  .  Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Apple            
 


.   
 ,   ,   .  ,    ,   Google  Facebook,          .   ,         ?    ,  ,     -    ?         -    Future Today.

  PDF A4    .





 

 Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Apple            


 ,  ,     



  ..,    , 2022

 .   , 2022






  


    ,       ,   .           ,       .       ,    ,   ,       , ,    , , , .        ,        : ,  ,  , ,     ,   .

  ()      ,      .       .             .      ,          .    ,    :      ,   ,      ,     .

              .    :      ,       ,       .     ,     ,   200 .               ,           . , ,  ,     HAL 9000     2001, WOPR 砫 ,  砫,  砫,  Westworld         . ,       ,     ,        .

,        ,      ,       ,     -,    ,        .          :      ,      .

  ,                ,     .       ,      ,  Microsoft IBM.    ,      ,       :  ,    ,       ,  , ,          .  ,          ,   .  ,     ,      ,     ,  ,  ,   .

   , ,  ,     , ,     ,   . ,    , ,          .  ,   ,     ,     .     ,    ,  ,   .

       ,        :  Google, Amazon, Apple, IBM, Microsoft Facebook   Baidu, Alibaba Tencent .   ,              ;   ,       ,       ,     .                 .

   ,   ,        ,,     ,   ,          .     .

        ,    ,    .   Google, Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Microsoft IBM           ,          .  -         ,    ,  ,    .   ,     .      .           ,        .  , -             ,       , ,    .

          ,        .            ,   ,                 .       ,     -         -.              ,           .             ,                     (   ).      ,         ,    ,  ,   , , ,  .

          .    ,   ,     .       ,      ,      ,            .      ,        . ,             ,       ,   ,          ,        ,    .

           .    ,           .         ,        2030        150 [1 - Paul Mozur, Beijing Wants AI to Be Made in China by 2030, New York Times, July 20, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/business/ china-artificial-intelligence.html.. .].   ,           ,    ,          [2 - Tom Simonite, Ex-Google Executive Opens a School for AI, with Chinas Help, Wired, April 5, 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/ex-google-executive-opens-a-school-for-ai-with-chinas-help/.. .].                         . ,  ,          .      30  ,     . Baidu, Tencent Alibaba,   ,     ,      ,      .

   1,4   ,        , ,      :   .        ,    ,      ,  Megvil  SenseTime,    .  ,    ,    ,         ,  Baidu, Alibaba Tencent       .      ,       ,       .

            .   2018      ,         .        ,       ,     ,     ,         [3 - Xinhua Headlines: Xi outlines blueprint to develop Chinas strength in cyberspace, Xinhua, April 213, 2018. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/ 2018-04/21/c_137127374_2.htm.. .].  ,        ,       ,       ,    .

      ,        ,    ,     ,       .             ,    .           .  ,   ,       ,       ,  .   2018          ,            [4 - Stephanie Nebehay, U.N. says it has credible reports that China holds million Uighurs in secret camps, Reuters, August 10, 2018. https://www. reuters.com/article/us-china-rights-un/u-n-says-it-has-credible-reportsthat-china-holds-million-uighurs-in-secret-camps-idUSKBN1KV1SU.. .].                     .   ,       ,     ,     ,           [5 - Simina Mistreanu, Life Inside Chinas Social Credit Laboratory, Foreign Policy, April 3, 2018. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/03/life-inside-chinas-social-credit-laboratory/ (https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/03/life-inside-chinas-social-credit-laboratory/).. .].        ,  ࠫ  (  )        ( ).            ,        .            [6 - Ibid.. .].   ,   [7 -       ,  ,    ,       ,  .. .],  ,    ,            Weibo,   [8 - China Shames Jaywalkers through Facial Recognition, Phys.org, June 20, 2017, https://phys.org/news/201706-china-shames-jaywalkers-facialrecognition.html.. .  1].      , ,          ,    .

          ,                    ,    .    ,          ,            .            ,     ,     ,   -      .               ,               .  Global Energy Interconnection      ,    .         ,  .

         ,              ,        .

 ,    ,        .      ,             2018,         .       :   ,    -.                        ,       .

    ,       ,       .             ,          .        ,    .           ,        .  ,              ,   ,    ,          .

   ,      ,          ,       .

  .   ,   ,     ,    .   ,  ,        ,  ,   .    ,       :  ,  ,  , ,  ,     , ,     .  ,         , 2069      2019-.       ,  ,     ,  ,               ,   .

, ,       ,   .           ,              .           ,    ,      , .  ,      ,       ,          ,     ,    .     ,     ,  ,      .         ,      ,   ,   ,    ,               .

         ,     ,         :    ,     ,      ,    ,   ?  ,             ?   ,        ,           ,       ,                .

      .        .      , ,   ,         , ,  .        ,     ,        .         .  ,    ,    .

,   ,        .    ,            .      ,         Baidu, Alibaba Tencent.

      ,      50.   ,   ,   ,  ,  ,      ,   ,         .       .                ,              .

          ,   ,      .  ,   ,    ,        ,     .


* * *

            . ,         ,   ,     .  ,       ,               .

      .

        . ,           .

 .     ,    .    .




1

  





 1

  :    



        ,   ,       : ,       .          ,  ,     .    , ,      ,      ,     . ,       1950-  ,    ,       .              ,    .       .

       ,   . ,  ,       .       ,  ,   ,     .         ,             ,        .

           :    ?       ?       ?   ?       ,   ,          ?                 ,     .

   ,       ,   ,       .  Merriam-Webster Dictionary         , Oxford Dictionary[9 -                .. .] ,          .        ,  ,   Merriam-Webster,  Oxford      .    ?   ,    ,           [10 -             : ,   , .. .].   : , , , ,                  .

         , ,   ,    ,         .          ,        ,      .      ,         . Ӡ          ,  ?

      ,             ,   .      ,   ,      ,   ,   .  -         ,      : -  ,          . ,       ,            ,    .  -, ,      ,  ,   ,   ,       , ,    ,  :  . ,     -  ,     ,     .

  ,     ?         ,           ?                 .  1956   ,     ,         .         ,       ,     ,       , ,      , ,   .   ,       . ,    ,     ,             ,        .

 ,    . , 2017     Amper       IAM AI ( Ȼ). , ,   Amper  ,      ,    ,          Break Free,   1,6  YouTube      .     , Amper       ,     ,       ,       ( ,  ,  ).

  , ,    ,           ?      ?      ?   Amper    ,  -?     ,   Amper   ,     ,   ,       ,     ,  ,        .       Amper  ,           ---̻      ?       ,  ,    ,     .      ,        ,     , 1788.           , ,   ,     ,    ,    ,    XVII   XVIII.           ,    ,    . ,  ,           ,     ,    ,    ,         -   .      ,   ,                43 000 .  ,        ,    [11 - The Seikilos Epitaph: The Oldest Song in the World, Wired, October 29, 2009, https://www.wired.com/2009/10/the-seikilos-epitaph.].

       .           ,    ,    .   ,         ,       . Homo sapiens      ,     ,          ,    ,  , .  11 000,                [12 - Population Clock: World, Census.gov, 2018, https://www.census.gov/ popclock/world.].

      ,  ,        Amper,     ,      .

       , , ,   ,   .             ,         ,     .          ,       ?




    ?


            ,   .      :   , ,        ,     . ,  ,           .       ,       ,      .         :         ,         .      ,  , ,      .      ? ,     ,  ,     ?     ?    ?    ?                    .

 1560                   II,        [13 - Elizabeth King, Clockwork Prayer: A Sixteenth-Century Mechanical Monk, Blackbird 1, no. 1 (Spring 2002), https://blackbird.vcu.edu/v1n1/ nonfiction/king_e/prayer_introduction.htm.].     :   ,    ,             .         .     ,      ,      . ,     ,    -       ,      ,     .      ,     ,     ,    :    , , .        ,    .    ,   ,     ,  ?      ,       ?

              (De Corpore),      ,   ,   .  1655  :     .       ,  ,   ,      . ,  ,   ,    [14 - AMA: We Are the Google Brain Team. Wed Love to Answer Your Questions about Machine Learning, Reddit, August 4, 2016, https://www. reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/4w6tsv/ama_we_are_the_ google_brain_team_wed_love_to/.].    ,       ?

  ,        ,          ,    ,     ,       .      ?      ,      ,     ?   , ,       .     .      ,      .   ,   ,  ,     ,      ,      ,  .    ,     , ,    .  ,      ,       ,     [15 -  .  2 . .1. ., , 1989. . : https://nibiryukov.mgimo.ru/nb_russian/nbr_teaching/nbr_teach_library/nbr_library_classics/nbr_classics_descartes_meditationes_de_prima_ philosophia.htm.   ,   ,  .. .],  [16 - Ren Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, Second Meditation 25, 1641, University of Connecticut, http://selfpace.uconn.edu/class/percep/ DescartesMeditations.pdf.].  ,      ,            .    , , .

       ,  , ,        ,       .    -      ,       ,  ,       , , .    ,              ,    .          ,    [17 - Ren Descartes, Treatise of Man, trans. T. S. Hall (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972).].

            ,       ,  ,       .      ,       . , ,  ,       .   ,   ,    ,   .      ,        ,      .

    ,   ,        .  ,     .    ,    ,   .   ,        ,      . ,    ,    ,     ,      ,  , ,      ,   , ,  .     ,      ,   ,     ,    [18 - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, The Monadology, trans. Robert Latta, (1898), https://www.plato-philosophy.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/TheMonadology-1714-by-Gottfried-Wilhelm-LEIBNIZ-1646-1716.pdf.].

          .        ,       ,   ⻠    ,      [19 - ,        The Yong Mans Gleanings,    1613.     ,  .].         ,   ,       ,    .  ,       ,     .              [20 - Blaise Pascal, Biography.com, https://www.biography.com/people/blaisepascal-9434176.].  ,       :     ,  -   ,       .  1673     ,    ,       [21 -    De progressione dyadica: []       ,    ,       .     ,  1,      0.        ,   ,  ,   ,    .  [ ]          .].      , ,   ,          ()   ().

        ,   , ,              ,           ,       ,   .       :      ,      .      ,   .    ,     ,    .  ,                      [22 -  :            ,                 ,          ,        .      :                  .  ,              .   ,    :   쓻.].




 ,      ?


     ,      ,  -    ,       ,              :   .    .

 1738  ,   ,       ,       ,    .       ,     ,    .  ,      :         ,       ?   ,    ,   ,     ,    ,     ?

     ,        .   ,    .    ,       .            ,    ,  ⠫   :  ,   ,    .          ,        ,   .        ,   , , ,   , ,     ,        ,        , ,      .

  ,      ,                     ,       ,   .  1747,     ,  ,             ,      .    ,       ,    .    ,     ;            [23 - Apes to Androids: Is Man a Machine as La Mettrie Suggests? http://www. charliemccarron.com/man_a_machine/.].

 ,      ,     ,     ,    , ,      .    , ,  ,   .   ,          -           ,  .




    ?


 1830-  ,        ,     ,  -.           ,        ,         .   ,       -,    .       ,   ,    ,          [24 - Luigi Manabrea, Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage (London: Richard and John E. Taylor, 1843).].     ,    (,  ),         ,    .    ,   -     ,     ,             .

      ,    ,  -        ,    :         [25 - Desmond MacHale, The Life and Work of George Boole: A Prelude to the Digital Age, New ed. (Cork University Press, 2014).].      ,      :     (, , , )     . ,         ,            .        .       -   ,                       . ,    ,       ,    ,      .

        ,    ,  ,     :         蠫         (Entscheidungsproblem)  .     ,        ,   .   ,     ,       .   ,  ,          .             ,       .     ,       .     ,         ,        ,     .

   ,          ,     ,       .          Entscheidungsproblem,  [26 -       ,       ,          .. .] . ,    :   ,           .   .   ,      ,           [27 -      -   The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing:  ,         ,      ,     .   ,                    . , ,           ,           ,  ,  Entscheidungsproblem,  .].

   .  ,           1930-     .      ,  ,          .    ,       .     ,             .       . ,           ,     .    ( ),  (  )   (        ,   ).

       ,     ,    ,      .    Westinghouse  ,     ,    1939.   Elektro the Moto-Man,   .            .      .   48 ,    .

    ,      ,       .     ,      ,          .

  , -      ,     ,      .     ,            .          Astounding Science Fiction   1941.       ,    ,         [28 -          .       .. .].

1.         ,     .

2.    ,       . 3.         ,         .

      .

0.         ,     .




   ?


 1943 -            ,   ,     ,         .  ,       ,   ,         , ,    ,     ,   , .        ,  .          ,     ,     ,      .     ,    ,    ,      .

                ,  -    ,    ,    ,   .  1944     ,   ,    640 ,    ,        [29 -  : .  , .      . ., , 1970.. .].           ,         ,     ,  .  ,   ,     ,             .   ,  ,          .           ()      .

         ,   ,           . London Times   1949:    ,   ()      -   ,   ,        .  ,      ,      :  ,  ,      .  ,      Mind,     ,  , ,  .       :  -          ,    .         :  .

     ,              , ,     :    ? ,        ,         .  蠫   ,        (  , 400     ,   ).

, ,   ,   ,       .    :  ,       ,  .    ,  ,   ,  ,    ,    .    ,  ,     , X  Y,  ,      ,      :    X  ,     ?      ,   X   Y.      ,  ,  ,        ,   ,  , ,    .     :  ,              [30 -    ,       .. .] 10


     ,    ,  ,           70%[31 - Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind 59, no. 236 (1950): 43360.].

         ,     ,     .  ,      , ,   -   ,          ,    ,  ,       .   ,              ,  .     ,    , ,  -   ,   ,         .  -       ,   ,      , ,    ,    .




   


 1955    (  ),   (),     (   Bell Labs)   (   IBM)    ,       .     :        ,       [32 - A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, Stanford Computer Science Departments Formal Reasoning Group, John McCarthys home page, links to articles of historical interest, last modified April 3, 1996, http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/ dartmouth/dartmouth.html.]


.             .  , ,             ,    .

    .     , , , ,     .         :   ,           ,    ?    ,         ,     .          ,      .     ,     .

    47 ,    ,                .   ,     ,  -       ,   .  ,   ,        :       ,        [33 -    , ,      ,         .    ,     1955,     .         ., Hughes Aircraft Company-, -, , . .-, , IBM Corporation-, 590-,  -, IBM Corporation-, 590-,  -, . .  , -, -     (), , . .-  IBM,  -,  .18- , 1317 C.-,  . .-  , , . .-, 324, , . . ,  , -  IBM,  -,  .-, 1102-, ø,  11- , 330-,  -, .-  Bell Telephone-, -  .Memorial Hall , ,  .-  Bell Telephone-, -,  .-    -, , -, 7358,  ,  . - -,  . . 117- , 427-,  -,   ,     2 (WC2), ,  , -,  .-  , ,  . .  -,  . .-, 112, ,   , ,   , -,     , ,   , , , -  IBM Corporation,  -, , . , , -  , , --, 21 , -, IBM Corporation-, 590-,  --, . .C-380 Lincoln Laboratory, MITLexington, MA, .Rand Corporation-, 1700-, , . .-  , , . . , , . .-  , , Rand Corporation-, 1700-, ,  .    , ,  .Technical Research Group- , 17-,  - . .    ,   8698  -, -, 62,  . .-  Bell Telephone-, -  . , -].

         ,         ,       .         ,    ,   ,     .          (IBM, Bell Labs),      .           , , ,        [34 -        ,           ,     .       .         .       , ,  ,    .  , ,    ,       . , ,      .   -,   ,       ,    . ,   ,      ,  ,     .  , PhD   ,      . ,          .            -.  , PhD  ,     ,          . ,        .   ,     . ,       ,     ,    . ,   ,     - . ,        . ,        ,    ,      . ,      . ,        . ,        .         . ,   -, 1949    West Area Computers.  -.,    , -  ,         13.].     ,     , .       ,  ,  ,    ,            ,     ,      ,  .

           .       ,   ,  ,    ,    .            ,   ,     .          ,             .     Logic Theorist,  .    ,     ,  . (   38 52 砫      ,      .)  ,          ,      ,      [35 - The Dartmouth Workshop  as Planned and as It Happened, Stanford Computer Science Departments Formal Reasoning Group, John McCarthys home page, lecture AI: Past and Future, last modified October 30, 2006, http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/slides/dartmouth/ dartmouth/node1.html.].

               .       ,    ,      [36 - The Dartmouth AI Archives, RaySolomonoff.com, http://raysolomonoff. com/dartmouth/.].          ,        :

    ,            ,  ;      ,                           ,    ;

        ,    ,        .   ,        ,  ,   ,       .

     .    ,    ,   -     ,     .     .  ,  ,                     .  ,          .      .      ,    ,         .    ,    ,       ,       .       ,      ,    .

  ,     ,              .      ,    .     ,   ,   Perceptron.       (ANN),        ,     .                 ,  ,     .           ,  ,      ,       .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=67254627)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Paul Mozur, Beijing Wants AI to Be Made in China by 2030, New York Times, July 20, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/business/ china-artificial-intelligence.html.. .




2


Tom Simonite, Ex-Google Executive Opens a School for AI, with Chinas Help, Wired, April 5, 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/ex-google-executive-opens-a-school-for-ai-with-chinas-help/.. .




3


Xinhua Headlines: Xi outlines blueprint to develop Chinas strength in cyberspace, Xinhua, April 213, 2018. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/ 2018-04/21/c_137127374_2.htm.. .




4


Stephanie Nebehay, U.N. says it has credible reports that China holds million Uighurs in secret camps, Reuters, August 10, 2018. https://www. reuters.com/article/us-china-rights-un/u-n-says-it-has-credible-reportsthat-china-holds-million-uighurs-in-secret-camps-idUSKBN1KV1SU.. .




5


Simina Mistreanu, Life Inside Chinas Social Credit Laboratory, Foreign Policy, April 3, 2018. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/03/life-inside-chinas-social-credit-laboratory/ (https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/03/life-inside-chinas-social-credit-laboratory/).. .




6


Ibid.. .




7


      ,  ,    ,       ,  .. .




8


China Shames Jaywalkers through Facial Recognition, Phys.org, June 20, 2017, https://phys.org/news/201706-china-shames-jaywalkers-facialrecognition.html.. .  1




9


               .. .




10


            : ,   , .. .




11


The Seikilos Epitaph: The Oldest Song in the World, Wired, October 29, 2009, https://www.wired.com/2009/10/the-seikilos-epitaph.




12


Population Clock: World, Census.gov, 2018, https://www.census.gov/ popclock/world.




13


Elizabeth King, Clockwork Prayer: A Sixteenth-Century Mechanical Monk, Blackbird 1, no. 1 (Spring 2002), https://blackbird.vcu.edu/v1n1/ nonfiction/king_e/prayer_introduction.htm.




14


AMA: We Are the Google Brain Team. Wed Love to Answer Your Questions about Machine Learning, Reddit, August 4, 2016, https://www. reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/4w6tsv/ama_we_are_the_ google_brain_team_wed_love_to/.




15


 .  2 . .1. ., , 1989. . : https://nibiryukov.mgimo.ru/nb_russian/nbr_teaching/nbr_teach_library/nbr_library_classics/nbr_classics_descartes_meditationes_de_prima_ philosophia.htm.   ,   ,  .. .




16


Ren Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, Second Meditation 25, 1641, University of Connecticut, http://selfpace.uconn.edu/class/percep/ DescartesMeditations.pdf.




17


Ren Descartes, Treatise of Man, trans. T. S. Hall (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972).




18


Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, The Monadology, trans. Robert Latta, (1898), https://www.plato-philosophy.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/TheMonadology-1714-by-Gottfried-Wilhelm-LEIBNIZ-1646-1716.pdf.




19


,        The Yong Mans Gleanings,    1613.     ,  .




20


Blaise Pascal, Biography.com, https://www.biography.com/people/blaisepascal-9434176.




21


   De progressione dyadica: []       ,    ,       .     ,  1,      0.        ,   ,  ,   ,    .  [ ]          .




22


 :            ,                 ,          ,        .      :                  .  ,              .   ,    :   쓻.




23


Apes to Androids: Is Man a Machine as La Mettrie Suggests? http://www. charliemccarron.com/man_a_machine/.




24


Luigi Manabrea, Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage (London: Richard and John E. Taylor, 1843).




25


Desmond MacHale, The Life and Work of George Boole: A Prelude to the Digital Age, New ed. (Cork University Press, 2014).




26


      ,       ,          .. .




27


     -   The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing:  ,         ,      ,     .   ,                    . , ,           ,           ,  ,  Entscheidungsproblem,  .




28


         .       .. .




29


 : .  , .      . ., , 1970.. .




30


   ,       .. .




31


Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind 59, no. 236 (1950): 43360.




32


A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, Stanford Computer Science Departments Formal Reasoning Group, John McCarthys home page, links to articles of historical interest, last modified April 3, 1996, http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/ dartmouth/dartmouth.html.




33


   , ,      ,         .    ,     1955,     .         .

, 

Hughes Aircraft Company

-, -, 



, . .

-

, 



, 

IBM Corporation

-, 590

-,  -



, 

IBM Corporation

-, 590

-,  -



, . .

  

, -



, 

-  

   ()

, 



, . .

-  IBM

,  -



,  .

18- , 1317 C.

-, 



 . .

-  



, 



, . .

-, 324

, 



, . .

 

,  



, 

-  IBM

,  -



,  .

-, 1102

-, 



ø, 

 11- , 330

-,  -



, .

-  Bell Telephone

-, -



  .

Memorial Hall

 

, 



,  .

-  Bell Telephone

-, -



,  .

-   

 

-, 



, 

-, 7358

,  



,  .

 - 

-, 



 . .

 117- , 427

-,  -



, 

 

 

,     2 (WC2), 



, 

 

, -



,  .

-  , 

, 



 . .

 

 

-, 



 . .

-, 112

, 



, 

  



, 



, 

  

, -



, 

  

  

, 



, 

 

 

, , 



, 

-  

IBM Corporation

,  -



, , .

 



, 



, 

-  



, 



, 

--, 21

 , -



, 

IBM Corporation

-, 590

-,  -



-, . .

C-380 Lincoln Laboratory, MIT

Lexington, MA



, .

Rand Corporation

-, 1700

-, 



, . .

-  



, 



, . .

 



, 



, . .

-  



, 



, 

Rand Corporation

-, 1700

-, 



,  .

  

  

, 



,  .

Technical Research Group

- , 17

-,  -



 . .   

 ,   8698

  -





, 

-, 62

, 



 . .

-  Bell Telephone

-, -



  .

 

, -




34


       ,           ,     .       .         .       , ,  ,    .  , ,    ,       .

 , ,      .   -,   ,       ,    .

 ,   ,      ,  ,     .

  , PhD   ,      .

 ,          .            -.

  , PhD  ,     ,          .

 ,        .   ,     .

 ,       ,     ,    .

 ,   ,     - .

 ,        .

 ,        ,    ,      .

 ,      .

 ,        .

 ,        .         .

 ,   -, 1949    West Area Computers.

  -.,    , -  ,         13.




35


The Dartmouth Workshop  as Planned and as It Happened, Stanford Computer Science Departments Formal Reasoning Group, John McCarthys home page, lecture AI: Past and Future, last modified October 30, 2006, http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/slides/dartmouth/ dartmouth/node1.html.




36


The Dartmouth AI Archives, RaySolomonoff.com, http://raysolomonoff. com/dartmouth/.


