-         XX 
 


   / Contemporary Western Rusistika
          fin de siecle, ,    ,    XX .      -         XX  ,  ,          ,                  .  , , ,   :    ,       .

  PDF A4    .





 

-         XX 



Frank Jakob

The Russo-Japanese War and its Shaping of the Twentieth Century



Routledge, London / New York 2018



    








 Frank Jakob, text, 2018

 Authorised translation from the English language edition published by Routledge, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group

 M. . ,   , 2022  Academic Studies Press, 2022

   .  , 2022




1.


-      ,         <>       ,    ,       .

 , 1  1904 [1 - URL: http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1904/05/01.htm (http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1904/05/01.htm) ( : 28.10.2021).]

-        , ,        XX  [Kowner 2007: 4].      ,     . ,        :   [Nish 20056: 12],     [Hildebrand 2005:28]     [2 -         (. [Steinberg et al. 2005]),       .    .  [Steinberg 2008: 2]. .  [Kowner 2007: 4].                 (. [Shigeru I960]).].     ,        [Steinberg 2008:3],   ,        .    ,   ,         [Kowner 2007: I][3 -       . . [Kowner 2001:20].],          [Thorson 1944: 305].       ,     [4 -      ,      ,                 . . [Nish 20056: 11].                  [Yamamura 2005].  ,            [Wada 20092010].],       ,  19041905      ,   ,       

          ,     ,            [Kowner 2007: 2; Thorson 1944: 306].  ,        ,            .            ,        .                 .                 [Schim-melpenninck van der Oye 2008a: 82; Shimazu 2008: 34].        ,          ,      ,      .  ,             [5 -       - , , 15  1904 . BArch MArch RM 5/5777. .  [Shimazu 2008: 34; Wolff 2008: 73].].

    -  [6 - . [A British Officer 1911; Miller 1904; Bird 1909; Negrier 1906]     .]   ,         [7 - . [  . 19071918; -  19101913].].         ,                   [Hitsman, Morton 1970: 82].    ,  ,           ;  ,           .  ,         ,            [Towle 1998: 19][8 -         :          ,                [Towle 1998: 20].].    ,          ,        ,   ,        [A British Officer 1911: 509],       :



                    ,  -  19041905 .             .         ,         .       ,              ,        [Military Correspondent 1905: 1].


       [Towle 1998: 19],            [9 -          . [ 2016].].

        - ,     ,    :  [10 -   -    ,     ,   1930- ,     . .      : . 1/23. ,   30-   - ,     , 27  1935 .     , 04012288800;      : . 1/13. ,   30-   -     , 15  1935 .     , 04012287800.].    [Kennan 1979: 3]  ,         ,     ,         [Kowner 2007: 3; Kusber 1994: 220].        [Cohen 2010: 388]  ,       .    -      :    [11 - . [Higashi 2008; Numata 2004; Tsuchiya 2012; Yomiura 2005].    ,   ,     . ., , [Shimomura 1966].]       [12 - . [Hoga 2015; Matsuo 2015; Muraoka 2014]     .]. ,      [13 - . [Shimazu 2009]     .  .  [Warner, Warner 2004],       .        [Jukes 2002].].     ,    ,  [14 -    [Kusber 1994: 217; Seligmann 2007: 109123]      - ,        .   [Ito 2014]         ,        -   .],          ,     -  [Steinberg 2008: 1].       -     [Howland 2011: 53; Kato 2007: 9596],               ,   [15 - . [Yomiuri 2005; Gunjishi Gakkai 20042005; Nakanishi, Naraoka 2005; Yokote 2005].             . . [Kreiner 2005; Sprotte et al. 2007; Inaba, Saaler 2005; Steinberg 20056; Kowner 20076].]. -      XX       ,        .     , ,    ,  -          [ 1909:42].       .   ,       ,            ! [ 1909: 38].               [Hitsman, Morton 1970: 83][16 -     ,    ,   . . [Suzuki 1905: 11271128].].            :



  :

   47 387

   11 500

,   161 925

    220 812[17 -   [Japanese Losses 1906].]



,        ,    ,       [Hildebrand 2005: 34].      ,          [Towle 19806: 25].      , ,        [Hitsmann 1970: 82].

       :



 ,      ,      .     ,       ,    ,  ,  ,  .       ,      .      ,       . <>

    .       45     ,        ,        ,    ,    [ 1909: 141142; Sakurai 1907:41].


     ,     70  [ 1909: 142]. ,     ,  ,      .     ,   ,    600 000     18 .      ,        ,    ,    ,    .

  ,           [Kowner 2007: 4],   ,        ,   ,      .    ,  -        ,         ,   , , ,    [Kowner 2007: 5].   ,     .  [Otte 2007: 91],   ,        - .

   ,        , ,   ,    [18 - . [Edstrom 1989: 89; Iriye 1989: 768; Otte 2007; Duus 2007; Duus 1983: 154].      . . [Nakayama 1957]. .  [Kowner 2007: 43].].           ,              .              .     1894 ,         ,        [Howland 2011: 54; Kowner 2001: 19; Lensen 1962: 337].         ,  :          ,          ,         ,        [Wolff 2008: 440].          ,      .         ,     18                  [Lone 1998: 7].

      18941895 ,    ,              [Lensen 1966: 245].      (   [19 -     10  1904 , ,       :   ,        ,   ,   .   ,          ,     .      .   . URL: https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/nichiro/sensen_ (https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/nichiro/sensen_) syousyo_05.htm ( : 16.10.2021).])        [Nish 20056: 13; Treves 1904: 1396],        .       ,              [Hildebrand 2005: 36][20 -     . [Linhart 2005; Wei Tchen, Yeats 2014; Thompson 1978; Wu 1982].].        (18561918)[21 -   . [Perras 2004].]    :



           , -   .   ,             .

<>  ,         ,   .         .      ,                 [Peters 19446: 345346].


      .             [Sareen 2007: 239].      -       [Laffan 2007: 220221].      XIX   ,     -                 [Roxby 1920: 142],       .

     -   , ,    ,       ,         [Bartlett 2008: 9].           [Jacob 2014]     ,  -       ,      XX .        ,    ,      19041905     [Chang 1974: 321]. -       ,        .                       [22 - - -         , , 18  1904 . BArch MArch, RM 5/5777.],          ,    ,         [Bartlett 2008: 8; Nish 20056: 13][23 - . : ,        , 5  1904 ,         ,   54 //  ,   . URL: https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/nichiro/komura_telegram_txt.htm (https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/nichiro/komura_telegram_txt.htm) ( : 16.10.2021).     ,     .      11  1904   :    ,           .].       ,            .  1909   .            :



       ,      .   ,                   ,      .      ,   ,      ,      ,  ,  ,   ,     [Bird 1909:64].


           ,    ,      .      (18641919)       -  ,       [Hildebrand 2005: 43].       -     ,          .

        .     (18581919)                 [Esthus 1966: 3841]. -        .            ,        [Esthus 1966: 3], ,   ,    - [Steinberg 2008: 56; Togo 2008: 158].           ,     ,      :



 50            .   ,    ,   .  ,          ,                          [Military Correspondent 1905: 2].


    ,      ,  ,       [Kowner 2007: 13],     ,   ,       ,    .             ,      -    (18411920)        [Towle 1998: 2425].            ,  -   1902         [Nish 1966].  , ,                ,       ,         1904  -  [Hildebrand 2005: 29, 40].

         ,        - ,   1892 ,       ,       .  ,      (18151898)[24 -    ,      , . [Schmidt 2004].],   ;    -          .           ,         [Ebersprae-cher 2007: 290].   ,   :            .     ,    [Otte 2007: 105].        1905 .  [25 -       .  .]  ,      - , , ,                 .

        - .          ,          .       ,      .     :        -           ,    .       ;        ,         1904    1905 .

      -     .          ,   ,   ,    ,    19041905 . ,          ,       ,              ,    ,    ,         .

, ,      .          ,    -       .       1905   :    22  1905       .     ,     ,    1905      ,  -       ,       1917 ,         .  ,        ,          XX .

     -    .       ,        ,       .                  ,         .         ,      .                          . , -    ,         1941 .

          .     ,            [26 -        . [Hitsman, Morton 1970: 82].].         (18491929)    II (18881918)              .  ,        .         ,             .       ,     - ,           (Bundesarchiv)      (Milit-ararchiv)  ,            (Auswartiges Amt)[27 - . GP.      .      19.1  19.2,  - .].   1914     ,     .     ,     1905 ,   Deutsche Zeitung  4  1914     ,     :         - ,   ,        [28 - Deutsche Zeitung. 561. 04.11.1914. BArch R8034-H/8171.].  , -          XX .

         -    ,   ,     ;   ,   ;       ;      ,  ,  ;      ,              .




2.-      



      - : []      :    [Nish 2005: 45]. ,  ,     [Goldfrank2005: 88],            .         ,   ,       [Steinberg 2005: 105].             .  . ,          ,   1792  [Auslin 2005: 3].   XVIII           .        1802      .           1804  18131821 [29 -          .  [Zadornov, Shoji 19771982].].

   XIX ,         (18531856),     ,  II (18681918)  1894       ,        [Snow 1998: 44].  1853     ,     . .  (18041883)           .  (17941858). 2 1855        . ,     .          ,   . .  (18091881).  1861       ,      ,            [Auslin 2005: 1314].  1875       ,            .       1873    [Jacob 20146: 1724],         1876 ,     ,      .         ,  ,         .

      .   1880-         ,   1891     ,          ,             [Cloman 1906: 53].         ,    [30 -      .  [Wagner 1990].]       . -  18941895 ,          [Auslin 2005: 20],      .    1895            .           ,             .               23  1895 [31 -         ,     - . . [Kurosawa 2014].].        - [Lone 1994: 173175],            ,        .        ,          [32 - . [Auslin 2005:21; Der Russisch-Japanische Krieg 1904:2; Nish 1985:28; Schim-melpennick van der Oye 2005: 26].].

,     ,    ,      49,2%    81,8%  1904  [Kreiner 20056:57][33 - .  [Pinon 1905:295].        ,       . . [Sisemore 2003: 9].]. ,   ,            .   . .  (18491915) [Wcislo 2011] ,                 [Schimmelpenninck van der  2005: 29].     ,        - .               .  1896                .        -   (),    ,   -   (),    -.   II     ,       .       ,               , ,  -  ,  1898      -.  ,     ,      .  ,       -,     ,      [Schimmelpenninck van der  2005: 2332; Sisemore 2003: 56][34 -    . [Menning 2005: 138].].

      .       (18991901)     ,        .        ,             ,      . 8 1902     ,             18 .      ,    8  1902      ,        .     1903      1903    .       ,          ,           [Goldfrank 2005: 91; Nish 2005: 51; Schimmelpennick van der  2005: 38].      ,                 :  -  1902    ,            [Kennedy 1924: 300301][35 -   VII, 18.04.1904,  , FO 800/134. . : [Otte 2007:94].].

 ,      (18531947),      ,        ,  -  1892  [Chapman 2004: 2021; Ferguson 2010: 523]. , -       [Ferguson 2010: 524].     ,   ,                  [McDonald 1900: 2-20].    , -           [Towle 1980: 44].       ;  ,        .    ,   1904   ,      ,         -    (18481930) [Chapman 2004: 2122].          ,     ,  ,       ,     ,   [Brooke 1905: 36; Falls 1967: 172; Ferguson 2010: 525].     ,      ,           [36 -            , .  , 25.02.1904. Bridge Papers BRI/17, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. . no: [Ferguson 2010: 525];  . . .     , 02.06.1903. DAQMG, WO 106/48, The National Archive. . : [Ferguson 2010: 526];    , 28.03.1904. Hamilton Papers 3/2/3. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, Kings College, London. . no: [Ferguson 2010:527].].          ,         [ 2000: 10].   ,          ,    [37 - Russische Konserven  Schlessische Zeitung, 813, 18.11.1904. BArch R 8034-H/8170, 11.],            .

                ,            ,   ,  ,       [Otte 2007: 96].     ,  -    (18481913)      [Tokutomi 1917: 10551057].   ()   (18381922)      ,             [ 1966: 196197][38 -      (18551911)    . . [Honda 1941: 246263].]. ,       -   (18411909),          [ 1981: 6; Matsumoto 1914: 657].   ,      ,       ,       -     ,      -             -   [Nish 2005: 55; Schimmelpennick van der  2005: 3437].

 12  1903        . .  (18431917),     ,        ,      [Schimmelpennick van der  2005: 39].        ,  1903       .              ,            ,  4  1904        [39 -     .  [Teramoto 2008: 3334].].             ,           .  1898                . .  (18531931)[40 -   .  [Lukoianov 2005: 6768].]       5000  .       .        .           ,             [41 - . [Lukoianov 2005: 7071; Nish 2005: 46, 57; Schimmelpennick van der  2005: 38; Teramoto 2008: 30].].   1903             ,     : ,            .         [42 -   45    , , 11.12.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763.].       . .  (18451907)     ,        .     1903 ,      II     .        [Lukoianov 2005: 7983].       ,    ,      , ,    ,      [Nish 2005: 57],        .

           ,        ,    .          (Man-Kan kokan),     1896 ,    [Schimmelpennick van der  2005: 3940].                ,        ,      ,   (    )    ,     [Der Russisch-Japanische Krieg 1904: 1].   1901        ,      -,         1904 [43 -       .  [Asakawa 1904: 294348].         .  [Chiba 1996: 289321].].

      ,        .     ,         .    -     (18361913)          ,       ,     [44 -        . -, 24.12.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763.],         ,         ,             [Kato 2007:101].               ,  ,         [45 -         (18621948),   69/03, , 26.11.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763;  :       . , 05.12.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763.].         (18621948)     1903    ,        :  ,      ,          ,   .        8  [46 -        ,   69/03, , 26.11.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763.].   1904             -.           (18481934)  ,   ,     .

      -                - .    ,               [Schimmelpennick van der  2005: 26].     ,            ,             .          ,       [Spance 2004: 9-10].      -      [Bellivaire 2007: 129],                         .            ,           [Bartlett 2008:8; Shimazu 2008: 3637].        :    ,  , : ,      . <>         ,         [ 1909: 89].

     ,      ,  ,     .     ,   ,          [Howland 2011: 5965][47 -        . [Sunhan 2005].].        ,      ,      ,          ,            [Kato 2005:3475;  2003: 612627].       ,      [Rey 1906:].  , , ,   Miinchner Neueste Nachrichten  (),  :



 ,  ,       .          ,        ,              [48 - Der japanisch-russische Krieg  Miinchner Neueste Nachrichten, 23.10.1904.  Arch R 8034-11/8170.].


   ,      ,        .                1904 :



          ,   . <> ,           ;  ,               ; ,            [49 -        , .  23/04, , 17.03.1904. BArch MArch RM 5/5766.].


      :



    ,            .          , ,     . <>      ,      .   [50 -  .].


       [Guodong 2014: 1536],          -   ,               [51 -      -      . , 13.02.1904. BArch MArch RM 5/5774;        . , 31.05.1904. BArch MArch RM 5/5774.].      ,  ,     ,       ,               [Wolff 2005: 327328].      ,     ,         .  ,                 ,      [52 - Taglische Rundschau. 393. 23.08.1904. BArch R 8034-11/8170.].

    . .  (18481925).       ,            .     -      [ 2008: 52; Steinberg 2005: ].     ,                  ,     ,  ,     [Der Rus-sisch-Japanische Krieg 1904:64][53 - .  [Goltz 1906: 192; Menning 2005: 145; Military Correspondent 1905: 8990].].          (18641941):



      300 000        .      1000        300   10   .       ,     [54 -      - -  . , -, 20.06.1904. BArch MArch RM 5/5776.]





  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=68362174)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


URL: http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1904/05/01.htm (http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1904/05/01.htm) ( : 28.10.2021).




2


        (. [Steinberg et al. 2005]),       .    .  [Steinberg 2008: 2]. .  [Kowner 2007: 4].                 (. [Shigeru I960]).




3


      . . [Kowner 2001:20].




4


     ,      ,                 . . [Nish 20056: 11].                  [Yamamura 2005].  ,            [Wada 20092010].




5


      - , , 15  1904 . BArch MArch RM 5/5777. .  [Shimazu 2008: 34; Wolff 2008: 73].




6


. [A British Officer 1911; Miller 1904; Bird 1909; Negrier 1906]     .




7


. [  . 19071918; -  19101913].




8


        :          ,                [Towle 1998: 20].




9


         . [ 2016].




10


  -    ,     ,   1930- ,     . .      : . 1/23. ,   30-   - ,     , 27  1935 .     , 04012288800;      : . 1/13. ,   30-   -     , 15  1935 .     , 04012287800.




11


. [Higashi 2008; Numata 2004; Tsuchiya 2012; Yomiura 2005].    ,   ,     . ., , [Shimomura 1966].




12


. [Hoga 2015; Matsuo 2015; Muraoka 2014]     .




13


. [Shimazu 2009]     .  .  [Warner, Warner 2004],       .        [Jukes 2002].




14


   [Kusber 1994: 217; Seligmann 2007: 109123]      - ,        .   [Ito 2014]         ,        -   .




15


. [Yomiuri 2005; Gunjishi Gakkai 20042005; Nakanishi, Naraoka 2005; Yokote 2005].             . . [Kreiner 2005; Sprotte et al. 2007; Inaba, Saaler 2005; Steinberg 20056; Kowner 20076].




16


    ,    ,   . . [Suzuki 1905: 11271128].




17


  [Japanese Losses 1906].




18


. [Edstrom 1989: 89; Iriye 1989: 768; Otte 2007; Duus 2007; Duus 1983: 154].

      . . [Nakayama 1957]. .  [Kowner 2007: 43].




19


    10  1904 , ,       :   ,        ,   ,   .   ,          ,     .      .   . URL: https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/nichiro/sensen_ (https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/nichiro/sensen_) syousyo_05.htm ( : 16.10.2021).




20


    . [Linhart 2005; Wei Tchen, Yeats 2014; Thompson 1978; Wu 1982].




21


  . [Perras 2004].




22


- -         , , 18  1904 . BArch MArch, RM 5/5777.




23


. : ,        , 5  1904 ,         ,   54 //  ,   . URL: https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/nichiro/komura_telegram_txt.htm (https://www.jacar.go.jp/english/nichiro/komura_telegram_txt.htm) ( : 16.10.2021).     ,     .      11  1904   :    ,           .




24


   ,      , . [Schmidt 2004].




25


      .  .




26


       . [Hitsman, Morton 1970: 82].




27


. GP.      .      19.1  19.2,  - .




28


Deutsche Zeitung. 561. 04.11.1914. BArch R8034-H/8171.




29


         .  [Zadornov, Shoji 19771982].




30


     .  [Wagner 1990].




31


        ,     - . . [Kurosawa 2014].




32


. [Auslin 2005:21; Der Russisch-Japanische Krieg 1904:2; Nish 1985:28; Schim-melpennick van der Oye 2005: 26].




33


.  [Pinon 1905:295].        ,       . . [Sisemore 2003: 9].




34


   . [Menning 2005: 138].




35


  VII, 18.04.1904,  , FO 800/134. . : [Otte 2007:94].




36


           , .  , 25.02.1904. Bridge Papers BRI/17, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. . no: [Ferguson 2010: 525];  . . .     , 02.06.1903. DAQMG, WO 106/48, The National Archive. . : [Ferguson 2010: 526];    , 28.03.1904. Hamilton Papers 3/2/3. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, Kings College, London. . no: [Ferguson 2010:527].




37


Russische Konserven  Schlessische Zeitung, 813, 18.11.1904. BArch R 8034-H/8170, 11.




38


     (18551911)    . . [Honda 1941: 246263].




39


    .  [Teramoto 2008: 3334].




40


  .  [Lukoianov 2005: 6768].




41


. [Lukoianov 2005: 7071; Nish 2005: 46, 57; Schimmelpennick van der  2005: 38; Teramoto 2008: 30].




42


  45    , , 11.12.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763.




43


      .  [Asakawa 1904: 294348].         .  [Chiba 1996: 289321].




44


       . -, 24.12.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763.




45


        (18621948),   69/03, , 26.11.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763;  :       . , 05.12.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763.




46


       ,   69/03, , 26.11.1903. BArch MArch RM 5/5763.




47


       . [Sunhan 2005].




48


Der japanisch-russische Krieg  Miinchner Neueste Nachrichten, 23.10.1904.  Arch R 8034-11/8170.




49


       , .  23/04, , 17.03.1904. BArch MArch RM 5/5766.




50


 .




51


     -      . , 13.02.1904. BArch MArch RM 5/5774;        . , 31.05.1904. BArch MArch RM 5/5774.




52


Taglische Rundschau. 393. 23.08.1904. BArch R 8034-11/8170.




53


.  [Goltz 1906: 192; Menning 2005: 145; Military Correspondent 1905: 8990].




54


     - -  . , -, 20.06.1904. BArch MArch RM 5/5776.


