  
  


   .  
        ,             .      .

   廠      .       ,            ,        .       ,     ,   ,  ,       .     ,      ,    ,    ,        .

  PDF A4    .





  

  


   



 2017 by Ruth Mazo Karras

  e, , 2022

 TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, 2022 All Rights Reserved

   һ, 2022







              Routledge,            .    -   ,          :  ,  ,  ,  ,   .           .        ,    ,            :  ,  ,  ,  .             .          .         Routledge           .

     ,   ,    ;           .        ,    ,          ,   ,           .




 


       ,   :   (),   ;   ;   ;    ;   ;   ();    (); - (-);   ();  ;  ;   ;  ;  ;     ;   .




1

 



 ,        蠫,           .       : ,      ,         .        ,   .         -    ,    .      :      .     ,           .

                  . ,      -:    (IVV   )        ,        ( )    ( ).      ,       ,    .          .          :  ,  ,      ,     .

      ,     ,           .      ,     :   ,      .      500  1500 ,      , ,     ;          ,  ,             .

        .    ,   ;    ;      ;        ,   ,       ,    ,  ,    .

        , , .           (  ).            :

		  ,   ,
		   .
		   ;
		   ,
		  ,
		 , 
		   
		 ,    :
		    
		 ,   ,
		     !
		    
		,    [1 - The Good Woman of Orlans, in The Fabliaux: A New Verse Translation, trans. Nathaniel E. Dubin (New York: Liveright, 2013), 629. (.  :   : . . )].

    ,       .   ,     :      ,          .          .    ,                    ,  , ,  ,  :     .

         :      , , ,    ,       XXI    .             ,      ,   . ,   ,     ,   ,   ;        ,     ,      ;        ,         ;   ,    .        ,      ,         ;  ,      ,       ,               (,    ,             ,      ).       ,    ,  ,    ,      ,        ,      ,  ,     .

       - ,         .       ,        (  );    ,          .  ,      - :             ,           ,     ,         ,   .              ,     :      ,     ,         ,   ,      ,             ,       :         ,       ,              ,   :



   , ,   ,   ,   ( ,    -),       ,    ,     :      ,    .      ,     .

               (),        ,                      ,           .

                       .   ,         ,          ,              .         .    ,      ,  ,    ,          .    ,             ,             ,    ,         .

       .   ,    黠 ,     ,          ,   ,  ; ,   ,     ,         ,   ,     ;        .     ,    ;       .    ,    .       ,             -.                 .

        ,      .        (Doing Unto Others),   . ,       ,      ,  :  ,     ,      .    to fuck (),    ,             ,    :     they fucked ( ),  she fucked him (  ).

   . ,    foutre    ,   ,      ,       .            swiven.     Middle English Dictionary      swive,     蠫    ().      ,    ,       ,   [2 - Middle English Dictionary, ed. Robert E. Lewis (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1988), s.v. swiven.].    concubere   ,     -,       . , 1395     ,  , ,     ,      [concubuit]   ,     [concubuit]     [3 - David Lorenzo Boyd and Ruth Mazo Karras, The Interrogation of a Male Transvestite Prostitute in Fourteenth-Century London, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 1 (1995), 463.].          ,        ,        [4 - Memoriale Credencium: A Late Middle English Manual of Theology for Lay People, Edited from Bodley MS Tanner 201, ed. J.H.L. Kengen (Nijmegen: n.p., 1971), 141.        ,     . (. .)].

          .                  .  XII         ,          ,   ,       :     , ,       .     ,      ,    .    ,   ,    ,    ,   ,   [5 - Alain of Lille, The Plaint of Nature, trans. James J. Sheridan (Toronto: Pontifical Institute for Medieval Studies, 1980), 678, 1335. ( ,  , . . . )].              ;    ,                .

  蠫       ,        .    ,    .     ,           ,       :  ,    .       蠫      ,     ,    . (   , ,    ,       .)

,    ,      .          ,                         .         .      ,             -;      ,   . ,             ,     ,        .

      ,         -.   ,         -,        (, , ,  )    ,          .           ,        ,    ,    (         ).

,                ,          .   ,        . ,  ,    ,    ,      ,     .  ,    ,         ,     ,        ,     ,   .   ,     ,           .

               .    ,      ,     ,       :     .               ,  廠           ,     .     ,    ,  -      ,           ,    .  , ,      ,   ,  :    ,        .        :     ,         ,        . ,      ,  ,    ,   ,           .  .

         ,       .       ,         .      ,     ,   ,      .   ,            ,    . ,    ,             ,             ,      ,   ,   ,   ,         .




 


   ,     ,       .    :    , ,   ,    . , ,         ;     ,       [6 - Anna Clark, Desire: A History of European Sexuality (New York and London: Routledge, 2008), 3.].     ,      ,     .         :   ,     (  ) .        (  ),  :     ,        .   軠     ,   .              ,   :   蠫    () ,    .             .          ,   軠    . ,      ,    ,      ,                  ,       ,     .

 ,  蠫 (     ,   ,     )   .           , ,     .      蠫,    .     .  ,           .          .    ,                .        ,   ,        ,    ,    ;      .       ,      ,     ,        ,   ,            .         ; ,         ,     .

 ,         ,           .       :       (     ,   )      (    ,       )?      :     .      ,   .          ,            ,              -.     :    :   ,     , , ,       .  , ,    -     .    ,    :           -  .      :   [7 - David M. Halperin, Is There a History of Sexuality? History and Theory 28 (1989), 25774, quote at 257.].

   ,        ,     ,    ,    .        .       ,     ,   ,                 ,         .    ,       , , ,         .          ,    :            ,         .  ,       ;        ,         ( ),   ,    ,             .

  ,       ,           .        :         .         ,              ,    ,      .  , ,   , -   ,       - ,  ,   ,  .     ,          XIX :        ;   ,             .     ,        ,          ,      .            , ,    .      ,    -      ,       .

,       ?     ,    ,         ,     . ,   ,     ,         .     ,        :  ,     ,  ,   ,      ,  .

         ,     蠫  . ,         ,          ,             ,                .      蠫,     .        ,                    ,    ,    .

,         ,           ;   ,    ,      .   ,           ,    :   ,    .    :

           ,   ,      .    ,     ,  -       ,   ,    .



  ,   ,       ,                 ,     .          ;             .      ,  ,     ,       ,     .  -    ,     :   ,        ,    ,          ,      .

      ,    ,     ,       .       ,      ,              .          ,       .   ,  XIX              .         ,     ,        .   :



                ,      .  XX    :  ,   , ,  ,    ,   ,  ,  ,   . <>       ,           ,   .     ,    .



            ,          . (   ,             .         ,     ,     ,      :           .      ,    ;      ,  .)

     ,         .                  ,      ,  ,   ,        .            .       ,       ,         .      ,        ,      ,     ,       ,    .

              .    ,     -    ,    ,       ,  -    .          ,       ,       ,        .     ,      :    ,         ,            .            ,   ;   ,         (   ),         .       [8 - Karma Lochrie, Mystical Acts, Queer Tendencies, in Constructing Medieval Sexuality, eds. Karma Lochrie, Peggy McCracken and James A. Schultz (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), 180.].  ,      , ,            ,         .        .      ,          ,         .   ,          ,       .    ;      -,       [9 - William Burgwinkle, Queer Theory and the Middle Ages, French Studies 60 (2006), 7988, here 79.]. ,         ,     ,   ,       , ,   ,    ,   .

          :      ,      ,       ( ),   ,           .       :      ,   ,         ,        .      ,     ,        ,   ;     ,         ,      . -     ,          .

     ,    .              (   ,        ).        ( ,    ,    ,  ),       ,        .         ,   ,             .        ,    ,       .




    


   , ,  .            .                 ,       .        ,   ,   .            ,    ,   ; ,  ,    ,     ,    . ,               ,    ,       .

       . -,    .         :     ,    ( )   , ,    . -,     .    ,        ,                  (   XV        ).             ,   .             . -,                 .         ,       .     ,    ,   ,     ,                 ,   ,  . ,     , , ,      .  ,    ,     ,          (              ).    ,       ,        .

      , , ,    .    (,         ,        ,   ).          ,               .             ,    ,   .

         ,  (   )                 ;   ,         ,       .           :  ,      ,   ,     ,              ,      .       ,  , ,  ,    .        ,    ,       -  .          ,  ,      ,           (,             ),  ,      (,       ),     .          ,      ,     ;    -             .  ,           ,  ,         ,   ,         .

      :     , , ,           ,     .  ,      ,        ,   ,          ,     ,     .      :        ,           ,     [10 - Diane Wolfthal, In and Out of the Marital Bed: Seeing Sex in Renaissance Europe (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010).].

  ,            ,         ,      . ,         ,          .        ,    ,       ,     ,       .   ,       ,         ,           .   ,          ,       :        ,   ,        ,    .        , ,        ,        ,      .             ,   ,     ,     ,        .

          .       ,                  ()   . ,       ,     .          ;       ,       .       ,     ,   ;   ,    .      .  ,  ,       .      ,            ,     .                       .       ,    ,         .  ,           ,      (  )   .

          .        ,             .      ,            .         .           .          ,        ,      ;         ,     .

         ,    ,             .  -  ,   ,    ; ,  ,   -  ,     ,   , -, .        ,    ,        ,       :        , ,       ,         .          ,        .

 ,           ,     ,   ,   .         ,     ,        .     -,        ,   ,    ,      .       :   ,   ,    .       ,    ,       .     ?      ,     ?         ?    ,   ,            ?           ,     ?

      .      ,    ,           (     ,   ).           ,   ,           ,     .        ,  ,       ,    ,       ,        .    ,    ,   ,            ,       .         .  ,            :     ,            .           ,        :           ,       .

    ,         ,     .        XII .     ,       ,

		     ,
		      .

 ,   ,        ;   ,       .

		     ,
		    .  
		,    :
		    .

( ,       ,      ,       ,    ,      .)

        ,                .     ,      ,    :         .    :

		 ,    !
		     
		  .

     ,       ,       .  :

		  ,  ,
		    !
		      ,
		      .

          .

     ?     ,               .       ,    ?         ?     ,           ?             ,           ?    ,      ,     ? ,       ,                          .

     :            ,           .      ,       ,        ,     ,    .        :       ,         ,   -    ?

,   ,   -,         ,   ,     ,       . ,      ,       1066 ,               .             ,  .        ,        ,           .         :   ,            ,    . ,             ,               ;       .      ?     ,        ?      ,     ,         ,      ?         ?          ?       ,             ?   XIX            :     1886 ,  , 1895 ,    .          :       .   ,    ,      ,       XI .

        ,        ,    ,         ,  ,      [11 - Madeline H. Caviness, Anglo-Saxon Women, Norman Knights, and a Third Sex in the Bayeux Embroidery, in The Bayeux Tapestry: New Interpretations, eds. Martin K. Voys, Karen Eileen Overbey and Dan Terkla (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2009), 85118.]. ,    ,    . ,        ,       . ,       ,     ,     .      ,              ,    ,    .      ,        ,  -                 ,    ,      ,       ,       ,     .

           ,       ,          ,  -   XI ,   ꠫   .         .                ,       .    .    ,       .    ,      .   ,    ,  ,  ,         ;         ,      .

    ,     ,      .                  ( ,    ),   ,      .          ,           .       .   ,      ,       ?   ,         , ,  ?

, ,  ,      :

		  ,  , ,  !
		     ,       .
		 :     ,     ;
		       ,     ,
		  ;
		     .
		     ,   .

,        ,     (  7:710[12 -   .   (. .)]).                 .            ,     ,    ,     ,       . ,    ,     .   -  :

		 ,   !
		  ,   ,
		 ,  ,
		  !
		   ,
		       .
		     !

  ,   (   )          ,            .

       ,        .  ,   , -,    XII ,    ,          :



   ,      ,     ,       ;  ,          ,           ,        ,      ,      .       ,     ,   ,        ,      ,       ;      ,      ,      [13 - Aelred of Rievaulx, Speculum Caritatis, 3:109, in Opera Omnia, vol. 1, ed. Anselm Hoste, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis 1 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1971), 159.].



           ,    ,       .   ,      ?  ,       ,             ?   ,       ,      ?           .

  ,       ,   ,            ,  .  ,           ,          .    ,   ,       ,       (    ,      )       [14 - David Clark, Between Medieval Men: Male Friendship and Desire in Early Medieval English Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 18.].

           ,             ,     .          ,     ,     ,    ,     .     ,  ,      ,   .

  ,   ,     ,          ;        ,   ,   .         ,              ,      ,  .           ,       .   ⠫       :    ,      ,    ,       [15 - Alain of Lille, The Plaint of Nature, trans. James J. Sheridan (Toronto: Pontifical Institute for Medieval Studies, 1980), 136. ( ,  , . . . )].       ,          ,    .  ,      ,    ,         - ,    ,   .  ,         ,      :      ,              -   ,        ,      -   ,  [16 - Gulielmus Peraldus, Summa de Vitiis, 3:2.2.            Summa de Vitiis.].        :   ,     .

       ,   ,     .    ,  - ,    ,       ,     ,     .     ?   ,       ,   . ,       ,      ,            ,    .    ,  XIII ,      - ,      ;     ,    ,    (       )  ,       .            ,    ,    ( ,  ,     ),  .          ,     ,       ,     ,      . ,      ,  ,     ,    ,   .    :  蠓       蠓唻[17 - Karma Lochrie, Heterosyncrasies: Female Sexuality When Normal Wasnt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005), xxii.].

 ,       .    ,     :       ,   ,      ,          .     ,       ,          .  ,  ,     ,        XIX      .   ,  ,   XIX     ,        ,       ;     , ,   .        .

              ,    ( , ,  ).         ,          .          ,      ,    .     ,     ,           ,        .  ,            ,   .

         ,    ,   .     , La damoiselle qui ne pooit o?r parler de foutre (,     ),    ,      foutre (   , ,        ,  foutre   ):   ,        .           :     ,        .           [18 - Dubin, 883.       , La damoiselle qui noit o?r parler de foutre qui na?st mal au cuer,  ,     , 873.       Nouveau recueil complet des fabliaux, vol. 4, 82. (. .)].     , ,            ,        .   ,         :   ,      ,      .

  ,       ,          ,      ,     .    -                .   ,  XIII ,     IXXI ,      .           ,      ,         ,    .    ,  ,   ,   :     .       ,      ,  -      ,      ,     .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=68403505)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


The Good Woman of Orlans, in The Fabliaux: A New Verse Translation, trans. Nathaniel E. Dubin (New York: Liveright, 2013), 629. (.  :   : . . )




2


Middle English Dictionary, ed. Robert E. Lewis (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1988), s.v. swiven.




3


David Lorenzo Boyd and Ruth Mazo Karras, The Interrogation of a Male Transvestite Prostitute in Fourteenth-Century London, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 1 (1995), 463.




4


Memoriale Credencium: A Late Middle English Manual of Theology for Lay People, Edited from Bodley MS Tanner 201, ed. J.H.L. Kengen (Nijmegen: n.p., 1971), 141.        ,     . (. .)




5


Alain of Lille, The Plaint of Nature, trans. James J. Sheridan (Toronto: Pontifical Institute for Medieval Studies, 1980), 678, 1335. ( ,  , . . . )




6


Anna Clark, Desire: A History of European Sexuality (New York and London: Routledge, 2008), 3.




7


David M. Halperin, Is There a History of Sexuality? History and Theory 28 (1989), 25774, quote at 257.




8


Karma Lochrie, Mystical Acts, Queer Tendencies, in Constructing Medieval Sexuality, eds. Karma Lochrie, Peggy McCracken and James A. Schultz (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), 180.




9


William Burgwinkle, Queer Theory and the Middle Ages, French Studies 60 (2006), 7988, here 79.




10


Diane Wolfthal, In and Out of the Marital Bed: Seeing Sex in Renaissance Europe (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010).




11


Madeline H. Caviness, Anglo-Saxon Women, Norman Knights, and a Third Sex in the Bayeux Embroidery, in The Bayeux Tapestry: New Interpretations, eds. Martin K. Voys, Karen Eileen Overbey and Dan Terkla (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2009), 85118.




12


  .   (. .)




13


Aelred of Rievaulx, Speculum Caritatis, 3:109, in Opera Omnia, vol. 1, ed. Anselm Hoste, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis 1 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1971), 159.




14


David Clark, Between Medieval Men: Male Friendship and Desire in Early Medieval English Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 18.




15


Alain of Lille, The Plaint of Nature, trans. James J. Sheridan (Toronto: Pontifical Institute for Medieval Studies, 1980), 136. ( ,  , . . . )




16


Gulielmus Peraldus, Summa de Vitiis, 3:2.2.            Summa de Vitiis.




17


Karma Lochrie, Heterosyncrasies: Female Sexuality When Normal Wasnt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005), xxii.




18


Dubin, 883.       , La damoiselle qui noit o?r parler de foutre qui na?st mal au cuer,  ,     , 873.       Nouveau recueil complet des fabliaux, vol. 4, 82. (. .)


