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 : Perfect Sight Without Glasses  The Cure of Imperfect Sight by Treatment Without Glasses by W. H. Bates, M. D.



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 !

    ,                   .

  .  (18601931),    -,  ,      ,  ,  1920 .     ,        2010      .  ,     1920 ,    ,  ,       ,       .

,      ,   ,   ,   ,        ,        .           ,                 .

   ,          ,   ,     ,                                .

       ,        ,     ,    ,    ,     .

          ,         .   ,     ,            ,  , ,    .

     ,         ,         .    ,   -     .

            . ,         ,            .                   ,     . ,     ,  ,                .

           ,          1920 .  ,        ,      ,   .

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18 1938   . . , -, 210 -  !

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, ,   ,         ,            .    ,    , ,  ,   ,       ,    ,            ,       .    ,          .      ,    ,      ,    .       .



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    ?     ,           ,         ,    ?    ,             ,  ,    ?     ,      ,     ?

      .     - , ,   .  ,     .   ,    ,    ,     ,         .               .        ,   ,          ,  ,   ,   .

 ,       ,    ,    ,        .      .           , ,   ,     ,    ,    .

       ,    ,     ,     .

             .

     ,  -,   ,  .






  

(18121887).

  ,       ,    -    ,      ,         .




     -    , :      ,  .      .

  ,  



 

  










       ,   ,  .        ,     -      .               - ,         ,       ,    ,      .    ,           ,           .           ?,      ,    ,     ,   ,    .          ,                  .    ,    ,           ,     .    ,   ,  ,   ,   ,        ,     ,                ,  .

    ,       .  (http://perfect-sight.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=65&Itemid=48),                  .         ,          ,      ,           .

          ,     ,     ,     ,     .




 I. 


    , ,   ,        , ,   ,     .       -   .       ,   ,       ,       ,   ,         ,    ,         .

  ,       .         . ,         ,    .  ,       ,    . ,   ,  ,           ,      .        ,   , ,    .         .  ,  ,  , . ,       ,           ,   ,  ,    ,    ,       .  ,     ,        ,    ,          . ,    ,    , , ,       .     ,     ,    ,    .






.1. 

                -   .  - ,      ,  ,     , , ,        (.  IX).



            ,          .      ,     .             .           .            ,     ,      . -        .    ,   ,     .                   ,         .           ,            ,          .             .






.2.  

       ,       ,          ,   .



   ,             - ,     ?     ,  , ,       [1 -        (     )        . :     (Rosenau: Preventive Medicine and Hygiene), 3- ., 1917., . 1093. ,     ,  ,        ,       . : ,     ,     (Gould: The Cause, Nature and Consequences of Eyestrain, Pop. Sci. Monthly),  1905.             ,  , ,      .  ,      ,         ,           .     . :      ,     (Scott: The Sacrifice of the Eyes of School Children, Pop. Sci. Monthly),  1907.],  ,        ,   -             .

   , ,  ,   .             ,   ,       ,    ,       .           ,         ,    .     ,   ,       [2 - :     ; ,     (Ford: Details of Military Medical Administration published with the approval of the Surgeon General, U.S. Army, second revised edition),  ,   , 1918., . 498499.]   ,    .

 , ,       ,       ,          [3 -     ,   ,          .] ,              -      .                    6/12   .             ,        .  ,      ,              .      ,        .   ,     ,         ,     6/12,  ,    ,  ,   6/24 (  )  .

              . ,   ,              ,  -            .      6/24 ( )  ,   ,  6/60 ( )   ,   ,  ,     . ,                ,  ,          6/12     ,      6/24  .[4 -      (Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom),  XXXVIII, 1918., .130131.]






.3.   

   , , ,  ,   ,   ,   ,   



 1908            .         ,    ,          ,    ,    20/40 (  ,     6/12)   20/70      ,    .       ,      , , ,   ,      - ,       ,  ,  :  20/40   ,   ,   20/100     .     ,    , ,        20/40    ,        20/30.[5 - :       ,        (Harvard: Manual of Military Hygiene for the Military Services of the United States, published under the authority and with the approval of the Surgeon General),  ,  , , 1917., . 195.]

,                     .    ,             20/100       ,            20/40,        20/200     ,        20/40.[6 -          ,      ,     ,      , 1918. (Standards of Physical Examination for the Use of Local Boards, District Boards and Medical Advisory Boards under the Selective Service Regulations, issued through the office of the Provost Marshal General)]   , 21,68%       ,  13% ,   -  ,  -  [7 -          ,     , 1917. (Report of the Provost Marshal General to the Secretary of War on the First Draft under the Selective Service Act)].                 . -   10,65% ,      ,    , ,         .[8 -              20  1918. (Second Report of the Provost Marshal General to the Secretary of War on the Operations of the Selective Service System)]

     - ,          . ,       ,       ,   .      ,  ,            ,  ,      .        ,        ,     .

  ,    ,   :        ,     ;    ,      .   ,       ;             .     ,        .   [9 -   ?????, muopia  ; : ,       .] (),    -       [10 - Archiv. f. Augenh,  IXXIX, 1915.,   Arch. Ophth.,  XIV, 6,  1916.]    ,     ,     ,                  ,     .






.4.  ,     

, ; , ; , ; ,  . ,      ,      ,     .



                .       ,     ,   ,         ,               ,      .

        ,                  .         ,        .

     ,           ,   .           .             , ,    ,          , ,     ,          .   ,       ,             ,               ,            ,        .  [11 -    . metron    ops,   opos  .]    ,    ,           ,  ,                     ,    ,  ,    ,   ,      .      ,            ,        .     .   ,   .  ,       ,          ,     ,    ,       .  ,           ,       ,          ,  ,   ,   .  , ,  ,          ,           .  ,    , ,  ,   ,         ,        , ,  ,     .         ,            ,         ,           ,   ,  -  , ,        ,  ,  -   ,         .

            , ,      .        ,      ,  ,  ,        ,         .  [12 -   a     stigma  .]           .     -               ,         .          ,       .     ,     .        .       .






.5.   

: D, ,         ,    ,      ,    ; L, ; R,   ( ); ,  ; ab,    .

: , ,      ; D,  ( ); L, ,     ; R,   ; ,  ; ab,      ; a' b',    ; a" b",    . ,   a' b' a" b"    ,      ,    a b, ,    .



 30 000      -        ,    ,        ,       ,     ,    ,  ,     .  ,    ,      .     .    ,          .

   ,    ,   ,   .  ,  ,     ,       ,      ,      .                 ,        .

       ,     ,      ,          .              ,     ,    ,       ,                ,          ;            .       ,   ,  ,        ,   ,        .






.6.  

     ,          (    , . . .)



  ,     ,              .     ,   ,     ,      .          ,         ,      ,   , ,     ,   .






.7. ,   

     .






 II.  [13 -   ,           . . .]


?          .    ,     .      ,    .                 ,      .    ,   ?    ,  ,      -,       , ,          ,     .        ,     ,        ,  ,     ,      ,     .         ,     ,    ,   .        ,    ,  ,        ,    ,               .       .                 ,       .   (    . . .) ,   ,        ,     .






.8.    

     ,         



     ,       .       [14 -   (18351908).   ,          .        ,        .],   ,   ,    ,     ,   .  ,      ,          ,       .

            .      .       ,   ,       ,        .         .

    ,     ,             .       . ,        -      ,        ,  ,    ,   ,      .        ,        ,   ,        .   -   ,            .

                ,   ,           ,   ,   ,          .  ,       .          ,       .       ,    ,         .

 ,                           ,     ,               ,   ,          .  ,           ,     ,    ,    ,  ,        .            .

        .       ,     ,  , , , , , , ,   .   ,          ,       ;               .        ,          ,         ,       ,     ,    ;    ,          ,       ,      .        ,                   .     ,    ,     .             ,              .       ,       ,     ,   ,       .  ,   ,     ,    ,           ,     .          ,     .




 III.    


    ,       ,       ,  [15 -   (15711630).  ,   .       ,      .]    ,         .          .     ,      ,       .   ,      ,   ,         .     ,          ,         . ,    ,        ,        [16 - :       (Donders: On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye).       1864., . 10.    (18181889)       ;      .]   ,    ,        .

  ,          , ,   ,  [17 -   (. 1846).  ,     1874     ,   .],   (1619).     (1637).               ,       1800 [18 -    (On the Mechanism of the Eye), Phil. Tr., London, 1801.].    ,  , ,   ,      [19 -       (On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye), .1011.]. ,       .






.9.   

1   : ,  ; b,    ; ,    .

2    ,       ,      (R)     (): ,  ; b,    ; ,     ( ).

,   2, ,             , ,        ,           .



-    ,   [20 -    (18181877).  1846  1851.  ,     .    .]        ,      [21 -     (17871869).  ,       ,     .].     ,  ,         ,    :   ,   ;   ,        ;   ,   .    ,   ,  ,      : ,   ,    ,     .        ,         ;          1823  , , ,        .            ,         ,    ,      .        ,        .     ,       ,      .    ,     -  .   ,        ,       ,       . [22 -   (18221855).  .],     ,    10-  20- ,       ,  ,      ,     .

 ,  ,   ,    -  .   ,       ,   ,  ,              ,        [23 -    ,  .  (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik, edited by Nagel), 1909-11.,  I, . 121.]. ,       ,    ,  ,       .     ,    ,      ,       .   ,   ,              ,                .  ,         [24 -    ,  .  (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik, edited by Nagel), 1909-11.,  I, . 122.].        ,  -    ,                  .

   ,  ,      ,    ,           ,  ,    ,              ,     ,    ,       ,  ,          ,  .[25 -        (The Refraction and Accommodation of the Eye and their Anomalies),    , 1886., . 151.]

  ,  ,         ,   ,         .[26 -   (Physiologic Optics),      1904., . 163.     (. 1854)  ,             .        .]






.10. ,      

R     ,       .  ,  ,       ,       .



 ,  ,       ,               , , ,   .[27 -     (The Hygiene of the Eye in Schools),        1886., . 23.   (18381906)                 .]

        ,       ,[28 -    (Lessons in Elementary Physiology),  , 1872., . 231.]        .[29 -       (On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye), . 13.]

,         ,      ,       ,[30 - Krankheiten des Auges, 1853-56, . III, D. 219, et seq.]    .[31 - Ueber die Ursachen und die Entstehung der Kurzsichtigkeit, 1876, Vorwort.]

   ,      ,        ,   ,      .          ,       ,            ,       ,[32 -     (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik),  I, . 124  145.]   ,       .   ,    ,   ,      .[33 -     (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik),  I, . 144.]  ,              ,      -    ,     ,    ,    ,         .      ,   ,    ,   ,         .[34 -   (Physiologic Optics), . 166.]          ,  ,       ,   . ,   ,   ,    ,        .    ,    , ,  ,        .        ,      ,       ,      .     ,   ,           ,     .






.11.   (17731829)

   ,          ,       .



   - ,      ,           ,         .                  -    .            .     ,  ,     ,       ,   -     , ,      ,     .                 .  ,      ,           ,      .     ,          ,              .        ,    ,   [35 -  .]   ,       .[36 -       (On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye), . 320.]     ,   ,            ,   ,       ,      .   ,        , ,        .[37 - Archiv. f. Ophth., 1855.,  III,  1, . 187  .    (18281870)                   XIX .]






.12.      (18211894),

     ,     ,   ,        .



              .          ,               ,   .  ,   - ,    ,       .

 1872      [38 - Klin. Montasbl. f. Augenh., Erlangen, 1872.,  X, . 39  .]         ,   -    .          ,  ,   ,     ,     .     [39 - Archiv. f. Ophth., 1873.,  XIX,  3, . 107.]    ;       .  1869  1870    [40 - :   (Flint: Physiology of Man), 1875.,  V, .110111.] -             ,               ,            . 8 1894    , ,  ,      ,   -  .   [41 - :    ,       (Davis: Accommodation in the Lensless Eye, Reports of the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital),  1895.       .]:        ,         ,   ,          ,   .

  -,     ,  27  1894         ,       :     ,   ,       .      .   ,      -   ,    ,  , ,   .                  .       ,       ,    ,  ,   ,    .                          .     ,    ,            .        , ,   ,       .   , 4  1895 ,    20/10   ,   ,     ,  ,               .        ,       -    ,        .      ,       ,           ,     ,      ,     ,        ,    .    [42 -     .] ,          .    (1/10          ,      ),     ,    ,    ,   .    ,      .  ,           ,   ,  , ,    .    ,         .        ,          .

  ,       .           ,               .

      ,    ,  ,          .[43 -  1893., . 932.]          .          ,    ,  ,       . ,  ,    ,       - .      ,    ,       ,  ,        .      ,       ,       :      +16    . 14  1893     ,     ,   .  ,                         .     ,         .   , 16  1895 ,    .  ,              .         .           ,         ,      .       .

         ,  ,       .     ,       ,        ,          .     ,   ,    ,      .   ,                   -  ,     ,     ,              .

         ,    ,         ,       [44 -   ,        ,    ,    ,          .  :   (De Schweinitz: Diseases of the Eye),  , 1916., .3536.]  .  ,      ,     ,              .  ,           .       ,          .    -       ,  .         ,                     .            ,    ,       ,  ,          .     ,                 (  1/5  ).   ,         ,                   .   ,    ,        ,   ,             .      ,   .




 IV.   .        , , ,    


 ,      ,     ,     .      ,       ,                         - .         [45 -  .],  ,             . ,   ,      ,      .     ,    ,      -      ,              ,            .[46 -       (On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye), . 22.]

       , , ,       .     ,          ,  ,      ,    ,   ,          .         , , ,       ,                  .     ,           ,  ,         .          -     1914    -    8  1915    18  1918 .   ,         ,     .






.13.      ,          

1         ,       .       ,    .

2    .      .

3        .       



  ,      ,      ,      .        ,             .     ,  ,   ,     ,  ,  ,      ,     ,          ,     .         , ,     .      ,     .






.14.      ,          

1             ,      . 2    ,       . 3    .         . 4        .   ,       .



         .         , ,          ,          ,        ,   .         ,      .             (. tucking operation. . .)      ,      .        ,   ,      ,  .






.15.      ,          .           

1    .  .

2    .  .

3       .   .



                       ,         .              ,   ,   ,  .  ,     ,       ,    ,   ,      ,    ,         .             ,   ,        .






.16.     ,           

      .     ,     , ,      ,   ,     .        .     ,    ,      ,             ,       .  ,           .



                       [47 -   ,    ,       ,  ,           ,   .   ,     ,        .],           .                ,     ,    .                     .        ,         ,  ,       .

 , ,      ,   ,               . ,    ,        ,       , ,     ,           .






.17.

1          ,   ,   .       .

2              .






.18.      ,        

R,  .                  . , .        ,   ,   .  ,     .    -       ,       .   ,         .



         .           ,    .  ,       ,              ,   ,  ,        .         ,    .             .               .






.19.      ,        

R,  .          . , .          ,   ,   .   ,     .  ,           .



,              ,        ,     ,   ,    .          ,       .






.20.     .

           .         ,     .          .



          .            .     .     ,        ,                  ,    ,  .             ,     .          .






.21.    

        ,   -,       ,      ,                ,     .



     ,      ,              .      ,    ,      ,    ,   .   ,              ,      .         ,         ,        ,        .       ,   ,              .          ,            ,     .  ,            ,     ,      ,   ,      ,   ,    ,   ,      .   ,          ,      ,  .






.22.     ,  ,   ,      ,      ,   ,     ,   ,   

1            ,        ,       .     ,  .       .        ,    ,     ,      .          .

2       ,    ,     .            ,    ,      .

3       ,    ,      .          ,     ,        .

4       ,       ,        .        ,        .    ,  ,                     .           ,     ,         ,     .       ,       .



     ,         .             .       ,    ,   ,  -          ,             ,      .






.23.           

    ,        ,          ,       .






 V.   .        , ,   


,   ,    ,     ,      ,     .            ,        .         ,   ,     : ,   ,     ,           .        ,            ,          ,       .       ,         ;        ;          .    ,     ,             .           ,                .  ,         ,   -   .  ,          ,   ,    ,    ;          ,     -     .






.24.    ,    

,  ,      ,      ; , ; D, ; L, 1000- ; F,   ; , ,     ,       ; ,  ,           ,        (    ); , ; Pr, ,        ; R,  ,    1000-   :         ,     ,         ; ,    ,     ,    R.       ,    ,     ,        ,      .



,     ,     ;      ,  ,     ,    .                    -      .   , ,      ,              .         , ,   ; ,   ,     .       -  ,     .

 30-, 50-, 250-  1000-       .  ,     ,     ,       ,       ,   .         ,                      .






.25.             

,  ; F,   ; , ; ,       ; Pr, .






.26.        

R,  ; , .          .      ,    .        .           .        ,     .   ,      .






.27.    ,      

R,  ; , .      .     ?,         ,        .        ,         ,      .           ,    . ,      ?  ,         .



         ,   .       .           1000 ,       ,     ,        .       ,     ,         .        .        ,           ,   ,     ,   ,            ,         ,     .    ,  -        .  ,         ,    ,    ,      .         ,         .     ,      ,    ,   .

        ,                      .       ,     , ,    (  )     .               .        ,    .






.28.       

R,  ; , .     ,    ,     .    ,          .    ,       ,       .



        .         ;           ,              ,                   .   ,    ,     .   ,          ;   ,  ,   ,         .

       ,      .        ,    ,      ,       .    ,    ,  -   .      , ,  , ,  ,             . -    ,    ,     .    ,    ,          ,   .        .  ,    ,      ,     .     ,   ,      ,   ,   .   ,          .

       ,    ,    ,  ,  ,        .           ,      , ,   .     ,                     ,      ,  .           ,  ,        .      ,       ,    ,  ,      .      - ,        .   ,        ,         .

    ,    ,   ,        ,       .            ,      .[48 - :  , -   (Bates: The Cause of Myopia, N. Y. Med. Jour.), 16  1912.]

,     ,          .    ,         ,             ,  ,   ,   .             ,   ,       .       ,  ,   ,   .






.29.      

R,  ; , .         ,     ,      ,      .         .



 ,          , ,           ,        .        ,       ,            .         ,  ,    ,     ,    ,  ,    ,   .       ,   ,    ,          .






.30.     

R,  ; , .     ,            . , .   ,    ,   ,    ,    ,       . , .   ,       .            ,    ,          ,       .         ,    ,    ,    ,   ,      .






.31.      

     ,   ,  ,      .           ,          .   ,    ,    ,      .     ,      ,                .       ,   ,  ,    .



,     ,     ,     .   ,       ,   :         ,    ,    , ,       ,      .

,         ,    ,    ,   ,      .    ,       ,   ,      . ,     ,     ,     ,        .  ,           ,      ,    ,       ,      ,     ,      .






.32.      

  ,          ,         ,     .      ,          .  . 1        ,      ,    ,      (      .28).  . 2,     , ,     ,  ,      .      ,     . ,        .            ,   ,  ,    ,    ,      .



       ,     .        :     ,      -        .            ,       .        ,         ,   ,    , ,  ,  ,       ,       . ,            .






.33.  ,         

     (L)     (S),          ()   ().            (),           ,        20 .     , ,             ,       ,  .         .        .            ,      .



              ,       . ,     :    50  (  )   ,   ,   -    ,           .        ,    ,     .     ,                ,   .        ,  ,    ,  -      .       -   ,      .   ,     ,       ,         .     ,  ,     .    ,     ,                   45     .          ,       .        ,  , ,       ,   ,        ,    ,     .

             .




 VI.   .     


     ,  ,       ,        ,    ,     ,          .

  ,          ,       .  ,      ,      [49 -        () , ,  .           , ,    ,      ,   ,   -         .  -:      ,  .    (Herman Snellen Jr.: Mydriatics and Myotics System of Diseases of the Eye, edited by Norris and Oliver), 18971900.,  II, . 30.],                   .

-      ,      ,   ,     .       ,            .      ,      .  ,          ,    , , ,       ,      ,       .   ,            ,      ,  ,      ,    ,       ,   ,  .  ,    ,       ,   ,    ,   [50 -         ,           .       :     ,           .        ,    .         ,   .   ,  .        ,   ;    ,  .].        ,      .  ,    , ,    ,         .   ,     ,    .

        ,    ,    ,     ,        .     ,       ,                 (.  XXII).      ,    .

       .  ,      ,   .       ,       ,     20/200.             ,                  ( ).     ,     .         ,    .      ,     ,  -     ,     .        ,      ,    ,  - 20/200    ,       ,     .            ,     ,         ,   .         .     .   ,           ,            .            ,      ,       . ,    ,   ,        .

  ,    ,        ,           ,   ,     ,    .      ,     .        .            ,            .    , , ,  .  ,  ,          ,      ,      .            ,       ,      ,       .   - .       ,      .          ,           ,                  .   ,           ,                   .

     ,       ,     ,   . ,         , ,     - -  ,   ,      . ,     ,   ,     :    ,   ,    ,     .                   ,      .        , ,         ,        ,      ,   ,  ,    ,                .

   , ,             ,     ,   .         .                    ,          .      ,                  ,     ,      ,      .

  (.  )           .    ,      ,      .  ,       ,   ,     ,            .     ,     -      ,    ,        ,  ,   , ,  ,   ,   ,    - .

        .        ,        .             .             ,           ,                 ,     ,  .      ,   .     ,  ,              ,   ,  ,   .




 VII.   


  ,          , ,       ,      ,    ,     .          ,  ,        ,      .   ,        ,      ,      ,       ,    ,           .        ,        .      ,      .

,    ,               ,   ,     ,      ,    .      .      ,      ,    ,        .    ,   ,    ,                 ,    ,          ,            .

 ,     ,        .                ,   ,     .     ,     ,       .

   ,     ,     ,     ,                .                   .           ,         .         ,              .        :        .    .           ,         ,     ,  ,    .    -        .

     .   ,    .    .    ,     .         ,       .        ,    ,       .      .        ,        .       ,     .         .

,         ,         .            ,          .               ,           .             .

        ,    . ,       ,  ,      .  ,      ,      .   ,    ,     ,     ,       .              -  ,      .

     ,    .    ,        .    ,               ,          ,        .         .       ,      ,     . ,            , ,  ,     .        ,     .                  ,    .     ,      .[51 -    ,    ,  1881.,      Deutsche Rundschau. (Eyes and School-Books Pop. Sci. Monthly, May, 1881, translated from Deutsche Rundschau.)] ,    ,       ,      .        ,  - ,      . ,    ,     . ,   , ,   ,      -       ,    .

           ,  ,        ,          (.  XVII).

         .    ,     .     ,     .                   .          -  . , ,        ,   ,     .

     ,   , , ,     , ,   ,         ,   .

        .        ,    - ,      .       ,   ,        - ,  -       .

          ,               .   ,          ,   .              ,    .           ,         .   ,     ,     ,        ,       .




 VIII.     


,  , , ,    (.   )   ,        .       ,  ,         Ē. ,   ,   -        ,       ,          ,     ,   ,    .      ,       ,       ,  ,       .               ,      .       ,            .

,        ,     ,           .  ,     ,  ,      ,        , ,  ,        ,   .       ,  ,   ,  -   . ,      ,  ,            .     ,    ,       .      ,        ,   .

,     ,   ,    .      ,       ,      .   ,     ,   .   -      ,     ,   ,           ,      .           ,        .        ,   ,     ,      ,     .   ,   -    ,   , ,     -     ,      ,      ,        .   ,   20/70      ,    20/20,  ,         20/200,       -  [52 - Archiv. f. Augenh.,  lxxix, 1915.,   Arch. Ophth.,  xlv, No. 6, 1916.]  ,    ,   ,     ,     ,   ,   .           ,   ,    .           ,     ,       .

,      ,  ,       .     ,              .                     .    ,     ,   ,       ,    ,      .   ,   .           ,    .          ,   ,           ,      ,      ,         [53 - :   (Lancaster: Wearing Glasses), . 15.].    ,    ,    ,  ,        ,             .

          .          ,       ,          .     ,      ,       ,     .           .  ,      ,          ,         .

,       ,    ,   ,       .         ,  .           .       - ,    .        ,  ,        ,          .

               .

, , ,         -    ,    ,     ,     ,        .

 ,    ,        ,           ,  .            ,     ,     ,           :              ,      ,       ,          .  ,        ,        ,  ,   ,      .         ,    .

      ,        .       ,           .      I,  ,          ,      .         ,     ,    ,      ,    .     ,  ,          .  ,     ,  ,   ,  ,        .  , ,                  ,    ,     .  ,        , ,       .    ,   ,       ,   ,      .

  ,         ,     .           ,     .   , ,   ,           .           ,     .     ,       ,        . ,   ,    .       ,       ,     .      .  ,      ,      .         ,          ,     .      ,          -    .        , ,      ,    .

         ,               ,      .     ,    ,      ,    ,      ,   .

    ,                  ,     .  ,  ,       .    ,            .             [54 -    ,    (Anomalies of the Motor Apparatus of the Eye, System of Diseases of the Eye),  iv, .154155.]




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notes








1


       (     )        . :     (Rosenau: Preventive Medicine and Hygiene), 3- ., 1917., . 1093.

 ,     ,  ,        ,       . : ,     ,     (Gould: The Cause, Nature and Consequences of Eyestrain, Pop. Sci. Monthly),  1905.

             ,  , ,      .  ,      ,         ,           .     . :      ,     (Scott: The Sacrifice of the Eyes of School Children, Pop. Sci. Monthly),  1907.




2


:     ; ,     (Ford: Details of Military Medical Administration published with the approval of the Surgeon General, U.S. Army, second revised edition),  ,   , 1918., . 498499.




3


    ,   ,          .




4


     (Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom),  XXXVIII, 1918., .130131.




5


:       ,        (Harvard: Manual of Military Hygiene for the Military Services of the United States, published under the authority and with the approval of the Surgeon General),  ,  , , 1917., . 195.




6


         ,      ,     ,      , 1918. (Standards of Physical Examination for the Use of Local Boards, District Boards and Medical Advisory Boards under the Selective Service Regulations, issued through the office of the Provost Marshal General)




7


         ,     , 1917. (Report of the Provost Marshal General to the Secretary of War on the First Draft under the Selective Service Act)




8


             20  1918. (Second Report of the Provost Marshal General to the Secretary of War on the Operations of the Selective Service System)




9


  ?????, muopia  ; : ,       .




10


Archiv. f. Augenh,  IXXIX, 1915.,   Arch. Ophth.,  XIV, 6,  1916.




11


   . metron    ops,   opos  .




12


  a     stigma  .




13


  ,           . . .




14


  (18351908).   ,          .        ,        .




15


  (15711630).  ,   .       ,      .




16


:       (Donders: On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye).       1864., . 10.    (18181889)       ;      .




17


  (. 1846).  ,     1874     ,   .




18


   (On the Mechanism of the Eye), Phil. Tr., London, 1801.




19


      (On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye), .1011.




20


   (18181877).  1846  1851.  ,     .    .




21


    (17871869).  ,       ,     .




22


  (18221855).  .




23


   ,  .  (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik, edited by Nagel), 1909-11.,  I, . 121.




24


   ,  .  (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik, edited by Nagel), 1909-11.,  I, . 122.




25


       (The Refraction and Accommodation of the Eye and their Anomalies),    , 1886., . 151.




26


  (Physiologic Optics),      1904., . 163.     (. 1854)  ,             .        .




27


    (The Hygiene of the Eye in Schools),        1886., . 23.   (18381906)                 .




28


   (Lessons in Elementary Physiology),  , 1872., . 231.




29


      (On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye), . 13.




30


Krankheiten des Auges, 1853-56, . III, D. 219, et seq.




31


Ueber die Ursachen und die Entstehung der Kurzsichtigkeit, 1876, Vorwort.




32


    (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik),  I, . 124  145.




33


    (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik),  I, . 144.




34


  (Physiologic Optics), . 166.




35


 .




36


      (On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye), . 320.




37


Archiv. f. Ophth., 1855.,  III,  1, . 187  .    (18281870)                   XIX .




38


Klin. Montasbl. f. Augenh., Erlangen, 1872.,  X, . 39  .




39


Archiv. f. Ophth., 1873.,  XIX,  3, . 107.




40


:   (Flint: Physiology of Man), 1875.,  V, .110111.




41


:    ,       (Davis: Accommodation in the Lensless Eye, Reports of the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital),  1895.       .




42


    .




43


 1893., . 932.




44


  ,        ,    ,    ,          .  :   (De Schweinitz: Diseases of the Eye),  , 1916., .3536.




45


 .




46


      (On the Anomalies of Accommodation and Refraction of the Eye), . 22.




47


  ,    ,       ,  ,           ,   .   ,     ,        .




48


:  , -   (Bates: The Cause of Myopia, N. Y. Med. Jour.), 16  1912.




49


       () , ,  .           , ,    ,      ,   ,   -         .  -:      ,  .    (Herman Snellen Jr.: Mydriatics and Myotics System of Diseases of the Eye, edited by Norris and Oliver), 18971900.,  II, . 30.




50


        ,           .       :     ,           .        ,    .         ,   .   ,  .        ,   ;    ,  .




51


   ,    ,  1881.,      Deutsche Rundschau. (Eyes and School-Books Pop. Sci. Monthly, May, 1881, translated from Deutsche Rundschau.)




52


Archiv. f. Augenh.,  lxxix, 1915.,   Arch. Ophth.,  xlv, No. 6, 1916.




53


:   (Lancaster: Wearing Glasses), . 15.




54


   ,    (Anomalies of the Motor Apparatus of the Eye, System of Diseases of the Eye),  iv, .154155.


