 .    .  .  
  


 .     #2
           ,     .  ,     ,      .    .   ,    ,   ,     , ,        ,  ,       .     ,     ,     ,     ,     ,     ,     .  1930-  1940-   800    .            .  ໠     ,  ,     .       .

 ,  ,       ;       ;       ;                  .





 

 .    

 .  



     (Artwork by Francesco Bongiorni)

    (Jacket design by Chris Ferrante)



          



 Yuri Slezkine, 2017

 . ,    , 2019

 . , , 2019

   Ҕ, 2019

 CORPUS 

18+


* * *


  .

    蠖  .

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		    !

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 . 

  ,  ,    ,   .     ,  ,     ,     ,            ,     頖   ,          ,     ,    ,       .            ,    ,   :  ,  ,   , , ,  ,  , . , ,  , ,   .

 , ,  









          .     .         ,      .

               .         ; 505   , , , , , , , ,  ,  ,        ,     .  -      1300 ;   ࠖ   1500 .

  , , , ,  , -, -,  ,     ,     .

 1935    2600 .  700    ,      . ,   588 ,   .  ,    600 800 , , , , , , , ,     (  57   ).

   ,    , ,     .

 1930- 1940-   800      ,   .    .      ,     .

  1941    . ,      .  -  ,    .        .


* * *

   . 젖     ,       :     ,   ,  ,  ,       . ,       ,   .    ໠  .

 栖 .      ,  .             ,        .          .     ,   ,    ,    .

 栖 .           ,  ,    .         .               ,     .    ⠖  ,  ,     ࠖ     .      ,   ,   ø堖    .

     .  ,  ,       ,    ,   ,   ,   ,   ,     , ,   .

 ,  ,      ;      ;     ;            .

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 ,       ,        ,      .


* * *

         ,    .      ,       .

            (. 103 104)  ,       .            (. 389, 18)      ,       , ,   ,    .       1920-    (. 357)           .       (. 28)  ,   .        ,  .        (. 393)       ,        .     1919   (. 230)     ,    ( ).    - ,    (. 372),         .

 ,         (. 262),  ,  ,   .  ,        (. 162),    .  ,        (. 418),            ,        ,  .   ,        ,   (. 319),   ,  -.        .       ,    .  (. 319)   ,  ()             - (. 470).          (. 39)          ,    ࠖ  .      ,        ( );     .  -,         (. 237),         , , , .       (. 245, 291)       , , , .

 ,       (. 400),          .      ,    .  ,       (. 199),    ,  .        .  ,       (. 159),        ,      ,  .  ,               ,      ,      .  ,      (. 10 505),       .  -     (. 226)         .     (. 143)         .         .  ,    ,         (. 82).  ,           (. 137),  ,     .  ,  ,     ,   , , , , , ,     .







     . ߠ            ;    ,          ;     ;    ;       ;  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , ..,  , ..,       .    ,        :  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  -,  ,  ,        .

   ,    ,    ;     ,    ;       ⠫ ;    ,     .      ,          .

   ,         :    ,      -      ,      .    .

   .      ;        ;     ,      .          .




 

 





 III

 





9. 


  1929         .   ,       .          .     , ,   .      ,   ,        .



   ?   .

    :

Ӡ , .

       . Ѡ    ,   .       ,    ,     .

    -   ,        ,    ,   .   ,          .     .        .

 ?   .

  , ,   !  .

   ,    .

   .  :

 , ?

  -, ,  .

     ,     ?   .

    .

    ,   ,   .     ,   ,   .      ,    .

Ƞ    ,       .


     ,   ,    .

       ,   ( ).  ,  :      ,     ,     ,         [1 - .,  , https://ilibrary.ru/text/1012/p.1/index.html; , . 3316, . 21, . 717, . 9.].

  1927,    ,              .      1891,        1911-,    , 1914-  ,        .  1921    , 1924-    .        .          (1924)       (1925).        [2 - .,   (.: , 1978), .1937; ., .,     (M.: , 2002), .239247.].

   20  1927             .  ,   ,     :   ,    :   ,   ( ).     :  ,  , ,  (   ),   (,  ),   ( ) ..,      (,   ..).     1928.      [3 - , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 3435.].

      ,    ,     ,        ,    (   ).      , 24  1924        [4 - , . 5446, . 55, . 1519, . 1, 35; , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 40.].

Ӡ    .             1908.,   10,57 ;   ,      ,     8 12 .         .   - ,   (   ),     .      .         蠫   (     ).        .        .       .     ,  ,      1650-  ,  ,       -  (     ),   .  ,  ,            . ,       ,     ,  ,   ,    ,    , , ,     ,        ..     ,            .  ,    [5 -  . 2, . 1, . 448, . 12 ., 13 .;  . 5446, . 82, . 2, . 328; , . 66, . 14, . 69, . 200203; , . 66, . 14, . 124, . 10, 16; , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 9193; , . 5446, . 38, . 10, . 228230; , . 1235, . 72, . 62, . 18; , . 3316, . 24, . 517, . 296 ( . 12 .); .,    ʻ,   (2002, 1), .195202.].






 



   1928       .      砫    ,  ࠖ       .          10 ,        6- , 20 ,   ,  12.  ,     -  ,                 (8 11 ), , ,  1500 ,  1000 ,  ,   .[6 - , . 2, . 1, . 448, . 12 ., 13 ., 26; ,  , .42; , .].






 .        



   440     .         , ,    ,  , ,           ,       .    ,     ,     , ,    ,       , ,           .     [7 - , . 2, . 1, . 448, . 7180 .; , .].

   24  1928.  ( 3520)          .        2000 12  .    ,             .        .       , [8 - .,    ʻ,   (1928, 10), .810; , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 71; , . 589, . 1, . 29.. 337.].



   ,     ,  .        ,     . ,     ,  ,      .     ,      . ,  ,   .  ,  ,       .       , , , ,      ,   ,     , ࠖ ;    ,   .





  (  )



   ,           . ,   ,       , , .   ,                   . 60%    ,   ,      .   1928,    ,        )   ,   ,    .;)   (  ); )  ; )        (., ,    .); ) ; )   .[9 - ,  ; , . 268, . 1, . 175, . 19; . 31, . 35; , . 67, . 1, . 625, . 4344.].

  , 堖   .     , , ,  ,    ,  , . (  1927       5,57 .   蠫        ,  .)      , , , ,  ,   (    )   ,  ꠫  ( ,       ).   ,   ,   .         -    : ,  ,  ,      , ,  頖  ,  ,      .  ,     ,    .       .       .           ,   ,     .             [10 - , . 5446, . 38, . 10, . 230; , . 1474, . 7, . 50, . 21; , . 67, . 1, . 665, . 4; , . 268, . 1, . 179, . 1; , . 1474, . 7, . 102, . 137 (  ); , . 268, . 1, . 175, . 10 ( ).].



  ,   ,      .   .     .       ,      , [11 - ,  . .: ࠖ ;    , ,  ,  ;         ;    ,  ,  ,    ,      ,   . ., Π  ,   ʻ, , . 44, .369370, http://vilenin.eu/t44/p369; http://vilenin.eu/t44/p370]


  1927,       ,      ,     , ,          蠖  ,    - ,  , .         ,   .        ,  :  43   ,   .   1932          .     ,    ,  .   810  67 .   .   ,    .   ,      :      ,    ,  ,      [12 - , . 67, . 1, . 591, . 32; . 815, . 6566; , . 1474, . 7, . 104, . 122; , . 268, . 1, . 175, . 11.].






  (  )






  (  )





         .       1929   :    :  ,   ,       ?     ,        ,   , ,    ,               .  ,  ,  ,   ⠖  .     1929  ,       ,    .   -      .



     ,    .      ?,    .    ,  .  ,   -,     [13 - , . 268, . 1, . 31, . 60; ,  .].





  (    )



  1929              ,      .   ,     ,       .    ,  ,     ,   ,           .        ,   蠖 ࠫ     ,    ,       ʻ.     ,         ࠫ      .              蠫         ,     .       ,         .   ,      ,    ,  ,     .  ,  ,  ,  ,    . 8 1930    ( )  .      .     [14 - , . 67, . 1, . 735, . 975 .; . 746, . 150; . 755, . 49; . 759, . 96; . 770, . 78 .; , . 1474, . 7, . 50, . 29a; . 102, . 242; , . 124, . 1, . 1298, . 3.;   .., 8  1998.; , . 2, . 1, . 448, . 121131.].






   






   



   ,   .



    :

  ?,   

,   ,  , .  .

 ,       .

  ,    . Ӡ  ,      

.  ,      .

Ѡ             ,    堖   .       ,     ,      ,      .

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 ( )   



     .      ꠫      ,         .   , -  ,    ,  ,  .



    ,  ,  .      ? ʠ, .    - ? .       ,  . -, --     ,     .





   



 ,     ,              .    ,       .      .   1929      ,              ,   :  ?    ,  ,  .      ,       .   1929,    ,      :     ,   ,   . ,   ,    , ,  ,   ,       ,       .   蠖     [15 - ,  ; , . 67, . 1, . 663, . 110; . 733, . 93, 185; . 746, .150;  (1928, 5 , 40) ( , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 89);   (1928, 7), .1314 ( );   (1928, 8), .23.].

  1928         , ,     ,      ,  ,    .         .       ,   .     ,  ,    ,     (        , ),      ,    .    1929    6,5 18,5  .   ࠖ 24 .    30  (   ).  ,    ,  ,          [16 - , . 5446, . 11a, . 554, . 164 ( . 49 64); . 1, . 37, . 45; . 9, . 413, . 115; . 10, . 2021, . 15; . 13a, . 981, . 129; , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 93.].

 ,        ,    .



        ,   ,   ,       -  (, , ,  ..),    50%                (   -,  ..)[17 - , . 5446, . 82, . 2, . 327328.].


     (  )     .  (3,4)    ;        .       ,     蠖  .            .    ,   505    440.    ,    . ,   , :   (     );   ,  ;         ;    ;    1930  .            .   1930          200 300  .           500 , 300  50 . ʠ   .  1931      .        1932-.      1933[18 - , . 5446, . 11a, . 554, . 53; . 82, . 2, . 2629, 328 .; . 13a, . 981, . 1318; . 38, .10, . 226234; , .].






      .     .  .   .   






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* * *

  , ,    .   ⠫ .    , . ,  ,   .  ,  , ,  .    ,  ,          . ,   :     ,   ?  .  .  ,   ;   ,    ,   ,  ,    .     蠖          [19 - ., Π  (.; .: , 1930), .16; .,   ..,   (1929, 1), .22.. : .,    .    (.: , 1980), .170171.].

  ,    ,    ,  (     ).  ,     𻠖   .      ;  컠  ,   . Ƞ     ( ),       ( ). ,  ,     , ,       ,  ,  ,   . ,   ,     , ,       [20 - ., ʠ ,   (1929, 4), .130134; .,  , . 2 (.:  , 1934), .5.].

       - ,  砫- () 2030    .    ,   ( ,  ,    )       .



      ,       .       ,  ,  .    ,  : , , , , - ,     .  ,    ,      , ,  ,   ,  ,  , ,      ,  -       . ,          .

     ,    , ,   ,   . ,   ,   ,         ,          .     .    , , ,      ,  ,        ,   , , ,  ,       ,   .

     ,   ,   ,    .         ,      .        . ,  ,  , ,   ,   .     ,       .     ,    ,    ,  ,      .

   ,      .            ,    :   , -   ,   ,   ,  ,    ,  ,  .     79 . [21 - .,   ,     .   (M.:  , 1930), .5960.. :   ,  (1929, 2 ), .,   (.:  , 1930).].


-,  ,   ,     , .. ,       ࠖ -    [22 - .,    ,  , .70.].

 ,       .              .    -    ,     .  .    ,     -  ,  .  . ,  ,  ,      .  ,     蠫     .   ,      ,       .  ,       ,  .     ,       (  ,   ,    )[23 - , Π , .3031.].

   ⠫  .



 ,  ? ,  .        ;         .

        ,     

     .        ,      -   , .    ,         , ..   [24 - ., .,   .].


 ..    :       ,        .   ,          ,  ,   ,              .    ,      ,      :   , ,  , -,      -,             [25 - .,     (M.: , 1930), .3435, 39.].

  ?     , ..:  ,    ,   , ,       ..,       ,  ,    ,      .       , ,  ,  ,   -. ,         .          [26 - .,   (.:  , 1930), .75, 4849.].



 ,             蠫,                ,    ,    ,    ,               ,           ,   ,    ,   ,     [27 - ., Π  ,  , (1930, 3), .78.].


, , , ,   ,   .



        ( ,  )    . ,      ,      ,   , ..      ,            .  -      ,    ,       .  -         ( , ,        ),      ,         ,     [28 - .].


  .  蠖   . ,   56,  ,      ( 12- ),    ,       .         :    ,        .    ,      ( ,     ⠫  ),    ,          [29 - ,  , .73; .,      (.:   -, 1929), .3541 ( . 35).].

    ,   -  .     ( ,   蠖        ):



         ? Ƞ , , ,   -,    (       )    ,      (, , ),   ,    , ,  ,     (  ,    ,  !)[30 - .,   ,   (1930, 12), .58; .,  (.: -, 2002), .5; Alexander Pasternak, A Vanished Present, edited and translated by Ann Pasternak Slater (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984), .xviii. . : ., ,   ,  , .153155.].


      .  , , ,   -  ?      ,         ,    .         . Ӡ   .            .      ,         .    ࠖ  ,       [31 - ,  , .20; ,   , .60; , ʠ ,   (1929, 4), .130, 133; ,   ,   (1930, 12), .10, 14.].

 ? ,  ,   ,  .    ;   .      ,    ,        .           .  :   , , ࠖ      ()  (, ),        ,  ,  , ..           ,  [32 - ,   , .79; ,   , .58.].

       .  ,      ,  堖 ,   ( ) .     .



   ?

       ,       .     :    .                 .

       - -      .

       [33 - ,   , .12.].


              , ࠖ ,  ,    ,   ,    ,   , ,  , , ,   ( ).      .    ,    ,    .  ,  ,   ,  ,  .   



    . , ,   .., ,         ,  , ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,   ,    , , 堫,  [34 - , .1213.].


   ,     ,     ⠫, , ,   ?  , ,   ,    , ,    ..  , ,         .    ,     ,      (,  ).     [35 - , .15.].

 :



 ,   ,    ,        ,   ;        ,      .   ,      ,     ,       ,   , , ,     [36 - ,   , .60.].


Ƞ,   .    ,    :     ,   -   ,   .      ;  ,    軠    -   ࠫ  ( :        ,    ,   )[37 - .,   (.:  , 1931), .45.].

Ƞ,   .     ,       . Π  . (           . .    :       .     .)   ,       ,             -[38 - S.Frederick Starr, Melnikov: Solo Architect in a Mass Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978), .178179; .,    ,   (1930, 3), .15.].

Ƞ,   .        ,    ,  ,         .  ,   (   ),  ,   .    ,      .           .     , 堖  ,  ,  .   ,            .              .     ,     -  ,  ,    ,   ,       ,  砖   .     ,       .       .           .         .      ,  .     ,     .       - ,    ,   , ,    ,    . ,      ,       ,  , ,   ,     - (   ),    -,    ?[39 - , , .13; .,   ,  , .82; ,    , .15.]

    ;     .  ,          .   ,      .     : ,        ,   , ..    , ,  ;  ,     ,  .        :  ,    ,  , 蠫  ,    廠 .    :          .     ;     , , , , ,     .     .      , ,  ,    (,  ,    堖    ).   ⠫    , , ,  , , ,  .   ࠖ      ,        .   ⠖   ,       蠖 ,      [40 - ., : , ,  (M.: , 1928), .70..   .   . 26  1929.,  : ,    , .68 (.  .6368, 160161, 203); Victor Buchli, An Archaeology of Socialism (Oxford: Berg, 1999), .4445;   .., .1617; ,  , .3940.].

     .    ,     .     蠫     -  . -        .       (19291930)    :    ࠖ   .      .  㠖 ,  .  㠖      .  㠖   .     ,   .      , , , ,  ,    .      ,      .         6?6,      200 .      ,    ,   .    ,      .      ࠫ[41 - ,    , .194195, 186187; Milka Blizniakov, Soviet Housing during the Experimental Years, 1918 to 1933 : William Craft Brumfield, BlairA.Ruble, eds., Russian Housing in the Modern Age (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), .120125; Anatole Kopp, Town and Revolution: Soviet Architecture and City Planning, 19171935 (New York: George Braziller, 1970), .179184; ., ., .,    (.: , 1987), .8788; .,  . XX (.:  , 1984), .7172; .,  XX.   (M.: -, 2001), .3, 89, 311312; .,  ,   (2007, 23 ,   4348) (.  ).].

 ,   ( , ,        ).   ,    ,  ꠫     .          (19281930).    :



   82 ;   ࠖ ,   ,      .   ,    ,      .   , -,    .     

    ,      ,  .   ,  ,         ,    .

     :      ,      .

       ,   ,    .      .        ,    ,   ,  ,  .

  :                 .

ʠ       .      , ;  堖  ,  200 ;  堖 , , .  頖    , 

 ,   -,   . -  

,     .          ; ,   ,        [42 - .,    (  -   ),  , .139140.. : Buchli, An Archaeology of Socialism, .6776; ,    , .171173; ,  , .72.].





-  



     .        :  .      (  ),   ,   ,     .         , ,     ()  .       ,   .      ,    .    ( -  ):   ,      .  ,   ,     [43 - ,    , .107178, 176179, 191192, 191193, 201 (      . 193).].






 



    ( ).         .    ꠫  ,  ,  ꠫ ,    , , .           ,   .  :   .    (   ).         .      (, , ,  ..),          ,    .        ?       (    )   , .       ,     . ,    , ,  ( -        )[44 - ,    , .1415, 1516; . :   .., .12.].

 ,  . 1 1930 (       )    ,  ,  , ࠖ  .  ,  ,   .     ,     ,          ,     ,          젖 ,     .          .       ,     ,            .         .           ,  ,         [45 - .,   ,  (1930, 1 ).].

          Π  .



 ,          ,       (,  . .)          ,  ,  ,    , 頖          ,         [46 -   ()   ,   (1930, 12), .3.].


    .       ,    ,    ,           .

  . ʠ 1930    ,  ,  .  -   .   :



        .   , , , , , ,  .       .        ,  - ,   , .. - :     ,  ..

,       :  ,   ,   (   6070)   , ,  ;  ,    -,     ,  ,     [47 - .,  -,  , .135 ( ).].





  



  1930 ,  ࠖ     .    :       ;  ( )  .       ;   ,         [48 - ., ʠ ,   (1930, 2), .78, 1819.].

   :       ,   - .   .  (   . )  , ,   ,   ,  1300        (   ).     , , , , , , ,      1500 ,  ,    .       ,     (   110 1225), 505 ,  .   , ,    , ,    .    ,   ,   ,   .    , ,  .   (  1 12,  )   .      ,  .






  



  ( )       . Ѡ1878  -    (tenements),      ,   (apartment buildings),    .      -   ,  ;     .  , 72- ,     .  -    [49 - Gwendolyn Wright, Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1983), .139144; Norbert Schoenauer, 6000 Years of Housing (New York: Norton, 2000), .335337.].






  






     .   













 






  






   






  



     젖  .         (),  ,    (),     - - .        ,        .        ,      ,   ( ,  )      , ,      ,  ,  .

    .   ,   ,  ,    . ,   ,   ,     .      ,        . - ,  ,    .  ,  ,   1- 12- ,       ,        [50 - ,  , .3743, 5356; ,  , .7477.].

 ,    ,   ,   ,    .






  






   






     






    






  






     ()





    ,   ..      ,     ,     ,        ,       -   ,   ,   [51 - ,  , .6768.].


  ,    ,  ,    ,     :    .   -, 堖  .   ,   ; 堖  ,   .    , 堖     .          .         .     ,  ,       [52 - .,   (.: , 1993), .137138.].






  



       .     .  ,   ,   ;  ,   - -,    ;   ,   ,    ; -  ,     ,     . .        .


* * *

     :       ,  .   ,   ,   , ,     .     , ,   ,  ,   .  ,     ,  ,   [53 - , . 5446, . 1, . 67; . 3316, . 24, . 517, ., 32, 95; . 29, . 496; ,    ʻ; ., -,   (.: , 1990), .209212.].

  ,   .  ,     1930:



Ӡ      ,  ,   -  :       ;    , ,  .

 ࠖ ,  ,         .   , ,    .





  



   .     .



       .    ,   III,     ,    .        .   , ,  ,      , ,   ,  [54 - ., ࠖ -   ?,  , .143144.].


      ;         . 6 1931 ,    ,   ;  1931-    (      ); 13  1931     Π       .      15  ,   5900 ,   200     . ʠ  (1 )      272 ,   160  . 5   . 28  1932        ,      .    ,  , ,  .      ,   .        (     )[55 - , . 3316, . 24, . 517, . 37, 5355; , . 694, . 1, . 3, . 6566;  .   1932. (.: , 1933), .68; Sona Stephan Hoisington, Ever Higher: The Evolution of the Project for the Palace of Soviets, Slavic Review, . 62, (2003, Spring, 1), .4168; Richard Anderson, The Future of History: The Cultural Politics of Soviet architecture, 19281941 (Ph. D. dissertation, Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 2010), .6771; KarineN.Ter-Akopyan, The Design and Construction of the Palace of Soviets of the USSSR in Moscow, Naum Gabo and the Competition for the Palace of Soviets, Moscow 19311933 (Berlin: Berlinische Galerie, 1993), .185196.ߠ       .].






  1931.






  1931.






  1931.



 -    (    ).    , , ,      ,      ,       .          砫 ,  ,    ,    [56 -  , .76, 5556, 101103, 106107.].

 1933    (   ,   )   ,       ,     ,   .     ,  ,   ,     . 10  1933             5075 ,        . 4 1933      .. ..,        .    (  )    1934.      [57 - Hoisington, Ever Higher, .5762; ,  , .8793 (  .93);  , .5960; , . 124, . 1, . 1298, . 3.; Anderson, TheFuture of History, .7174;   M.., 3  1997.].

    ,      416 .      堖   ,   ,   .  .      - ,       .  ࠖ 100   6             .        70 , ࠫ            , ,  ,     [58 - .,   (.:  , 1940), .11, 1718.].






  1933.



         ,    ,   ,  ,  ,  , , ,   [59 - , .19, 109110.].



    ,    ࠖ -, ,        ,      .         :    115 .

            ,     ,   .

 蠖   ,    1500 , , ,  .    ,   :          ,    [60 - , .1819.].





    1933.






 ,    1933.






 






    



       : ,    ,  ; ,     ;    .



   ,    ;          .

   .    頖   ,   ,     .

       .     . -      .    [61 - , .12.].


 蠖  ,      .         .



    .    .   ,   .   .    , , .

 ,   ,      -.     ,   ,  ,            ,       .     ,    ,    , .   ![62 - , .1415.]





    



        .           .     ,        .        ,    .    1934:       ,     ,  ,     ,     .    ,  , ,  ,  ,   -      [63 - , .18; , . 81, . 3, . 184, . 124.].


* * *

        .    (1927)    -;     (1931)   ( ); , !   (1932)    ;     (1933)    ;    (1931),      (1932) 蠫   (1933)   ;    (1929)  -  ( ); -  (1934)  - ; ࠫ  (1929) 蠫 (1930)  ࠖ   [64 -    .: MaryA.Nicholas, Writers at Work: Russian Production Novels and the Construction of Soviet Culture (Lewisburg: Buckness University Press, 2010); Andreas Guski, Literatur und Arbeit: Produktionsskizze und Produktionsroman im Russland des 1.F?nfjahrplans (19281932) (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1995).].

     ,   ,    (, , , )  .  蠖  (   , -) .    :  ,  ,  ,    . Ӡ   ,        . ,    ,     :



,  : 蠖 , 蠖 , 蠖 ,  , 堖 ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , , ,  ,  .  ,   ,   .      ,   .     蠖  .  -   , ,  蠖   .    ,     ,  .  ?

 ,  .

,  ,  [65 - .,    (M.: , 1960), .425.].


    , ,   ,   ,  : , ;  ,  , ,   ,  , , .      ,  , , , ,  ,  ,   , , ,    ,   ,   , ,   -. ⠫    ,      :  ,  ,  ,   ,      .  ,     ,      ,   .      (  ,    ,   , , ),     :   ,   ![66 - ., , !,  , . 2 (.:  , 1983), .302; .,   (.:  , 1935), .9; .,  (M.:  , 1968), .9798.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/uriy-lvovich-slezkin/dom-pravitelstva-saga-o-russkoy-revolucii-kniga-vtora/)  .

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notes








1


.,  , https://ilibrary.ru/text/1012/p.1/index.html; , . 3316, . 21, . 717, . 9.




2


.,   (.: , 1978), .1937; ., .,     (M.: , 2002), .239247.




3


, . 2, . 6, . 230, . 3435.




4


, . 5446, . 55, . 1519, . 1, 35; , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 40.




5


 . 2, . 1, . 448, . 12 ., 13 .;  . 5446, . 82, . 2, . 328; , . 66, . 14, . 69, . 200203; , . 66, . 14, . 124, . 10, 16; , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 9193; , . 5446, . 38, . 10, . 228230; , . 1235, . 72, . 62, . 18; , . 3316, . 24, . 517, . 296 ( . 12 .); .,    ʻ,   (2002, 1), .195202.




6


, . 2, . 1, . 448, . 12 ., 13 ., 26; ,  , .42; , .




7


, . 2, . 1, . 448, . 7180 .; , .




8


.,    ʻ,   (1928, 10), .810; , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 71; , . 589, . 1, . 29.. 337.




9


,  ; , . 268, . 1, . 175, . 19; . 31, . 35; , . 67, . 1, . 625, . 4344.




10


, . 5446, . 38, . 10, . 230; , . 1474, . 7, . 50, . 21; , . 67, . 1, . 665, . 4; , . 268, . 1, . 179, . 1; , . 1474, . 7, . 102, . 137 (  ); , . 268, . 1, . 175, . 10 ( ).




11


,  . .: ࠖ ;    , ,  ,  ;         ;    ,  ,  ,    ,      ,   . ., Π  ,   ʻ, , . 44, .369370, http://vilenin.eu/t44/p369; http://vilenin.eu/t44/p370




12


, . 67, . 1, . 591, . 32; . 815, . 6566; , . 1474, . 7, . 104, . 122; , . 268, . 1, . 175, . 11.




13


, . 268, . 1, . 31, . 60; ,  .




14


, . 67, . 1, . 735, . 975 .; . 746, . 150; . 755, . 49; . 759, . 96; . 770, . 78 .; , . 1474, . 7, . 50, . 29a; . 102, . 242; , . 124, . 1, . 1298, . 3.;   .., 8  1998.; , . 2, . 1, . 448, . 121131.




15


,  ; , . 67, . 1, . 663, . 110; . 733, . 93, 185; . 746, .150;  (1928, 5 , 40) ( , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 89);   (1928, 7), .1314 ( );   (1928, 8), .23.




16


, . 5446, . 11a, . 554, . 164 ( . 49 64); . 1, . 37, . 45; . 9, . 413, . 115; . 10, . 2021, . 15; . 13a, . 981, . 129; , . 2, . 6, . 230, . 93.




17


, . 5446, . 82, . 2, . 327328.




18


, . 5446, . 11a, . 554, . 53; . 82, . 2, . 2629, 328 .; . 13a, . 981, . 1318; . 38, .10, . 226234; , .




19


., Π  (.; .: , 1930), .16; .,   ..,   (1929, 1), .22.. : .,    .    (.: , 1980), .170171.




20


., ʠ ,   (1929, 4), .130134; .,  , . 2 (.:  , 1934), .5.




21


.,   ,     .   (M.:  , 1930), .5960.. :   ,  (1929, 2 ), .,   (.:  , 1930).




22


.,    ,  , .70.




23


, Π , .3031.




24


., .,   .




25


.,     (M.: , 1930), .3435, 39.




26


.,   (.:  , 1930), .75, 4849.




27


., Π  ,  , (1930, 3), .78.




28


.




29


,  , .73; .,      (.:   -, 1929), .3541 ( . 35).




30


.,   ,   (1930, 12), .58; .,  (.: -, 2002), .5; Alexander Pasternak, A Vanished Present, edited and translated by Ann Pasternak Slater (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984), .xviii. . : ., ,   ,  , .153155.




31


,  , .20; ,   , .60; , ʠ ,   (1929, 4), .130, 133; ,   ,   (1930, 12), .10, 14.




32


,   , .79; ,   , .58.




33


,   , .12.




34


, .1213.




35


, .15.




36


,   , .60.




37


.,   (.:  , 1931), .45.




38


S.Frederick Starr, Melnikov: Solo Architect in a Mass Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978), .178179; .,    ,   (1930, 3), .15.




39


, , .13; .,   ,  , .82; ,    , .15.




40


., : , ,  (M.: , 1928), .70..   .   . 26  1929.,  : ,    , .68 (.  .6368, 160161, 203); Victor Buchli, An Archaeology of Socialism (Oxford: Berg, 1999), .4445;   .., .1617; ,  , .3940.




41


,    , .194195, 186187; Milka Blizniakov, Soviet Housing during the Experimental Years, 1918 to 1933 : William Craft Brumfield, BlairA.Ruble, eds., Russian Housing in the Modern Age (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), .120125; Anatole Kopp, Town and Revolution: Soviet Architecture and City Planning, 19171935 (New York: George Braziller, 1970), .179184; ., ., .,    (.: , 1987), .8788; .,  . XX (.:  , 1984), .7172; .,  XX.   (M.: -, 2001), .3, 89, 311312; .,  ,   (2007, 23 ,   4348) (.  ).




42


.,    (  -   ),  , .139140.. : Buchli, An Archaeology of Socialism, .6776; ,    , .171173; ,  , .72.




43


,    , .107178, 176179, 191192, 191193, 201 (      . 193).




44


,    , .1415, 1516; . :   .., .12.




45


.,   ,  (1930, 1 ).




46


  ()   ,   (1930, 12), .3.




47


.,  -,  , .135 ( ).




48


., ʠ ,   (1930, 2), .78, 1819.




49


Gwendolyn Wright, Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1983), .139144; Norbert Schoenauer, 6000 Years of Housing (New York: Norton, 2000), .335337.




50


,  , .3743, 5356; ,  , .7477.




51


,  , .6768.




52


.,   (.: , 1993), .137138.




53


, . 5446, . 1, . 67; . 3316, . 24, . 517, ., 32, 95; . 29, . 496; ,    ʻ; ., -,   (.: , 1990), .209212.




54


., ࠖ -   ?,  , .143144.




55


, . 3316, . 24, . 517, . 37, 5355; , . 694, . 1, . 3, . 6566;  .   1932. (.: , 1933), .68; Sona Stephan Hoisington, Ever Higher: The Evolution of the Project for the Palace of Soviets, Slavic Review, . 62, (2003, Spring, 1), .4168; Richard Anderson, The Future of History: The Cultural Politics of Soviet architecture, 19281941 (Ph. D. dissertation, Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 2010), .6771; KarineN.Ter-Akopyan, The Design and Construction of the Palace of Soviets of the USSSR in Moscow, Naum Gabo and the Competition for the Palace of Soviets, Moscow 19311933 (Berlin: Berlinische Galerie, 1993), .185196.ߠ       .




56


 , .76, 5556, 101103, 106107.




57


Hoisington, Ever Higher, .5762; ,  , .8793 (  .93);  , .5960; , . 124, . 1, . 1298, . 3.; Anderson, TheFuture of History, .7174;   M.., 3  1997.




58


.,   (.:  , 1940), .11, 1718.




59


, .19, 109110.




60


, .1819.




61


, .12.




62


, .1415.




63


, .18; , . 81, . 3, . 184, . 124.




64


   .: MaryA.Nicholas, Writers at Work: Russian Production Novels and the Construction of Soviet Culture (Lewisburg: Buckness University Press, 2010); Andreas Guski, Literatur und Arbeit: Produktionsskizze und Produktionsroman im Russland des 1.F?nfjahrplans (19281932) (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1995).




65


.,    (M.: , 1960), .425.




66


., , !,  , . 2 (.:  , 1983), .302; .,   (.:  , 1935), .9; .,  (M.:  , 1968), .9798.


