   .     
 


   ,       ,                       .             .       ,       ,        .                      .





          .



 

     .





 

   .     



  

   , . . 

  

 . 

  . 

  . 

 . , . 

  . 

    . 



Peter Cozzens, 2016

This translation published by arrangement with Alfred A. Knopf, an imprint of Th e Knopf Doubleday Group, a division of Penguin Random House, LLC.

   , , .   -, 2022


* * *







  .           () .  ,  ,   ,  ,   ,          .  ,   ,     ,  ,          ,      ,   ,       .

,      ,  ,   ,        () ,        ,    .


 




     ,     .  ,     ,      .    ,               .

       , 1868.[1 - 40


 Cong., Report of the Indian Peace Commissioners, 28.]



 ,          ,  ,   .   ,     ,        .         .

 ,  [2 - DeMallie, Sixth Grandfather, 106.]



      .  ,   ,  , ,           ,     ,         .

 ,   [3 - Britton Davis, Truth About Geronimo, 167.]




 


1.  , 1866.

2. 

3. 

4.

5.  , 18661868.

6. , 18681869.

7.  , 18721873.

8.  -, 18741875.

9.    . , 18721873.

10.  .    -, 18731874.

11. -, - 1876.

12.  -, 25 1876.

13.   ,  1876  1877.

14.,  1876  1879.

15.  -, 1877.

16.  , 1879.

17.-, 18831886.

18.    ,   1890.

19.-, 29 1890.















































   


  1863.       :  25     ,      -     컠   .              ,  The NewYork Times.     : , ,   ,          .             . ,   !   .    ,       .     ,   ![4 - The NewYork Times, April 11, 1863.]

     :         ,    ,     ,         .      ,      .      -[5 - - (. PowWow)   ,  ,    .    . . . .]       .   ,    ,  ,       -       . 18,      ,         -    [6 - The NewYork Times, April 8 and 11, 1863; Hoig, Peace Chiefs, 74.].

      [7 -       .       ,   (-, ,   .),     ,     ,       -    . . . .]     .      ,   ,           .  1863.                 .     . ,       -,    .     (      )     ,    [8 -     ( , Bureau of Indian Affairs)   .   1824.   ,  1849.      . . .]             .          ,    .

 26 1863.,     - ,         ,            .     ,   ,    ,   ,       ,       ,       [9 - Washington Evening Star, March 27, 1863.].

     ,           ,     .     .       , ,  ,   ,      ,         .   ,    .      ,    ,  ,     .   ,                 ,    .          ,      ,           .

       .      ,     ,    ,  .           ,            .      ,     ,     .     ,     젖   ⠖   ,         [10 - Washington Daily Intelligencer, March 27, 1863.].

  .  ,    ,     ,       ,     ,    ,  ,      ,     .               ,      ꠖ   ,     .

   ,  :       ,   ,         ,  ,         .   ,  ,                   ,       . ,  ,           ,   .  ,         ,     .         ,     ,      .    ,      [11 - Basler, Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 6:15153; Washington Daily Intelligencer, March 27, 1863: Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:244.].

           . , ,       ,     ,                .        -.   ,  30 1863.      ,        [12 - The NewYork Times, April 7, 13, and 17, 1863.].








           :             ,         .      ,        ,         ,        .  -   ,     ,            .    , ,       ,        .         ,       ,   ,    ,    .    1864.             .

                    -  ,       .    ,       .    ,        ,     ,    -,   .     .

   16 1864.                 5  -.          ,    ,        .          ,    .    ,        .         ,            .    ,   ࠖ       .    䠖 84       .      400   [13 - Berthrong, Southern Cheyennes, 16886; Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:257, 263; Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 4750.].

   ,      . ,   ,    . -       .          .           .  -   .      , ,    .         -,   .

        ,   .         .   , ,    ,      .      :    [14 - Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:26364; Grinnell, Fighting Cheyennes, 145; Hoig, Peace Chiefs, 7576; War of the Rebellion: Official Records, vol. 34, pt. 1, 931.].








        ,      .   ,  .    ,        .     ,     :       ,               .     .       .  .       .     ,        ,          ,  . ,     ,  [15 - Bannock Troubles, 756.].

 ,       ,      ,    ,        ,      .

         ,       .           ,              ,        ,   ,    ,     .

        - ( ),    ,      ,       ,  .      ,    ࠖ   ,       .

 1970.     .     ,     .  ,           - (Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee)             ,     .         XIX.        . (               .         ,      .      ,        ,        .)

    -       ,     . ,           ,        ,    .     ,           ,    :   ,  .        . ,    (   ,   ),          ,         .          ,  ,    .

             ;          ,         ,        .   蠖       .       ,      -[16 -  (frontier ) ,    ,          . . .]  1891.       ,  ,   ,    .

       ,            -.            ,       ,      ,   ,    .

   ,   ,          ,        .            ,      .   ,         ,        ,   .      ,      ,     :     ,   .

    ,      .   ,   ()  ,       ,          .    ,           ,     ࠖ  .

                 .          ,    ,      ,  ,      .

     ,       ,          .          ,       ,          ,     .             ,         .  :     ,      .    [17 - . : Powers, Killing of Crazy Horse, 36.].   ,   ,       ,      .




 





 1

  


  ,    ,     .      ,        (  )  ,     ,     ,          ,     .         .      -   .      ,  -  ,       ࠖ  ,      ,  ,    .

       .        ,      ,           ,        .                  ,    .           ,   1790.        ,         (Indian Nonintercourse Act).                  .

   ,        .       ,      ,    ,    ,     ,     .    ,           .   ,           ,   -       .     ,               ,     젖      .

           .  ,            .  1817.       ,      ,       ,    .    1830- .,      ,   .      1830.      ,      -    .            ,         , , ,   ⠖       .      ,  ,    ,       .     ,   ,       ,        蠖          [18 - Prucha, American Indian Treaties, 18, 21, 22, 65, 72, 100101.].

         ,  ,           .     (),                   ,        ,    ,      ,      .

     -   .              .  ,             ,       ,       ,    ,  .              , ,        .  : 18171842.      -      ,           .








 275000 ,         ,   ,    [19 -             .           75000 .    25000,  ,   (   -), 150000 ,   ,      ,   ,    25000. Utley, Indian Frontier, 4.].            :     ,   .      ,     ,               .

       1841.        ,    黠    .    ,        .       .             ,        .

  1845.   ,                .   1848.  -      -,      ,    -,          -  .              . ,            .           ,    - (         ).   1848.  -     .        ,       .        ,      .          ,              - .

      ,  ,      ,    . ,  ,               ,    ,                [20 - 31


 Cong., Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1849), 7.].

      .         ,      ,     .          :        .   ,            .      ,       ,  ,     ,    ,       .

     .    -           .           ,    .      :    ,         ,            .      ,     ,     .  ,      ,      .     ,    ,   .

       :     ,  .       ,         .         ,    .    ,     ,  .    ,          ,         .

      .      .    ,          ,        , ,       [21 - ?蠖     ,  ,    ,            . . . .] ().       ,    .        ,        .

  ,         ,           : ,   .       XVI. .            ,     ,     ( )        .  1630.     ,  1750.             . ,       ,        .  ,       ,      ,   . ,        ,    .     ,     .       ,    ,     .    ,    ,      1849.      [22 - Koster, Smallpox in the Blankets, 36; Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:9397.].

       ,           ,    ,   .         ,     .   1843.,     ,    ,    XVII.,   .  ,   ,         .  ,    ,         젖                . ,        ,      .

   ,       ,  [23 -  ( . . Sioux,  )   ,   .        ( . Crows ),  (), ,  (),  ()  .     ( )       (  ):  (, , , ), ,    ().       : , , - ( ), ,  (), ,  - (    ,      7),   ,  - ( ). . . .],       .   ,      :  ,    , ,     ,  ,      .      ,         ,       . ,   ,     (, , , -, , -  -),        .        ,    ,   .

   XIX.        ,              ,   ,    .            ,          .      ,      .           ,        - ( ).  ,    .      :   ,         .    1840- .,     ,          ,   ,        .      .

     ⠖ ,    ,   蠖   ,     ,         ,       [24 -  ( . Pawnee,  ?)  ,        .     .    ࠖ   .           ,  : ,   (), ,   . . . .],       .      ,   ,    ,        ,   頖          .             ,            ,      .          [25 - Hassrick, Sioux, 37, 6567; Berthrong, Fighting Cheyennes, 1518; 39


 Cong., Condition of the Indian Tribes, app., 12; Ewers, Intertribal Warfare, 397, 406; Richard White, Winning of the West, 33637.].

        .    - [26 -     ,       頖   .,       .       - - (,   .). . . .]   ,    ,     ,      .           ,      ,          .       ,                .       ,      ,       ,        .                       .

    ,    ,            1840.,      ,   ,      [27 - Gwynne, Empire of the Summer Moon, 32, 35, 45, 49, 57, 59; Berthrong, Southern Cheyennes, 1726; Mayhall, Kiowas, 17072.].








   (   ) ,      ,         1849.,  .     ,   ,    ,  ,    ,    . ,        :    ,     ,      :         ,                 .  ,      ,  .          ,      ,         .      ,   ,      .      ,  ,   ,     ,   .  젖              ,       ,   (   )      .

 1851.    - 10000        .     ,       -.  ,      ,    ,   ,           .          -堖    .           .            ,    ,           (       )    ,   .           (       ,  )          (       ).

    ,     ,      .    ,   ,  ,   .    ,    ,    ,        .      .             ,    ,         ,     , ..  ,    .       ,            ,    .       .    ,     ,   . -     ,      ,    ,     ,  ,      [28 - Prucha, American Indian Treaties, 239; 33


 Cong., Annual Report of the Office of Indian Affairs (1853), 36870; Utley, Indian Frontier, 61.].

            ,     .       -          .      1854.   .   ,    -    ,      ,       ,        .     ,    .      ,  ,         ,     .     , ,        ,  ,    29   .

       , ,     .       .          ,    ,  -    .   ,   ,      ,     ,     .        .       ,   1856-,       -   ,            .        ,         .      -,       ,          蠖 ,    ,     . ,     ,      ,        .

         .      ,           .      .       ,     ,       [29 - Utley, Frontiersmen in Blue, 11820; Hyde, Spotted Tails Folk, 9293.].

        ,  ,     ,          .       1857.          .      ,     , ,    ,    .

       ,   .                ,         .           ,     ,      -,         .   1861.     ,        ,    -,             - .     ,     ,      .          .     ,       .

            .      ,      .         .  ,       ,            .              蠖       .

       .    1861.                     -.  1858.   ,    ,   .     ,         -.      ,     .     ,          ,     .         -.       ,      ,     [30 - Berthrong, Southern Cheyennes, 1012; Utley, Indian Frontier, 5355.].

              .     ,          ,     .  ,   . ,   , ,     ,  ,           .  ,        ,   ,   ,   .








  1850-     -.  ,       -,     ,  頖    [31 -              (       ).      (), , ,   (  -),    .           (.).   ,      ()    -,       蠖  . . . .].      ,        ,     蠖   [32 -            .         ,      ,    -, , -,    ,          .  ,  ,    :  ,  ,     -  - ;  ,  ,               -;  ,  ,        -   -.  ,    , ,     .          .     ,     ,  ,    -,  -.       6000. Cozzens, Struggle for Apacheria, xvi xvii.].            ,     .

 1820- .,      ,    -         ,       .      ,      ,        .     ,    , ,           1853.,       ,   .      ,    : -    ,          ?   ,      ,      .

  1860.        -      ( -).         -,     ,      .       ( ) ,         - .     ,       - ,   .   1861.       ,         .   -    .        ,     ,     .  堖      .

 1861.      .   ,       . , ,    ,     ,       蠖         .

   ,   ,           ,         .     ࠖ      . 15000 ,    (  3 ,         ),      .     :       .    :         ,            .

    ,       .  1862.     ,     1 1863.     ,      (    ,   ),     160  ( 65)         ,          ,    ,       .     ,         ,   ,      .        .

     18611864.   : , , , ,    (   ).       -,       .              ,           .     ,        ,     .

     ,      ,     ꠖ             .   1862.                 頖         .      ,                .       . ,   ,       - .

  ,   ,    -    -. ,    ,     ,    ,      ,       -.      -,        ,     -,      [33 - Cremony, Life Among the Apaches, 17273; Sweeney, Cochise, 14245; Utley, Frontiersmen in Blue, 23947.].








     -     ,        ,   1863.      .      ,            ,         .            ,    . ,   , ,      . 17 1862.  ,    ,   .    ,           . ,      ,     ,       ,            .   1863  1864.       .          ,      .

          .  ,              ,   .    (            )      ,   .           ,           .          .       ,     ,      ,   .   ,                       .      ,            .    1864.      -⠖   [34 -   - (. Dog-Soldiers)      ,        () . . . .],          .

         ꠖ 3-  頖   ,   ,   .  ,     ,    .         ,       ,    .     ,       ,      .   29           -.      ,      ,     .      ,   .        .  ,       ,     ,       .  ,  ,    . []    ,    ,        .    ,     ,  -  .           ,         .              [35 - Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 7490; Grinnell, Fighting Cheyennes, 14562, 15159; 39


 Cong., Condition of the Indian Tribes, app., 81.    3-        ,       .       - .     ,   ,   , ,          ,        ,     . Utley, Frontiersmen in Blue, 297.].

       ,    -,   ,           .             ,   ,       젖       .  堖  1865.            .      ,  -,              , ,   ,   .       , -    ,     -栖  ,  -    .         .    ,    ,  ,     .

       .        堖   ,   ,    .     -, ,    -  .                   1865.,             ,         .    ,       .    ,       ,    ,            .

 ,      .       1865. -     ,    , .     ࠖ   頖       .    -        .                       .      .             .   1865.         -,    .   ,                 .        .    [36 - Cozzens, General John Pope, 25267; 39


 Cong., Suppression of Indian Hostilities, 1.].








              .      1865.,          ,       . ,      ,   .         ,   ,        ,   ,      .               .

               1865.      -.     ,     ,          ,    - ,         .          .

     .        ,         .  ,     ,    .    -,    ,      [37 - 39


 Cong., Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 7012, 704; Prucha, American Indian Treaties, 271.].

      .    1865.       -  . -,        ,          , ,       ,   [] .    ,          .        -      ,        .   -    蠖    1856.    -  .           ,   ,              ,      .

    .   ,     ,          ,   ,  ,     .    ,      ,         ,   .      ,    ,       .    -,      :  ,      [38 -   , 16 1865.,  Marszalek, Sherman, 378;   , 31 1866.,  39


 Cong., Protection Across the Continent, 1011; Addresses to the Graduating Class, 3637.].

 ,   1866.        .     [39 -  (Union,   , )  24 ,      18611865.    (, ). . .] ,         .       ,   ,        12000  ,     ,    .     ,                ,   .       ,       ,     .

 ,  1866.     :           . ,     ,  .         6000 .      ,    ,   .   ,      .         ,  .         (,    ,   ,   ).   ,    ,        ,     .         .           .

         ,     ,   .          .   1866.         - (    ,     ,    ,    -).          ,       ,     .     :         ,         ,             ,   ,  -  ,       ,              腻[40 - Athearn, Sherman and the Settlement of the West, 29, 37;  , 17  31 1866.,  40


 Cong., Protection Across the Continent, 14, 6, 10; 39


 Cong., Military Posts, 3; Crawford, Kansas in the Sixties, 22627.]

 -                        .




 2

  


     堖 ,    .    ࠖ     ,            .      ,        ,  1825.      ,     蠖  .        .   ,         .

               ,            .    ,        .     . 1850.     ,                 -     [41 - Larson, Red Cloud, 3473; Paul, Autobiography of Red Cloud, 6869.].

 18611862.                         .     -    ,    240     -     ,     .        ,             ࠖ  .          ,       ,        -    .

 , - ,         ,   1862.  -     .                 ,    ,    .         ,   18651866.       .

   1866.     :      [42 -         . . .]? ,    , ,      , ,      ,         --  -.  ,        ,      - ,                [43 - 40


 Cong., Indian Hostilities, 62; Olson, Red Cloud and the Sioux Problem, 3233.].

     ,        1866.     -,         .          ,      .      ,     .    ,      .     ,        ,   .  ,   ,          .

  13,   -  2-  18-       .             .  ,     ,       ,          ,     -   ,     .    ,    .       ,     ,   ,        ,  ,      .         ,     ,        .        ,     ,        .   1866.       [44 -     (United States Department of the Interior)       ,     .  1849.       . . .],           ,    [45 - McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:53; Olson, Red Cloud and the Sioux Problem, 3439; Frances C. Carrington, My Army Life, 29192.].



       .              .            :    (165)            ,         .                 ,             .     ,          .       ,  ,     226       ,      ,  ,     [46 - Margaret I. Carrington, Absaraka, 3940, 90; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:48, 69, 72.].

15      --蠖           -. ,            .            .         .       .  3           --.   ,         ,      9     ,       .       ,     ,      ,               .    . 16      ,          .      ,      ,       -, ,    .

        ,     ࠖ        ,        .          ,        .       --  .            .     - ,    -    ,       . ,   ,     .  ,      ,     .     ,     ,      .        ,     :  ,   --      ,   .          -   9            蠖   150       . ,   ,   ,       ,           .

         ,  ,     .  ,        ,       .         ,    ,           ,         ,      .       :              ,  , -     .       .  1 1866.        ()      .    [47 - Murphy, Forgotten Battalion, 4:6567; Margaret I. Carrington, Absaraka, 101110; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:47, 88, 99100, 11617, 13638, 184; 50


 Cong., Indian Operations, 10; Bridger, Indian Affairs; 40


 Cong., Indian Hostilities, 63; Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:443.].








 31   --.          ,     .     ,   1200-  2,5-    ,   ,      .       ,    ,    , ,       .

  ,      ,           .  .      ,  ,    .      308     ,                .    ,   .    .        ,  ,  ,     ,       .    ,     (   )     ,  ꠖ     [48 - Murray, Hazen Inspections, 28; 39


 Cong., Fort Phil Kearney [sic] Massacre, 8; Murphy, Forgotten Battalion, 4:73;   , 26 1866., Graff Collection, Newberry Library; Margaret I. Carrington, Absaraka, 198; Frances C. Carrington, My Army Life, 119.].

      ,                  .    堖       -⠖            .   ,      .              --.           .   6  , ,      (   )   ,    .       ,          .

      .     5,       .        ,    ,   ,  ,       .    ,           .  ,        ,      .   ,     ,       . ,         ,     .      [49 - McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:18497; Monnett, Where a Hundred Soldiers Were Killed, 118.].



     ,      ,  ,         .           ,          .

 6       ,        .       ,      ,     . ,     ,    --   ,       ,   -.       [50 - Larson, Red Cloud, 99; Vestal, Warpath, 54; Stands in Timber and Liberty, Cheyenne Memories, 103.].








 21    .    ,       . ,                 ,     .          .     --  .     [51 - McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:20824; Monnett, Where a Hundred Soldiers Were Killed, 12334, 28081n; Frances C. Carrington, My Army Life, 144; Army and Navy Journal, March 9, 1867.].

 11       49 .        ,     .     -:  , ,  !            ,       .     ,                   .       ,      ,  27 ,     ,          .








     --,    .        ,       ,     ,        .      ,      --,  ,  8,5    --,         ,      ,    .  ,   ,   .   ,    ,             .          -,                    .       ,   ,      . ,      ,            .           .                .  ,      ,   ,        ,    .    ,        ,     ,      ,      .

      , ,   , .       ,    .      ,     .       ,  ,  [52 -  ( . coup )  ,    .            .  .  3. . .],  ,    .         .  ,  ,     ,     .

      .     ,    ,        .   ,  , ,     ,    .     ,    ,    ,   ,    ,  ,    .     ,   .      ,      ,   .    , - : !   ,  .    !        [53 - Belish, American Horse, 5657; Jensen, Voices of the American West, 1:28081;   ꠖ  , 30 1867., -  Cleveland Plain Dealer, Feb. 5, 1867; Stands in Timber and Liberty, Cheyenne Memories, 1034; Vestal, Warpath, 60, 6465; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:207n, 22324.].

    젖       .             81    .         ,        ,  .        .      165 .    ,    ,   . -    ,   ,  .  ,     ,   .

21   ,       .        ,   ,      ,    ,    .        .

 ,    , , ,      ,    ,    .          .     ,      [54 -        .       ,        ,        .     ,              . . .],       [55 - ꠖ  , 30 1867.; 39


 Cong., Fort Phil Kearney sic] Massacre, 10; Murphy, Forgotten Battalion, 4:7172; Guthrie, Detail of the Fetterman Massacre, 8; Vestal, Warpath, 68.     ,    .].








       .     ,   ,  ,    ,  :       ,  ,    ,   .            .

         ,   ,       -.   1867.         .         ,  , ,     ,   ,                 .        ,  ,    ,   -,             ,             ,        -.     ,      ,            .

        ,        .   1867.        ,  ,      ,    .         .

     ,    .     ,    , ,         ,     .   1867.  500  800    -,            --.

  ,           .      -   ,    ,       .       , - ,     -,    .   ,          -,              . --  :    ,              . - --     [56 - 39


 Cong., Indian Hostilities, 27; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 2:317, 403; Larson, Red Cloud, 111.].








      .     (    ),   -  .   4     ,    ,      ,     .  31    ,            .          ,  .      ,   22          .        렖  .       ,      .  ,  ,     ,      ,    .   ꠖ      .    ,    :  ,    .  ,    .               .            ,     ,       . ,    ,      ,     .      ,     .   ,                  .         ,  ,                 .

   .   ,             .        .      .             .

        .       .    ,     ,        -     [57 - McDermott, Red Clouds War, 2:38182, 391401; Greene, Hayfield Fight, 40; David, Finn Burnett, 16667; J. B. 砖  , 3 1867., George M. Templeton Papers.].

  150          --      ,     .     ࠖ  .             ,      ,   .    2  ,    ,    ,     .         .  ,    26    ,       ,       頖  ,   -    .     - : ,  !  ,    !    ,  ,   .      ,             ,    .

      -            .      .       ,        ,   .   䠖 ,         -,      ,  .    , -          , ,        .  ,       ,  .  ,    ,    ,       .   ,      .      ,  .

             ,        .  ,     ,  ,       ,     .          ,  ,   -  ,      .     ,  ,      .      .     ࠖ    ,  -         ,     ,  ,  .     ,     ,    .    ,   :      !    ,    .

    , :    ,       .           .         .      .    ,      .        .          . -      :       .      .

             ,       .  -     ,   -     .   ,       :      ,     [58 - Vestal, Warpath, 7173, 76; Gibson, Wagon Box Fight, 2:5254, 6367; Littman, Wagon Box Fight, 2:76, 7980; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 2:436.].








 -         .     蠖    ,      5 1867.        ,         ,    ,          ,      . ,    ,    [59 -  ࠖ                 (18651877). . .]  ,        ,    .  ,          ,        .   ,     ,      ,      .           .    1868.                ,         [60 - 蠖  , 5 1867., Bradley Papers, U. S. Army Military History Institute; Grenville M. Dodge, How We Built the Union Pacific, 2829.].

         -  . (            -,           .)       - (     - 1851.)    ?   .   ,   ,      ,      :      ,      .                      .     ,        ,        ,  , .  ,       - (..     )      - ,        . ,   - 1868.   ,       -           .     ,   (  , ),      .          -     -  .         ,              .     ,   ,  .     ,       ,   .

4,   -        ,     -     125     ,    .         .        ,      .     ,         . ,       ,   ,   -        ,  ,        .        .           ,     ,    ,     . ,          ,       ,     .

       ,    ,  .  ,         -,    ,     -.    ,       .    , ,  ,       ,    [61 - Olson, Red Cloud and the Sioux Problem, 7282, 34149.].

   .        ,   .




 3

  


       ,    ,        ,       .       ,   .        ,   .   ,           ,   ,        .

,              .           .      ,         .         ( , , ,     ,   ,        ),                 .   ,      ,      .  56        ,      ,    ,   .   710           ,   .              ,    ,    ,         [62 - Richard I. Dodge, Our Wild Indians, 42627.].

 1415      㠖         .  18      ,       ,  20    ,        ,   25   .       ,    ,   , , ,     ,         . (    68.)        3540젖       . (     ,     ,       .)               .   ,    ,   ,          ,       (  ),        .            ,     .            .     ,             ,   ,      [63 - Mails, Mystic Warriors, 520; Grinnell, Story of the Indian, 111.].

     ,      .        ,  ,     ,    .           ,           ,    .           ,      .          ,     .  ,     , ,    .          ,    ,    .            .       ,       ,    ,   .       -        .

     ,        .      ,     ,  ,   .    ,         .       ,     510   ,     .          , ,  .    ,           ,           .      ,      .    ,    ,          .

          ,     ,  .          ⠖  ,   , , ,  ,         .

       ,        .      :         .             ,    ,      ,  . (  ,   ,   ,  .)       , ,  -   ,           . ,        ,      ,      [64 - Grinnell, Coup and Scalp, 296307; Marian W. Smith, War Complex, 452; Linderman, Plenty-Coups, 1068; Mails, Mystic Warriors, 4344; Nabokov, Two Leggings, 49.].

      .               .  , ,            ,   ,      ,      .         ,          .             ,    , ,      .       ,     .    ,   ,  ,     .  ,     ,          ,   .     ,    ,       ,          .                   ⠖      .      ,    .

        ,    .     ,     ꠖ   ꠖ    ,      ,   .   ,     ꠖ  ,   ,   ,       .    ,   ,    .        ( ,  ,  ,  )         .       , ,             ,     . ,        ,       .                  .  ,    ,   .           ,          -     [65 - Linderman, Plenty-Coups, 49, 1067.].

    ,       ,    ,       .      .             .      .             ,         .     (  )      ,       .

 ,        .   ,        :      ,    .              ,           .   ,     ,  ,        ,  .   ,       ,       .   ,   500 [66 - 457. . .],  .   -         .      ,       ,          .  ,        ,   .   ,              ,     ,      .       ,    ,      .        ,   .

        ,    , ,  ,       . ,     ,   ,      ,           ,       .                [67 - Parker, Old Army, 27376; Clark, Indian Sign Language, 7778; Richard I. Dodge, Our Wild Indians, 41620, 422; Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:120.].

           .       蠖    ,  ,        ,     ,      . ,   ,       ,         ,   ,  ,    .            ,      .         ,    .            ,  ,      .  , ,       ,    ,    ,       .   [68 - Marquis, Wooden Leg, 140; DeMallie, Sixth Grandfather, 107.].

 ,           ,  ,     ,              .        .    ,   ,   ,           ,     ,  , ,   , ,    ,          ,      ,   ,   ,           .

       .     ,      ,         ,       (    ).          ,    ,         ,     ,     .

         .      ,  ,       ,    .         , ,   ,  ,      .       ,        .  ,   蠖        .

     ,     .       ,     .             ,     .   ,      ,       , ,   ,      ,   ,        . ,  ,     ,         ,         (           ).            . -    ,   ,            :     ; ,      [69 - Richard I. Dodge, Our Wild Indians, 430; de Trobriand, Military Life, 62; Grinnell, Story of the Indian, 100108; Linderman, Plenty-Coups, 104.].

  ,   ,  ,          : -     ,  -         .    -.           ,         ,    .         ,     ,   ,      ,   .      ,     .

        :          . ,        . ,            .          ,          ,    .        䠖      .   1860- .          [70 - Richard I. Dodge, Our Wild Indians, 434; Stands in Timber and Liberty, Cheyenne Memories, 6061.].



           .        , ,         ,     .       ,    ,       ⠖    . ,  ,     -   .

    .      ,   1868.       :



      ,       ,   -  ,    ,     ,     .    ,    ,   頖     ,      .          .    ,     .


       ,    .       , ,     ,     ,       .    1866. 54000     1874.   25000.        ,      .           ,        ,        .

     .         ,  .       .   -  The Sun,         ,         , ,   .      ,    .      ,    ,    -  .       ,     ,            ,       ,     .   ,    ,        ,     ,    [71 - Rickey, Forty Miles a Day, 18, 2224; Army Abuses, 80; Sherman, We Do Our Duty, 85.].

    .  1870- .     10      ,       .        ,   ࠖ  ,          .   ,      ,         18  21,     .

            ⠖     ,    ,       .        .                ,           . , ,    -           ,         .      .          -, ,     .    ,          [72 - Rickey, Forty Miles a Day, 33942; Rideing, Life at a Frontier Post, 56465; Kurz, Reminiscences, 11; Causes of Desertion, 322; 45


 Cong., Reorganization of the Army, 122; Henry, Cavalry Life in Arizona, 8; Brackett, Our Cavalry, 384.].

  ,        .   1866.             -      . -           ,   .         ,         .  -  ,    ,   :   -    ,           .          .    ,    ,      [73 -  , 24 1866., 39


 Cong., Protection Across the Continent, 56, 9.].

       .         ,         .       ,   ,     ,  ,    ꠖ ..,    ,  ,  , ,   ,   . -             .       1880- .,           ,           .    .               ,       :    ,      ,      .

    ,   .      -     ,     .    ,          .   ,           .   ,       .     ,        ,           ,  -      .       ,           [74 - Rickey, Forty Miles a Day, 12224; Forbes, United States Army, 146;  蠖  , 7 1930., McWhorter Papers, Washington State Libraries.].

 1874.       .        仠       ,         .   1867.    ,         ,               .  1873.      45- ,                    ( ).          .  ,   , , ,    ,  :     ,    ,    .  ,   ,        ,       .

         ,      .       ,      ,    .       ,  ,   ,    ,         .    ,    .               .

    ,   ,          : ,    .  1877.,    ,    ,      ,     ,      ,  ,  ,      - .          ,          ,       .  ,                ,         .   .     , -       ,             [75 - Rickey, Forty Miles a Day, 11621, 131, 141, 159, 16869; Life in Arizona, 223; Forsyth, Story of the Soldier, 14041; Elizabeth B. Custer,  Where the Heart Is,  309.]




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notes








1


40


 Cong., Report of the Indian Peace Commissioners, 28.




2


DeMallie, Sixth Grandfather, 106.




3


Britton Davis, Truth About Geronimo, 167.




4


The NewYork Times, April 11, 1863.




5


- (. PowWow)   ,  ,    .    . . . .




6


The NewYork Times, April 8 and 11, 1863; Hoig, Peace Chiefs, 74.




7


      .       ,   (-, ,   .),     ,     ,       -    . . . .




8


    ( , Bureau of Indian Affairs)   .   1824.   ,  1849.      . . .




9


Washington Evening Star, March 27, 1863.




10


Washington Daily Intelligencer, March 27, 1863.




11


Basler, Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 6:15153; Washington Daily Intelligencer, March 27, 1863: Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:244.




12


The NewYork Times, April 7, 13, and 17, 1863.




13


Berthrong, Southern Cheyennes, 16886; Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:257, 263; Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 4750.




14


Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:26364; Grinnell, Fighting Cheyennes, 145; Hoig, Peace Chiefs, 7576; War of the Rebellion: Official Records, vol. 34, pt. 1, 931.




15


Bannock Troubles, 756.




16


 (frontier ) ,    ,          . . .




17


. : Powers, Killing of Crazy Horse, 36.




18


Prucha, American Indian Treaties, 18, 21, 22, 65, 72, 100101.




19


            .           75000 .    25000,  ,   (   -), 150000 ,   ,      ,   ,    25000. Utley, Indian Frontier, 4.




20


31


 Cong., Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1849), 7.




21


?蠖     ,  ,    ,            . . . .




22


Koster, Smallpox in the Blankets, 36; Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:9397.




23


 ( . . Sioux,  )   ,   .        ( . Crows ),  (), ,  (),  ()  .     ( )       (  ):  (, , , ), ,    ().       : , , - ( ), ,  (), ,  - (    ,      7),   ,  - ( ). . . .




24


 ( . Pawnee,  ?)  ,        .     .    ࠖ   .           ,  : ,   (), ,   . . . .




25


Hassrick, Sioux, 37, 6567; Berthrong, Fighting Cheyennes, 1518; 39


 Cong., Condition of the Indian Tribes, app., 12; Ewers, Intertribal Warfare, 397, 406; Richard White, Winning of the West, 33637.




26


    ,       頖   .,       .       - - (,   .). . . .




27


Gwynne, Empire of the Summer Moon, 32, 35, 45, 49, 57, 59; Berthrong, Southern Cheyennes, 1726; Mayhall, Kiowas, 17072.




28


Prucha, American Indian Treaties, 239; 33


 Cong., Annual Report of the Office of Indian Affairs (1853), 36870; Utley, Indian Frontier, 61.




29


Utley, Frontiersmen in Blue, 11820; Hyde, Spotted Tails Folk, 9293.




30


Berthrong, Southern Cheyennes, 1012; Utley, Indian Frontier, 5355.




31


             (       ).      (), , ,   (  -),    .           (.).   ,      ()    -,       蠖  . . . .




32


           .         ,      ,    -, , -,    ,          .  ,  ,    :  ,  ,     -  - ;  ,  ,               -;  ,  ,        -   -.  ,    , ,     .          .     ,     ,  ,    -,  -.       6000. Cozzens, Struggle for Apacheria, xvi xvii.




33


Cremony, Life Among the Apaches, 17273; Sweeney, Cochise, 14245; Utley, Frontiersmen in Blue, 23947.




34


  - (. Dog-Soldiers)      ,        () . . . .




35


Hoig, Sand Creek Massacre, 7490; Grinnell, Fighting Cheyennes, 14562, 15159; 39


 Cong., Condition of the Indian Tribes, app., 81.    3-        ,       .       - .     ,   ,   , ,          ,        ,     . Utley, Frontiersmen in Blue, 297.




36


Cozzens, General John Pope, 25267; 39


 Cong., Suppression of Indian Hostilities, 1.




37


39


 Cong., Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 7012, 704; Prucha, American Indian Treaties, 271.




38


  , 16 1865.,  Marszalek, Sherman, 378;   , 31 1866.,  39


 Cong., Protection Across the Continent, 1011; Addresses to the Graduating Class, 3637.




39


 (Union,   , )  24 ,      18611865.    (, ). . .




40


Athearn, Sherman and the Settlement of the West, 29, 37;  , 17  31 1866.,  40


 Cong., Protection Across the Continent, 14, 6, 10; 39


 Cong., Military Posts, 3; Crawford, Kansas in the Sixties, 22627.




41


Larson, Red Cloud, 3473; Paul, Autobiography of Red Cloud, 6869.




42


        . . .




43


40


 Cong., Indian Hostilities, 62; Olson, Red Cloud and the Sioux Problem, 3233.




44


    (United States Department of the Interior)       ,     .  1849.       . . .




45


McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:53; Olson, Red Cloud and the Sioux Problem, 3439; Frances C. Carrington, My Army Life, 29192.




46


Margaret I. Carrington, Absaraka, 3940, 90; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:48, 69, 72.




47


Murphy, Forgotten Battalion, 4:6567; Margaret I. Carrington, Absaraka, 101110; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:47, 88, 99100, 11617, 13638, 184; 50


 Cong., Indian Operations, 10; Bridger, Indian Affairs; 40


 Cong., Indian Hostilities, 63; Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:443.




48


Murray, Hazen Inspections, 28; 39


 Cong., Fort Phil Kearney [sic] Massacre, 8; Murphy, Forgotten Battalion, 4:73;   , 26 1866., Graff Collection, Newberry Library; Margaret I. Carrington, Absaraka, 198; Frances C. Carrington, My Army Life, 119.




49


McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:18497; Monnett, Where a Hundred Soldiers Were Killed, 118.




50


Larson, Red Cloud, 99; Vestal, Warpath, 54; Stands in Timber and Liberty, Cheyenne Memories, 103.




51


McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:20824; Monnett, Where a Hundred Soldiers Were Killed, 12334, 28081n; Frances C. Carrington, My Army Life, 144; Army and Navy Journal, March 9, 1867.




52


 ( . coup )  ,    .            .  .  3. . .




53


Belish, American Horse, 5657; Jensen, Voices of the American West, 1:28081;   ꠖ  , 30 1867., -  Cleveland Plain Dealer, Feb. 5, 1867; Stands in Timber and Liberty, Cheyenne Memories, 1034; Vestal, Warpath, 60, 6465; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 1:207n, 22324.




54


       .       ,        ,        .     ,              . . .




55


ꠖ  , 30 1867.; 39


 Cong., Fort Phil Kearney sic] Massacre, 10; Murphy, Forgotten Battalion, 4:7172; Guthrie, Detail of the Fetterman Massacre, 8; Vestal, Warpath, 68.     ,    .




56


39


 Cong., Indian Hostilities, 27; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 2:317, 403; Larson, Red Cloud, 111.




57


McDermott, Red Clouds War, 2:38182, 391401; Greene, Hayfield Fight, 40; David, Finn Burnett, 16667; J. B. 砖  , 3 1867., George M. Templeton Papers.




58


Vestal, Warpath, 7173, 76; Gibson, Wagon Box Fight, 2:5254, 6367; Littman, Wagon Box Fight, 2:76, 7980; McDermott, Red Clouds War, 2:436.




59


 ࠖ                 (18651877). . .




60


蠖  , 5 1867., Bradley Papers, U. S. Army Military History Institute; Grenville M. Dodge, How We Built the Union Pacific, 2829.




61


Olson, Red Cloud and the Sioux Problem, 7282, 34149.




62


Richard I. Dodge, Our Wild Indians, 42627.




63


Mails, Mystic Warriors, 520; Grinnell, Story of the Indian, 111.




64


Grinnell, Coup and Scalp, 296307; Marian W. Smith, War Complex, 452; Linderman, Plenty-Coups, 1068; Mails, Mystic Warriors, 4344; Nabokov, Two Leggings, 49.




65


Linderman, Plenty-Coups, 49, 1067.




66


457. . .




67


Parker, Old Army, 27376; Clark, Indian Sign Language, 7778; Richard I. Dodge, Our Wild Indians, 41620, 422; Powell, People of the Sacred Mountain, 1:120.




68


Marquis, Wooden Leg, 140; DeMallie, Sixth Grandfather, 107.




69


Richard I. Dodge, Our Wild Indians, 430; de Trobriand, Military Life, 62; Grinnell, Story of the Indian, 100108; Linderman, Plenty-Coups, 104.




70


Richard I. Dodge, Our Wild Indians, 434; Stands in Timber and Liberty, Cheyenne Memories, 6061.




71


Rickey, Forty Miles a Day, 18, 2224; Army Abuses, 80; Sherman, We Do Our Duty, 85.




72


Rickey, Forty Miles a Day, 33942; Rideing, Life at a Frontier Post, 56465; Kurz, Reminiscences, 11; Causes of Desertion, 322; 45


 Cong., Reorganization of the Army, 122; Henry, Cavalry Life in Arizona, 8; Brackett, Our Cavalry, 384.




73


 , 24 1866., 39


 Cong., Protection Across the Continent, 56, 9.




74


Rickey, Forty Miles a Day, 12224; Forbes, United States Army, 146;  蠖  , 7 1930., McWhorter Papers, Washington State Libraries.




75


Rickey, Forty Miles a Day, 11621, 131, 141, 159, 16869; Life in Arizona, 223; Forsyth, Story of the Soldier, 14041; Elizabeth B. Custer,  Where the Heart Is,  309.


