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 . . , . . , 2004

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 !

              ( 2001.      . .   . .    ,   2002.  . .     ).                       ,           -   . .     ,      . . .

                    .                          .

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   ,      -    ,               - ,         .

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 2003.







          :   90%    [1 - Ryan Leo. Ocean to ocean // Seaports and Shipping World. 1989. February. P. 23.]    ,[2 - New vessel Crown Princess for cruse floated out at Monfalcone // Fairplay International Shipping Weekly. 1989. 5512. P. 2728.]   80%   ,     ,[3 - Sardonyx Shelterdeck trawler from Paull shipyard to Moray First partnership // Commercial Fishering. 1989. 7. P. 2931.]       ,     ,[4 - First steps towards Ekofisk remote control // Offshore Engineering. 1989. May. P. 2627.]    ,[5 - Dell W. A., Moon I. R. Annuare Review, 19871988. Reed's Tug World. Tug operations simulated. New Maiden, 1989. Part 2. Add. 3. P. 2022.]          ,     ,[6 - .:  . .     . ., 1981. . 152;  . .    . ., 1982;  . .      . ., 1983;  . .  .   . ., 1984;  . .,  . .      . ., 1985;  . .        . ., 1973;  . . -   . ., 1978;  . . -   . ., 1982.]    ,    ,  ,         .

              , ,  ,  30 ,[7 - Asher J. U. S.Merchant marine and the maritime world in 1995 // United States Naval Institute Proceedings. 1996. 5. P. 184187, 189190, 192193.]     ( 500 . )  90.   ( 100  500 . )  900.  ( 100 . )  30.[8 - World shipping // Annuare Reports, 1997 / Lloyd's Register. London, 1998. P. 2830.]

             ,     ,        .[9 - Hansa, 1976. 23. S. 2051; The Journal of Navigation. 1992. 5. P. 210214.]

,        ,     ,    :          [10 -       500 .  2033%,   500 .   3536%. .: Ellingsen H. V. Sikkerhet til ojos // NSFI-nytt. 1974. 2. P. 13.]        200. .[11 -  . .   . . 1976. . 10.]

   .       ,     ,            ,[12 - , ,   -,    1986.      7500   . .: Detlefsen G. U. Standart-Frachter. Frachter mit Hohen Standart // Schiffahrt Internationale. 1987. 2. S. 7577; Olchowy T. Awaria morskie w swietle badan psychologiszych // Technika i gospodarka morska. 1987. 7. S. 308309.]            ,   ,     ,    ,      .[13 - Englischer kanal: Bessere Einhaltung der Einbahawe-geweniger Kollisionen // Seewart. 1977. 1. S. 3840.]

                ,         ,   ,   .,       .         ,     .  ,      ,                 ,     .

               ,            .

    -     ,            ,           -   .

     -          .




 1

-        





1.       


-      ,    ,      , , ,     ,    ,         ,    .[14 - Statistic of casualties // Proceedings of Marine Safety Council. 1997. 1. P. 2330.]               ,  ,   ,      ( )      .

              - ,          :

1)     ,       (     );       ();             ()  1914., 1929., 1948., 1960., 1974/2000.;      1966.;      1982.;       1977. ..;

2)    ,         () 1914., 1929., 1948., 1960.,    1972. (-72);       1930.;       ,      1930.;           1910.;    1965.;        -    1974. ..;

3)         (CO-74/2000;      1982.;     1989.;           1910.;                    1938.; . 34        1919.; . 25      1928.; . 9 -     1926.; . 15      1929.; . 25       1944.;    ,     ,     1968.;  100   (     )      );

4)            , , ,       ,     (        1962.;        1981.;        1973/78.;         ,       1969/96.;          1992.;             1992. ..);

5)            (         1997.;  1/21         1974/2000.; . 23      1966.; . 12        1973/78. .);

6)            (          1978/95. (-78/95);           1995. (  -95);             1995. (  -95,  .);

7)               ,         (,  ,    ),       ,  , ,    ,  ,  ,    ,     ,        (),      .. (          1993. (-93);       1989.;         -    1974.;       1977.;    1970.;    1965.;          1967.;             ,     , 1993.;             ,     (),    1  1999.;       13  1985.     ;               31  1988.;            1987.;             1978.;             1988.;    .857(20)      ;    .858(20)      , ,     ,             ,        ;       () MSC.35(63)  20  1994.      ;   MSC/Circ.794  5  1997.       ;    .765(18) 1993.         ,  ,     ;   .750(18) 1993.         -;    .738(18) 1993.          ;    .709(17) 1991.            ;    .668 (16) 1990.       ;    .619(15) 1987.             ..

  ,        ,              .[15 -   ,     //  . 1971. 15;            //        1  1966. 173; Convoy Act of England // Admiralty Origin. 2. London, 1798.]

     ,            ,         .       .      . 2  1999.,         :

1) ,    ;

2)   ;

3)            ;

4)   ;

5),    ;

6)    ;

7), -    ;

8),       ;

9)    ;

10)   ;

11),      ;

12)   .[16 -     . . ., 2000. . 910.]

     ,                     ,      .

,         (  )     ,            ,        ..

             .           . ,  - , , ,     . -           ...[17 - ROV + NDT = Success // Ocean Industry. 1995. 5. P. 3335, 40; Lu Zhangoi, Yang Ruinian. The Application of Miero-Computer in Measuring speed of an underwater moving // Shipping Engineering. 1996. 4. P. 3740; HEV I splitting hopper dredger delivered by Haak Shipyard // Holland Shipbuilding. 1993. 3. P. 19, 21, 2324.]

 ,        ,[18 - Maclean M. Naval accidental losses // Navy International. 1989. 2. P. 93101;  . .       //     . , 1989. . 310.]           ,    :

-,   30%           ,     ;[19 - Pardo Bustillo Miguel. La seguridad de la flota espanola // Ingenieria naval. 1988. 636. P. 332335; Second accident involving Hong Kong ferry // Fast Ferry International. 1989. 1. P. 79.]

-,  2530%    ,      ,       ,     ,           ;

-,   20%           ;[20 - Amagai Kiyoshi, Terao Jutaka, Takaishi Joshifumi. Constraction of a data base on capsizing accidents of fishing vessels and its analysis // The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation. 1989. 80. P. 2536.]

-,  3040%            ,       ;[21 - Gulf casualty // Reed's Tug World Annuare Review, 19881989. New Maiden, 1989. P. 9698.]

-,  50%        ,              .[22 - Salvage story // TUG World Newslett. 1989. N19. P. 26; Sea rescue not easy for these big ships // Work Boat World. 1996. 4. P. 58.]

              :

1)        ;

2)               ;

3)        .

  ,           ,    ,          ,  .

    ,        -    , ..     ,       . 2  1999.   ,             :     ,    , , ,   ,  ,    ,    ..

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2.        


           :

1.  ,    ,   ?

2.        ?

-              ,                  ,          ,          .

          .     -     . ,  .   3        1972. (-72) ,        ,     ,           .

 . b  3 -72 ,         ,     .        ,    ,  ,     (.   3 -72).  ,   ,   ,    ,   ,     ,    ,     ,   ,   ,    ,     (. d  3 -72).     ,     (.   3). ,   ,  ,    -      ,  ,         (. f  3 -72).  ,    ,  ,          ,    -72,         (. q  3 -72).  ,    , :

,  ,     , ,       ;

,  , ,    ;

,        ,   ;

,       ;

,   ;

,    ,        .[23 -          . . II / . . . . ., 1977. . 1819.]

 ,   ,     ,  -              ,    (. h  3 -72).[24 -        . ., 1982. . 49.]

 . 1(b)    1960.      ,      , ,     , ,      ,   , , ,       .[25 -        ,       1960. , 1963. . 4.]    ,      (, , , ,   .),          .

             ,  ,  . 3(4)   1973/78.      (-73/78);[26 -   -73/78. ., 1998.]  . 2      1966.    ,   ,  ,      ,     ,    ,    .[27 -      1966. ., 1966.]  . 1(2)           ,         ,     ,    .[28 -          . ., 1971. . 142155.]         2         1974/2001 (-74/2001). ,    ,     (. f  2);    ,    (.   2);    ,          (.   2);    ,    , , ,       (. i  2);    ,     (. j  2);      ,   (. k, l  2).[29 -   -74/98. ., 1998. . 2728.]     ,   -74/2001,          .              1992.         .[30 -             1992. ., 1996. . 56.]

 . II(2)   1969.        ,    ,        ,             .[31 - .:    . 1971. . 257.]

                 1978/95. (-78/95). ,    ,        (.1(16)  1/1  I). -  ,            ,    17      ,      (.1(17)  1/1  I).   ,              ,    19      ,     (. 1(18)  1/1  I).   -                ,            1974.  (.1(19)  1/1  1).[32 -           1978/1995. ., 1996. . 44.]

,           ,    ,          ,       . ,  . 1                    25  1972. ( ,     1979/86.) ,   :  ,  -  ,   ,     ,    ,    ,      - ,   ,   -  (.1() . 1).   -  ,    - ,          ,        (. 1(6) . 1).           ,    (. 2. 1).[33 -  . .,  . .,  B. C.,  . .     . ., 1991. . 265.]

       ,          .[34 - .:                 15  1986. (. 1);        25  1986. (. 1);        4  1989.(. 1);        20  1989. (. 1);        30  1989. (. 1);        19  1990.(. 1);        1  1990.(. 1);        26  1990.(. 1);        10  1991. //  . .,  . .,  B. C.,  . . . . . 272281, 297331.]

      1982.     . ,  . 103 ,            ,    ,    ,     ,   . 101 ( . .).        ,      ,         ,    .       . 102  1982.,  ,   ,   . 101,     ,      ,          ,    ,   ,       .

   ,    ,     ,     . 101   1982.:

      :

a)   ,    ,        -        :

i)             ,    ;

ii)  -    ,             ;

b)      -    ,    ,             ;

c) ,       ,      b.[35 -  .      1982. -, 1984. . 4951.]

      1982.     ,       (. 96): ,            ,              ,   .[36 -  . . 49.]

    ,   . 1(6)     1989.,  ,               ,   .     1989.            ,           ,        (. 3).[37 -       1989. , 1990. . 5.]     . 3 1989. ,            ,   ,    ,                .[38 -  .]

,        ,           .

       . ,  .1 . 7  1999.,        ,     .  . 2. 7 ,         ,      ,   ,      .[39 -     . . . 2627.]        .[40 - , .309    1961/90.; . 271    1961/88.; . 170, 715, 801  46   ; .2       1967.; . 742  1894., . 1 1921.     . // Ripert G. Le droit maritime. T. I. Paris, 1953. P. 273277; Lopuski J. Prawo morskie. Gdansk, 1974. S. 62; Cappel C. Sea laws and practice. Berlin, 1992. P. 114139.]

       , ,        ,             .

         ,              : ,  ,   ,  , , ,   ,     150    3800,    ,    ,  ,     ,   , ,   ,     ,[41 - Loughry T. Drillships extend the search // Surveyor. 1986. 3. P. 2732; Supply vessel Cura // New Ships / Neu-bauten. 1987. 3. P. 9495; The first west German carrier Munchen // Scandia. 1981. 22. P. 935936; Gastanker Coral Isis // Hansa. 1977. 3. S. 213214; Gallington R. W. Recent advances in wing in ground effect vehicle technology // AIAA Paper. 1976. 874.]    ,  -,    ,  ,      - , , , ,   , -  ..[42 - Olabschopfboot // Hansa. 1986. 22. S. 19661967; Underutilised, but cost effective // Offshore Engineer. 1986. December. P. 3233; Entwicklung grosser Hovercraft-Fahrzeuge // Schiff und Hafen. 1987. 1. S. 3233; Verfa-hrbare Schneidkorfbagger-Hubinsel // MT. 1983. 1. S. 2526; Lotsenversetzboot und Kustenfahrgastschiff in Katamaranbauweise // Seewirtschaft. 1987. 1. S. 4849.]

 ,         ,        ,      ,    ,   , ,   .         ,     ,          ,      .         ,     .

,   ,    2001.  ,     ,       .      Freedom Ship International,       2001.

     -.       .     2,7 ,     ,           .    1,5,    150.      25- .           - .      115 000 ,  15 000   20 000 .

      ,      17.   4. .         , ..         .    , - ,      .

        . ,         ,       ,        ,           .      ,    ,       .          ,     ,             .

     .       6 .,      ,       .  2003.        ,              .       .          180. .                  , .., ,  810 .               .       ,   ,      2700 .

        -     .        .        ,     ,      ,            . ,          .

          . -,        ,   - . -,           ,         . ,  -      ,     . -,       ,                 .                  ,        ,           .

      ,  ,       ,       .  - -          .   , , -  .

              , ..  -    ,         . ,         -   ,       ,     ,    , ,    ,      (, ),       .. ,          ,     ,      ,     ,          , ..      ,       ,    .,           ,       .[43 - .:    // 24 . 2001. 32.]

    ,  ,    -, -,    ,       ..[44 - .: Bozon Catherine. Il invente la sous-marin de loisirs // L'Usine nouvelle. 1990. 2255. S.25; LR-classed Nedlloyd boxships dispense with hatch covers //100 Al. 1995. 4. Quarter. P. 3839; L'Aquitaine, petrolier de 134 000 tpl. de la CNN // Navires, ports et chantiers. 1990. 472. P. 2021; Arrastrero congelador Islanza // Rotacion. 1990. 256. P. 2223; Ellicott delivers world's largest sand mining dredger // Dredging and Port Construction. 1995. 3. P. 2021; Offshore contract // Shipping World and Shipbuilding. 1990. 4061. P. 7172; Jason-Tauchrobote f?r Suche nach gesunkenen Schiffen // Seewirtschaft. 1990. 2. S. 104.] ,     ,    28 ,        -,    -   1000,     121.[45 - .:    //  . 2000. 6;     //  . 2000. 8;  and  wins double order for mineral and sand dredger for Western Australia project // Dredging and Port Construction. 1991. 12. P. 3233; Shipyard sets barge record // World Dredging Minning and Construction. 1993. 5. P. 1112; Underutilised, but cost effective // Offshore Engineering. 1995. December. P. 3233.]          ,     ,                .        (,  , ),      ,          .[46 - Radke Fred. UW-Technik im harten Test // Poseidon. 1988. 1. S. 1416.]

    ,    ()   ,[47 - Nunaber K. Eine stark beachtete Ausstellung mit po-sitiven Aspekten fur die Zukunft // Hansa. 1987. 2324. S. 1492, 14941495.]     ,        (   ,   ,  ,  ,  ,    .), ,   ,      ().    ,   , ,  ,     ..      ,[48 - Kennedy J. L. New North sea juck-up rig design is bigger and stronger // Oil and Gas Journal. 1971. 48. P. 7173.]            ,      .

           ,      .   1999. . 337  366         : 1)                  ,              ; 2)                 ,             .[49 -     . . . 2627, 559566, 628629.]

      ,[50 - Kennedy W. The law of salvage. 2nd ed. London, 1958. P. 733734, 421; Cleveringa R. P. Zeerecht. 3rd ed. Zvolle. 1992. P. 107107.]          .[51 - Lopuski J. Prawo morskie. Gdansk, 1974. S. 62.]

    -          .          ,      ,      , ,    ,        .

       ,          ,    ,    ,    ,       .[52 - .: . 541   ; . 2021   1873.; . 2 1971. ; .546  1894. ; . 501   ; . 750,  46   ; . 476490   1952. ..]        (    )    ,    , , , , , , , ,    ,    .[53 - Kennedy W. Op. cit., P. 34; Falenciak J. Prawo morskie. Wroclaw, 1953. S. 147148.]  -  , , ,       ,        ,  ,     ,    ,   ,    .[54 - Norris M. J. The Law of salvage. New York, 1958. P. 4950.] ,              ,  ,   ,    ,    -,    ,     , ..      ,           ,       ,              ,    .   -     ,            ,   ,          ,       .  -  -   ,         ,                . ,         ,       ,      -  ,    .            .   ,          ,         , .. .         .[55 - .  : Colby v. Todd Packing Co. // American Maritime Cases. 1948. P.18811883; H. M.Brown v. Lincoln County Logging Co. // American Maritime Cases. 1928. P. 945984; Lambros seaplane base v. The Batory // American Maritime Cases. 1953. P. 14491453; Flaying Boat N-31235 // American Maritime Cases. 1957. P. 19571962; The Taurus had towed the plane some 75 miles from the site of the original accident // Ocean Scientific News. 1976. 46. P. 12.]

       ,          . ,  ,            ,     ,        :  ,   . ,    -           800 .         .         ,   . , ,      ,      ,    .          ,          .        .  ,            :      .   ,   ,      .[56 -      //  . 2001. 16 .]

       ,   .[57 - Molenaar H. J. Marketing problems // Schip en Werf. 1989. 14. S. 317321.]     . , -  (  )      ,   , ,    ,  ,     ,    ()  ..[58 - Europe's first integrated ocean-going barge/tug system // Motor Ship. 1971. 607. P. 503507.]  ,  -  , ,       ,      ,   . ,       /   ,            .[59 - .:   6/1960; Temperley R. The merchant shipping acts. 7th ed. London, 1987. P. 391395.]

,     ,  ,    ,                   ,     ,   ,     ,    ,              .

              ,         ,   , , ,        .    ,            ,      ,        ,    , ,   ,   ,     .            ,       ,  ,   .

       .  ,     , ..       ,   ,         , , -,   (,  ,  )  ,     ,[60 - Rennesund Raynar, Robin Jean Paul. Super Susea: asubsea field development programme based on submarine intervention // SUBSEA'88 International Conference: Subsea Systems: Today's Technology, Tomorrow's Technology. London, December 1988. London, 1989. P. 126158.] -,            ,           ,[61 - Torsten E. Op bruisende golven // Nautisch Technisch Tijdschrift / De Zee. 1989. 2. P. 4648.] -,    (  )        .[62 - The salvage of the Sealink ferry Hengst // Marine Engineers Review. 1987. December. P. 1618.]

       ()      .   , , ,     ,     ,       .         (, , ,  ,       .),      .         -   (, , ,   .),          .  ,               .

                 .[63 - Walden R. G. Oceanographic and meteorological buoys // Underwater science and technological journal. 1980. 3. P. 155164.]         ,                    ,  ,            ,  .[64 - Graf K., Steinicke D. Anderungen und Erganzungen der Seeschiffahrtstrassen-Ordnung // Landsteg. 1986. 2. S. 1619.]

    ,      ,      (),           ,    .[65 -  .        // - . 1972. 265. . 35 (. .); Walden R. G. Op. cit. P. 155164; Wesler J. E. Buoys as platforms for environmental measurements // AIAA Paper. 1969. 155. P. 110.]   1977.,        ,[66 - .: Doc. IMCO Leg. XXXII/10. 9May 1977. P. 1718.]  . 14  ,           ,    ,       ,      .         ,            , ,     ,             .[67 -  . .           // .   . ., 1971. . 31(37). . 7293.]

     ,             ,            .  ,      ,       .[68 -  . . . . . 7786; Clingan . ., Stang D. P. The law and data buoys // Undersea Technology. 1987. Vol. 8. 9. P. 3340.]          . -,       ,         . -,        ,      .

        ,       ,          .      ,     ,     ,                .  ,           ,            .            ,        .

 ,  ,           , , ,      .

       (),[69 - . .:  . .     -  //    . ., 1978. . 3037;  . .,  . .        //     . ., 1972. . 1319.]                    .

-           [70 - -        370 000 (.:  . .     //    . 1969. . 29. . 105114);  .      // Mechanik Handling. 1981. 11. P. 5053;Lozza E. La nave componibile. Panorama d'impiego e prime prove in vasca // La Marinala Italiana. 1981. 78. P. 185193.]  .[71 -       38   650,   򻠖 38   1000 // Lykes line's first seable operational // Shipbuilding and Shipping Records. 1982. 5. P. 1820; Un evenement capital dans 1'histoire des transports. Le premier navire portebarges est arrive en Europe // Revue de la Navigation Fluviale Europeenue. 1979. 21. P. 828830.]  ,               ,      .              [72 - Europe's first integrated ocean-going barge/tug system // Motor Ship. 1971. 607. P. 503507.]          ,      .

     ,              : -,        ,      , -,      , -,           ,                .          .

        .                 .[73 -  .     - // Mechanic Handling. 1981. 11. P. 2944; Norwegian Shipping News. 1980. N12. P. 486489.]          -,       (   ).[74 -    . 1972. . 55(289). . 35; Rosani . Dalle navi porta containers alle navi LASH // Ad-riatico. 1971. 95. P. 1318.]        ,        .[75 -       ,       ,             //    . 1975. 2/116. . 2627.]           . ,      [76 -  . .        //    . 1974. 62(302). . 79.]   ,[77 -  . .,  . .     //    . 1972. 55. . 311;  . . -       //     . ., 1972. . 80; Ferrarini S. Profili giuridici del transporto a mezzo di navi traghetto // Il diritto civile. 1979. 2. P. 132.]      .[78 -  . .     // .  . . 219. 1977. . 5566; Kilian-Surdykowska D., Adamczak W. Charakter prawny barkiz barkowea // Technika i gospodarka morska. 1973. 9. S. 536538.]

        1970.  ,     ,      ,   ,     .[79 - Textes des travaux de la Gournee d'Etudes du 16.X. 1970. Paris, 1971.]      .[80 -  . . . . . 81.]   ,    ,     ,   ,   ,[81 - Gordia W., Vries G. J., Wijnolt N. Barge carriers. Sorre technical, economical and legal aspekts. Hague, 1972. P. 6566.]     ,[82 -  . .        - // .  . 1972. . 175. . 314.]  ,[83 -          // W/TRANS/SC 3/1977. . 6.] [84 -        /     // W/TRANS/SC 3/217. . 2.]   .[85 -  . . . . . 5863.]      ,             , ..  ,                .

                .[86 -  .   -- // - . 1972. 8. . 8184; Nicholas . Who benefits from corporate innovation in freight transport, if anyone? // Intersociology Conference Transportation. Washington. 1972. New York, 1972. P. 5259.]         .         ,      ,[87 -  . .     . // .  . 1974. .188. . 3843;]   ,          .      , ,      .[88 -     . .  // Lloyd's Law Reports. 1969. Vol. 2. P. 540545.]




  .


   .

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1


Ryan Leo. Ocean to ocean // Seaports and Shipping World. 1989. February. P. 23.




2


New vessel Crown Princess for cruse floated out at Monfalcone // Fairplay International Shipping Weekly. 1989. 5512. P. 2728.




3


Sardonyx Shelterdeck trawler from Paull shipyard to Moray First partnership // Commercial Fishering. 1989. 7. P. 2931.




4


First steps towards Ekofisk remote control // Offshore Engineering. 1989. May. P. 2627.




5


Dell W. A., Moon I. R. Annuare Review, 19871988. Reed's Tug World. Tug operations simulated. New Maiden, 1989. Part 2. Add. 3. P. 2022.




6


.:  . .     . ., 1981. . 152;  . .    . ., 1982;  . .      . ., 1983;  . .  .   . ., 1984;  . .,  . .      . ., 1985;  . .        . ., 1973;  . . -   . ., 1978;  . . -   . ., 1982.




7


Asher J. U. S.Merchant marine and the maritime world in 1995 // United States Naval Institute Proceedings. 1996. 5. P. 184187, 189190, 192193.




8


World shipping // Annuare Reports, 1997 / Lloyd's Register. London, 1998. P. 2830.




9


Hansa, 1976. 23. S. 2051; The Journal of Navigation. 1992. 5. P. 210214.




10


      500 .  2033%,   500 .   3536%. .: Ellingsen H. V. Sikkerhet til ojos // NSFI-nytt. 1974. 2. P. 13.




11


 . .   . . 1976. . 10.




12


, ,   -,    1986.      7500   . .: Detlefsen G. U. Standart-Frachter. Frachter mit Hohen Standart // Schiffahrt Internationale. 1987. 2. S. 7577; Olchowy T. Awaria morskie w swietle badan psychologiszych // Technika i gospodarka morska. 1987. 7. S. 308309.




13


Englischer kanal: Bessere Einhaltung der Einbahawe-geweniger Kollisionen // Seewart. 1977. 1. S. 3840.




14


Statistic of casualties // Proceedings of Marine Safety Council. 1997. 1. P. 2330.




15


  ,     //  . 1971. 15;            //        1  1966. 173; Convoy Act of England // Admiralty Origin. 2. London, 1798.




16


    . . ., 2000. . 910.




17


ROV + NDT = Success // Ocean Industry. 1995. 5. P. 3335, 40; Lu Zhangoi, Yang Ruinian. The Application of Miero-Computer in Measuring speed of an underwater moving // Shipping Engineering. 1996. 4. P. 3740; HEV I splitting hopper dredger delivered by Haak Shipyard // Holland Shipbuilding. 1993. 3. P. 19, 21, 2324.




18


Maclean M. Naval accidental losses // Navy International. 1989. 2. P. 93101;  . .       //     . , 1989. . 310.




19


Pardo Bustillo Miguel. La seguridad de la flota espanola // Ingenieria naval. 1988. 636. P. 332335; Second accident involving Hong Kong ferry // Fast Ferry International. 1989. 1. P. 79.




20


Amagai Kiyoshi, Terao Jutaka, Takaishi Joshifumi. Constraction of a data base on capsizing accidents of fishing vessels and its analysis // The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation. 1989. 80. P. 2536.




21


Gulf casualty // Reed's Tug World Annuare Review, 19881989. New Maiden, 1989. P. 9698.




22


Salvage story // TUG World Newslett. 1989. N19. P. 26; Sea rescue not easy for these big ships // Work Boat World. 1996. 4. P. 58.




23


         . . II / . . . . ., 1977. . 1819.




24


       . ., 1982. . 49.




25


       ,       1960. , 1963. . 4.




26


  -73/78. ., 1998.




27


     1966. ., 1966.




28


         . ., 1971. . 142155.




29


  -74/98. ., 1998. . 2728.




30


            1992. ., 1996. . 56.




31


.:    . 1971. . 257.




32


          1978/1995. ., 1996. . 44.




33


 . .,  . .,  B. C.,  . .     . ., 1991. . 265.




34


.:                 15  1986. (. 1);        25  1986. (. 1);        4  1989.(. 1);        20  1989. (. 1);        30  1989. (. 1);        19  1990.(. 1);        1  1990.(. 1);        26  1990.(. 1);        10  1991. //  . .,  . .,  B. C.,  . . . . . 272281, 297331.




35


 .      1982. -, 1984. . 4951.




36


 . . 49.




37


      1989. , 1990. . 5.




38


 .




39


    . . . 2627.




40


, .309    1961/90.; . 271    1961/88.; . 170, 715, 801  46   ; .2       1967.; . 742  1894., . 1 1921.     . // Ripert G. Le droit maritime. T. I. Paris, 1953. P. 273277; Lopuski J. Prawo morskie. Gdansk, 1974. S. 62; Cappel C. Sea laws and practice. Berlin, 1992. P. 114139.




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Loughry T. Drillships extend the search // Surveyor. 1986. 3. P. 2732; Supply vessel Cura // New Ships / Neu-bauten. 1987. 3. P. 9495; The first west German carrier Munchen // Scandia. 1981. 22. P. 935936; Gastanker Coral Isis // Hansa. 1977. 3. S. 213214; Gallington R. W. Recent advances in wing in ground effect vehicle technology // AIAA Paper. 1976. 874.




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Olabschopfboot // Hansa. 1986. 22. S. 19661967; Underutilised, but cost effective // Offshore Engineer. 1986. December. P. 3233; Entwicklung grosser Hovercraft-Fahrzeuge // Schiff und Hafen. 1987. 1. S. 3233; Verfa-hrbare Schneidkorfbagger-Hubinsel // MT. 1983. 1. S. 2526; Lotsenversetzboot und Kustenfahrgastschiff in Katamaranbauweise // Seewirtschaft. 1987. 1. S. 4849.




43


.:    // 24 . 2001. 32.




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.: Bozon Catherine. Il invente la sous-marin de loisirs // L'Usine nouvelle. 1990. 2255. S.25; LR-classed Nedlloyd boxships dispense with hatch covers //100 Al. 1995. 4. Quarter. P. 3839; L'Aquitaine, petrolier de 134 000 tpl. de la CNN // Navires, ports et chantiers. 1990. 472. P. 2021; Arrastrero congelador Islanza // Rotacion. 1990. 256. P. 2223; Ellicott delivers world's largest sand mining dredger // Dredging and Port Construction. 1995. 3. P. 2021; Offshore contract // Shipping World and Shipbuilding. 1990. 4061. P. 7172; Jason-Tauchrobote f?r Suche nach gesunkenen Schiffen // Seewirtschaft. 1990. 2. S. 104.




45


.:    //  . 2000. 6;     //  . 2000. 8;  and  wins double order for mineral and sand dredger for Western Australia project // Dredging and Port Construction. 1991. 12. P. 3233; Shipyard sets barge record // World Dredging Minning and Construction. 1993. 5. P. 1112; Underutilised, but cost effective // Offshore Engineering. 1995. December. P. 3233.




46


Radke Fred. UW-Technik im harten Test // Poseidon. 1988. 1. S. 1416.




47


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48


Kennedy J. L. New North sea juck-up rig design is bigger and stronger // Oil and Gas Journal. 1971. 48. P. 7173.




49


    . . . 2627, 559566, 628629.




50


Kennedy W. The law of salvage. 2nd ed. London, 1958. P. 733734, 421; Cleveringa R. P. Zeerecht. 3rd ed. Zvolle. 1992. P. 107107.




51


Lopuski J. Prawo morskie. Gdansk, 1974. S. 62.




52


.: . 541   ; . 2021   1873.; . 2 1971. ; .546  1894. ; . 501   ; . 750,  46   ; . 476490   1952. ..




53


Kennedy W. Op. cit., P. 34; Falenciak J. Prawo morskie. Wroclaw, 1953. S. 147148.




54


Norris M. J. The Law of salvage. New York, 1958. P. 4950.




55


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56


     //  . 2001. 16 .




57


Molenaar H. J. Marketing problems // Schip en Werf. 1989. 14. S. 317321.




58


Europe's first integrated ocean-going barge/tug system // Motor Ship. 1971. 607. P. 503507.




59


.:   6/1960; Temperley R. The merchant shipping acts. 7th ed. London, 1987. P. 391395.




60


Rennesund Raynar, Robin Jean Paul. Super Susea: asubsea field development programme based on submarine intervention // SUBSEA'88 International Conference: Subsea Systems: Today's Technology, Tomorrow's Technology. London, December 1988. London, 1989. P. 126158.




61


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62


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63


Walden R. G. Oceanographic and meteorological buoys // Underwater science and technological journal. 1980. 3. P. 155164.




64


Graf K., Steinicke D. Anderungen und Erganzungen der Seeschiffahrtstrassen-Ordnung // Landsteg. 1986. 2. S. 1619.




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66


.: Doc. IMCO Leg. XXXII/10. 9May 1977. P. 1718.




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68


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69


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70


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72


Europe's first integrated ocean-going barge/tug system // Motor Ship. 1971. 607. P. 503507.




73


 .     - // Mechanic Handling. 1981. 11. P. 2944; Norwegian Shipping News. 1980. N12. P. 486489.




74


   . 1972. . 55(289). . 35; Rosani . Dalle navi porta containers alle navi LASH // Ad-riatico. 1971. 95. P. 1318.




75


      ,       ,             //    . 1975. 2/116. . 2627.




76


 . .        //    . 1974. 62(302). . 79.




77


 . .,  . .     //    . 1972. 55. . 311;  . . -       //     . ., 1972. . 80; Ferrarini S. Profili giuridici del transporto a mezzo di navi traghetto // Il diritto civile. 1979. 2. P. 132.




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 . .     // .  . . 219. 1977. . 5566; Kilian-Surdykowska D., Adamczak W. Charakter prawny barkiz barkowea // Technika i gospodarka morska. 1973. 9. S. 536538.




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Textes des travaux de la Gournee d'Etudes du 16.X. 1970. Paris, 1971.




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 . . . . . 81.




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82


 . .        - // .  . 1972. . 175. . 314.




83


         // W/TRANS/SC 3/1977. . 6.




84


       /     // W/TRANS/SC 3/217. . 2.




85


 . . . . . 5863.




86


 .   -- // - . 1972. 8. . 8184; Nicholas . Who benefits from corporate innovation in freight transport, if anyone? // Intersociology Conference Transportation. Washington. 1972. New York, 1972. P. 5259.




87


 . .     . // .  . 1974. .188. . 3843;




88


    . .  // Lloyd's Law Reports. 1969. Vol. 2. P. 540545.


