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,      ,   .    .       ,   2005     , ,   3%  2643 ,    15 ,     [10 - Liz Kelly, Jo Lovett and Linda Regan, A gap or a chasm?: Attrition in reported rape cases, Home Office Research Study 293 (2005): http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100418065544/homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hors293.pdf, p. 50.    ,    ,     , -         ?, Quartz (11 May 2017): https://qz.com/980766/the-truth-aboutfalserape-accusations/.  ,     .].   ,     ,           8%[11 - Kelly et al., A gap or a chasm?, p. 47.   ,       8%     ,       (ibid., p. xi).].  1996         8%    [12 - Federal Bureau of Investigations, Crime in the United States 1996, Section II: Crime Index Offenses Reported (1997): https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-theu.s/1996/96sec2.pdf, p. 24.].               .   ,        ,     ,           [13 - Bruce Gross, False Rape Allegations: An Assault on Justice, The Forensic Examiner, vol. 18, no. 1 (2009): 6670, p. 66; and Kelly et al., A gap or a chasm?.      ,      ,      (p. 48).         ,     ,   .].  2014 ,     ,   53%   2013   ,          .     ,        ,     ,         [14 - Joanna Jolly, Does India have a problem with false rape claims?, BBC News (8 February 2017): https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38796457],    ,   6%   [15 - Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) (20152016): https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR339/FR339. pdf, p. 568.].

        216   2643.      39 .  ,    ,       .  ,  ,         ,  ,   0,23%       ,    0,07%    .         [16 - Newman, What kind of person makes false rape accusations?].

      .  .  ,   ,    ,  ,   ,     -       . , ,      ,      ,    .   ,          ,       .       ?      :   (   )  ,     [17 -       12 000     16  59   ,      (Home Office and the Office for National Statistics, An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales (2013): https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/an-overview-of-sexual-offending-in-england-and-wales).       ,            (Christopher Glazek, Raise the Crime Rate, n+1 (Winter 2012): https://nplusonemag. com/issue-13/politics/raise-the-crime-rate/; and Jill Filipovic, Is the US the only country where more men are raped than women?, The Guardian (21 February 2012): https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamer-ica/2012/feb/21/us-more-men-raped-than-women).].  ,     ,     ,   ,       ?

      .     .      ,       .    ,    ,       :   ,       .  ,     ,    1989  2020  147           . (    755  (   )       [18 - The National Register of Exonerations, The National Registry of Exonerations: https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/about. aspx.     ,     .         .  ,          , : Jon B. Gould and Richard A. Leo, One Hundred Years Later: Wrongful Convictions After a Century of Research, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 100, no. 3 (2010): 825868.  ,               11,6%: Kelly Walsh, Jeanette Hussemann, Abigail Flynn, Jennifer Yahner and Laura Golian, Estimating the Prevalence of Wrongful Convictions, Office of Justice Programs National Criminal Justice Reference Service (2017): https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/251115.pdf].)        .   ?      :  ,        ,      ,       ,       .

     .     .  147 ,              1989   2020 , 85    62 .   85  76  ,   52%     .        14%   ,       27%[19 - The National Register of Exonerations.]. ,       ,    ,         [20 - Perpetrators of Sexual Violence: Statistics, RAINN: https://www.rainn.org/statistics/perpetrators-sexual-violence].    ,  ,  .  ,       ,  ,         [21 - Samuel R. Gross, Maurice Possley and Klara Stephens, Race and Wrongful Convictions in the United States, National Registry of Exonerations (2017): http://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/Race_and_Wrongful_Convictions.pdf, p. iii.].

   ,           1989 ,         ,     .  ,       , ,     ,       ,     [22 - Bernadette Rabuy and Daniel Kopf, Prisons of Poverty: Uncovering the pre-incarceration incomes of the imprisoned, Prison Policy Initiative (9 July 2015): https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/income.html].     150  ,   1892  1894      ,         (Red Record)[23 - .  Mia Bay, Introduction, in Ida B. Wells, The Light of Truth, ed. Mia Bay (Penguin Classics, 2014): xix-xxxi, p. xxv.].            .         ,  ,   23  1894   ,      .       , ,   ,          ,      .  2007    ,  52   ,        14-      . -          ,    [24 - Ida B. Wells, A Red Record. Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynchings in the United States, 1892-1893-1894 [1895], in Wells, The Light of Truth: 220312.].  ,    .     Look   $3000    .    ,          :   ,   ,    ,   [25 - Sheila Weller, How Author Timothy Tyson Found the Woman at the Center of the Emmett Till Case, Vanity Fair (26 January 2017): https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/01/how-author-timothy-tyson-found-the-woman-at-the-center-of-the-emmett-till-case].

   ,           .       .    -  (  ),      :       .  ,      : ,         ,     .                   [26 -        : Amirah Inglis, The White Womens Protection Ordinance: Sexual Anxiety and Politics in Papua (Chatto and Windus, 1975); Norman Etherington, Natals Black Rape Scare of the 1870s, Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 15, no. 1 (1988): 3653; John Pape, Black and White: The Perils of Sex in Colonial Zimbabwe, Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 16, no. 4 (1990): 699720; Vron Ware, Beyond the Pale: White Women, Racism and History (Verso, 1992); Jenny Sharpe, Allegories of Empire: The Figure of Woman in the Colonial Text (University of Minnesota Press, 1993); Alison Blunt, Embodying war: British women and domestic defilement in the Indian Mutiny, 18578, Journal of Historical Geography, vol. 26, no. 3 (2000): 403428; David M. Anderson, Sexual Threat and Settler Society: Black Perils in Kenya, c. 190730, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, vol. 38, no. 1 (2010): 4774; and David Sheen, Israel weaponizes rape culture against Palestinians, The Electronic Intifada (31 January 2017): https://electronicintifada.net/content/israel-weaponizes-rape-culture-against-palestinians/19386].            ,        ,   .      ,      :   ,     ,     ,      ,        .      ,             [27 -            ,   (Gross et al., Race and Wrongful Convictions, p. 4).     20% .  ,         (Joe Palazzolo, Racial Gap in Mens Sentencing, The Wall Street Journal (14 February 2013): https://www. wsj.com/articles/SB1000142412788732443200457830446378985 8002).          ,      (Kimberl Williams Crenshaw, Priscilla Ocen and Jyoti Nanda, Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, African American Policy Forum (2015): https://www.atlanticphilanthropies. org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/BlackGirlsMatter_Report.pdf, p. 6).           ,  ,         (ibid., p. 16).  -,    27% , 53,4%    55,7%  ,  ,  (Kimberl Williams Crenshaw, Andrea J. Ritchie, Rachel Anspach, Rachel Gilmer and Luke Harris, Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women, African American Policy Forum (2015): https:// www.aapf.org/sayhername, p. 5).  ,       2,5  ,    ,      1,4   (Frank Edwards, Hedwig Lee and Michael Esposito, Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race  ethnicity, and sex, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 116, no. 34 (2019): 1679316798).].

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 17  18     .                  ,  ,  ,  .     ,    .             .       ,           .     ,   ,   .        .      ,      .   20    20-   [28 -   ,    , : Jemele Hill, What the Black Men Who Identify With Brett Kavanaugh Are Missing, The Atlantic (12 October 2018): https://www. theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/why-black-men-relate-brett-kava-naugh/572776/].


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                .   ,      . ,   ,      [29 - Dan A. Turner, Letter from Brock Turners Father (2016),   : https://www.stanforddaily.com/2016/06/08/the-full-letter-read-by-brock-turners-father-at-his-sentencing-hearing/].  1982          -       ,         (-       ).        :  -,  , ,    .   , , -, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,     ,   ,  ,  ,     ,  ,   . 65 ,      ,     ,    .   ,    ,       .

,  ,       .    ,            (  ,    ).         ,   (  )      ,    . ,          [sic]     ,   65   ,       ,           .      ,         ,     ,  ,      .       ,     .  Times  ,   ,   .  ,    17- ,   ,  . ,        [30 - Brett Kavanaughs Opening Statement: Full Transcript, The New York Times (26 September 2018): https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/26/us/poli-tics/read-brett-kavanaughs-complete-opening-statement.html].   ,  , ,     ,  ,  -   .  ,    , , ,  - [31 - Kate Kelly and David Enrich, Kavanaughs Yearbook Page Is Horrible, Hurtful to a Woman It Named, The New York Times (24 September 2018): https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/24/business/brett-kavanaugh-year-book-renate.html].



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            #IBelieveHer[32 - Mollie Hemingway and Carrie Severino, Christine Blasey Fords Father Supported Brett Kavanaughs Confirmation, The Federalist (12 September 2019): https://thefederalist.com/2019/09/12/christine-blasey-fords-fa-ther-supported-brett-kavanaughs-confirmation/]   ,  .     ,  ,   ,   ,  ,    ?     ?

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      .      .        ,    ,        ,   .     : , , ,  ,       ,      .   ,      -,  20132014    4,2%   ;          [34 - , : JoAnn Wypijewski, What We Dont Talk About When We Talk About #MeToo, The Nation (22 February 2018): https:// www.thenation.com/article/archive/what-we-dont-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-metoo/].       ?

         .         (The Dialectic of Sex)         [35 - Emily Yoffe, The Uncomfortable Truth about Campus Rape Policy, The Atlantic (6 September 2017): https://www.theatlantic.com/educa-tion/archive/2017/09/the-uncomfortable-truth-about-campus-rape-poli-cy/538974/].               ,    ,   .   ,     1981     , , ,        .  :



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 16  2012    23-     ,      (),       ,  .  13      , ,           .            .      ,  .   ,     .

  ,   ,       ,    ,   . ,      ,     .   , ,  ,  ,            ,               .           ,            .        ,  ,    []   [37 - Angela Y. Davis, Women, Race & Class (Penguin Modern Classics, 2019 [1981]), p. 163.  :  . , , . .: . 1987.].  : ,    ,   ,     ?  :     ,    ?



,              [38 - Libby Purves, Indian women need a cultural earthquake, The Times (31 December 2012): https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/indian-wom-en-need-a-cultural-earthquake-mtgbgxd3mvd].      .  1850     ,   , 18-         ,   ,    ,  .             ,    .  ,     ,       ,      .      ,   [39 -            : Andrea Smith, Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide (South End Press, 2005); Jacki Thompson Rand, Kiowa Humanity and the Invasion of the State (University of Nebraska Press, 2008); and Maya Seshia, Naming Systemic Violence in Winnipegs Street Sex Trade, Canadian Journal of Urban Research, vol. 19, no. 1 (2010): 117.        : Pumla Dineo Gqola, Rape: A South African Nightmare (MF Books Joburg, 2015); and Rebecca Helman, Mapping the unrapeability of white and black womxn, Agenda: Empowering women for gender equality, vol. 32, no. 4 (2018): 1021.  : Ann McGrath, Black Velvet: Aboriginal women and their relations with white men in the Northern Territory 191040, in So Much Hard Work: Women and Prostitution in Australian History, ed. Kay Daniels (Fontana Books, 1984): 233297; Greta Bird and Pat OMalley, Kooris, Internal Colonialism, and Social Justice, Social Justice, vol. 16, no. 3 (1989): 3550; Larissa Behrendt, Consent in a (Neo)Colonial Society: Aboriginal Women as Sexual and Legal Other, Australian Feminist Studies, vol. 15, no. 33 (2000): 353367; and Corrinne Tayce Sullivan, Indigenous Australian womens colonial sexual intimacies: positioning indigenous womens agency, Culture, Health & Sexuality, vol. 20, no. 4 (2018): 397410.       :                ,   ,          (Pamela Scully, Rape, Race, and Colonial Culture: The Sexual Politics of Identity in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony, South Africa, The American Historical Review, vol. 100, no. 2 (1995): 335359, p. 337).].  1859            .  ,         [ ]     .        [40 - Scully, Rape, Race, and Colonial Culture, pp. 335ff.].  1918     ,    ,  ,     .      ,  ,    [41 - Carolyn M. West and Kalimah Johnson, Sexual Violence in the Lives of African American Women, National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women (2013): https://vawnet.org/sites/default/files/materials/ files/2016-09/AR_SVAAWomenRevised.pdf, p. 2.].              ,         .    ,           [42 - Joanna Bourke, Rape: A History from 1860 to the Present Day (Virago, 2007), p. 77.].  2008   ,   R&B,            14- .         (Surviving R.Kelly)   ,  ,   :         ,   ,   .   .     [43 - Rebecca Epstein, Jamilia J. Blake and Thalia Gonzlez, Girlhood Interrupted: The Erasure of Black Girls Childhood, Georgetown Center on Poverty and Inequality (2017): https://ssrn.com/abstract=3000695].

  ,                  [44 - Kimberl Williams Crenshaw, I Believe I Can Lie, The Baffler (17 January 2019): https://thebaffler.com/latest/i-believe-i-can-lie-crenshaw].     ,            ,  ,    ,           .         ,       ,        .        ,        ,     ,     [45 -  ,  , 41,2%              ,    30,5%   .     51,7%,    29,7% (Matthew J. Breiding, Sharon G. Smith, Kathleen C. Basile, Mikel L. Walters, Jieru Chen and Melissa T. Merrick, Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization  National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011, Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 63, no. 8 (2014): https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ ss6308a1.htm, table 7).       ,    (Emiko Petrosky, Janet M. Blair, Carter J. Betz, Katherine A. Fowler, Shane P.D. Jack and Bridget H. Lyons, Racial and Ethnic Differences in Homicides of Adult Women and the Role of Intimate Partner Violence  United States, 20032014, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 66, no. 28 (2017): 741746, p. 742).].             :             [46 - Beth E. Richie, Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and Americas Prison Nation (NYU Press, 2012).]. ,  ,        ?[47 - Shatema Threadcraft, North American Necropolitics and Gender: On #BlackLivesMatter and Black Femicide, South Atlantic Quarterly, vol. 116, no. 3 (2017): 553579, p. 574.]

         .    ,    (        ),                  ,       .       .         ,      ,       .         ,      .         2018     ,         ,       [48 - Ibid., p. 566.].     ,     .     Chance the Rapper,    , ,     ,     [49 - Joe Coscarelli, R. Kelly Faces a #MeToo Reckoning as Times Up Backs a Protest, The New York Times (1 May 2018): https://www.nytimes. com/2018/05/01/arts/music/r-kelly-timesup-metoo-muterkelly.html].

  2019            -   .        ,        ,      [50 - Chance the Rapper Apologizes for Working With R. Kelly, NBC Chicago (8 January 2019): https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Chance-the-Rapper-Apologizes-for-Working-With-R-Kelly-504063131.html].  ,     ,    ,    2004              .      ,      2000 ,     .     ,        ,              :



          ,       ,            ,       .      .


           [51 - Alan Blinder, Was That Ralph Northam in Blackface? An Inquiry Ends Without Answers, The New York Times (22 May 2019): https://www.nytimes. com/2019/05/22/us/ralph-northam-blackface-photo.html].    ,   1991      ,     .   , -     ,  ,         .



           .        .    ,      1991 ,     1993 ,        .      ,     1942      ,            ,     .  2004        , ,     17-     , ,    .    12       ,    .     :    !    ![52 - Virginias Justin Fairfax Compared Himself To Lynching Victims In An Impromptu Address, YouTube (25 February 2019): https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=ZTaTssa2d8E]

 ,     ,    .              ,       .  2016        29-              30 .    ,     ,    .      17-  ,  ,      .       ,    .            ,      .        ,           [53 - Anubha Bhonsle, Indian Army, Rape Us, Outlook (10 February 2016): https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/indian-army-rape-us/296634.   ,         .].       ,   ,        .   2020  19-   -     ,    ,        . ,  ,       [54 -                : Durba Mitra, Indian Sex Life: Sexuality and the Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought (Princeton University Press, 2020).].

 ,         , :    ?   ?[55 - Hathras case: A woman repeatedly reported rape. Why are police denying it?, BBC News (10 October 2020): https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-54444939]    ,     .         . ,     .   ,      .      -  .      ,   ,          ,  .       ,  ,      , ,  ,   .   ,   ,      .      ?  .    [56 - Adrija Bose, Why Should I be Punished?: Punita Devi, Wife of Nirbhaya Convict, Fears Future of Shame, News 18 (19 March 2020): https:// www.news18.com/news/buzz/why-should-i-be-punished-punita-devi-wife-of-nirbhaya-convict-fears-future-of-shame-delhi-gangrape-2543091.html].



 ,       ,     :      .,   ,  ,  ,  ,  --   .             : , , ,    [57 -  .    (  )           : Prabha Kotiswaran, Governance Feminism in the Postcolony: Reforming Indias Rape Laws, in Janet Halley, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouch and Hila Shamir, Governance Feminism: An Introduction (University of Minnesota Press, 2018): 75148.             , , .].                .     ,    , , ,              (, , ),   ,    .   , ,        ,     ,   ,          .    ,      ,      ,        .     ,                        .

          .    ,       ,   ,    .        .     ,   ,           ,       .     ,     ,    ,            .   ,             ,         [58 - Claudia Jones, An End to the Neglect of the Problems of the Negro Woman! [1949], in Claudia Jones: Beyond Containment, ed. Carole Boyce Davies (Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2011): 7486; Frances M. Beal, Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female [1969], Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism, vol. 8, no. 2 (2008): 166176; Enriqueta Longeaux y Vsquez, The Mexican-American Woman, in Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings from the Womens Liberation Movement, ed. Robin Morgan (Vintage, 1970): 379384; Selma James, Sex, Race and Class (Falling Wall Press, 1975); The Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement [1977], in Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, ed. Barbara Smith (Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, 1983): 272292; Lorraine Bethel and Barbara Smith, eds., Conditions: Five: The Black Womens Issue (1979); Davis, Women, Race & Class; Cherr?e Moraga and Gloria E. Anzald?a, This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (Persephone Press, 1981); bell hooks, Aint I a Woman? Black women and feminism (South End Press, 1981); bell hooks, Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (Routledge, 1984); and Kimberl Crenshaw Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics, University of Chicago Legal Forum, vol. 1989, no. 1 (1989): 139167.]. -   ,     ,   .  .             .        ,       .        ,  ,         :         ,   [59 -            , , .].



  #MeToo[60 - Ida B. Wells, Southern Horrors: Lynch Laws in All Its Phases [1892], in Southern Horrors and Other Writings: The Anti-Lynching Campaign of Ida B. Wells, 18921900, ed. Jacqueline Jones Royster (Bedford Books, 1997): 4972, p. 59.]       .  ,        ,    ,  ,      .  ,    :  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  .     ,    ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,      ,      ,  ,     .    ,  Times    ,          ,   : ,     ,  [61 - #].              Comedy Cellar  -.       (    ),      [62 - Jia Tolentino, Jian Ghomeshi, John Hockenberry, and the Laws of Patriarchal Physics, The New Yorker (17 September 2018): https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/j ian-ghomeshi-j ohn-hockenberry-and-the-laws-of-patriarchal-physics].    ,  : ,      ?  ?   ,  .      -    [63 - Patrick Smith and Amber Jamieson, Louis C.K. Mocks Parkland Shooting Survivors, Asian Men, And Nonbinary Teens In Leaked Audio, BuzzFeed News (31 December 2018): https://www.buzzfeednews. com/article/p atricksmith/louis-ck-mocks-p arkland-shooting-survi-vors-asian-men-and?ref=hpsplash&bftw=&utm_term=4ldqpfp#4ldqpfp].  ,    ,      30 ,     ;            [64 -  , Amazon      ,                    , ,         .].  ,  ,  -      ,     Harpers:



  ,     ,      60-    -   19             .          ,        ?     ,     ,      ?[65 - Glenn Whipp, A year after #MeToo upended the status quo, the accused are attempting comebacks  but not offering apologies, Los Angeles Times (5 October 2018): https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-ca-mn-me-too-men-apology-20181005-story.html]


 ,       30 ,        ,        [66 - John Hockenberry, Exile, Harpers (October 2018): https://harpers.org/ archive/2018/10/exile-4/].        (Let Me Be Frank)  YouTube,             :



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   12     280  [67 - Kevin Spacey (@KevinSpacey), Twitter (30 October 2017): https://twit-ter.com/KevinSpacey/status/924848412842971136].

     ,   .      .       The New York Times ,    ,    #MeToo.   ,   ,   ,     ,       ,    .    ,  ,        [68 - Kevin Spacey, Let Me Be Frank, YouTube (24 December 2018): www. youtube.com/watch?v=JZveA-NAIDI].

,              ,     .                 ,   ,   .     . 30     ,     ,     ,   .    [69 - Michelle Goldberg, The Shame of the MeToo Men, The New York Times (14 September 2018): https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/14/opinion/columnists/metoo-movement-franken-hockenberry-macdonald.html].  1976           [70 - Catharine A. MacKinnon, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (Harvard University Press, 1991 [1989]), p. 180.].      ,      ,     ,       ,      .       ,    ,   20 ,            .   ,      .  ,      ,      .  ,   ,     .     .  ,         ,    ,     [71 - R v. Cogan and Leak (1976) QB 217.].

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         ,       ,      ,                 .  ,    :              ,     .

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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


.: Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (Routledge, 2010 [1990]), p. 10.




2


Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, trans. Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier (Vintage, 2011 [1949]), pp. 7656.  :   .  . .: . 2020.




3


    . . .




4


    . . .




5


          . . .




6


  .




7


     : Vernica Gago, Feminist International: How to Change Everything, trans. Liz Mason-Deese (Verso, 2020).




8


David R. Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class, (Verso, 2007 [1991]), p. x.




9


Bernice Johnson Reagon, Coalition Politics: Turning the Century [1981], in Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, ed. Barbara Smith (Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, 1983): 356368, p. 359.




10


Liz Kelly, Jo Lovett and Linda Regan, A gap or a chasm?: Attrition in reported rape cases, Home Office Research Study 293 (2005): http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100418065544/homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hors293.pdf, p. 50.    ,    ,     , -         ?, Quartz (11 May 2017): https://qz.com/980766/the-truth-aboutfalserape-accusations/.  ,     .




11


Kelly et al., A gap or a chasm?, p. 47.   ,       8%     ,       (ibid., p. xi).




12


Federal Bureau of Investigations, Crime in the United States 1996, Section II: Crime Index Offenses Reported (1997): https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-theu.s/1996/96sec2.pdf, p. 24.




13


Bruce Gross, False Rape Allegations: An Assault on Justice, The Forensic Examiner, vol. 18, no. 1 (2009): 6670, p. 66; and Kelly et al., A gap or a chasm?.      ,      ,      (p. 48).         ,     ,   .




14


Joanna Jolly, Does India have a problem with false rape claims?, BBC News (8 February 2017): https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38796457




15


Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) (20152016): https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR339/FR339. pdf, p. 568.




16


Newman, What kind of person makes false rape accusations?




17


      12 000     16  59   ,      (Home Office and the Office for National Statistics, An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales (2013): https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/an-overview-of-sexual-offending-in-england-and-wales).       ,            (Christopher Glazek, Raise the Crime Rate, n+1 (Winter 2012): https://nplusonemag. com/issue-13/politics/raise-the-crime-rate/; and Jill Filipovic, Is the US the only country where more men are raped than women?, The Guardian (21 February 2012): https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamer-ica/2012/feb/21/us-more-men-raped-than-women).




18


The National Register of Exonerations, The National Registry of Exonerations: https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/about. aspx.     ,     .         .  ,          , : Jon B. Gould and Richard A. Leo, One Hundred Years Later: Wrongful Convictions After a Century of Research, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 100, no. 3 (2010): 825868.  ,               11,6%: Kelly Walsh, Jeanette Hussemann, Abigail Flynn, Jennifer Yahner and Laura Golian, Estimating the Prevalence of Wrongful Convictions, Office of Justice Programs National Criminal Justice Reference Service (2017): https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/251115.pdf




19


The National Register of Exonerations.




20


Perpetrators of Sexual Violence: Statistics, RAINN: https://www.rainn.org/statistics/perpetrators-sexual-violence




21


Samuel R. Gross, Maurice Possley and Klara Stephens, Race and Wrongful Convictions in the United States, National Registry of Exonerations (2017): http://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/Race_and_Wrongful_Convictions.pdf, p. iii.




22


Bernadette Rabuy and Daniel Kopf, Prisons of Poverty: Uncovering the pre-incarceration incomes of the imprisoned, Prison Policy Initiative (9 July 2015): https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/income.html




23


.  Mia Bay, Introduction, in Ida B. Wells, The Light of Truth, ed. Mia Bay (Penguin Classics, 2014): xix-xxxi, p. xxv.




24


Ida B. Wells, A Red Record. Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynchings in the United States, 1892-1893-1894 [1895], in Wells, The Light of Truth: 220312.




25


Sheila Weller, How Author Timothy Tyson Found the Woman at the Center of the Emmett Till Case, Vanity Fair (26 January 2017): https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/01/how-author-timothy-tyson-found-the-woman-at-the-center-of-the-emmett-till-case




26


       : Amirah Inglis, The White Womens Protection Ordinance: Sexual Anxiety and Politics in Papua (Chatto and Windus, 1975); Norman Etherington, Natals Black Rape Scare of the 1870s, Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 15, no. 1 (1988): 3653; John Pape, Black and White: The Perils of Sex in Colonial Zimbabwe, Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 16, no. 4 (1990): 699720; Vron Ware, Beyond the Pale: White Women, Racism and History (Verso, 1992); Jenny Sharpe, Allegories of Empire: The Figure of Woman in the Colonial Text (University of Minnesota Press, 1993); Alison Blunt, Embodying war: British women and domestic defilement in the Indian Mutiny, 18578, Journal of Historical Geography, vol. 26, no. 3 (2000): 403428; David M. Anderson, Sexual Threat and Settler Society: Black Perils in Kenya, c. 190730, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, vol. 38, no. 1 (2010): 4774; and David Sheen, Israel weaponizes rape culture against Palestinians, The Electronic Intifada (31 January 2017): https://electronicintifada.net/content/israel-weaponizes-rape-culture-against-palestinians/19386




27


           ,   (Gross et al., Race and Wrongful Convictions, p. 4).     20% .  ,         (Joe Palazzolo, Racial Gap in Mens Sentencing, The Wall Street Journal (14 February 2013): https://www. wsj.com/articles/SB1000142412788732443200457830446378985 8002).          ,      (Kimberl Williams Crenshaw, Priscilla Ocen and Jyoti Nanda, Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, African American Policy Forum (2015): https://www.atlanticphilanthropies. org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/BlackGirlsMatter_Report.pdf, p. 6).           ,  ,         (ibid., p. 16).  -,    27% , 53,4%    55,7%  ,  ,  (Kimberl Williams Crenshaw, Andrea J. Ritchie, Rachel Anspach, Rachel Gilmer and Luke Harris, Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women, African American Policy Forum (2015): https:// www.aapf.org/sayhername, p. 5).  ,       2,5  ,    ,      1,4   (Frank Edwards, Hedwig Lee and Michael Esposito, Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race  ethnicity, and sex, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 116, no. 34 (2019): 1679316798).




28


  ,    , : Jemele Hill, What the Black Men Who Identify With Brett Kavanaugh Are Missing, The Atlantic (12 October 2018): https://www. theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/why-black-men-relate-brett-kava-naugh/572776/




29


Dan A. Turner, Letter from Brock Turners Father (2016),   : https://www.stanforddaily.com/2016/06/08/the-full-letter-read-by-brock-turners-father-at-his-sentencing-hearing/




30


Brett Kavanaughs Opening Statement: Full Transcript, The New York Times (26 September 2018): https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/26/us/poli-tics/read-brett-kavanaughs-complete-opening-statement.html




31


Kate Kelly and David Enrich, Kavanaughs Yearbook Page Is Horrible, Hurtful to a Woman It Named, The New York Times (24 September 2018): https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/24/business/brett-kavanaugh-year-book-renate.html




32


Mollie Hemingway and Carrie Severino, Christine Blasey Fords Father Supported Brett Kavanaughs Confirmation, The Federalist (12 September 2019): https://thefederalist.com/2019/09/12/christine-blasey-fords-fa-ther-supported-brett-kavanaughs-confirmation/




33


#




34


, : JoAnn Wypijewski, What We Dont Talk About When We Talk About #MeToo, The Nation (22 February 2018): https:// www.thenation.com/article/archive/what-we-dont-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-metoo/




35


Emily Yoffe, The Uncomfortable Truth about Campus Rape Policy, The Atlantic (6 September 2017): https://www.theatlantic.com/educa-tion/archive/2017/09/the-uncomfortable-truth-about-campus-rape-poli-cy/538974/




36


Shulamith Firestone, The Dialectic of Sex (Verso, 2015 [1970]).




37


Angela Y. Davis, Women, Race & Class (Penguin Modern Classics, 2019 [1981]), p. 163.  :  . , , . .: . 1987.




38


Libby Purves, Indian women need a cultural earthquake, The Times (31 December 2012): https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/indian-wom-en-need-a-cultural-earthquake-mtgbgxd3mvd




39


           : Andrea Smith, Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide (South End Press, 2005); Jacki Thompson Rand, Kiowa Humanity and the Invasion of the State (University of Nebraska Press, 2008); and Maya Seshia, Naming Systemic Violence in Winnipegs Street Sex Trade, Canadian Journal of Urban Research, vol. 19, no. 1 (2010): 117.        : Pumla Dineo Gqola, Rape: A South African Nightmare (MF Books Joburg, 2015); and Rebecca Helman, Mapping the unrapeability of white and black womxn, Agenda: Empowering women for gender equality, vol. 32, no. 4 (2018): 1021.  : Ann McGrath, Black Velvet: Aboriginal women and their relations with white men in the Northern Territory 191040, in So Much Hard Work: Women and Prostitution in Australian History, ed. Kay Daniels (Fontana Books, 1984): 233297; Greta Bird and Pat OMalley, Kooris, Internal Colonialism, and Social Justice, Social Justice, vol. 16, no. 3 (1989): 3550; Larissa Behrendt, Consent in a (Neo)Colonial Society: Aboriginal Women as Sexual and Legal Other, Australian Feminist Studies, vol. 15, no. 33 (2000): 353367; and Corrinne Tayce Sullivan, Indigenous Australian womens colonial sexual intimacies: positioning indigenous womens agency, Culture, Health & Sexuality, vol. 20, no. 4 (2018): 397410.       :                ,   ,          (Pamela Scully, Rape, Race, and Colonial Culture: The Sexual Politics of Identity in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony, South Africa, The American Historical Review, vol. 100, no. 2 (1995): 335359, p. 337).




40


Scully, Rape, Race, and Colonial Culture, pp. 335ff.




41


Carolyn M. West and Kalimah Johnson, Sexual Violence in the Lives of African American Women, National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women (2013): https://vawnet.org/sites/default/files/materials/ files/2016-09/AR_SVAAWomenRevised.pdf, p. 2.




42


Joanna Bourke, Rape: A History from 1860 to the Present Day (Virago, 2007), p. 77.




43


Rebecca Epstein, Jamilia J. Blake and Thalia Gonzlez, Girlhood Interrupted: The Erasure of Black Girls Childhood, Georgetown Center on Poverty and Inequality (2017): https://ssrn.com/abstract=3000695




44


Kimberl Williams Crenshaw, I Believe I Can Lie, The Baffler (17 January 2019): https://thebaffler.com/latest/i-believe-i-can-lie-crenshaw




45


 ,  , 41,2%              ,    30,5%   .     51,7%,    29,7% (Matthew J. Breiding, Sharon G. Smith, Kathleen C. Basile, Mikel L. Walters, Jieru Chen and Melissa T. Merrick, Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization  National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011, Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 63, no. 8 (2014): https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ ss6308a1.htm, table 7).       ,    (Emiko Petrosky, Janet M. Blair, Carter J. Betz, Katherine A. Fowler, Shane P.D. Jack and Bridget H. Lyons, Racial and Ethnic Differences in Homicides of Adult Women and the Role of Intimate Partner Violence  United States, 20032014, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 66, no. 28 (2017): 741746, p. 742).




46


Beth E. Richie, Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and Americas Prison Nation (NYU Press, 2012).




47


Shatema Threadcraft, North American Necropolitics and Gender: On #BlackLivesMatter and Black Femicide, South Atlantic Quarterly, vol. 116, no. 3 (2017): 553579, p. 574.




48


Ibid., p. 566.




49


Joe Coscarelli, R. Kelly Faces a #MeToo Reckoning as Times Up Backs a Protest, The New York Times (1 May 2018): https://www.nytimes. com/2018/05/01/arts/music/r-kelly-timesup-metoo-muterkelly.html




50


Chance the Rapper Apologizes for Working With R. Kelly, NBC Chicago (8 January 2019): https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Chance-the-Rapper-Apologizes-for-Working-With-R-Kelly-504063131.html




51


Alan Blinder, Was That Ralph Northam in Blackface? An Inquiry Ends Without Answers, The New York Times (22 May 2019): https://www.nytimes. com/2019/05/22/us/ralph-northam-blackface-photo.html




52


Virginias Justin Fairfax Compared Himself To Lynching Victims In An Impromptu Address, YouTube (25 February 2019): https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=ZTaTssa2d8E




53


Anubha Bhonsle, Indian Army, Rape Us, Outlook (10 February 2016): https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/indian-army-rape-us/296634.   ,         .




54


               : Durba Mitra, Indian Sex Life: Sexuality and the Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought (Princeton University Press, 2020).




55


Hathras case: A woman repeatedly reported rape. Why are police denying it?, BBC News (10 October 2020): https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-54444939




56


Adrija Bose, Why Should I be Punished?: Punita Devi, Wife of Nirbhaya Convict, Fears Future of Shame, News 18 (19 March 2020): https:// www.news18.com/news/buzz/why-should-i-be-punished-punita-devi-wife-of-nirbhaya-convict-fears-future-of-shame-delhi-gangrape-2543091.html




57


 .    (  )           : Prabha Kotiswaran, Governance Feminism in the Postcolony: Reforming Indias Rape Laws, in Janet Halley, Prabha Kotiswaran, Rachel Rebouch and Hila Shamir, Governance Feminism: An Introduction (University of Minnesota Press, 2018): 75148.             , , .




58


Claudia Jones, An End to the Neglect of the Problems of the Negro Woman! [1949], in Claudia Jones: Beyond Containment, ed. Carole Boyce Davies (Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2011): 7486; Frances M. Beal, Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female [1969], Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism, vol. 8, no. 2 (2008): 166176; Enriqueta Longeaux y Vsquez, The Mexican-American Woman, in Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings from the Womens Liberation Movement, ed. Robin Morgan (Vintage, 1970): 379384; Selma James, Sex, Race and Class (Falling Wall Press, 1975); The Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement [1977], in Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, ed. Barbara Smith (Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, 1983): 272292; Lorraine Bethel and Barbara Smith, eds., Conditions: Five: The Black Womens Issue (1979); Davis, Women, Race & Class; Cherr?e Moraga and Gloria E. Anzald?a, This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (Persephone Press, 1981); bell hooks, Aint I a Woman? Black women and feminism (South End Press, 1981); bell hooks, Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (Routledge, 1984); and Kimberl Crenshaw Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics, University of Chicago Legal Forum, vol. 1989, no. 1 (1989): 139167.




59


           , , .




60


Ida B. Wells, Southern Horrors: Lynch Laws in All Its Phases [1892], in Southern Horrors and Other Writings: The Anti-Lynching Campaign of Ida B. Wells, 18921900, ed. Jacqueline Jones Royster (Bedford Books, 1997): 4972, p. 59.




61


#




62


Jia Tolentino, Jian Ghomeshi, John Hockenberry, and the Laws of Patriarchal Physics, The New Yorker (17 September 2018): https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/j ian-ghomeshi-j ohn-hockenberry-and-the-laws-of-patriarchal-physics




63


Patrick Smith and Amber Jamieson, Louis C.K. Mocks Parkland Shooting Survivors, Asian Men, And Nonbinary Teens In Leaked Audio, BuzzFeed News (31 December 2018): https://www.buzzfeednews. com/article/p atricksmith/louis-ck-mocks-p arkland-shooting-survi-vors-asian-men-and?ref=hpsplash&bftw=&utm_term=4ldqpfp#4ldqpfp




64


 , Amazon      ,                    , ,         .




65


Glenn Whipp, A year after #MeToo upended the status quo, the accused are attempting comebacks  but not offering apologies, Los Angeles Times (5 October 2018): https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-ca-mn-me-too-men-apology-20181005-story.html




66


John Hockenberry, Exile, Harpers (October 2018): https://harpers.org/ archive/2018/10/exile-4/




67


Kevin Spacey (@KevinSpacey), Twitter (30 October 2017): https://twit-ter.com/KevinSpacey/status/924848412842971136




68


Kevin Spacey, Let Me Be Frank, YouTube (24 December 2018): www. youtube.com/watch?v=JZveA-NAIDI




69


Michelle Goldberg, The Shame of the MeToo Men, The New York Times (14 September 2018): https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/14/opinion/columnists/metoo-movement-franken-hockenberry-macdonald.html




70


Catharine A. MacKinnon, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (Harvard University Press, 1991 [1989]), p. 180.




71


R v. Cogan and Leak (1976) QB 217.




72


       , ,    ,       .       :            1991 .




73


Melena Ryzik, Cara Buckley and Jodi Kantor, Louis C.K. Is Accused by 5 Women of Sexual Misconduct, The New York Times (9 November 2017): https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/arts/television/louis-ck-sexual-mis-conduct.html




74


  ,         . . .




75


The Reckoning: Women and Power in the Workplace, The New York Times Magazine (13 December 2017): https://www.nytimes.com/interac-tive/2017/12/13/magazine/the-reckoning-women-and-power-in-the-work-place.html


