  
 


 
      ,    , ,       ?                  ,        ?      ,  ,     ,   ,          .     , ,   ;             .    , ,   ,   (  )      ( ).





 

  



     







.    ?



 !   !      ,   ,   ,    [1 -      Tiffanys Teacup Yorkies   20  2018 .  : Screw this. Im pooping in the house today.]. ,   [2 -               ,        .      ,    . ,   ,    ,   , , ,   ,   it (),        .       ,   ,    ,          .       ,  ,        ,          ,      -.      ,     ,  ,     ,    ,   .        -     (guardian, keeper  caregiver),     .]   ,    , ,  ,       .     ,          .  , ,      ,     . ,        :          ,     .

     ,      ,     ,     .    ,   ,   ,      ,       .      , ,   ,   .               .       ,       XVIIIXIX        -.

   .                ,        ,    .              ,        . -          ,  ,       .

           ,    ,        .  ,    ,       1930?:



   .    ,  ,   .       .   .   - ?[3 -  2016.]


 ,           ,       ,   .      ,     ,      ,     .       

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 ,       .                    .       .      ,       ,        .    ,   :             ,       ,          .         ,          ,        .   ,  ,      .   -  ,    ,       .         ,      ,     .

 ,      .    ,    ,       ,        .       ,     ,        .        ,   .           24         ,         ,    - .   ,      ?    ,                 .

    : ,     ,     ,  .        .   ,                     ,  , ,   [4 - Sand?e, Corr, Palmer 2015: 62.].              .      ,      .              .            , -  -,      ,    ,    . ,     -,             ,      .       ,      :     ,      . ,    ,     , ,     ,        . ,  ,         ,             .  ,  ,  ,           ,   .   ,  ,          ,          ,  ,   .   ,         .         ,          .

 ,        .    ,   ,    ,       [5 -  (??????????)   ,   convenience store.]    ,            ,  ,    ,  ,         .  ,     ,   .      ,      .        ,          .    ,         ,        .        ,     ,                    .     ,          , , ,  .        ,            .             ,    .          , ,        , , , .

         ,   :       ,    .            .       .     .            , ,  .      .   ,     ,   ,       ,      , ,      .  ,   ,       .        .        ,  ,      .    ,   ,       ,   .

  -    ,      .          .      ?    ,    (     ). !  ,   .  !        .    toy ()   teacup             [6 -   toy        ,      .  toy (  )        .  teacup (   )    ,   -    toy-.      軠  ,     .    teacup   toy-,       - .].             . , ,      .        -   .

 ,       .             1:3    .                ().     ,    ,      .         .      -       ,               .    ,              .       ,         .        .    ,   .

    [7 -  (Weimaraner)     ,      .      (   )    ,   .    , ? -   -     .             ,    40        .      :     ,     ,   .         ,         ,     .],     ,   :      ,   ,                 ,      . ,    ,     ,       ,            commitment.              ,             ,    .     ,     ,       .

         ,      ,    .          .           .   ,        ,      ,    ,      .         .       ,    ,       .         ,   .        ,    ,   . ,    ,             .    ,     .          ,     :     . , ,    ,     ,    ,     ,      .




   ?


   -     .               ?    ?             , , , ?                ?       ?       ,        .                .                 .       ,  -   ,                ,    ,    .

                 .          ,                  ,       , ,  .     ,       -         ,  .            ,          ,   .       ,             ,    -         .

              ,     ()     .            Mental Hygiene          .             .       1990?          .           ,   .          , , , , ,    .       ,         .             .               .       ,              ,    .

      .            ,    .     ,      ,     .   -                    - .                        .     -,        ,      .     ,      ,  ,    ( )   .         .     teacup                ?   ,     .          , ,   ,      .         ,     ,   .     ( pet   廠  )                .

              -.   ,         ,     ߻  .                 ,  ,   ,     ,      .             ,       ,   .           . ,     ,   -,       ,     ,           .              .         ,    ,   ,             .

      ,  -      ,    .                 ,    .  ,           .       . ,    -      ,           .    , -           .            ,      ,       .     ,      , -   ,        (      ,      ).          ,  - ,     ,   ,   - ,     .     ,        ,    ,       .

    -      ,   ,   ,   .       ,    .          (, , ),   .     ,       . ,   , ,    ,     -,    :   ,    ,     .             ,      -,       [8 - ,  ,                      .     ,     45 ,      ,       .          .  .    ,              .]           .

    ,    ,   , -,      ,      .         ,        .         ,   .        ,        ( ) [9 - Fudge 2008: 46.].    ,      ,          ,     .       ,         . ,     ,      ,     .        ,     .     ,    ,  ,     ,  -    ,   .                     .

       -,        ,   , ,           .   ,              .     ,            ,    ,       ,  .   ,      , ,   [10 - Wilson 2018: 65.].       ,           ,  .   ,     ,       -,    .

      .      ,           ,    [11 - Keating 2013: 3.].         ,    ,       (  )     ( , , )[12 - Ibid: 171.].     , ,       .

 -        .                 [13 - Hardt, Negri 2004: 108.]       .   -                    ,      .    ,  ,          .         ,    ,   .

           .           ,   .           -   .         :  , ,           , , ,    .                    .       ,           [14 - Galbraith 2011: 104.].                    .

     ,   ,    . ,  ,    ,      ,       ,  ˸,      ,      ,          . ,    ,              ,      ,           .         ,    ,     ,     .   ,      ,  .        ,       ,         ,   ,   .      ,     ,        .

         ,      .    ,        ,  ,                   [15 -     ,       (auto)    ,    .           ,    (ethno).        ,            .       ,  ,   ,      .  ,  ,     ,        .].

                , , ,     .     ,              .

       ,          .         ,    ,            ,     .       ,    ,         .

         ,    -           .      ,   ,            ,  ,    ,         ,   ,                 .




 1.  



             [16 - Fisher 2009: 35.].               ,  ,   .  ,          ,      1750  (   ),   [17 - Ibid.].  ,             .            ,      ,      .         ,      ,    .        ,      .        (   ),         .

    ,    ,          .         ,      ,       ().        -  teacup       .  ,      ,  ,  -       ,      .

,       ,   ,       .               .             ,                .

            ,     (   ).  ,           ,     .       , , , ,         .    ,  ,    ,         ,      .

          [18 - Terranova 2013: 50.].   ,  , , , ,          ,            ,         .   ,              ,     .         ,       .              .    ,   KPI,     ,           ,     .         ?   ,  ,        ,          .      , ,               ,     .           .  ,          .               ,    ,             .




 ,   


,      ,           .    ,  , , ,   ?  -  ,   ?[19 - Ibid.: 48.]        ,   ,   ,             ,   .  ,   ,    ?  ,  ,  ,       ,         .       ,           .         -,        .

       ,    ,   .          ,   ,   .             , , ,       ,      .      ,                .  ,    ,       .   ,     ,              .     ,    .

       .                   [20 - Berlant 2011: 12.].        .                   ,        .     ,    ,            (. 1).     !        ,             .






. 1.   (KC Green).  ,    Gunshow, 2013.  2014         Reddit    ,      (This is fine)   .



       ,   .          ,    ,           .           ,    . , ,          .     ,                 1518 ,         .               .    ,    ,       ,           .

           .  ,      ,                .   ,   ,        XX              ,   [21 - Ehrenberg 2010: 230.].    ,                  ,        .      .   ,    ,           ,        ,      .       . ,       ,    ,    ,         .       -       ,      .              ,           .

   ,                       (  salaryman).       ,     ,       .        ,       . - @shibuyameltdown   ,         [22 - Instagram     Meta,    . . .].     ,    .           ,                .

          ,   IX         ,   1790            [23 - Morrison 2007: 51.].       -      1944            .           .      ,      - (1962)[24 - Levinson 1962: 5965.].            .           animal-assisted,          .  ,            ,       .

 1980        -      ,              .              [25 - Friedmann, Katcher, Lynch, Thomas 1980: 307.].         ,      .       ,   ,      .   ,   /          ,               [26 - Serpell 2000: 108.].         -     .          .  -     ,          ,    .   -         - .  ,               .  ,  -  .              ,   ,   :      ,    ,    .    -       ,           .

        ,                  . , ,   2010 ,   ,    1980?  1990?.    :   ,          ,  ,     [27 - Sand?e, Corr, Palmer 2015: 52.].      ,         ,  ,         ,     . ,        ,      ,       . ,   ,                    .    ,       -   ,                ,        [28 - Morrison 2007: 57.]. ,            2010  2012 ,         -     , , ,     ,         [29 - Peacock, Chur-Hansen, Winefield 2012: 292; Antonacopoulos, Pychyl 2010: 37.].   ,  -      ,           ,          .




-    


    ,                ,  ,     .                 :      ,        ,        [30 - Dean 2013: 75.].              ,       .     ,        .                -,             .         ,   ,   [31 - Fisher 2009: 2324.]:



[]   ,       .  ,    ,          .           ,      .      ,  ,      .   ,    ,    ,     ?       ,    (      ),    ,   - ,   [32 - Ibid.: 24.].


 ,     ,   :        .            :     .

      ,     .  ,  ,        .        ,       . ,     ,     ,      .  ,    ,  ,    ,       ,                 ,   .  ,    ,            ,   .     ,   ?            1015 ,       (         ).       ?   .

           .    ,   ,      :      .     ,          .                   8   ,     .             ,            , ,        Facebook[33 - Facebook     Meta,    . . .], Twitter   ,    [34 - Terranova 2013: 59.].

        XIX   XX .          :         [35 - Ibid.: 57.].

          .            - ,     , , ,      .         .

    ,               .         ,   .                   [36 - Page 2017: 77.].          .       -,      ,   ,     .                   .  ,       ,  ,    ,   [37 - Nittono, Fukushima, Yano, Moriya 2012.].            ,     , ,   .           ,      .




     


 ,        ,     - .      -      .        ,           ,       .     .             ,    ,    ,     [38 - Adams 2016: Ch. 1.].            ,    ,    .             ,   ,          .      ,      :           .

        ,      ,          [39 - Ibid.: Ch. 6.].            .                .   ,   , ,        ,          ,                 .              ,  ,    .  ,        ,        .

     ,         ,  .     ,   ,       ,       .    :              .                        (1936).          ,    :



 :   .    .    .      .     ,      . , ,    [40 -  1989:  2.].


        . ,        ,       .              .   .  ,     ,       ,       ,  .              : ,          .      ,  ,        .       ,      ,    ,           .

       .   ,              ,      .      ,   ,   ,              [41 - Adams 2016: Ch. 6.].                   .              .            ,        [42 -    (True Blood, 20082014)     ,    (The Vampire Diaries, 20092017)          .]. ,   Fake it till you make it (,     )       :  ,    ,          ,      ,  ,  .

-                .           [43 -  2017: 61.],       .   ,      , -      . ,        ,   .    ,    ,    (  )  ,       ,       .           - rrrrrrr.ru  ,       ,                [44 -    28  2020 :  + Rrrrrrr.        (    ).].




         


         .        ,      [45 - Adams 2016: Ch. 6.].                   ,   .          ,   ,    ,       .          ? ,         ,      .       ,                ,           .

        ,     ,  ,   .           .           ,       .          ,       ,       .  hookup-, Tinder,   ,          ,         .            .

  e-flux        ,               [46 - Kuan Wood 2017: 19.].          ,          [47 - Ibid.].              ,      ,      (     )          .         ,             ,        [48 - Adams 2016: Ch. 10.].       ,       . ,         ,         -.

  2020      The New Yorker    .        ,  .       :     ,      .    ,    :     , .   ,        ,  .     ,        ,     .           .

         .   ,         , ,        :       ,   .                (           , ,   ,    :   , -  --,     ).       ?               -,             .      :     Lego,    ,    ,          .

        ,      .    ,      ,     ,   ,   .                .           ,      .         ,     ,           ,  .               .          . ,            ,    ,     [49 -  2020: 17.].          .        ,     .      ,       .            ,            ,    .          ,   ,        .                 ,       ,        .

            ,         ,        .              ,             .                 .    ,     ,      [50 - Terranova 2013: 66.].




    


    ,    ,     ,       .  1954            ,    [51 - Ibid.: 62.].       ,      7000 .      ,   ,       .        :  ,        ,   ,      .

, , ,       ,           ,   .

                     .  2015     ,      ,   ,         .           ,    ,      .         .  2018     The Economist  Ѹ    ,         25   , , ,     .           ,    .     ,         2024   2015    47%    34%  2002 [52 - Economist 2018.].

 ,  :  -        ,     .   ,       ?    ,          .    , -                  [53 - Marin 2015.].            :   -      ,     .

                       .         ,     ,     :  ( 1920? ),  ( 1950?)    ( 1990?)[54 - Stiegler 2013: 6.].  ,             ,  .      ,     [55 - Ibid.].    :          ,     .    ,             [56 - Berardi 2009: 96.].   ,                ,       .

     ,     ,            .    ,     .            ,  , . -,    ,       ,      .

 -        :       ,   ,   ,          .    ,         0  100%.    ,        ,      .          ,    , , ,  [57 - Ibid.].      ,     .                     .

      ,        ,    .   ,  ,        ,        ,         [58 - Berardi 2009: 85.].  ,              ,    ,      [59 - Illouz 2007: 108.].         ,     .           ,    .           ,      ,  -           .            (2019).      -           ,                 (. 2)[60 -   (Years and Years),    , BBC One, HBO  Canal+,  1, 2019.].






. 2.     (Years and Years),  1.   BBC One  HBO



           -.   ,               .        [61 - Berardi 2009: 102.].    ,           ,             ,  ,    IRL (in real life,   ).                 (  furry  ).    ,     .   1980?       ,   2010?       .   ,   [62 - International Anthropomorphic Research Project (IARP), Kathy Gerbasi, Courtney Plante, Stephen Reysen, Sharon Roberts, Karlin Bruegel.], ,  96%   78% ,      ,        [63 - Fumiko Cahill 2015.].  2017      250  ,      ,    ,    [64 - Kaplan 2017.].     ,     ,         ,      ,       ,    .  ,   ,         . ,            .                  ,      ,   -   -   .  2018   Vinclu      Gatebox        (  ??,     ). 20-          ,      .       .     ,        ,      ,           SMS,     ,    .




  


            .    .        ,      ,           ( )    [65 -  2014: 910.     Going Solo: The Extraordinary Rise and Surprising Appeal of Living Alone.        .   ,     .],     ,   . C 2010   sinks (single income, no kids)             ,     . ,  ,      ,       ,  [66 - Bingham 2014.].      ,   .  2012  The Economist   ,        60%   30         20%  1995 .    ,          ?  [67 - Dajani 2014.].     ,     .    :               ,         ,     .   ,       ,   ,  ,  ,  ,     [68 - Economist 2012.].   ,  2030        20%[69 - Hodgson 2019.].

   ,           ,   ,        ,      ,     .          :        ,     -,   ,          .       -   ,    .      ,  2022     -    ,    -,  ,    ,    .       ,      .         4,64 . 젖      ,     [70 -       ,     .    .        ,          Instagram ,        .].               ,         3540   ,   ,   ,     ,    ,      , , ,  .

           ,         1520%. , ,  ,            .               .     .        ,        (  ,     ,    ).    , ,          [71 -  2019: 273.].       ,      ,    .            ,    -       , ,      .    ,    .     ,       ,           ,   .   ,  ,          .      (          ).     ,         , ,     .       ,   ,   ,  -  ,      . ,  ,  , , ,     , ,    ,   .    [72 -          .        .  ,     ,     ? ,      .    ,         ,       . .:  2018: 41.], ,       [73 - https://t.me/our_soulmates.].




      


 ,          ,   .            ,   ,     .           ,    ,     ,     ,   .       ,      . ,  ,        ,  ,  ,          ,      .         :  Tinder,       .          ,     ,        .

-           ,         .             ,         .            (   ,      ),      .

     .  ,    ,        .             ,                 ,      (          ).

              ,     ,       .    ,            ,  ,        .             ,          ,      ,      .         ,      , ,   .

              ,      ,   .           , ,    ,   ,    ,     .               ,           ,      .   ,  ,  ,     ,       ,            [74 - Marcus, Kurosu, Ma, Hashizume 2017: vvi, 9.].              ,        .                     -       .

             (??),        [75 - Plourde 2014: 117, 118.].   1990?          , , ,                 .

 2000?          .           ,        .       .   ,         ,    ,          .     ,           .         ,  ?          .  2010?           benjo meshi (???    )[76 - Lufkin 2020.].

                    .           .    ,   [77 - Plourde 2014: 125; Roquet 2013: 237.][78 -     ,         ,     .  ,         .].     ,         ,        .  2010?       ,    ,        .  ,   ,  ,                                .

   ,              ,          ,     [79 - Plourde 2014: 128.].    -     (-),       .     ,               .         .       ,          (  ).                .   -     ,           -.           .          ,                   - .             ,                 [80 - Terranova 2013: 65.].      ,             ,     [81 - Dean 2010: 95.].           ,          [82 - Berardi 2018: 98.].

 -                  .        .  2005  2009   -      ,       .           .  ,  2012        150[83 - Galloway 2012.].    ,     [84 - Newman 2017.],        .  2020        , , , ,    [85 -          Capy Neko Cafe  ,  , https://capyneko.cafe/.                  2200  ( 1600 ).].          .                 .   ,              .                  -.       :   Mameshiba Caf   ,  4  6 ,      30   .

     ,    ,    ,                [86 - Boyle, Kao 2017: 17.].         :           .  ,      ,       ,   , , .   ,    ,  -              ,     [87 - -             -.].

  ,        ,  , , , , , , , , , ,     , ,    ,    ,     ; , , ,        [88 - Ibid.].        ,       .    ,                 .       - ,    ,            .          .






. 3.  (Cheese),   teacup.  2018           






    


   ,        (. 3).        .     :     ,         (,   ),      ,         .   ,      ,   .  -      ,    .      ,   ,        ,   .         .     -  ,    -      ,   1980?    ,    .         ,            [89 -                 XX    .  -    A smallest version of Teddy Bear     teacup  Instagram.].     ,           1517-   ,  ,       .      ,     [90 - Boyle, Kao 2017: 14.]:  , ,  ,   - ,      ,         ,        .

            -      .                  .        ,     ,  .                () ,       1950? .        ,         .  ,          ,            ,    - [91 -  2000: 187; Winnicott D. Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena // Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis. N. Y., N. Y.: Basic Books, 1975. P. 229242.].  ,             . --      ,    ,    .              ,         ,     .          .   2019            :  ,       .       ,    [92 -        26  2019 .].

 ,    ,   .        , ,   ,       ,        (    ).           , -   ,            :   ,   .       -     .        ,    ,        ,          67   [93 -   ,   2022 ,          295 000 .              4380  (12 ),     67   .            .]. ,   :  ,    ,    ,    ,             .

        ,              .       ,       .              ,      .         ,         -         .   ,       ,              .       iPad mini,        .        ,       .

    (  1980?  1990?)        ,     1950 .     ,      ,       ,        . -,     ,     ,      - ,   .  ,  ,       .  ,         ,   ,   , ,        .    ,           .  , , ,      -,    ,      ,    .         ,        ,           , ,  .        ,         .      ,       ,      ,    ,    . -                 .




   


 ,   ,   ,    ,  [94 - Stiegler 2013: 1.].       . ,   ,   ,           ,         .           ,    ,          ,            .            ,         .                    ,  ,    .                  ,                       .

  ,     ,             [95 - Ibid.: 3.].      ,        ,    ,          .   ,  -,       ,    ,   .               ,    ,    . ,     ,       ,  ,  ,       ,   ,     .  -   ,         :            .       ,     ,   .

  ,   -    ,    ,      .                        .      ,    ,       ,   Aibo,  .    ,     ,        .   -,     ,      ,     ,  ,       .     ,           ,          .    ,         ,  ,      .              -,   ,       ,     .               ,    ,           -     ,            [96 - Peacock, Chur-Hansen, Winefield 2012: 292; Antonacopoulos, Pychyl 2010: 37.].






. 4.  .  , 2020. , , 62 ? 87 






   :    


     ,           (. 4).       ,       ,    .  -   ,    -  (),         .      ,    ,                 .             .      ,   ,     ,    ,   ,      .   ,   (  squishy  ),     ,       ,     .    ,        ,    -                 -.        ,   ,  ,   ,  ,           ,    ,   .                ,     .

                -    ,             .     ,     , ,     .              ,     :     ,    ,   .             .    ,       ,    ,   .   ,               ,       ?.     ,    ,    .

    ,        :   ,  ,     ,        .           ,       :      ,   ,        .    ,  ,      .       ,     ,      .            ,       ,   ,     ,   ,      ,       .

 19902010? ,         ,   ,         ,   [97 -        47%   ,     . Field 2001: viii.].                        .   ,            (, )     (, , )         [98 - Ibid.: 20.].  ,           .     ,  ,    , ,      [99 - Ibid.: viii, .].               .      ,         ,     .                 [100 - Ibid.: 5.],             ,           ,            [101 - Ibid.].     ,        - (      )        ,            [102 - Ibid.: 109.].

                    .          (  ??  ),      ,      ,         .        ,  ,                ,                     .

    -,   ,            .                ,           ,      . -  ,                     ,  , ,     .        -     .

                   .     ,        ,      .              (   ,     )[103 -   2020    ,    .].        pet-friendly,     :               .            .    ,  ,   ,    -,          . ,      :    ,            ,       .

,   ,  ,  ,          -        .               .      ,       -             .                     ,        ,    ,   ,       .

   -         .  ,   ,  , ,   ,          ;       , ,  ,       -       .          .   ,  ,           -.                                       .

                          ,  ,        .                -,   ,     .               ,               .                 [],   ,   []  軠      [104 -  2019: 273.].            ,  ,       ,        .                     ,  ,                    .




 2.  



      ,    .                :        ,        .   ,       . ,          .    1902      The Washington Post           ,            [105 -       The Washington Post 16  1902 .        ,          .           ,    . .: Kaplan 2016.].          :        ,     ,       [106 -             , .].           .   XX       ,             ,     ,    .  1960?           .     1980?     ,    ,     ,    :     ,                 .

      YA (young adults,  )            .    XXI      Aibo.  2013  Bandai,  Tamagotchi,     ,        .   2010?,    ,   KakaoTalk, Line  Telegram,           .       ,  ,   Line  Kakao,       Brown  Ryan.      ,       .        ,    ,    .        .    Nintendo    614 ,         :       Pokmon GO   2016      3049   25%,       [107 -      Statista,  Distribution of Pokmon GO users in the United States as of July 2016, by age group, 26  2016 .].                      .                 ,     .            .    ,       ,    :                    .      -  ,      ,      ,   ,     ,          .






. 5.  .  ! 2004. , ,  . 29,5 ? 21 .     .              .       






-    


       ?     ,     .   ?   ,         ,     .      ,             .    ,        -      ,    .              .               ,    .            :  ,        (     ),       ,       (              / ).           ,          3540 .            .         ,        .       ,  ,       ,      ,   :



         ,       .   ,       ,   ,  ,      [108 - Dean 2013: 76.].


           :          .         ,       .   ,          .    -,      ,        ,          .         ,    .

 2014             [109 - Scott 2014.],       [110 - Graham 2014.].    YA  ,    28% ,   -,       3044 .  ,       ,   ,   ,             [111 -       ,         .].      :          .            ,    ,           ,    [112 - Berlant 2011: 261.].              :                 , , , ,   [113 - Dale, Goggin, Leyda, McIntyre, Negra 2017: 1011.].         YA-               ,       ,        ,       .   ,       ,       .

           ?     ,       ,    ,       :



          ,       ,    ,      ,   ,   .   ,       ,   ,     ,     ( !)     [114 - Scott 2014.].


   ,             .    -,       ,       [115 - Ibid.].          ,      (20122017)    (20142019),    (20162019)   (2020).   ,   ,               -[116 - Ibid.].     : 2018  36%     2045     ,         , 34%       ,   31%  ,     ,  [117 - Miller 2018.].       -        .           ,     .

 2016 ,         ,      ,   ,      [118 -  : Larvae that never become properly adult. .: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= fWQ2JYFwJWU.].   ,     .       ,         ,   ,      ,      .

 -        ,     :          ,  ,  ,      .      -         ,     ,   [119 -      ,        . .: Singer 2015: 99.].       .      ,   ,  ,  ,     ,         .       ,             ,    .               , -   ,        .




    


  2010?    ,                : cuteness studies.          aww- ( aww     )[120 - Dale 2017: 35.].        (Kindchenschema),       1943 .          :  ,      ,     ?[121 - Dale, Goggin, Leyda, McIntyre, Negra 2017: 3.]  ,          3     .               ,    ,     (    ).   ,   ,      ,       ,  ,    ,  ,             [122 - Ibid.].    aww-,         .        ,   XIX   .     ,          ,  [123 - Dale 2017: 35.],        ,   -    ,     .                      ,     ,   ,  ,   ,     ,  , , , .   -    :   ,     .

    껠              .     ,         .        . ,     ,      ,     ,        ,         runts (     ).   ,       [124 - ,     ,   ,        .],    .   ,   ,    ,     teacup,     .           .          ,         .          ,     ,    ,   ,   , ,          .     :    ,          ,     ,        [125 - Sullivan 2017.].   ,       ,        ,            ,      .                  ,        ,    ,       [126 - Sullivan 2018.].

       ,              .    teacup   ,          .           ,      .              .      ,      ,             ,          ,   [127 - Jobe 2013.].      ,       .   ,        ,                 ,        ,   ,    ,            .




    


     ,      ,                ,   (  ,             ).  ,  ,        ,       .           ,         :    ( ).            .               ,      (      -,      ).             ,        .        . ,  2020            (Vulpes vulpes).  ,         ,   ,     ,    ,     [128 - Parsons, Rigg, Conith, Kitchener, Harris, Zhu 2020.].         ,        1959     .   - ,           ,             .

     ,   - .              ,      .      ,           :     ( )      50%     ,    (  )  [129 - ,  2019: 110, 115, 116, 163.].              .    ,   ,  ,       [130 -  : 214.].     :     ,    ,    , ,    [131 -  : 107, 77, 109.].  ,     ,        ,   [132 -  : 135, 251.] (       ,        ,    ,   ). ,              ,    ,         .

       , , , ,            :  ,  ,  ,    .          :           . , ,    ,       .    ,  [133 - Tuan 1984: 102, 107.]    .             ,     ,     .              :         ,   ,        .

 ,      ,   ,        12 .                 [134 -  (  baby  )      ,   ,             12        . : Miklsi 2007: 17.].        ,   ,         ,     ,   ,  ,     :



     ,   ,               ,   ,     [135 -  2019: 193194.].


     ,            .       ,      .     ,   ,   -  ,     ,   .                   (      ).   ,      ,        :      ,              (    ).  ,       , ,       ,       ,  , ,     .

          ,      .       -              .  2015       ,          :          ,    .         ,         [136 - Nagasawa, Mitsui, En, Ohtani, Ohta, Sakuma, Onaka, Mogi, Kikusui 2015: 333.].   -     ,     -   [137 - ,  2019: 162.],           () ,    .          ,   -      .   ,         ,         .    , -,  -          .           -,       ,  ,       ,        .

   -        .        ,      ,       [138 - Bodson 2000: 27.]. ,   ,                [139 - Haraway 2008: 165.],     ? ,   ,              ,         .   ,        Instagram  .         ,     ,         ,      .      ,          ,   ,                              ,     .    -           ,         ?   ,  ,              .        ;                           ,   ,   .       ,              ,    .                     , ,    .




-     


            .          .       ,          , , ,     [140 - Erikson 2000: 7.].

     , ,  ,         -[141 - Ibid.: 16.].          , ,      ,  .  ,      .            ,             ,  -     .        :    ,    [142 - Ibid.: 8.].     ,  ,     ,       [143 - Ibid.: 14.].           ,       ,          -.    ,                ,      ,        .                    .           (      ,    ,           )[144 - Dienst, Fleck 2009: 230.],   -        ,      ,  .  ,    ,      ,   ,     :    ,     ,    [145 - Erikson 2000: 19.].

 ,      ,    .         ,  2016         180 [146 -   American Pet Products Association (APPA), 2017. 89,7    94,2      85  .].    45%       33%   [147 -   American Pet Products Manufacturing Association 2014;  U. S. Census Bureau, 2015.].        (  [148 -  ,   1997  2012  (    Pew),  2000     (          ).])      ,   ,      , ,    : 2021       123,6     20  ,    [149 -   APPA, 2021.].    ,      : 2015  95%  ,    -    , 45%       ,  31%          [150 - Shannon-Missal 2015.].       ,    :                  ( ),       .     ,         .             ,     .       .   ,      ,   .

            .  2017    -      ,            .    ,  -    ,         .              [151 - Laurent-Simpson 2017: 586.]    ,             .   -,   -    ,    ,    .         ,   ,          .           :    Forbes   ,        ,         ,      [152 - Lowry 2016.].       BBC, Reuters, USA Today   [153 - Klein 2019; Choi, Park 2019; Green 2019.]        -             .

               ,       ໠  ,       ,         [154 - Owens, Grauerholz 2018: 2.].  ,               ,   , ,    [155 - Ibid.: 4.].  ,  ,      ,        . ,      , ,       ,                 ,       .                 , ,      ,                 ,     .     ,          -      . ,                  ,    ,       .        .      ,    ,           ,  ,        .     ,           ,    ,     .

      ,            ,   .   ,    ,    ,    ,                   [156 - Ibid.: 9.].     ,           ,  ,         .  -軠          ,            .  ,                ,  ,           [157 - Ibid.].            ,         .

   ,   -,       ,    :          ,   .              .                  ,  .      ,     ,         . ,    ,     ,       -,   . -           ,         :



[]  []    []        .            .    ,   .   ,      ,    .      ,  ,    .              .       ,       ,   ,       ,    ,   [158 - Tuan 1984: 115.].


 ,      -,       ,        ,          . , -,      ,    .    ,     -  ,   .    ,       ,         ,  -               .             .           ,              ,          .       , ,   ,     .           ,        ,       [159 - Dienst, Fleck 2009: 229.]




  .


   .

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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


     Tiffanys Teacup Yorkies   20  2018 .  : Screw this. Im pooping in the house today.




2


              ,        .      ,    . ,   ,    ,   , , ,   ,   it (),        .       ,   ,    ,          .       ,  ,        ,          ,      -.      ,     ,  ,     ,    ,   .        -     (guardian, keeper  caregiver),     .




3


 2016.




4


Sand?e, Corr, Palmer 2015: 62.




5


 (??????????)   ,   convenience store.




6


  toy        ,      .  toy (  )        .  teacup (   )    ,   -    toy-.      軠  ,     .    teacup   toy-,       - .




7


 (Weimaraner)     ,      .      (   )    ,   .    , ? -   -     .             ,    40        .      :     ,     ,   .         ,         ,     .




8


,  ,                      .     ,     45 ,      ,       .          .  .    ,              .




9


Fudge 2008: 46.




10


Wilson 2018: 65.




11


Keating 2013: 3.




12


Ibid: 171.




13


Hardt, Negri 2004: 108.




14


Galbraith 2011: 104.




15


    ,       (auto)    ,    .           ,    (ethno).        ,            .       ,  ,   ,      .  ,  ,     ,        .




16


Fisher 2009: 35.




17


Ibid.




18


Terranova 2013: 50.




19


Ibid.: 48.




20


Berlant 2011: 12.




21


Ehrenberg 2010: 230.




22


Instagram     Meta,    . . .




23


Morrison 2007: 51.




24


Levinson 1962: 5965.




25


Friedmann, Katcher, Lynch, Thomas 1980: 307.




26


Serpell 2000: 108.




27


Sand?e, Corr, Palmer 2015: 52.




28


Morrison 2007: 57.




29


Peacock, Chur-Hansen, Winefield 2012: 292; Antonacopoulos, Pychyl 2010: 37.




30


Dean 2013: 75.




31


Fisher 2009: 2324.




32


Ibid.: 24.




33


Facebook     Meta,    . . .




34


Terranova 2013: 59.




35


Ibid.: 57.




36


Page 2017: 77.




37


Nittono, Fukushima, Yano, Moriya 2012.




38


Adams 2016: Ch. 1.




39


Ibid.: Ch. 6.




40


 1989:  2.




41


Adams 2016: Ch. 6.




42


   (True Blood, 20082014)     ,    (The Vampire Diaries, 20092017)          .




43


 2017: 61.




44


   28  2020 :  + Rrrrrrr.        (    ).




45


Adams 2016: Ch. 6.




46


Kuan Wood 2017: 19.




47


Ibid.




48


Adams 2016: Ch. 10.




49


 2020: 17.




50


Terranova 2013: 66.




51


Ibid.: 62.




52


Economist 2018.




53


Marin 2015.




54


Stiegler 2013: 6.




55


Ibid.




56


Berardi 2009: 96.




57


Ibid.




58


Berardi 2009: 85.




59


Illouz 2007: 108.




60


  (Years and Years),    , BBC One, HBO  Canal+,  1, 2019.




61


Berardi 2009: 102.




62


International Anthropomorphic Research Project (IARP), Kathy Gerbasi, Courtney Plante, Stephen Reysen, Sharon Roberts, Karlin Bruegel.




63


Fumiko Cahill 2015.




64


Kaplan 2017.




65


 2014: 910.     Going Solo: The Extraordinary Rise and Surprising Appeal of Living Alone.        .   ,     .




66


Bingham 2014.




67


Dajani 2014.




68


Economist 2012.




69


Hodgson 2019.




70


      ,     .    .        ,          Instagram ,        .




71


 2019: 273.




72


         .        .  ,     ,     ? ,      .    ,         ,       . .:  2018: 41.




73


https://t.me/our_soulmates.




74


Marcus, Kurosu, Ma, Hashizume 2017: vvi, 9.




75


Plourde 2014: 117, 118.




76


Lufkin 2020.




77


Plourde 2014: 125; Roquet 2013: 237.




78


    ,         ,     .  ,         .




79


Plourde 2014: 128.




80


Terranova 2013: 65.




81


Dean 2010: 95.




82


Berardi 2018: 98.




83


Galloway 2012.




84


Newman 2017.




85


         Capy Neko Cafe  ,  , https://capyneko.cafe/.                  2200  ( 1600 ).




86


Boyle, Kao 2017: 17.




87


-             -.




88


Ibid.




89


                XX    .  -    A smallest version of Teddy Bear     teacup  Instagram.




90


Boyle, Kao 2017: 14.




91


 2000: 187; Winnicott D. Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena // Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis. N. Y., N. Y.: Basic Books, 1975. P. 229242.




92


       26  2019 .




93


  ,   2022 ,          295 000 .              4380  (12 ),     67   .            .




94


Stiegler 2013: 1.




95


Ibid.: 3.




96


Peacock, Chur-Hansen, Winefield 2012: 292; Antonacopoulos, Pychyl 2010: 37.




97


       47%   ,     . Field 2001: viii.




98


Ibid.: 20.




99


Ibid.: viii, .




100


Ibid.: 5.




101


Ibid.




102


Ibid.: 109.




103


  2020    ,    .




104


 2019: 273.




105


      The Washington Post 16  1902 .        ,          .           ,    . .: Kaplan 2016.




106


            , .




107


     Statista,  Distribution of Pokmon GO users in the United States as of July 2016, by age group, 26  2016 .




108


Dean 2013: 76.




109


Scott 2014.




110


Graham 2014.




111


      ,         .




112


Berlant 2011: 261.




113


Dale, Goggin, Leyda, McIntyre, Negra 2017: 1011.




114


Scott 2014.




115


Ibid.




116


Ibid.




117


Miller 2018.




118


 : Larvae that never become properly adult. .: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= fWQ2JYFwJWU.




119


     ,        . .: Singer 2015: 99.




120


Dale 2017: 35.




121


Dale, Goggin, Leyda, McIntyre, Negra 2017: 3.




122


Ibid.




123


Dale 2017: 35.




124


,     ,   ,        .




125


Sullivan 2017.




126


Sullivan 2018.




127


Jobe 2013.




128


Parsons, Rigg, Conith, Kitchener, Harris, Zhu 2020.




129


,  2019: 110, 115, 116, 163.




130


 : 214.




131


 : 107, 77, 109.




132


 : 135, 251.




133


Tuan 1984: 102, 107.




134


 (  baby  )      ,   ,             12        . : Miklsi 2007: 17.




135


 2019: 193194.




136


Nagasawa, Mitsui, En, Ohtani, Ohta, Sakuma, Onaka, Mogi, Kikusui 2015: 333.




137


,  2019: 162.




138


Bodson 2000: 27.




139


Haraway 2008: 165.




140


Erikson 2000: 7.




141


Ibid.: 16.




142


Ibid.: 8.




143


Ibid.: 14.




144


Dienst, Fleck 2009: 230.




145


Erikson 2000: 19.




146


  American Pet Products Association (APPA), 2017. 89,7    94,2      85  .




147


  American Pet Products Manufacturing Association 2014;  U. S. Census Bureau, 2015.




148


 ,   1997  2012  (    Pew),  2000     (          ).




149


  APPA, 2021.




150


Shannon-Missal 2015.




151


Laurent-Simpson 2017: 586.




152


Lowry 2016.




153


Klein 2019; Choi, Park 2019; Green 2019.




154


Owens, Grauerholz 2018: 2.




155


Ibid.: 4.




156


Ibid.: 9.




157


Ibid.




158


Tuan 1984: 115.




159


Dienst, Fleck 2009: 229.


