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2

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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=67303137)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


       -,     : Rudder, Ch. (2014). Dataclysm: Love, sex, race, and identity what our online lives tell us about our offline selves. NewYork, NY: Broadway Books.




2


       ,    ,  , ,  ,        ,      . . .




3


 (mensch)   ,    .       ,   . . .




4


        ࠖ   ,  .          ,   -,   ,   .       ,  堖   ,          .              :

Ostrander, E. A., Wayne, R. K., Freedman, A. H., & Davis, B. W. (2017). Demographic history, selection and functional diversity of the canine genome. Nature Genetics, 18, 705720.




5


   ,     ,     .         ,   .     ,         .




6


 ,  ,      ,   ,        .       ,            ,   .            5%   20% .

Trut, L. (1999). Early canid domestication: The farm-fox experiment. American Scientist, 87, 160169.

Lord, K. A., Larson, G., Coppinger, R. P., & Karlsson, E. K. (2019). The history of farm foxes undermines the animal domestication syndrome. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 35, 125136.




7


          :

Dugatkin, L. A., & Trut, L. (2017) How to tame a fox (and build a dog). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ( : , , 2019.    (   ).   . .:  -.)




8


   :

https://lkalmanson.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=19&Itemid=32 (https://lkalmanson.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=19&Itemid=32).

 ,  ,  ,      ,   , , -  .




9


  Wagner, A. (2017, March 31). Why domesticated foxes are genetically fascinating (and terrible pets). PBS NewsHour.

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/domesticated-foxes-genetically-fascinating-terrible-pets (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/domesticated-foxes-genetically-fascinating-terrible-pets).




10


  ,  ,  50%        ,   :    50%-         . ,   .

  ,         .  ,  ,  ,           ,        .       .   ,       0,25%  ,     ,  2,4%  ,     .

James, W. H. (1993). The incidence of superfecundication and of double paternity in the general population. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae, 42, 257262.

Wenk, R. E., Houtz, T., Brooks, M., & Chiafari, F. A. (1992). How frequent is heteropaternal superfecundation? Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae, 41, 4347.

     , ,      ,    .




11


      ,         ,     .




12


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)   (r),        , : h


 = 2 (r


 r


). ,    -   0,80     0,50  ,      2 (0,800,50) = 0,60.        (c


)           : c


 = r


 h


.




13


       ,      ,       . ,     ,          IQ,      .




14


L?ngstr?m, N., Rahman, Q., Carlstr?m, E., & Lichtenstein, P. (2010). Genetic and environmental effects on same-sex sexual behavior: A population study of twins in Sweden. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 7580.




15


      ,       .       ,     .        ,   (       )   ,     ,      .  .         ,       (     )      IQ.

Mathey, A. (1979). Appraisal of parental bias in twin studies: Ascribed zygosity and IQ differences in twins. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae, 28, 155160.

              . ,     ,  ,         .

Loehlin, J. C., & Nichols, R. C. (1976). Heredity, environment and personality: A study of 850 sets of twins. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

     :

Morris-Yates, A., Andrews, G., Howie, P., & Henderson, S. (1990). Twins: A test of the equal environments assumption. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 81, 322326.




16


               ,   ,   .   ,        .   ,   ,    .  2018            ,   ,     ,   1961           蠖 ,    .          19.    ,                  ,       .         .    ,       .      ,               .  ,            .     ,    ,       .




17


  -: Hoersten, G. (2015, July 28). Reunited after 39 years. The Lima News. http://www.limaohio.com/features/lifestyle/147776/reunited-after-39-years (http://www.limaohio.com/features/lifestyle/147776/reunited-after-39-years).

Rawson, R. (1979, May 7). Two Ohio strangers find theyre twins at 39 and a dream to psychologists. People. https://people.com/archive/two-ohio-strangers-find-theyre-twins-at-39-and-a-dream-to-psychologists-vol-11-no-18/ (https://people.com/archive/two-ohio-strangers-find-theyre-twins-at-39-and-a-dream-to-psychologists-vol-11-no-18/).




18


           ,   ,        .

Segal, N. L. (2012). Born together reared apart: The landmark Minnesota twin study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.




19


 ,   MISTRA   ,    ,  .    ,              ,      .                         . ,  ,    MISTRA,  ,     ,    ,        .   ,   MISTRA            .




20


 ,     ,      IQ     15%.   ,      .       .




21


Krueger, R. F., Hicks, B. M., & McCue, M. (2001). Altruism and antisocial behavior: Independent tendencies, unique personality correlates, distinct etiologies. Psychological Science, 12, 397402.




22


Lejarraga, T., Frey, R., Schnitzlein, D. D., & Hertwig, R. (2019). No effect of birth order on adult risk taking. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 116, 60196024.

Damian, R. I., & Roberts, B. W. (2015). The associations of birth order with personality and intelligence in a representative sample of US high school students. Journal of Research in Personality, 58, 96105.

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