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FIBROMYALGIA AND CHRONIC MYOFASCIAL PAIN: A SURVIVAL MANUAL

by Devin Starlanyl, Mary Ellen Copeland



Copyright 2001 by Devin Starlanyl, Mary Ellen Copeland, and New Harbinger Publications, 5674 Shattuck Avenue, Oakland, CA 94609.



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1.J. Sheehan, J. McKay, M. Ryan, N. Walsh, and D. OKeefe. 1996. What cost chronic pain? Ir Med J 89(6):218219.

2.D.G. Simons, J.G. Travell and L.S. Simons. 1999. Travell and Simons Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual. Second edition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.

3.J.G. Travell and D.G. Simons. 1983. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, Vol. I. First edition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.




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2.K. Thorson. 1999. Is fibromyalgia a distinct clinical entity? The patients evidence. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 13(3):463467.

3.I.J. Russell. 1999. Is fibromyalgia a distinct clinical entity? The clinical investigators evidence. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 13(3):445454.

4.R.M. Kaplan, S.M. Schmidt and T.A. Cronan. 2000. Quality of well being in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 27(3):785789.

5.F. Wolfe. 1989. Fibromyalgia: the clinical syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 15(1):1-18.

6.V. Morris, S. Cruwys and B. Kidd. 1998. Increased capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia as a marker of abnormal sensory activity in patients with fibromyalgia. Neurosci Lett 250(3):205207.

7.I.J. Russell. 1998. Advances in fibromyalgia: possible role for central neurochemicals. Am J Med Sci 315(6):377384.

8.S. Jacobsen, I.S. Petersen and B. Danneskiold-Samsoe. 1993. Clinical features in patients with chronic muscle painwith special reference to fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 22(2):6976.

9.M.B. Yunus, G.S. Holt, A.T. Masi and J.C. Aldag. 1988. Fibromyalgia syndrome among the elderly. Comparison with younger patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 36(11):987995.

10.D.H. Reiffenberger and L.H. Amundson. 1996. Fibromyalgia syndrome: areview. Am Fam Phys 53(5):16981712.

11.L.H. Sigal, D.J. Chang and V. Sloan. 1998. 18 tender points and the 18 wheeler sign: clues to the diagnosis of fibromyalgia. JAMA 279(6):434.

12.D.G. Simons, J.G. Travell and L.S. Simons. 1999. Travell and Simons Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, Second edition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, p. 17.

13.T.L Yaksh, X.Y. Hua, I. Kalcheva, N. Nozaki-Taguchi and M. Marsala. 1999. The spinal biology in humans and animals of pain states generated by persistent small afferent input. Proc Natl Acad Sci 96(14):76807686.

14.Yunus, M.B., M.A. Kahn, K. K. Rawlings, J.R. Green, J.M. Olson and S. Shah. 1999. Genetic linkage analysis of multicase families with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol 26(2):408412.

15.M.J. Pellegrino, G.W. Waylonis and A. Sommer. 1989. Familial occurrence of primary fibromyalgia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 70(1):6163.

16.R.W. Simms. 1998. Fibromyalgia is not a muscle disorder. Am J Med Sci 315(6):346350.

17.F. Wolfe, J. Anderson, D. Harkness, R.M. Bennett, X.J. Caro, D.L. Goldenberg, I.J. Russel and M.B. Yunus. 1997. Health status and disease severity of fibromyalgia: results of a six-center longitudinal study. Arthritis Rheum 40(9):15711579.

18.R.D. Gerwin. 1999. Differential diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia. J Musculoskel Pain 7(12):209215.

19.Simons, J. G., D. G. Travell, and L. S. Simons. 1999. Op. cit., p.18.

20.B. Evengard, C.G. Nilsson, G. Lindh, L. Lindquist, P. Eneroth, S. Fredrikson, L. Terenius and K.G. Henriksson. 1998. Chronic fatigue syndrome differs from fibromyalgia. No evidence for elevated substance P levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Pain 78(2):153155.

21.L.J. Crofford. 1998. Neuroendocrine findings and patients with fibromyalgia. J Musculoskel Pain 6(3):69.

22.I.J. Russell. 1998. Op. cit.

23.K.P. White, M. Speechley, M. Harth and T. Ostbye. 1999. The London Fibromyalgia Epidemiology Study: Comparing the demographic and clinical characteristics in 100 random community cases of fibromyalgia versus controls. J Rheumatol 26(7):15771585.

24.M. Soppi and E. Beneforti. 1999. Muscular pain in some rheumatic diseases. J Musculoskel Pain 7(12):225229.

25.K.G. Henriksson. 1999. Is fibromyalgia a distinct clinical entity? Pain mechanisms in fibromyalgia syndrome. A myologists view. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 13(3):455461.

26.J. Sorensen, A. Bengtsson, J. Ahlner, K.G. Henriksson, L. Ekselius and M. Bengtsson. 1997. Fibromyalgiaare there different mechanisms in the processing of pain? A double blind crossover comparison of analgesic drugs. J Rheumatol 24(8):16151621.

27.J. Eisinger, D. Starlanyl, F. Blotman, L. Bueno, E. Houvenagle, R. Juvin, P. Kaminsky, K. Lawson, X. Le Loet, J. Lowe, P. Manesse, etal. 2000. [Protocoled  informaionsan on y mesur lesfibromy algiques.] Med i cine du sud-est Lyon Mediterranee Medical. 1:9-11. [French]

28.I.H Wittrup, A. Wiik and B. Danneskiold-Samsoe. 1999. Antibody profile in patients with fibromyalgia compared to healthy controls. J Musculoskel Pain 7(12):273277.

29.M.B. Yunus, F.X. Hussey and J.C. Aldag. 1993. Antinuclear antibodies and connective tissue disease features in fibromyalgia syndrome: acontrolled study. J. Rheumatol 20(9):15571560.

30.P.A Smart, G.W. Waylonis and K.V. Hackinshaw. 1997. Immunologic profile of patients with fibromyalgia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 76(3):231234.

31.R.B. Wilson, O.S. Gluck, J.R. Tesser, J.C. Rice, A. Meyer and A.J. Bridges. 1999. Antipolymer antibody reactivity in a subset of patients with fibromyalgia correlates with severity. J Rheumatol 26(2):402407.

32.D.L. Goldenberg.1989. Psychological symptoms and psychiatric diagnosis in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol Suppl 19:127-30; Merskey, H. 1989. Physical and psychological considerations in the classification of fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol Suppl 19:7279.

33.F.J. Dunne and C.A. Dunne. 1995. Fibromyalgia syndrome and psychiatric disorder. Br J Hosp Med 54(5):194197.

34.T.A. Ahles, S.A. Kahn, M.B. Yunus, D.A. Spiegel and A.T. Masi. 1991. Psychiatric status of patients with primary fibromyalgia, patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and subjects without pain: ablind comparison of DSM  III diagnoses. Am J Psy chi a try 148(112):17211726.

35.F. Wolfe, H.A. Smythe, M.B. Yunus, R.M. Bennett, C. Bombadier, D.L. Goldenberg, et al. 1990. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arth Rheum 33(2):160172.

36.Consensus Document on Fibromyalgia: The Copenhagen Declaration. Issued by the Second World Congress on Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia meeting August 1720, 1992. Published Lancet, vol. 340, Sept. 12, 1992, and incorporated into the World Health Organizations 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD 10, Jan. 1, 1993. Also can be found in the Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain, vol. 1, no. 3/4, 1993.

37.R.M Bennett and S. Jacobsen. 1994. Muscle function and origin of pain in fibromyalgia. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 8(4):721746.

38.A. Bengtsson, K.G. Henriksson and J. Larsson. 1986. Reduced high-energy phosphate levels in the painful muscles of patients with primary fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 29:817821.

39.J.H Park, P. Phothiamat, C.T. Oates, M. Hernanz-Schulman and N.J. Olsen. 1998. Use of P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect metabolic abnormalities in muscles of patients with fibromyalgia. Arth Rheum 41(3):406413.

40.J. Eisinger, A. Plantamura, P.A. Marie and T. Ayavou. 1994. Selenium and magnesium status and fibromyalgia. Magnes Res 7(34):285288.

41.B. Regland, M. Andersson, L. Abrahamsson, J. Bagby, L.E. Dyrehag and C.G. Gottfries. 1997. Increased concentrations of homocysteine in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol 26(4):301307.

42.S.L. Giovengo, I.J. Russell and A.A. Larson. 1999. Increased concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF) in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 26(7):15641569.

43.J.C. Lowe, M.E. Cullum, L.H. Graf, Jr. and J. Yellin. 1997. Mutations in the c-erbA beta gene: do they underlie euthyroid fibromyalgia? Med Hypo 48(2):125135.

44.R.M. Bennett, D.M. Cook, S.R. Clark, C.S. Burckhardt and S.M. Campbell. 1997. Hypothalamic-pituitary-insulin-like growth factor-I axis dysfunction in patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 24(7):13841389.

45.L.A Bradley, A. Sotolongo, K.R. Alberts, G.S. Alarcon, J.M. Mountz, H-G Liu, et al. 1999. Abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in the caudate nucleus among fibromyalgia patients and non-patients is associated with insidious symptom onset. J Musculoskel Pain 7(12):285292.

46.J.M. Mountz, L.A. Bradley and G.S. Alarcon. 1998. Abnormal functional activity of the central nervous system in fibromyalgia syndrome. Am J Med Sci 315(6):385396.

47.G. Johansson, J. Risberg, U. Rosenhall, G. Orndahl, L. Svennerholm and S. Nystrom. 1995. Cerebral dysfunction in fibromyalgia; evidence from regional cerebral blood flow measurements, otoneurological tests and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 91(2):8694.

48.K.P. White, M. Speechley, M. Harth and T. Ostbye. 1999. The London Fibromyalgia Epidemiology Study: direct health care costs of fibromyalgia syndrome in London, Canada. J Rheumatol 26(4):885889.

49.D. Starlanyl. 1998. The Fibromyalgia Advocate. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications. Chapter 2.

50.N.J Olsen and J.H. Park. 1998. Skeletal muscle abnormalities in patients with fibromyalgia. Am J Med Sci 315(6):351358.

51.R.M. Bennett, S.C. Clark and J. Walczyk. 1998. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of growth hormone in the treatment of fibromyalgia. A J Med 104(3):227231.

52.L.A. Morrow, M.B. OBrien, D.E. Moller, J.S. Flier and A.C. Moses. 1994. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I therapy improves glycemic control and insulin action in the type A syndrome of severe insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79(1):205210.

53.W. Grassi, P. Core, G. Corlino, F. Salaffi and C. Cervini. 1994. Capillary permeability in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 21(7):13281331.

54.K. Seers. 1996. The patients experiences of their chronic non-malignant pain. J Adv Nurs 24(6):11601168.

55.G.S. Alarco and L.A. Bradley. 1998. Advances in the treatment of fibromyalgia: current status and future directions. Am J Med Sci 315(6):401.




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1.S.T. Imamura, A.A. Fischer, M. Imamura, M.J. Teixeira, T.Y. Lin, H.S. Kaziyama, et al. 1997. Pain management using myofascial approach when other treatment failed. Myofascial painupdate in diagnosis and treatment. Phys Med Rehab Clin North Am 8(1):179187.

2.P.E. Greenman. 1996. Principles ofManual Medicine. Second edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

3.Ibid.

4.N. Sperelakis (Ed.). 1998. Cell PhysiologySource Book. SecondEdition. SanDiego: AcademicPress, p. 85.

5.Ibid. p. 532.

6.Ibid. p. 79.

7.Ibid. p. 81.

8.Ibid. p. 62.

9.J. Barnes. 1990. Myofascial Release. MFR Seminars, 10 S. Leopard Road, Suite One, Paoli, PA 19301.

10.Ibid.

11.D. Juhan. 1987. Jobs Body. Barrytown, NY: Station Hill Press.

12.Ibid.

13.M. Leahy and L.E. Mock III. 1992. Myofascial release technique and mechanical compromise of peripheral nerves of the upper extremity. Chiro Sports Med 6(4):139140.

14.R.L. Cantu and A.J. Grodin. 1992. Myofascial Manipulation: Theory and Clinical Application. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc.

15.D.G. Simons, J. G. Travell and L.S. Simons. 1999. Travell and Simons Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, Volume I, Second edition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, p. 17.




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3.C-Z. Hong. 1999. Current research on myofascial trigger points: pathophysiological studies. JMusculoskel Pain 7(12):121129.

4.D.GSimons, J.G. Travell and L.S. Simons. 1999. Travell and Simons Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual. Second edition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.

5.J.ECassisi, G.W. Sypert, L.Lagana, E.M. Friedman and M.E. Robinson. 1993. Pain, disability, and psychological functioning in chronic low back pain subgroups: myofascial versus herniated disc syndrome. Neurosurgery 33(3):379385.

6.S.A. Skootsky, B. Jaeger and R.K. Oye. 1989. Prevalence of myofascial pain in general internal medicine practice. West JMed 151(2):157160.

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8.D.R. Hubbard and G.M. Berkoff. 1993. Myofascial trigger points show spontaneous needle EMG activity. Spine 18(13):18031807.

9.R.DGerwin and D. Duranleau. 1997. Ultrasound identification of the myofascial trigger point. Muscle Nerve 20:767768 (letter).

30 Fibromyalgia & Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome

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11.C-Z. Hong. 1996. Pathophysiology of myofascial trigger points. JFormos Med Assoc 92(2):93-104.

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17.I.J. Russell. 1999. Reliability of clinical assessment measures for the classification of myofascial pain syndrome. JMusculoskel Pain 7(12):309324.




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1


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