,          ,    ,        .    ( )     .              ,      ,        .




104


Konner. Evolution of Childhood. P. 219220.




105


: Lloyd-Fox S. et al. Cortical Responses before 6 Months of Life Associate with Later Autism. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2018. 47 (6): 736749.




106


       (. theory of mind),    ,   .




107


     ; de Waal F. Putting the Altruism Back into Altruism. The Evolution of Empathy. Annual Review of Psychology. 2008. 59: 279300.




108


Denworth L. I Feel Your Pain. Scientific American. 2017. 317 (6): 5863.




109


   (. perspective taking)             ,   .




110


    .




111


        , 2017 .




112


Zahn-Waxler C. et al. Development of Concern for Others. Developmental Psychology. 1992. 28 (1): 126.




113


      TEDGlobal  2009 ,       (How We Read Each Others Mind).




114


Tomasello M. Why We Cooperate. MIT Press, 2009.




115


 2015 : Thrul J. and Kuntsche E. The Impact of Friends on Young Adults Drinking over the Course of the Evening: An Event-Level Analysis. Addiction. 2015. 110 (4): 619626.


