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              .     ?,   .

  ,         .       ,     ,    ,        .




 1

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 .   


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   ,    


               .  ,        ,           ,     .   ,  5G       ,    .       -     :        ,         .                .    ,            .

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 2

   



,    2020 .        ,       ,     ,  .   ,     ,     .       ,      .               XVIII    ,      .

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         ,     , :    ,     ,  ,   ,      .        ,   ,      .        ,       140  .       ,        .

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           .       :          ,     .                .  ,      ,    ,      , ,       .    2024 ,    ,     ,   .           ,  -.

  -     .            -2      .         ,         .     ,   ,       . ,      .       .       . ,         ,        .

      ,     ,      2018   .    ,    ,      2016 ,   ,            ,   .   .        54    ,   50 . ,  軠       .     2018       ,     .      ,        .    ,       ,             .

                  .  ,           ,       1998           -     .

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 3

    



, 15  2020 .     ,     ,    .  , ,         1300    ,             .           .       .      ,           .

      .         ,  .   .              .                   .      ,    ,        ,    .   ,         .

       ,     .      ,  ,   ,            .  ,   ,     .    ,   ,    .          .     ,         .

       ,      .                  ,      .       ,       .  ,            :          .

  ,         :     ?  ,        2024 .       ?     ?

      ,        ,       .          ,      .




  ,        


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          .     .        2020 ,   .       .        .     77 ,     23 .       .        2036        ,   34 . ,  ,       .         .        2024    .     ,        .




 4

   



      2020          .                 .      -񻠖   ,   .      .   ,     ,      .               .

, ,          ,        .               ,    . ,                     .

           ,       ,    .

    ,     ,          .       ,        , .                                             .

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            ,     :       ,        .       ,    2007     .             ,         ,   ,    .          .    ,     .




  


 ,          ,    -      .    ,  -,      . ,   ,         ,   ,      .           .            ,    ,         .       ,    [35 -   /  : ,  . .     , Berlin: Ullstein 2019.].

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              ,      ,    ,      , , , ,   .

      ,  ,     :         .     .      .   ,    .      ,       ,   .

 ,           ,   ,  ,     .        ,          .             , , ,       .




   


       .   2020               ,  ,                   .      ,    .        ,          G7.        :           ,      .  ,   ,      ,       . ,   ,    ,  , , ,   ,              ,       .  ,   ,      ,   .    2020         Β     ,  ,       ,   ,     1918 ,    50  .     ,   ,          .         ,     ,  ,    .         250     (    2020 ).      8    ,      .

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, 27  2019 .               . ,   ,        .       ,      .  ,       .    -     .    :     ,        .      ,    .    .   .       -   -   ,       .

            .      2021 ,                   . ,   ,      ,      .

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     . ,       .     ,   .




 5

   -2



   2019   ,    Allseas Group,    ,   .    , ,   ,         -  ,   .    ,    . ,      ( ,  ).           .      ,           ,    .

       Allseas Group,              , Pioneering Spirit  Solitaire.              .    ,       : Wintershall,    BASF,  Uniper  .      50   ,    10  .     Uniper  Wintershall,     ,    950   .

   2400   .      140 .  ,      -2   Allseas  ,   .           , Allseas      . ,      ,   .        .  ,  Allseas    ,  .  ,      Allseas USA,   ,  ,     ,     .

,   -  ,     ,  Allseas   :  ,    ,                  [47 - Sens. Cruz, Johnson Put Company Installing Putins Pipeline on Formal Legal Notice, 31.12.2019 (cruz.senate.gov).].

  Allseas          .    ,     ,    . Allseas      ,     .

       ,    .              ,    .             ,              . ,        .

  ,         ,      .  2018                800  .      ,             [48 - : Opensecrets.org, Oil & Gas: Top Recipients, 2018, Senators.].

    .       ,    2019              .   -2           ,    .       -,        ,      ,       .  ,  ,   [     ]         , ,      [49 - Sens. Cruz, Shaheens Bipartisan Bill Imposing Sanctions for Involvement in Russias Nord Stream 2 Pipeline Advances out of Committee, 31.7.2019 (cruz.senate.gov).].     :     ,            [50 - Sen. Cruz: U.S. Must Stop Russias Nord Stream 2, 30.10.2019.].

      ,          .  ,    ,            ,   257   ,        -2:                   ,  -,           .

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  ,           ,              .    New York Times,       Haynes and Boone,    ,  ,     2016  (     )   ,       ,         122  .      ,       ,       .    Chesapeake Energy,     ,        70   .   2019    ,      .      Chevron   2020         11  [53 -   /  : American Oil Drillers Were Hanging On by a Thread. Then Came the Virus, The New York Times, 20.3.2020 (nytimes.com).].




  ?


  2018       -   ,        .   ,        ,   .               ,       . -     ,      .              .

     . ,     . ,                :        .         ,     ,    ,          .    ,       ,        ,     .

                  , , ,   ,     .      ()       2015     ,         .              . ,       ,     . ,        ,    2017 ,    ,         .

  ,      ,            . ,   ,            ,      .       .         . ,       (),       ,    .

     ,        ,          ,       .          ,      .   @realDonaldTrump,        .  ,    ,     .

          ,        : ,        ,  ,    .

      .        .  ,          ,          .

   ,        ,       ,      ,   Spiegel         ,   ,            .          .         ,      . ,          ,     -2.

 BASF  Uniper,   ,   2019     ,     .   , ,       ,    .        ,      ,   . ,                 Breitbart News,   :             .  .

          Tagesspiegel:     ,    .  ,        ,  ,  ,       .         .           ,        ,    2020         .            .       .           ,      .      ,     .




 6

   



,     -2,       2012 ,       ,         ,                 ,     ?.

 -  McLarty Associates,         ,   900   ,           .    1947       .         ,           .     -     .    .                .      ,         ,           .           .             .          ,       .      ,   ,          ,  ,      .   McLarty Associates                 .    ;     ,           .

   ,       New York Times,               - .     .     ,     ,         ,        .  1989     -            ,       ,       31  1991   .        ,          30 .

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 ,   


            .                ,        .    ,     ,        .    ,     -2.         ,    ,            - .

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,       ,            .       -2,       ,  ,        ,         .

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         ,   22  1981 ,                .           20   ,    40         1984-  2009    16         400      .

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        ,   ,    .  ,     ,      ,    .    ,       ,    ,      .  ,   򻠖    .          :       ,       .

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 1969 ,     ,   -.          Ruhrgas AG            .    Mannesmann  Thyssen      1,2         .   1973          .     ,     ,       .      :            .    ,        -.        ,    .




 7

 2020   



, 6  2020 .                          .                              .         ,                  .

 ,        -,           .        .    ,          , ,   .               .

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notes


Notes





1


.   . . .: , 1960.  .  .. . .




2


.  ...    // . . 22 . .:  , 1980. .6. . .




3


Again They Drink From the Cup of Suspicion, New York Times, 26.11.1989.




4


 ARD-alpha, 15.11.2017.




5


The Washington Post, 20.7.1990.




6


Remarks by President Trump at a Signing Ceremony for H. R. 5515, John S.McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (whitehouse.gov).




7


Exclusive: Trump says China wants him to lose his re-election bid, 30.4.2020 (reuters.com).




8


Trump calls himself the chosen one during erratic rant (CNN, YouTube, 21.8.2019).




9


cruz.senate.gov/files/documents/Letters/2020.08.05%20Final%20Mukran%20Port %20Letter.pdf




10


Trumps L?gen schaffen Klarheit: Er will Russland aus dem Markt boxen, FAZ, 15.7.2018.




11


Trump ?ber Deutschland: Sie nutzen uns seit vielen Jahren aus, S?ddeutsche Zeitung, 29.7.2020.




12


Entschlie?ungsantrag  eingereicht im Anschluss an Erkl?rungen des Rates und der Kommission gem?? Artikel 132 Absatz 2 der Gesch?ftsordnung zum 80.Jahrestag des Beginns des Zweiten Weltkriegs und zur Bedeutung des europ?ischen Geschichtsbewusstseins f?r die Zukunft Europas, , 17.9.2019 (europaparl.europa.eu).




13


  : Krieg der Erinnerungen, Petersburger Dialog,  2019.




14


Emmanuel Macron in his own words (English), economist.com, 7.11.2019.




15


Transcript of President Obamas Jan. 17 speech on NSA reforms (washingtonpost.com).




16


Munich Security Report 2020  Westlessness (securityconference.org).




17


Er?ffnung der M?nchner Sicherheitskonferenz, 14.2.2020 (bundespraesident.de).




18


 : Rettung nur mit Realismus, FAZ, 14.2.2020.




19


 : The West Is Winning.      , 15.2.2020 (state.gov).




20


 .: As Prepared Remarks by Secretary of Defense Mark T.Esper at the Munich Security Conference, 15.2.2020 (defense.gov).




21


 : Chairmans Interview with Emmanuel Macron, 15.2.2020 (securityconference.org).




22


The West is Winning, Pompeo said. The West Wasnt Buying It, The New York Times, 16.2.2020 (nytimes.org).




23


Mitschrift Pressekonferenz von Bundeskanzlerin Merkel und dem Pr?sidenten von Russland, Wladimir Putin in Moskau, 11.1.2020 (bundeskanzlerin.de).




24


Regierungserkl?rung des Bundesau?enministers Guido Westerwelle zum Umbruch in der arabischen Welt (Mitschrift), 16  2011 (archiv.bundesregierung.de).




25


 : Rescuing Boris, Time, 15.7.1996 (content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,136204,00.html); . : Eine verdammte L?ge  Wie amerikanische Experten Boris Jelzins Wahlsieg organisierten, Der Spiegel, 15.7.1996 (spiegel.de),  :   , Declassified Documents Concerning Russian President Boris Yeltsin (  (memcons)     (telcons)        ,  21  1996-  31  1999), 13.7.2018.




26


Memorandum of Telephone Conversation: Telcon with Russian President Boris Yeltsin, 31.12.1999 (nsarchiv.gwu.edu).




27


: Die Rede an die Nation, 31.12.1999 (spiegel.de).




28


Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly, 15.1.2020 (eu.kremlin.ru).




29


Putin Outlines Political Overhaul, Including Possible Post for Himself, The New York Times, 20.1.2020 (nytimes.com).




30


 : Putin, der H?tchenspieler, Der Spiegel, 17.2.2020 (spiegel.de).




31


  /  .: The Committee to Save the World Order  Americas Allies Must Step Up as America Steps Down, / 2018 (foreignaffairs.com).




32


I think the European Union is a foe, Trump says ahead of Putin meeting in Helsinki, 15.7.2018 (cbsnews.com).




33


  : U.S.Sanctions on Russia, Updated January 17, 2020 (fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R45415.pdf).




34


Enormer Wandel der politischen Rhetorik, FAZ, 29.5.2017 (faz.net).




35


  /  : ,  . .     , Berlin: Ullstein 2019.




36


 : Die wollen deine Seele (  ), Die Zeit, 10.1.2018 (zeit.de).




37


  /  : Woodward book: Trump says he knew coronavirus was deadly and worse than the flu while intentionally misleading Americans, The Washington Post, 9.9.2020 (washingtonpost.com).




38


 : Italian ambassador to the EU: Italy needs Europes help, Politico, 10.3.2020 (politico.eu).




39


 : Europa verliert den Kampf der Bilder, Der Spiegel, 25.3.2020 (spiegel.de).




40


 . /  : The Coronavirus Could Reshape Global Order, Foreign Affairs, 18.3.2020 (foreignaffairs.com).




41


         2019 (COVID-19)  , 16. 24.2.2020 (who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report-1100hr-28feb202011mar-update.pdf).




42


   : Scusateci, ora la Ue ? con voi, Repubblica, 1.4.2020 (rep.repubblica.it).




43


John McCain: Why We Must Support Human Rights, The New York Times, 8.5.2017 (nytimes.com).




44


,   . . .




45


Augen zu und sans, FAZ, 14.04.2021 (faz.net).




46


Papst legt Merkel versehentlich Putin-Zitat zu Afghanistan in der Mund, Der Spiegel, 01.09.2021 (spiegel.de).




47


Sens. Cruz, Johnson Put Company Installing Putins Pipeline on Formal Legal Notice, 31.12.2019 (cruz.senate.gov).




48


: Opensecrets.org, Oil & Gas: Top Recipients, 2018, Senators.




49


Sens. Cruz, Shaheens Bipartisan Bill Imposing Sanctions for Involvement in Russias Nord Stream 2 Pipeline Advances out of Committee, 31.7.2019 (cruz.senate.gov).




50


Sen. Cruz: U.S. Must Stop Russias Nord Stream 2, 30.10.2019.




51


 : Die US-Sanktionen sind falsch, anma?end und heuchlerisch, S?ddeutsche Zeitung, 12.12.2019 (sueddeutsche.de).




52


. :  , Der Fluch des schwarzen Goldes, Der Spiegel, 2.3.2020 (spiegel.de).




53


  /  : American Oil Drillers Were Hanging On by a Thread. Then Came the Virus, The New York Times, 20.3.2020 (nytimes.com).




54


 : Reagan lifts sanctions on sales for soviet pipeline; reports accord with allies,   The New York Times, 14.11.1982 (nytimes.com).




55


.  :  , Ein Kampf mit stumpfen Waffen. Der Boykott gegen die UdSSR, Die Zeit, 8.1.1982 (zeit.de).




56


.: books.google.de, Proposed Trans-Siberian Natural Gas Pipeline: Hearing Before the Committee, Statement of James L.Nelligan.




57


.  : Schmidt Expects Others to Follow French Lead, The New York Times, 23.7.1982 (nytimes.com), : Die Amerikaner machen die Allianz kaputt, Der Spiegel, 26.7.1982 (spiegel.de).




58


,   . . .




59


.  : ISIS Leader al-Baghdadi Is Dead, Trump Says; Trumps Syria Troop Withdrawal Complicated Plans for al-Baghdadi Raid; Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, ISIS Leader known for His Brutality, Is Dead at 48,  : New York Times, 27.10.2019 (nytimes.com).




60


,   . . .




61


.  :  , Die Lektion von Idlib, Le Monde diplomatique,  2020 (scp-berlin.org).




62


 ,      ,      2017 . . .




63


Text of Bush Speech, 1.5.2003 (cbsnews.com).




64


,   . . .




65


. :    /  : Der Kreuzzug. Erfundene Massenvernichtungswaffen, ein Foltergef?ngnis und am Ende ein geh?ngter Diktator: 2003 zogen die USA und Gro?britannien in den Irakkrieg. Stationen eines Desasters, Der Spiegel, 6.7.2016 (spiegel.de);  : Mission Accomplished speech (en.wikipedia.org).




66


.  : : Bushs Speech on Iraq, The New York Times, 18.3.2003 (nytimes.com).




67


Powell: Schandfleck meiner Karriere, FAZ, 9.9.2005 (faz.net).


