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     (Artwork by Francesco Bongiorni)

    (Jacket design by Chris Ferrante)



          



 Yuri Slezkine, 2017

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 CORPUS 

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     ( 1934  ),   , :    .      (      )    :



     .    ,    ,    ,  .          . ,  ,  . ߠ  ,   , ,   -. ߠ   ,     [5 - Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003), .603 ( 13); Granovsky, I Was, .24.     .: MatthewE.Lenoe, The Kirov Murder and Soviet History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010).].



* * *

     . ,   ,  ,       ,       (   ). Ƞ,   .



Ƞ         . Ƞ         ;     :   ,   ;   ,    ,    , ,    ,    ,        [6 - . 16:610.].


 ࠖ :    ,        ( 蠫廠  ).    ,    ().         .    (  , ,  )     .      .        [7 - Walter Burkert, Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical (Blackwell, 1885), .8284; Ren Girard, The Scapegoat (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); RobertG.Hamerton-Kelly, ed, Violent Origins (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987); Walter Burkert, Homo Necans: Interpetationen altgriechischer Opferriten und Mythen (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1972), . .6085.].

  ,  ,  堖    .   ࠖ    .      ,    .          (, , ,    )  ,    .    ,   (   -)   ,    .           ,     ꠫   ,        ,    . ,   ,      .        ,      (, , ,   ).   ,       :  [8 - Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957), .4349, 163186 . ( . 46).].

 (  )     . ,    - ;  Ē, .    - ; ,   ࠖ    .   (    ).    ,  .     .      ,  , -  (    ).  堖  . Ƞ.   (  )    ,     .     ,   .   .            :       .             .     ,    -,      .      ;     堖   [9 - , .3543, 206223.].

   :       蠫 .    ,     (, , , , , , , ,  )   ,    : , , , , , ,    .   ,      ,  젖 .     ,            .   1620-  1630-,       ,         ,     .  ,   ,    [10 - Erich Goode, Nachman Ben-Yehuda, Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance (Cambridge, MA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1994), . .144184; Wolfgang Behringer, Witches and Witch-Hunts: A Global History (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2004), .45, 1213, 113131 .; David Frankfurter, Evil Incarnate: Rumors of Demonic Conspiracy and Ritual Abuse in History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006).].



  28  1628.     ,  ,  堖     .    ,   . , ,       ; ,        ,     .

     . ,  ,     , ,     ,    .   .

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  30  1628.      ,   ,  ,   ,   [11 - GeorgeL.Burr, ed., The Witch Persecutions in Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History, 6 vols. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania History Department, 18981912), . 3, 4, .2324, http://history.hanover.edu/texts/bamberg.html, Scanned by Mike Anderson, May 1998.Proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, March 2001.].


    蠫   ,   ,  ,   ,   ,       (  ). 24  1628     .



        .    ,  ,  .  ,  ,   ,   ,      - . ߠ,  .        ,     .   : ,   ? ߠ:  . ,  ,  .   .  ,   . ߠ, ,   .   ;    ,   .    ,   .  ,    . ߠ: ߠ   ,  ,  . ,  .    ,  ,  ,      ,  -   ,     ,     ,     . Ƞ,   , . Ƞ    ,   

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Ƞ :  ,    : ,  , , ,      ,    . ,  ,  ,  , ,  ,     ,   [13 - , .28.].


* * *

 80-  XX,     ,   ,        .  1980         240        .          273 405 ,    ,       .   1984       - -      360 .  ,   ,  ,      ,   .              ⠫ .              .     ,  ,  .  , , ,      .        [14 - James Davidson Hunter, Culture Wars: The Struggle for America (NY: Basic Books, 1990); Debbie Nathan, Michael Snedeker, Satans Silence: Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern American Witch Hunt (New York: Basic Books, 1995), .23, 53103; Lawrence Wright, Remembering Satan (New York: Knopf, 1994), .7375; Mary de Young, The Day Care Ritual Abuse Moral Panic (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2004), .152.. : Sex Offender Laws Research, http://www.solresearch.org/~SOLR/rprt/bkgrd/FalsAcCases.htm].

         .   1988     Ҹ    ,         ,        .        ,    , , ,       ,      ,     .        .    ,   ,    ,     . ʠ 1993         .  17%    .       ,     ,         .  1988  .,            , ,      ,      [15 - Wright, Remembering Satan, .311, 2327, 37, 48, 5962, 7576, 163164, 86 . (  . 7,   . 83); JeffreyS.Victor, Satanic Panic: The Creation of a Contemporary Legend (Chicago: Open Court, 1993), .104 .; . 16:1920.].

       ,   ,   ,   -    (     ).  ,    ,  ,    ,    .   ,     ,        165  ,   ⠫      [16 - Wright, Remembering Satan, .74; Nathan, Snedeker, Satans Silence, .1150; Frankfurter, Evil Incarnate, .58; Victor, Satanic Panic; Philip Jenkins, Daniel Maier-Katkin, Occult Survivors: The Making of a Myth : JamesT.Richardson et al., eds., The Satanism Scare (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1991), .127144.]:



        ,   .        ,   .      ,    Ƞ     ,  ,     .  ,   ,    ,   .        ,   [17 -  : de Young, The Day Care Ritual Abuse Moral Panic, .8081.].


   ,   . Ƞ         .        .    ,   , ,        ,       ,     .    1991,  50%    ,         ,          .   ,        [18 - Frederick Crews, The Memory Wars: Freuds Legacy in Dispute (New York: New York Review of Books, 1995), .1823, 185187, 219222; Sherrill Mulhern, Satanism and Psychotherapy: A Rumor in Search of an Inquisition : Richardson et al, The Satanism Scare, .145172; Victor, Satanic Panic, .104; Wright, Remembering Satan, .78 ( ).      : Ellen Bass, Laura Davis, The Courage to Heal: A Guide for Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (  1988.).].

 ,   ,  ()   ,   .     ;   ⠫      .    ,    .      ,   , ,    .       : ߠ,       ,    .               .       . Ƞ    [19 - Wright, Remembering Satan, .8, 58.].



    ,    .  ,   .    -  , . , ,  .   .  ,   -  . -         .         [20 - , .59.].


     ,  ꠫ .   ,        ,   ,  ,                   .  ,   ,  405   ,   .          ( , ࠫ ). 7 1995,         ,     ,       : ߠ ,  . Ѡ1992      ,     ,     .  ,  ,     ,    , ,   [21 - Nathan, Snedeker, Satans Silence, .160161; Mark Pendergrast, Victims of Memory: Sex Abuse Accusations and Shattered Lives (Hinesburg, VT: Upper Access, Inc., 1996), .367.   .: http://www.sexoffendersarchive.com/citydirectory/PA/Brookhaven/Thomas_Mceachin_536231 (http://www.sexoffendersarchive.com/citydirectory/PA/Brookhaven/Thomas_Mceachin_536231)].

        ,    ,         .  ,     ,    .     (   ,     )         .   .     : ߠ    . ߠ   . ߠ  .         [22 - Wright, Remembering Satan, .134192 ( . 188). . : Listing of information on 159 cases : Sex Offender Laws Research, http://www.solresearch.org/~SOLR/rprt/bkgrd/FalsAcCases.htm].

  1984         ,  ,        .         (  )     ,     .         .     : ߠ     .      .     .   31.  ,         ,  . Ƞ ,  , ,   - , . Ƞ .   ,        .      ( )      .    ,   ,   .    ,    .     .  : ! ߠ ,  . ߠ : ߠ. : , .    . ߠ      ,  . ߠ ,   .  ,   ,  , ,   ,   ,   [23 - de Young, The Day Care Ritual Abuse Moral Panic, .71;   ,  2001.,   PBS Did Daddy Do It?, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/interviews/ileana.html; Nathan, Snedeker, Satans Silence, .173174.].

   1985     . ߠ,   ,    ,    ,   ,   ߠ,     , ,  ,   .   . Ƞ  [24 - Nathan, Snedeker, Satans Silence, .175.].

  ,      ,  ,    ,  ,   ,  ,   , 堖       .     - ,   ;    ,  ,    .       165 .       ,          .   1993         (        -    ).               .        ,     .      ,      [25 - , .175177.].

 2001     --   .  ,    ,    [26 - Ileana Floress 1994 deposition in Did Daddy Do It?, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/frank/94recant.html; Did Daddy Do it? transcript, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/etc/script.html].



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         [29 - Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Sexual Offender/Predator Flyer, http://offender.fdle.state.fl.us/offender/flyer.do?personId=58857].


* * *

       (, , )  (   ,     ,      ).       ;        .  ( ,   )   .   (,  )     .  ,  ;  ,   ;   ,   [30 - Behringer, Witches and Witch-Hunts, .213214; Joanna Ball, The Ritual of the Necklace, Publication of the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, March, 1994, http: (http://www.csvr.org.za/index.php/publications/1632-)the-ritual-of-the-necklace.html//www.csvr.org.za/index.php/publications/1632-; Gorski, The Disciplinary Revolution, .121.].

    ,     (    )  ,   堫,   .             .  ,   ໠  ,  , ,     .    [31 - Scurr, Fatal Purity, .182.].

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, ! Ƞ    . Ƞ  :     :      ,     ,    ,   ,   . Ƞ    :        .   :     ,     ,     [32 - . 32:2629.].


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* * *

   .               ( ,   ,  - 蠫 ).  1920-      ,     (     ).         ,   ,  , ,     蠫,  . XVII    ,       [37 - ,   , .163.].

  .     ⠫ .        (   蠫 ),   :     ,  堖   ( ).      , ࠫ   (        ).    ,     ,  ,  , ..       .   ,    ,  ,      ;         ,     ,   .     .   ,    砫,      [38 - , .165166.].

     ? Ѡ ,    ,     ,       . Ѡ頖 ,  蠫      ,    .    ,   , .  :     , ,   ,  ,  ,  .    ,   ;  , ,  ,    .    ,   ,     ,      .   ,    , 1934 ,    ,      . Ƞ,      ,  [39 - 2 . 3:89, 17.].


* * *

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 ࠖ .      ,  , XVII   ,     .       .    (     )     . ,      ,      .          .      ,       ,   ,        .      ,  蠫    ,  蠖     .   30  1939,  :     ,   ,     ,      ,    [40 - Max Domarus, ed., Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations, 19321945, vol. 3: 19391940 (W?rzburg: Domarus verlag, 1997), .1449.. Max Domarus, Hitler. Reden und Proklamationen, 19321945, vol. 2: 19391945 (W?rzburg: Domarus Verlag, 1963), .10571058.David Regles, Hitlers Millennial Reich (New York: NYU Press, 2005), .166 . Π     .: Sarah Davies, James Harris, Stalins World: Dictating the Soviet Order (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), .59130; James Harris, The Great Fear: Stalins Terror of the 1930s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).].

  (   ),      .   (  ),       .    ,    ,  . Ƞ      .   ,   ,        ꠫      .    (Endkampf)   , ,     .   ,    .




24. 


        .     1      ,     ,    ,        .  ..,       :    . 16     . 29        . 16         (   )     .   , ..,      ,           . , ,   .    ,   .   ,    .    .

     ,  ,   .   ,   ,  . , .        (   )[41 -     1  1934., http://stalin.memo.ru/images/1934.htm; MatthewE.Lenoe, The Kirov Murder and Soviet History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), .251388 .; , , .232234; ., ., .   3050-  (.: - , 1991), .123170 (  . 153), 183 ( ).].



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       (     ).      ,      ,    蠖      .  ,  ,    ,   ,     .    . ,       ,     , , , , ,    ,  ,  , ,  , -  ..[43 - , .191195.].

 1935   3447  , 1936-젖 23279.    堖  1935   250     15 .           .     , 108   .           ࠫ  [44 - ., ., ,   19361938. (.: , 2010), .87, 93; , , .235236, 252256; Lenoe, The Kirov Murder, .454455; J.Arch Getty, OlegV.Naumov, The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-destruction of the Bolsheviks, 19321939 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), .140218;   , http://perpetrator2004.narod.ru/Kremlin_Affair.htm].

       ,     .  堖  1935     11072  (4833   6239  )    ( ⠫  ).       122726    160    .  62     ⠫ ,  10     .    20  1935        [45 - , , .236239, 302; , , ,  , .6269, 8083; Lenoe, The Kirov Murder, .455457; . ., ., .  ʠ Ӡ Ӡ ,  1922  1936 (.: , 2003), .613616, 654657, 670671.].

      ,      ,    ,   ,    ,     蠫  [46 - ,  , .206227; , , .302; , , ,  , .8083.].

    ,   .        .   1935   ,      , , ,  .  蠫       蠫 .     ,   ,   ,     ,   .      ,   .             .      ⠫   .  19351936 9965      (3528  , 2275   1322  ).    :  ,      ?      ?[47 - , , .291298, 240241; , , ,  , .2656; ., Π  .  .]

  1936 ⠖    ࠖ      .    508   , ,      .        ,    ..,  ,    . ..   , .. .    ,     .     25.I.,    ..,   -,   .    . , ,     ,    [48 - , ., , .171184; .,     (.:  , 1991), .9498.].

   . 14  1936    :



        :   -, .

   :     ,    ,  ,     , ,   ,   ,   , ,  ,    .

     :  ,  .   ,  ,    ߠ ,          : ,   ,   ,   ,   ,  ,   ,   , [49 - , ., , .184.]


   29  1936    , -     ,      ,        蠫       ,        ,    .             ,     [50 - , .196210.].

    .   ,   , , ,  ,      .      .        in absentia.   ⠫:



     , -,   ,     ,  ,       ,   , ,  .   . Ƞ   ,        [51 -    -   (.:   , 1936); ., -  ,  (1936, 21 ).].


     -    160 .      . 26  1936      .           - . 4  ( , , ,  )   ..        -       585  (   ).     ,    .      ;    ,    [52 - , , ,  , .9199; Getty, Naumov, The Road to Terror, .255282;  , http://stalin.memo.ru/images/intro.htm].


* * *




          



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  . ,  ,      ,  ,     (  )  [53 -  , perpetrator2004.narod.ru//Bukharin_Letters.doc; , , .294.].


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1


, , . 1, .91.




2


,  2 ( ), ., , .2.




3


  .A., 30  1997.; , , . 1, .84.




4


, , http://www.memo.ru/history/agnessa/




5


Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003), .603 ( 13); Granovsky, I Was, .24.     .: MatthewE.Lenoe, The Kirov Murder and Soviet History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010).




6


. 16:610.




7


Walter Burkert, Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical (Blackwell, 1885), .8284; Ren Girard, The Scapegoat (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); RobertG.Hamerton-Kelly, ed, Violent Origins (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987); Walter Burkert, Homo Necans: Interpetationen altgriechischer Opferriten und Mythen (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1972), . .6085.




8


Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957), .4349, 163186 . ( . 46).




9


, .3543, 206223.




10


Erich Goode, Nachman Ben-Yehuda, Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance (Cambridge, MA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1994), . .144184; Wolfgang Behringer, Witches and Witch-Hunts: A Global History (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2004), .45, 1213, 113131 .; David Frankfurter, Evil Incarnate: Rumors of Demonic Conspiracy and Ritual Abuse in History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006).




11


GeorgeL.Burr, ed., The Witch Persecutions in Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History, 6 vols. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania History Department, 18981912), . 3, 4, .2324, http://history.hanover.edu/texts/bamberg.html, Scanned by Mike Anderson, May 1998.Proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, March 2001.




12


, .2628.




13


, .28.




14


James Davidson Hunter, Culture Wars: The Struggle for America (NY: Basic Books, 1990); Debbie Nathan, Michael Snedeker, Satans Silence: Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern American Witch Hunt (New York: Basic Books, 1995), .23, 53103; Lawrence Wright, Remembering Satan (New York: Knopf, 1994), .7375; Mary de Young, The Day Care Ritual Abuse Moral Panic (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2004), .152.. : Sex Offender Laws Research, http://www.solresearch.org/~SOLR/rprt/bkgrd/FalsAcCases.htm




15


Wright, Remembering Satan, .311, 2327, 37, 48, 5962, 7576, 163164, 86 . (  . 7,   . 83); JeffreyS.Victor, Satanic Panic: The Creation of a Contemporary Legend (Chicago: Open Court, 1993), .104 .; . 16:1920.




16


Wright, Remembering Satan, .74; Nathan, Snedeker, Satans Silence, .1150; Frankfurter, Evil Incarnate, .58; Victor, Satanic Panic; Philip Jenkins, Daniel Maier-Katkin, Occult Survivors: The Making of a Myth : JamesT.Richardson et al., eds., The Satanism Scare (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1991), .127144.




17


 : de Young, The Day Care Ritual Abuse Moral Panic, .8081.




18


Frederick Crews, The Memory Wars: Freuds Legacy in Dispute (New York: New York Review of Books, 1995), .1823, 185187, 219222; Sherrill Mulhern, Satanism and Psychotherapy: A Rumor in Search of an Inquisition : Richardson et al, The Satanism Scare, .145172; Victor, Satanic Panic, .104; Wright, Remembering Satan, .78 ( ).      : Ellen Bass, Laura Davis, The Courage to Heal: A Guide for Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (  1988.).




19


Wright, Remembering Satan, .8, 58.




20


, .59.




21


Nathan, Snedeker, Satans Silence, .160161; Mark Pendergrast, Victims of Memory: Sex Abuse Accusations and Shattered Lives (Hinesburg, VT: Upper Access, Inc., 1996), .367.   .: http://www.sexoffendersarchive.com/citydirectory/PA/Brookhaven/Thomas_Mceachin_536231 (http://www.sexoffendersarchive.com/citydirectory/PA/Brookhaven/Thomas_Mceachin_536231)




22


Wright, Remembering Satan, .134192 ( . 188). . : Listing of information on 159 cases : Sex Offender Laws Research, http://www.solresearch.org/~SOLR/rprt/bkgrd/FalsAcCases.htm




23


de Young, The Day Care Ritual Abuse Moral Panic, .71;   ,  2001.,   PBS Did Daddy Do It?, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/interviews/ileana.html; Nathan, Snedeker, Satans Silence, .173174.




24


Nathan, Snedeker, Satans Silence, .175.




25


, .175177.




26


Ileana Floress 1994 deposition in Did Daddy Do It?, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/frank/94recant.html; Did Daddy Do it? transcript, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/etc/script.html




27


  .




28


  , Did Daddy Do It? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/fuster/interviews/fuster.html




29


Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Sexual Offender/Predator Flyer, http://offender.fdle.state.fl.us/offender/flyer.do?personId=58857




30


Behringer, Witches and Witch-Hunts, .213214; Joanna Ball, The Ritual of the Necklace, Publication of the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, March, 1994, http: (http://www.csvr.org.za/index.php/publications/1632-)the-ritual-of-the-necklace.html//www.csvr.org.za/index.php/publications/1632-; Gorski, The Disciplinary Revolution, .121.




31


Scurr, Fatal Purity, .182.




32


. 32:2629.




33


2. 2:2022.




34


. 16:3, 19; 12:2, 10; 16:32; . 9:20; Michael Walzer, Exodus and Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 1985), .64, 111.




35


2 . 2:49.




36


2 . 2:12.




37


,   , .163.




38


, .165166.




39


2 . 3:89, 17.




40


Max Domarus, ed., Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations, 19321945, vol. 3: 19391940 (W?rzburg: Domarus verlag, 1997), .1449.. Max Domarus, Hitler. Reden und Proklamationen, 19321945, vol. 2: 19391945 (W?rzburg: Domarus Verlag, 1963), .10571058.David Regles, Hitlers Millennial Reich (New York: NYU Press, 2005), .166 . Π     .: Sarah Davies, James Harris, Stalins World: Dictating the Soviet Order (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), .59130; James Harris, The Great Fear: Stalins Terror of the 1930s (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).




41


    1  1934., http://stalin.memo.ru/images/1934.htm; MatthewE.Lenoe, The Kirov Murder and Soviet History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), .251388 .; , , .232234; ., ., .   3050-  (.: - , 1991), .123170 (  . 153), 183 ( ).




42


, ., , .159164.




43


, .191195.




44


., ., ,   19361938. (.: , 2010), .87, 93; , , .235236, 252256; Lenoe, The Kirov Murder, .454455; J.Arch Getty, OlegV.Naumov, The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-destruction of the Bolsheviks, 19321939 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), .140218;   , http://perpetrator2004.narod.ru/Kremlin_Affair.htm




45


, , .236239, 302; , , ,  , .6269, 8083; Lenoe, The Kirov Murder, .455457; . ., ., .  ʠ Ӡ Ӡ ,  1922  1936 (.: , 2003), .613616, 654657, 670671.




46


,  , .206227; , , .302; , , ,  , .8083.




47


, , .291298, 240241; , , ,  , .2656; ., Π  .  .




48


, ., , .171184; .,     (.:  , 1991), .9498.




49


, ., , .184.




50


, .196210.




51


   -   (.:   , 1936); ., -  ,  (1936, 21 ).




52


, , ,  , .9199; Getty, Naumov, The Road to Terror, .255282;  , http://stalin.memo.ru/images/intro.htm




53


 , perpetrator2004.narod.ru//Bukharin_Letters.doc; , , .294.




54


 .


