     
 


        1940.          ,        ,     .              . .      , ,      , , ,       ,             .     .





 

     








                .     .        ,     -    ,    , ,     ;  ,     , ,          ,   , ,         .   ,      ,      ,    :    - ,        ,    ,     .  ,            1940-,              .        ,      ,     ,         ,    ,      .

         , ,  .              .  ,      ,  , , , ,  ,   ..       , :     ,     , , , .  ,   1971- ,     . ,  , -    ,          :    (  )         .      :            .

   ,      ;  ,  , ,   ,     .       , , , , ,   ,          .



. . 
2008.




 I







                .  ,    ,  ,         . ,   (Franz Borkenau), ,     .       (Burt)  ,         (      ),       . .  (J. . Fl?gel); ,     ,    ,   ,    .    ,   - (McDougall),     ;  ,     ,        .

     1939-.          (The Child's Discovery of Death).      ,    ,    ,  ,     .       ;     :        ,        .      ,    .

            , . . ,   (Desmond McCarthy, G.W. Stonier, Rosamond Lehmann)  ,     ,      ,  ,    ,     .          ,        ,    .

    :



    ,         .    ,                 .        ,    



     ,     ,               .    ,    (         );                 , , , . (        ,       ,      .) ,          ,   .


      ,     ,              ,           .

  ,   1965- .,      ,   (Geoffrey Gorer) :  1955- .     ,       .         ,       ,     ,        . ,    1940-,           ,       .   ,        ,      ,   .  ,    ,      , ,  ,          ,     .    ,             ,         .     .   ,          ,    .

  1955-      (The Twentieth Century) ,   ,      - ,       ,    .        ,      ,    ,      ,              ,   : ,    ,   ,  .

    , ,  ,       .   ,                    ,     ,      .         ,     .        ,                    .

  1950-    . . .  (I. . Alexander)  1957-     (American Journal of Psychology)  ,     ? (Is death a matter of indifference?),       ,      .

   ,       ,     .        ,     ,         ,      .   1959- -   (Hermann Feifei)     ,    (The Meaning of Death),       .     ,     ,    ,       .       ,    .

          .  ,     , ,  ,   .    1962-           . . .  (Man and his Destiny in the Great Religions; S. G. F. Brandon)       ,    .  :



     ,          ,          .  ,   ,       ,     ,             ,              [1 - S.G.F. Brandon, Man and his Destiny in the Great Religions, 1962, . 6 (. . . ,        ).].


        , , ,   ,          :    ,      ,        , , ,       ,        .

       ,       ,   .      ,    :



,        .         .           .     ,        , , ,   , 1958 (May, Angel, Ellenberger),      ,   ,   [2 - M. J. Feldman, M. Hersen, Attitudes towards death in nightmare subjects, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1967, 77, 5 (    ,   ).].


      ,   ,       ,    .                 ,      ;          .          ,   ,      -;         . ,        ,              .

   ,            ,   1960- .    ,     . -,              1961-  ,             . -,  1965-         ,    ,       (The World of the Child).  ,  1969-,        , -   (Sula Wolff)       (Children under Stress) ,    ,      (New Society),       1940-.   ,     .      ,       ,   .

     ,     ,                    .     , ,      .       ,       -   ,  ,              .   :   ;  - ,                 ,   . ,       ,          ,                .   (  )    .

    ,   (Arthur Koestler)   ,         .            .    ,   (  )   ,   .      ,          ,     .

   ,      :       .    .

    1965- .  ,       .       ,   ,    -     .      :       ,     ,   -,    .    ,  ,  ,    .               .        , ,   ,    ,   .   ,  , ,     .

      ,    ,               .        .         ,       . -,       ,          ,     ,         .          (19121925. )[3 - . M. D. Stocks, Eleanor Rathbone, 1949 (M. . ,  ).],   ,    ,    ,       [4 - P. Marris, Widows and their Families, 1958 (   ).],     ,     ,        ,   ,     . ,  ,  ,   ,      .       ,    .

,        .  ,   .



 .  廅   ,       .    .         .   .       ,   ,    .   ,  [5 - . ,  .].


   .      ,         ,     .       ,        .        (Monmouthshire),              (Rhondda).      ,         .        ,           .          ,         ,      ,   .     ?     ,        ,        .

       ,     [6 - E. Waugh, The Loved One, 1948 ().]    [7 - J. Mitford, The American Way of Death, 1963 (  ).],      ,    . ,       ,    , ,   ,  ,  ,   .        ,             .    ,           , ,   ,     ,    ,  , ,   ,              .



  ,       ,       -,            ,     ,     .            ,       .           .      ,           (Sutton )   ,               .

,   ,        . ,           .          ,         ,  ,     ,          .

,        ,        .    ,  ,   ,     homo sapiens   ,         [8 - D. . . Garrod & D. M. A. Bate (. 1), . D. McCown & A. Keith (. 2), The Stone Age of Mount Carmel, 1937, 1939 (   ).].           ,    :



 ,   ,      ,          ,        ,   ,   .      ,   ,       Homo Sapiens,   [9 - R. R. Marett, Faith, Hope and Charity in Primitive Religion, 1932, . 25 (,      )].


,        -;  ,            . ,   , ,      ,                  ,  ,    ,  ,          ,    .          ,         ,  :   .

        .   ,    ,   , ,     .  (Hastings),  ,        ,   .   ,        .  ,         ,       ,    ,                        [10 - J. Hastings, Death, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, 1908 (,    ).].

       ,    .        [11 - S. Ferenczi, The problem of the acceptance of unpleasant ideas, Further Contributions to Psychoanalysis, 1926 ( ,    ,    ).].            . ,       .           ,      ,     ,     :    ,

		   
		   ,
		  ;    [12 - . . , ,  . .].

      ,       , ,     .   ,  ,     (Frankfort), : ,         ,     ,           ,   .  ,     ,     .

               (Comte)           -.      (Claude Bernard)    , ,            -      ,        .



     .       ,  .       ,                  ,  - [13 - . Bernard, Philosophie; .  Chevalier (.), 1937.].


 ,  ,   ,    ;      ,         ,   ,     .

     ,           ,           ,  .

    ,       ,           ?      ,  ,       : [14 - S. Reinach, Orpheus, 1960 ().].         ,      ,       ,        .   ,  :



       ,           ,       .  ,  ,             ,     [15 - . . ,  .].


 ,   ,    ,        . .  (Stanley Hall, J. M. Baldwin).   ,     ,    , ,    .     .   (Margaret Mead)  1954- ., ,  ,    -       .  ,   ,  ,    ,        ,          .                    [16 - . Mead, Research on primitive children; L. Carmichael (.), Manual of Child Psychology, 1954 (  ;    ).].

, ,       ; ,   ,     .   ,    ,         -   ,       ,         ,      .       ,     .      .




 II

?





               .    .         ,        ,              , , ,   - .        ,       ,       .          ,             ?

   ,       ,      ,           ,    ,      .           .             - .    -     ,    [17 - . , . .   .,   , ., , 1984, . 35.].

,                  .       (  ,     )   ,     ,      : .      -,  , .

    (Piaget),     ,    ,          ,    .       ,     ,      ,      :     ,     ,     ,       ,  .

   ,   ,   ,         ,  ,        ,   ,     .      ,   ,       ,   .     ,  ,       ,   ,    ,   [18 - . , ,   , -, 1998, . 49.].    ( ),   , ,        ;        , , -,    ,          .          ,  ,        ,     .

      .             ,                .     ,              .     , , ,    :



[ 1][19 -        [].      ;      ,           .     ,     .]  6:15   (5 . 10.)   ,   ,           ,   ,        (  ).    ,       .


         .   ,    ,              :   ,   ,    []        [20 - A. Heidel, The Gilagamesh epic and Old Testament Parallels, 1946, . 139 (. ,        ).].          ;        ,         .

          ,    ,   .    :



[ 2]  (5 . 1.) ,             .     ,  ,      ..  : .: , ,   [.. ],  , ? .:    ? .: , ? .:  . .:   [  .] , -   .    ,       .          ,    .       .


 [21 - S. Isaacs, The Social Development of Young Children, 1930, . 161 (   ).]       ,      ,    ,  , , ,              ,   [22 - C. G. Jung, The Development of Personality, 1954 ( ).]. ,      ,  ,          ,         .

      ,        .      , , ,  :   .        ,         .             .          [23 - , . , . 51.].     ,      ,   , ,   ; ,       .. ,     . ,    ,     ,            ,   [24 - , , -, 2004; III, 38  IV, 26.].

     :



[ 3]  (6 . 4.):       ? (    .) .:    .  ,   , .     ,    . .:   ,   ,      ,    ,      ?


        .         ,        , , ,       .         ,   ,   .   ,          .               .      ;     ,         . [  ]     ,      , ,        ,      ,        ,     ,    [25 - S. Cole, The Prehistory of East Africa, 1954, . 107 (. ,     ).].



[ 1][26 -    ,     ,      [] ( ).      ,     ,     .]   .  (V. Rasmussen)     S (6 . 8.),    :       , ,   ,       .



        .       ,  - ,  ,  ,  ;    ,   [27 -  ,           (. .).]  ,      [28 -  18, 910; 2-   16, 3; 21, 6; 2 28, 3;  57, 5;  7, 31; 19, 39; 32, 3036;  23, 3639;  6, 7. .  S. A. Cook, Israel before the Prophets, Cambridge Ancient History, . 3, . 9 (. . ,   ,     ).].      ,         ,         ,  ,  ,      [29 - 4-   21, 36 (. .).].    ,         , -,   ,  , ,    .

    .          [30 -  20, 26 (. .).].             :     ,     ,       .



       ;   ,    ;      [31 -  13, 13 (,          ,  , ,     . .).].


[32 - . . ,  , ,   , 1986.] ,    ,       ,     , , , ,   .     , -,   .         .                ; ,  ,  ,  ,   .        2-  ..[33 - W. R. Holiday, The religion and Mythology of the Greeks, Cambridge Ancient History, . 3, . 22 (. . ,    ,     ).];      ,   ().  ,             ,      .

                       [34 -  22,1;   11, 3040.].

          ,      . ,     ,           ,     , [35 -   .     ,         .      ,            ,      ,      ,  , ,          (. .).]     ,   ,       [36 -       ,   ,  ;  ,   (Gibbon),  ,               ,           [530533. ..]. Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1776, . 44 (    ).].      ,      .  ,    ,       .

      ?   .   ,  -       ,    :



[ 4]  (4. 11.): ,  ,   , ? .: . .:    ? ?


,   , :   ,    , ,  ,  ,        , ,   ,     :

		    ,
		    ,
		,     ,
		     .

     .

                  .



[ 5]  (3. 4.)     ;  ,       ,      ,  ,   ,     . .:     . .: ,    . .: ,  ,    - . .:     .


    ,        ,      ;  , :



[ 6]  (3. 4.):    ,    ,    ?


                .    ,  (, )  ,    ,   ,       ,          .           ;       .  ,        ,       ,     ,           ,    ,   ,       [37 -  8, 716.].       ,      ,   ,      ,   .

          ,     ,       ,     [38 - . . , . ; ,  vi, 136148, 205209 (,  ,  , ., 1994).].          [39 -       . . ,   , ., 1999.].  ,      ,             [40 - . .  (H. E. Butler)      vi (Introduction to Aeneid Book vi) ,           ;     ,     ,        .].      ,                  , ,       .

          ,               .  . .  (G. . Hopkins)   ,   ,    ;    , /    ,  ,      ,   :

		    , ,
		 ,   ,
		 ,   
		,   ,    ;
		   ,
		   ,    [41 - ,   (. .).].

        ,    ,        ,    :



[ 7]  (9 . 2.),         :  ,       .


             ,           .   ,          ,           , ,       .    V,           ,  VIII.

            :



[ 8]  (3. 11.):     ;       .


  ,       .      ,        .          ,      ;   , -,     ,   ,        ,    .        ,       ,     .           ;              ,       .  ,      ,             ,   ;  ,       ,  ,  .           , , ,    .           ,          ,         .

          [42 - S. G. F. Brandon, Man and his Destiny in the Great Religions, 1962, . 4 (. . . ,       ).    ,       ,    , ,  ,         .]    ;            .          (, , )        ; ,         .   ,           . ,      ,   ;       .       ,    . ,            ,   ,       .     :

		    ?
		,   ,
		   ,
		  ,    ,
		     [43 -   10, 2021 (. .).]

    ;    ,        .      ,    ,   .     ,  [44 -  37, 114 (. .).].  :        ,    ,      [45 -  12, 2 (. .).].              ..[46 - 2- . , xii; . , . , . 137.]     ..       ,      ,     .

 ,  ,   ,    ,         ; ,    ,  ,     ,    ,          .  ,       ,        ,      ,   ,     ,    .  ,    ,     , -,     .




 III

 





 ,          ,    ,        ,         ,        ?

,  ,              , , ,   [47 - . ,   , ., 1999 (R. B. Onians, The Origins of European Thought about the Body, the Soul, the World, Time and Fate, 1954).].  ,         ,   ,   , ,    ,     ,    .    :      ,    ,             .     ,  , ,         ,         .

        ,     .               ,   ,     . -,              .

    ,  ,     ,  [48 -    ,            (. .).],   (   ) ,      ,        .

    .         .   ,    ,  .         ,     ,   ,      ,   .        ,  ,    200       .    ,                ,      ,       .   ,              .             ,      ,     ,   ,   ,   ;            .

.   ,                 ,   ; ,  :   ,       ,       ,     . ,  ,     ,         ,   ,           ,  ,   ,   .   ,   , ,                  ;                   . ,           , :            ;  ; ,       ;      .

          :       ;         ,   ; ,        ,   .   ,            .

,  , ,     ,   ;          ,  .   ,     .   ,   ,  -         -,      . ,   :  , !  ,  ,     ,   : !     ,   , ,     (Durham)    ,   ;         ,  ,     (Wurtemberg),       ,    :  !,  , ,    ,    (Tiberius),          [49 - W. Henderson, Folklore of the Northern Counties, 1879 (. ,   ).].

  ,     ,   , ![50 - Bless you!      ! (. .).]      :



[ 9]:  (6 . 7.)     ;    ;  . .: ,         . .:     ? .:     . (          .)    .   .    .


         [ 6] (   )   [ 7] (     ).    廠    ,  ,  ,    -  ,      [51 - , . .].       .          ,    ;       .

          ; ,    , ,     -   [52 -  , . 189   (1954).].      ,     ,  . -,      ,    ,        .  ,      ,     :              .       (Gustav Fechner).    ,       .   , ,       .   :   ,   ;        ,    - [53 - I. Hermann, A study of G. T. Fechner,   Psychoanalytic Review (   . . ,  ), 24, 1937.].

          .  [ 2],         .          ,   ( N)       .       ,   ,       ,       .       ,   ,      ,      ,    [54 - . .].



[ 10]  (8 . 10.)   (5 . 8.)     ,       ; .     ,        ,  .  .  -,   , ,   ,      . . , ,   ,        . .:    ,   . . :   ,  - ,   . . :  ,     -  ,     ,      .


  ,                , , ,    ,              .    ,  廠     ,    1914-[55 - R. Brooke, 1914 and Other Poems, 1917 (. , 1914   ).].       :

		    ,
		 ,    ![56 -  12 ( . ).]

       .       :

		:
		     ,
		  ,   :
		    .

		:
		   ,  !
		     :
		    , !
		    ,
		        .
		     ,
		  :   
		 ,    .
		,    ,   :
		 ,     ?[57 - , , . . ,   , ., , 1989.]

     ,       [58 -  (Diderot),   J. Baillie, The Belief in Progress, 1950 (. ,   ).]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/silviya-entoni/otkrytie-smerti-v-detstve-i-pozdnee-2/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


S.G.F. Brandon, Man and his Destiny in the Great Religions, 1962, . 6 (. . . ,        ).




2


M. J. Feldman, M. Hersen, Attitudes towards death in nightmare subjects, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1967, 77, 5 (    ,   ).




3


. M. D. Stocks, Eleanor Rathbone, 1949 (M. . ,  ).




4


P. Marris, Widows and their Families, 1958 (   ).




5


. ,  .




6


E. Waugh, The Loved One, 1948 ().




7


J. Mitford, The American Way of Death, 1963 (  ).




8


D. . . Garrod & D. M. A. Bate (. 1), . D. McCown & A. Keith (. 2), The Stone Age of Mount Carmel, 1937, 1939 (   ).




9


R. R. Marett, Faith, Hope and Charity in Primitive Religion, 1932, . 25 (,      )




10


J. Hastings, Death, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, 1908 (,    ).




11


S. Ferenczi, The problem of the acceptance of unpleasant ideas, Further Contributions to Psychoanalysis, 1926 ( ,    ,    ).




12


. . , ,  . .




13


. Bernard, Philosophie; .  Chevalier (.), 1937.




14


S. Reinach, Orpheus, 1960 ().




15


. . ,  .




16


. Mead, Research on primitive children; L. Carmichael (.), Manual of Child Psychology, 1954 (  ;    ).




17


. , . .   .,   , ., , 1984, . 35.




18


. , ,   , -, 1998, . 49.




19


       [].      ;      ,           .     ,     .




20


A. Heidel, The Gilagamesh epic and Old Testament Parallels, 1946, . 139 (. ,        ).




21


S. Isaacs, The Social Development of Young Children, 1930, . 161 (   ).




22


C. G. Jung, The Development of Personality, 1954 ( ).




23


, . , . 51.




24


, , -, 2004; III, 38  IV, 26.




25


S. Cole, The Prehistory of East Africa, 1954, . 107 (. ,     ).




26


   ,     ,      [] ( ).      ,     ,     .




27


 ,           (. .).




28


 18, 910; 2-   16, 3; 21, 6; 2 28, 3;  57, 5;  7, 31; 19, 39; 32, 3036;  23, 3639;  6, 7. .  S. A. Cook, Israel before the Prophets, Cambridge Ancient History, . 3, . 9 (. . ,   ,     ).




29


4-   21, 36 (. .).




30


 20, 26 (. .).




31


 13, 13 (,          ,  , ,     . .).




32


. . ,  , ,   , 1986.




33


W. R. Holiday, The religion and Mythology of the Greeks, Cambridge Ancient History, . 3, . 22 (. . ,    ,     ).




34


 22,1;   11, 3040.




35


  .     ,         .      ,            ,      ,      ,  , ,          (. .).




36


      ,   ,  ;  ,   (Gibbon),  ,               ,           [530533. ..]. Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1776, . 44 (    ).




37


 8, 716.




38


. . , . ; ,  vi, 136148, 205209 (,  ,  , ., 1994).




39


      . . ,   , ., 1999.




40


. .  (H. E. Butler)      vi (Introduction to Aeneid Book vi) ,           ;     ,     ,        .




41


,   (. .).




42


S. G. F. Brandon, Man and his Destiny in the Great Religions, 1962, . 4 (. . . ,       ).    ,       ,    , ,  ,         .




43


  10, 2021 (. .).




44


 37, 114 (. .).




45


 12, 2 (. .).




46


2- . , xii; . , . , . 137.




47


. ,   , ., 1999 (R. B. Onians, The Origins of European Thought about the Body, the Soul, the World, Time and Fate, 1954).




48


   ,            (. .).




49


W. Henderson, Folklore of the Northern Counties, 1879 (. ,   ).




50


Bless you!      ! (. .).




51


, . .




52


 , . 189   (1954).




53


I. Hermann, A study of G. T. Fechner,   Psychoanalytic Review (   . . ,  ), 24, 1937.




54


. .




55


R. Brooke, 1914 and Other Poems, 1917 (. , 1914   ).




56


 12 ( . ).




57


, , . . ,   , ., , 1989.




58


 (Diderot),   J. Baillie, The Belief in Progress, 1950 (. ,   ).


