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         ,         XIX .               ,       .                   ,     . .  ,       ,               XIX .        ,      Best Book in Womens Studies.





 

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       .  1895     [1 -         .  . .]      , ,      .   ,       ,      ,     .    ,              .     ,       .  ,     ,         .            .             [2 -      . . :  . . ,        . , 1890. . 93, 99109, 114.  1890?            ,     ,              .   1894         ,      ,     ,     ( . 1894. 17 ).   1894  ( . 1894. 28 )          (  ,      ).           1898 ,      .         ( 46 ),    8200  ( . 1898. 15 ).].

            .      , ,     ,        [3 -   1895           , ,   ,     ( . 1895. 15 ).].     ,   :       .  ,       ,      . ,      ,  ,      ,   !      [4 -   1890                     . .  . .       // . 1893. 3. . 243257;  . .    //    /  . . . . ., 1897. . 332.       ,           .].  ,          .       ,     ,       ,          [5 -   (   ) , , ,      .             ,     .        -   ,    XX         .          ,       ,        .           . ,     (Worobec Christine D. Horse Thieves and Peasant Justice in Post-Emancipation Imperial Russia // Journal of Social History. 1987. Vol. 21. 2. P. 285286, 288).].

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        1897 [6 -   ,        -     , ,        ( .     1897 . (. ) //  . 1897. 9. . 407424).],      ,   20  (  21 )   .        ,    .          , ,       ,   ,  ,     .       ,         .     ,       ,         .           .

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  ,     ,               [9 -        :  .      ,     .   . 1861. 1. . 359361.].        ,     ,   . ,      ,   .

                 .          :  ,  !   ,     ,   ![10 -  . . ,   . . 106107.]     .        ,     ,         .              .   ,        .

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   ,                     .      ,   ,         ,    ,   .   ,  ,    -  ,  :  ,      [13 -  . . 108109.].         .

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     ,    ,    ,    ,   ,   ,      ,   ,            .     ,      ,    ,            ,          ,  ,  ,        ,      ,       ,       ,  [14 -  . . 167. ,        腻,    ,          ,   ( .     // :        .  :  . , , . ., 2007. 11).  . .].


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         XIX        ,        ,       . -   ,            ,    .                  XVII  XIX .          ,    ,    ,       ,         ,   ,    .     ,   XIX , ,         ,     .  ,         ,     ,       ,      1905 [15 -     .: Neuberger J. Hooliganism: Crime, Culture, and Power in St. Petersburg, 19001914. Berkeley, 1993.].    ,   ,    ,       ,   ,     ,          .

                     .        ,             ,   ,  ,    ,  ,           .                 ,    ,     ,      [16 - Foucault M. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. New York, 1973; Foucault M. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 19721977. New York, 1980. . :  .   .   . ., 1996;  .   :   , 19701984:  3 . ., 2002. . 1.].

           .        ,    ,         ,              ,   ,   .           ,      .          , ,   .   ,        ,      .

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   ,          .      XI ,         XVIXVII .          . ,   ,    ,  ,    .   ,             ,      ,   ,   . ,        ,         . ,       .   ,   ,     , ,   ,        ,       (, ).                 [17 - .: Stewart C. Demons and the Devil: Moral Imagination in Modern Greek Society. Princeton, 1991. P. 146.].     ,        ,   .

,          , ,    ,   , ,      .   ,  ( )        :     ,                    . ,       ,         .        ,    ,    .

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,          ,     .      ,  XIX      ,     . ,     .   ,   [ ]    ,    [18 - Clark S. Thinking with Demons: The Idea of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe. Oxford, 1997. P. 109.].     XIX          ,     XIX     .          ,  1840?    ,     ,  ,     ,       .    ,     ,   ,    .            .       XIX   ,               ,      ,       .

   ,           ,       .        ,          ,        XVIII  XIX ,  ,         ,      .                  [19 - Steinberg M. D. Stories and Voices: History and Theory // Russian Review. 1996. Vol. 55. 3. P. 348.].        ,    ,           .

       XVIII ,           ,           .      ,        .  ,     ,       ,         XIX ,          .

                     .      ,    ,    , ,  ,     .       ,    XIXXX ,         ,           .   ,    -          ,     .           ,  , ,      .          ,      [20 - Harris R. Lourdes: Body and Spirit in the Secular Age. New York, 1999. P. 289.].

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   ,           ,              .     , ,   ,         -,     .        ,      ,     XVII ,               .   ,     ,        ,       XIX       . ,         ,   XIX      .

            ,      .    ,     .    ,        :    ,    .  ,          ,          .   ,    ,   ,       ,       .  ,      .         ,          . ,      ,    ,     ,    ,    .            .

 XIX   XX  ,    ,       .         ,    ,         .            ,    .              -,        ,     ,         ,   ,      [21 - Obeyesekere G. Medusas Hair: An Essay on Personal Symbols and Religious Experience. Chicago, 1981. P. 84, 101, 103, 197.].         .

           ,       XIX .   1860?    :   ,   ,       ,          [22 -    ,    -. , , ,   . 1860. . 14.].       ,      ,    ,      [23 -  . .  :      . Paris, 1995. P. 4849. . :  . .  .  :  15 . ., 1991. . 910.].  1901      . . [24 -  . .  .  //  . 1901. 4. . 114116.],        .  , ,         ( , ,   )  ,      .   ,         ,             .  1903    . .        ,     . ,       1893   ,    13   10 000 [25 -  . - :    //  . 1903. 1011. . 738, 751.].       ,    ,    -  . ,             .   ,       XIX        ,    .        30?   ,            1991 [26 -  1993  1994 ,   ,      , ,      .].      .

   , , ,                 .       ,        ,    .            XIX   XX ,          ,    ,    . ,          ,  ,        XVIII ,   1721 [27 -  : ,    軠 ,      I,     .  . .],       XVIII ,       XIX    ,       .      XVIII    ,    1861 ,      ,    .           , 11     1757  1916 .            .   XX ,        (16851698),      XIX   XX                       XVIII   XX      .

 ,        ,     XIX   XX .  ,    ,  260   ,     1820  1926        ,   ,    ,   .       ,              . ,           ,   ,   XIX ,      .        ,         [28 -                 . . ;        .  203     .         ,          .          ,      ,         ,   ,     :    []   ?   ,   ?         ?       ?     ?     ?  ,     ,    ?   ,     ?     ?    ,    ,    ,     ?          ?     ?      ,    ,     ,      ?   ,   ,   ,  ,  ? .:   -:      . .  (   .) / . . . , . . . ., 1993. . 400.     ,         .  . .].       ,   ,     ,     .      ,      ,     ,    ,      . ,   ,       ,       [29 - Goldberg A. Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness: The Eberbach Asylum and German Society, 18151849. New York, 1999. P. 8.].

,           ,  80             1861  1917 .     ,    .              ,    .  ,                 ,   .            ,      (,     [30 -   .       ,    ,   :     ,  ,       .        ,    ,   . . .])   XVIII   XIX , ,       ,    ,   .       ,   ,   ,          ,  ,      [31 -         (Frank S. P. Crime, Cultural Conflict, and Justice in Rural Russia, 18561914. Berkeley, 1999. P. 15).].        .

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      ,      ,  ,     .            ,    , ,          ,  .   ,        ,          , , ,       XVI  XVII [32 -        (Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries / Eds. B. Ankarloo, S. Clark. Philadelphia, 1999),   (Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries / Eds. B. Ankarloo, G. Henningsen. Oxford, 1989),   (Briggs R. Witches and Neighbors: The Social and Cultural Context of European Witchcraft. New York, 1996)    (Caciola N. Discerning Spirits: Sanctity and Possession in the Later Middle Ages. Ph. D. diss. Ann Arbor, 1994).      ,     Thinking with Demons     .          (Klaits J. Servants of Satan: The Age of the Witch Hunts. Bloomington, 1985).].              .       ,   .  ,        ,   XV   ,     [33 -        (Walker Bynum C. Holy Feast and Holy Fast. Berkeley, 1987)        (Caciola N. Discerning Spirits).].   ,         (,  ,    ,       ,     ),         [34 - Clark S. Thinking with Demons. P. 441.].          ,   .

 ,    ,  ,           ,       .       ,  ,                 [35 - Rousseau G. S., Porter R. Introduction: The Destinies of Hysteria // L. S. Gilman, H. King, R. Porter, G. S. Rousseau, E. Showalter. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley, 1993.].       ,      -                 [36 - Porter R. The Body and the Mind, The Doctor and the Patient: Negotiating Hysteria // L. S. Gilman et al. Hysteria Beyond Freud. P. 228.].

   , ,     ,       .        :    ,             , .        IV        (           DSM-I[37 -  2021    DSM-V,   2013 . . .]V)  1994 .        ,       , DSM-IV, ,      ,   ,    [38 -  ,       ,       ,  ,       . .: Good Byron J. Culture and DSM-IV: Diagnosis, Knowledge and Power // Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 1996. Vol. 20. 2. P. 127132; Lewis-Fernandez R. Cultural Formulation of Psychiatric Diagnosis // Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 1996. Vol. 20. 2. P. 133144.].             ,    ,  ,   ,           .      ,   .                [39 -         .: Goldberg A. Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness: The Eberbach Asylum and German Society, 18151849. New York, 1999. P. 8.].

          ,      . ,     , ,   ,      .     ,    .  ,  ,       ,   .        ,  :   ,      ,        [40 - Levy J. E. Some Comments upon the Ritual of the Sanni Demons // Comparative Studies in Society and History. 1969. Vol. 11. 2. P. 226.].              .

                .   XIX    ,        .        ,     .                      .   ,                ,        .     , ,   ,          ,   ,      [41 -    .        ,          . . .].  ,              . ,            ,    , ,         .                 ,        .

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 1.     



  1720     ,   ,              ,          .      - [42 -    (16611726)    ,  -  1719  1726 . . .]    -,    I   ,     [43 - ,       ,   :                 ,   ,        .       1726 ,    1731?      ;     1762   III,         II   ,    ,     I  1801  (     ). . .],  [44 -      (). . 7. . 1. . 75. . 11, 13 . ( ,    ).  I     1718 ,     .      1762 . . LeDonne J. Absolutism and Ruling Class: The Formation of the Russian Political Order, 17001825. New York, 1991. . 123, 124, 125.].  ,   ,     ,  12  1720           ,    :  .  ,   ,     ,    ,    ,       ,       .     ,  :   , ,   ,                ,    ,     .       ,        , ,     ,  ,       .    ,   ,    .      1720            ,      .  ,      ,    , 6 ,         ,     [45 -      . . .].    ,   .       , ,  17  1720            ,       .   ,                     .       ,  ,       ,           腻[46 - . . 7. . 1. . 75. . 11, 13 .]

          .   ,  18     .      ,           ,   .    ,  ,           .       ,       ,          :       [47 - . . 7. . 1. . 75. . 11, 5 .       .         (Temkin O. The Falling Sickness: A History of Epilepsy from the Greeks to the Beginnings of Modern Neurology. Baltimore, 1971).   ,        ,       ,    .        : ,          (Temkin O. The Falling Sickness. P. 85).]. 22      .      ,   ,            .    ,    -   ,     ,  :  ,    ,     ,   ,   , , ,    .         ,      .   , 7 ,     :            ,         .        [48 -    ,         ,       ,      ,             . . .].            ( )[49 - . . 7. . 1. . 75. . 1, 5 .].

   ,  1866 ,        (     1652  1666 )     . ,         ,           .  ,             .   1866         ,       :    ?   .          ,       -     .        ,          ,       ,  .            . ,   ,  :       ?  ,   - ,      .     ,      ,     .   ,  ,    .     ,     , ,                ,              . ,   ,    ,      [50 -      ,      . .:  . .    ,      //          . ., 1887. . 110111.].

   ,   1911 ,                        (  [51 -            . . .])    .   ,   4   -    ,     [52 -  .     //   . 1911. 19. . 126.            1903 ,              ?       .             ,     .    II      1911   ,                (Freeze G. L. Subversive Piety: Religion and the Political Crisis in Late Imperial Russia // Journal of Modern History. 1996. Vol. 68. 2. P. 327).].       ,     ,    , ,     .       ,                  .       ,           ,      .          .      [ ],             .         ,              [53 - ?     (),         .        ,     , ,   .    ,        ,        ,   ,      . . .].  ,                   .       ,    ,        .   ,  !..     .   ,            .   :



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 ,   ,   ,                     . ,     ,           ,      ,     .              .

                   XVIII  XIX ,          .      XVIII          ,  ,     .      ,     ,       [57 - Freeze G. L. Institutionalizing Piety: The Church and Popular Religion, 17501850 // Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire / Eds. J. Burbank and D. L. Ransel. Bloomington, 1998. P. 220.].        ,    -,     .  ,     ,    ,           ,        .    XIX        ,          ,        .  ,           ,              ,     XX .       ,   ,     .   XVIII     ,     ,     .     XIX   XX ,               .

  XIX     .              ,       .      ,             ,       ,   ,      [58 -       ,              (Flint V. I. J. The Rise of Magic in Early Medieval Europe. Princeton, 1991. P. 6).].    ,         XVIIIXIX     ,  , ,  .  ,       ,     ,        ,     . ,      .

          ,       ,         .      ,         ,                   [59 -          ( .       . ., 2004; Seeking God: The Recovery of Religious Identity in Orthodox Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia / Ed. S. K. Batalden. DeKalb, Ill., 1993. P. 45)]. ,           ,  ,       .              ,     ,    ,   ,          [60 - Maguire H. Magic and the Christian Image // Byzantine Magic / Ed. H. Maguire. Washington, D. C., 1995. P. 51.].        XVII   ,      ,  ,    ,     .     ,     ,    ,        [61 -      .: Levin E. Supplicatory Prayers as a Source for Popular Religious Culture in Muscovite Russia // Religion and Culture in Early Modern Russia and Ukraine / Eds. S. H. Baron and N. S. Kollmann. DeKalb, 1997. P. 96114.].    ,              ,    .       ,       .   ,      .          ,  ,   ,    ,      ,    .         .  ,  ,     ,                XVIII ,            ,        XVIII .




 


  XVIII   I      ( - , 17101716),  -   (17181725),   1725   )   ,    ,         .        ,   .       ,   ,    .   , ,       .

  ,  I   ,            .      [62 -    ,   . .        .   ,        .    ,    . , muscovite period  ,      ,   (    1547  1721 ). . .]        ,     .            [63 -   ,   ,    , : 1)   ; 2) ,    ; 3) ,    ; 4)    .  . .],      ,       . , ,    1551     ,   ,   .          .  ,  1552?,  IV (15301584)    ,   ,        ,   ,                    [64 -    . 15501582 //  ,     . 13341598. ., 1841. . 1. . 252.    ,     .  . .].   XVII    (16291676)    :           ,       .             1652 [65 -      14  1653          . . .]    [66 - . . 41.  22;  . . 1. . 154. . 252.         ,           ,   (. Kivelson V. Identifying Witches and Sorcerers: Political Sorcery in Muscovy, 14671584 / ,   Conference on Cultural Identity in a Multicultural State: Muscovy 13591584, Los Angeles; Kivelson V. Through the Prism of Witchcraft: Gender and Social Change in Seventeenth-Century Muscovy // Russias Women: Accommodation, Resistance, Transformation / Eds. B. E. Clements, B. A. Alpern, C. D. Worobec. Berkeley, 1991. P. 80; Kivelson V. Patrolling the Boundaries: Witchcraft Accusations and Household Strife in Seventeenth-Century Muscovy // Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 1995. 19. P. 322).  1649       (.      ()  1649 .). . 1. . 1. . 1.1,  :  . .               XVIII . .  . . . . . ., 1987. . 107.].

               XVII  ,       .       XV . ,    ,  ,       ,           .  XVII        ,      ,      .      ,          [  ]   [67 - Keenan E. L. Afterword: Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy // Religion and Culture in Early Modern Russia and Ukraine / Eds. S. H. Baron, N. S. Kollmann. P. 204.].

   ,    ,       .           ,               ,       ,   ,    [68 -   XVII   ,    . ,  1677           (Dix K. S. Madness in Russia, 17751864: Official Attitudes and Institutions for Its Care. Ph. D. diss. Los Angeles, 1977. P. 217).].       ,   ,   XVII    [69 - LeDonne J. P. Absolutism and Ruling Class.].       1636 ,          ,      ,     ,      .         ,           XVII .    ,         ,       . ,       .   ,      ,   [70 -    ,       , , ?   .  I, ,    ,   1716      ( . .,  . .,  . .    . ., 1984. . 115, 132, 151152).].    XVII      I,     - ,      .     ,      ,          ,            [71 - Ibid. P. 124, 202.].

 ,   ,  I  7  1715 .   ,          ,     ,       ,    ,      .   ,     , ,   ,        .   :



  714    7  8 ,  -              ,      ,       ,  ,    ,                 ,         ,    ,  ,  ,       ,   ,    ;               ,     ,     ;   7  8  ,      ,    ,    ,    ,     ;      ,           ;     ,    ,      [72 - .  16491825. . 5 (17131719). 2906.      (Cracraft J. The Church Reform of Peter the Great. London, 1971. P. 290).].


     ,  ,       ,   ,      ,      .

  I   1715      .   1716      ,  ,  [73 - . . 5. 2985.][74 -       30  1716 ,    ,  ,  , ,  ,       .      ,       ,          (. .   ). .: . . 5. . 3006. . 17.].   1721 ,          ,      ,      .

 ,  ,       I.          ,        ,   ,       ,    ,    ,     [75 - .  [URL: https://lib.pravmir.ru/library/readbook/1340;   13.04.2022].       (The Spiritual Regulation of Peter the Great / Ed. and trans. A. V. Muller. Seattle, 1972. P. 15.)].         ,   ,      ,   ,    ,      [76 - .  [URL: https://lib.pravmir.ru/library/readbook/1340;   13.04.2022].].       ,  ,   ,      ,         .                 .          ,         ,  ,   .     :          [77 -         squallers (.   . .)    ,    1720?    .      ,    ,   ,            (  The Present State and Regulations of the Church of Russia. London, 1729. Vol. 1. P. 38    The Spiritual Regulation of Peter the Great / Ed. and trans. A. V. Muller. Seattle, 1972. P. 109).].                  ,     .      ,         ,   .  ,          1722 ,   ,    ,             [78 - . . 1. . VI. . 3963;              . . 1. . 2. . 532.].

            ,      (17301740)  ,       .          ,   ,     . 25  1731  ,      ,     ,      :



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  ,    ,      :         ,       :        [79 - . . 1. . VIII. . 5761;   . . 7. . 2451.].

                       1733         .             .    (  ,    )      ,    ,   27 ,       ,    ,   ,     .       .     ,    .     ,      ,       (  ).         .         ,    ,        ,     ,          [80 -   . . 8. . 2719.].

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  ,    ,     []      ,      ,                     ,          [81 - . :  .   .    .    //  . 1905. T. 122. 4.].


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   ,   ,           .  ( )       1701 ,      ,       .       .  [82 -        . . .]                 [83 -          . . .],        .  ,    ,           , ,              .     ,        ,         ,             [84 -  .    //  . 1905. T. 122. 4. . 163, 159, 161.].

        ,          .   15     ,              .  ,                     ,     ,    ,   .     ,       .            ,         ,         .       ,                      [85 - . . 1. . X. . 7450.].

    ,               .    , ,  1737             . ,      ,             ,      ,  .      -               ,      [86 -          :  .    //  . 1905. T. 122. 4. . 145156.].      ,   ,        .            .   ,  ,     ,   ,    ,      [87 -   XVIII     (17221794)   ,    ,     (       //     :        ,    ,       / . . . ., 1993).].   ,                ,   , ,   ,  .              ,  ,  ,  ,      ,          1730  1737     ,  .    ,     ,    .     .

 1737        .            .         ,       ,    ,    ,      , ,   .     .  ,   ,      , ,   ,    .    1737    ,      ,       ,     ,       ,       ,    .      [88 -  .    //  . 1905. T. 122. 4. . 156157.].

-    ,    ,      ,      ,  ,      .   1737            ,         .        ,            .   ,       ,    [89 -  . . 157.].

     .      ,    ,     ,           .     300    ,         ,     .        ,    ,      . , 11  1740  ?           ,  207 ,   [90 -  . . 15758.]. ,         ,        ,    ,        .

      -       ,     .    ,   ,           I  1760  (.  1.1),    :  1720             ,   ,     [91 - . . 7. . 1.      . . 553.].         ,   .       ,      (17091762)    .      ?        .     ( 1746 )     ( 1750 )   ,      .   ,        ,   ,     .       ,       ,         . ,  1752 ,                 ,       .      ,           .  ,          ,      (  III)         [92 - . . 7. . 1. . 1082, 1323, 1548  1572.   (. 1970)   ,   ,       .].



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,   ,      ,  ,      .      ,   ,      ,       .      . ,      ,            ,     ,    ,        XVIII        .    ,         XVIII ,    ,        I,      1730? [93 - LeDonne J. P. Absolutism and Ruling Class. P. 16566].

 . .   ,         :      ,   ,  .   198      ,    XVIII ,         ,     , ,    , ,     .   50     ,    ,           [94 -  . .        XVIII        // Rossica. 1996. 1. P. 36.].      (   5:1)          ,      , ,   .

          ,  ,           ,       .    1737   ,        ,   1746        ,     ,      [95 - . . 1183. . 1746. . 407. . 1.    . : Freeze G. L. Institutionalizing Piety. P. 224. . .]. ,  1751 , ,  , ,           ,      .     ,    ,     ,    ()    (),   . ,              17201730? ,   .     ,    ,   ,  ,     ,   .  ,  21,  ,     [96 -    ,      . 1751. . 31. . 1314;  . .               XVIII . . 51.].

    ,       ,            1754 .  , ,               1751   1752 ,   , , , ,            ,           ⅻ.    ,              ,   ,        ,      .      ,  ,    , ,   ,         .  ,         ,     ,     .  ,      ,             [97 -     (). . 796. . 35. . 528.   :  . .  1754 .             //        (). , 1989. . 254260.].

            .          1740     ,          .           ,       ,       ,     [98 - . , 1720. . II. . 46, 47.  :  . .        XVIII        // Rossica. 1996. 1. . 8.].            ,        ,   .   1803    (17391811)[99 -        ,     -. . .]   ,   , ,    , :  ,         ;        .       13-    ,    ,      ,       ,     .   ,   1899 ,  [100 -  ,    42    ,      . . .]       [101 -  .      ,         . 1899. . ., 1992. . 2. . 449450, 457. .  [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Veniamin_Krasnopevkov_Rumovskij/novaja-skrizhal/4_24_27;   13.04.2022].].

,      1770 ,              .  ,        ,               (   [ ]  ).       ,    ,           .   ,   .      ,        . , ,        ,         ,  ,       [102 -    ,      . 1770 . . 50. . 373.].

,       1760? ,         , ,            [103 -           .       ,     ,     ,   . . 230. . 13-2. . 3973;          ,  .   ,     . . 230. . 13-2. . 4018. . .].    1764      ,          ,      .        .     .   ,     1766        .           ,  ,          .    ,    .   ,                 ,       ,            1770 .         ,  ,  , ,      .  ,      ,      [104 -    ,    ?    ,     .          , . .    . . 197 ( ). . 1. . 1. . 3973.1. . 48, 50, 5859.].

 1771      ,         [105 -    . . 50. . 413421.].      ,      ,     ,     .        ,     .               1770 .   ,            ,     ,     .              .  ,                ,       .           .    ,       .

       ,    ,       ,         .               ,    .  ,      ,     .     ,            .     ,      .     ,       , ,     ,         .   ,    ,  ,         ,              . ,        ,       .    ,       .       .   ,        ,   ,        ,    ,     ,       ,   .   ,   ,            ( )          ,  ,    .   ,            ,   ,       ,           .

          : 1752                   .                   .               ,   .             83 .

   ,     ,          ,       [106 -    , ,   .        ,     14- .        ,    ,            . . .].    ,         . ,      ,   :              (       ).

   ,      XVIII     , ,   ,  ,  ,    ,   1770    .        ,             ( )    ,  ,       ,        .     ,     ,      ,      ,      .       ,    ,          .    (  )      ,  ,    ,    .    ,           .           ,      ,         ,   ,     .            ,    ,         [107 -   . . 3. . 1. 1910. . 546547, 570572, 657658, 659.].

   ,    ,  .         , []   ,          . ,        ,      [108 -  . . 659.].    ,      ,    .           ,                 .               .             ,   ,      [109 - . : Maguire H. Magic and the Christian Image // Byzantine Magic / Ed. H. Maguire. Washington, D. C., 1995. P. 51.].   ,    ,      1733 ,    .           ,   ,   .

 ,       ,         .            :   ,      .  ,       ,       I                 ,        .  ,    ,     ,     -  [110 -   . . 3. . 1. 1910. . 658.].  ,   1770       ,            ,      .

          1785      .        19 ,          .  , ,       ,     [111 - . :  .    : - . ., 1910. . 12.].

  XIX      ,           .          ,    ,  ,       .    ,              ,        .    XIX           [112 - Frank S. P. Crime, Cultural Conflict, and Justice in Rural Russia. P. 269270.]. ,          [113 -      1737                     -. -,   XIX          (.  . . ,   . . 50).     , ,    ,         1820  (. . 91. . 2;   .  :  ,  . 17821866 . . 559. . 2323 .).].    ,          ,            .

  , , -          ,      .           .               ,    ,           .         ,           .




   


      ,        ,      [114 - Stewart C. Demons and the Devil. P. 82.].  ,     ,  .    , ,     ( , ,   ),        ,        ,   [115 - Pelikan J. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (6001700). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974. Vol. 2. P. 22022. .  [URL: https://www.reformed.org.ua/2/61/6/Pelikan;   13.04.2022].].   ,    ,      ,      ,  ,       .    ,        ,     .   ,        , ,   .         .    ,            ,       ,   [116 -       / . ,  . , 1943. . 306308.].         :      ,     [117 -  :     . , 1956. . 167.]. ,      ,   ,          [118 - . : The Doctrine of the Russian Church Being the Primer or Spelling Book, the Shorter and Longer Catechisms, And a Treatie on the Duty of Parish Priests / Trans. Blackmore R. W. Aberdeen, 1845. P. 52, 42.]. ,          ,  ,          .     ,  ,          .  ,       ,       .         .        .

          ,     ,     ,     , ,    [119 -  . . .   . . . , , .     .   .  ,    . 1917. . ., 1994. . 121.].            :  ,   ,   [120 - . :  .    .     [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Ivan_Aivazov/dlja-klira-i-naroda/6;   13.04.2022].].            :   , ,   ,      ,  ,  .     ,      ,   [121 - . :     [URL: https://prichod.ru/katekhizatsiya/PDF/1nedelyaVP16.pdf;   13.04.2022].]. ,  !       .   ,       ,  ,  . ,                     [122 - The Lenten Triodion / Trans. Kallistos Ware and Mother Mary. London, 1978. P. 179, 304, 351, 373.].

         .          ,       ,    ,   ,     ,      ,    ,    .        ,         [123 - Caciola N. Discerning Spirits. P. 281.].

       ,   XVIIIXIX      ,             .         .        ,    ,       .         .


 

          1405         .              ,         .                    ,     [124 - Flier M. S. Till the End of Time: The Apocalypse in Russian Historical Experience before 1500 // Orthodox Russia: Belief and Practice under the Tsars, 14921936 / Eds. V. A. Kivelson, R. H. Greene. University Park, 2003.      ,          .].

      ,  -   . ,    ,   ,        .       XV ,   .          [125 -  . .  . ., 1978. . 113.].       ,    ,   -      - ,   . ,           .          ,   .      ,      .         ,    ,           ,    .             ,       ,       ,    .      ,       ,        [126 -      :  . .    . ., 1978. . 138; Coomler D. The Icon Handbook: A Guide to Understanding Icons and the Liturgy, Symbols, and Practices of the Russian Orthodox Church. Springfield, Ill., 1995. P. 83; Goldfrank D. M. Who Put the Snake on the Icon and the Tollbooths on the Snake? A Problem of Last Judgment Iconography // Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 1995. Vol. 19. P. 180199.].

         XVII    ,        .      [127 -  . .   XVII . ., 1984. . 164.].            ,    .

        ,     ,     ,    XVIXVII [128 - ., ,   (16401641)       ( . .   XVII . C. 69)    XVI     ( . .  . C. 185).].      ,      ,         ,  .   ,        ,      []    ,       ,    [129 -    XIII            (Caciola N. Discerning Spirits. P. 253).].

          ,    (,   ,      ).         ,    ,        [130 - Ibid. P. 123.].               XIX  ( )[131 - .      : Ikonen: Ein Kalender f?r 1988. Cologne, 1987;           1844  (  .  XVIII  XIX . ., 1994. . 23);   ,    , . Levin E. Sex and Society in the World of the Orthodox Slavs, 9001700. Ithaca, 1989. P. 278.].         ,       .       ,               [132 - Coomler D. The Icon Handbook. P. 85.].   ,   ,      .           .

       .     , ,  ,   ,   ,     .           .    ,        ,           .     ,      [133 - Ibid. P. 140.].    XVI        ,           [134 -  . .  . C. 179.]. ,              1697 ,       [135 -  . .   XVII . C. 134. . 181.].  廠              .       ,     ,     .     ,     :   ,   , ,    .   :        ,     ,   .  ,  ,   ,          ( )      ,   .   ,     ,     ,     .

    ,          XVI ,       (14801556).       ,    .     ,    ,     ,       ,      [136 -    / .-. . . . ., 1995. . 53.].                 .       XIX ,



        ,          ,     ,     . ,  ,  ,   ,   ,  ,      ,  ,      ,    [137 -  .      ,         . . 1. . 54. .  [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Veniamin_Krasnopevkov_Rumovskij/novaja-skrizhal/4_24_27;   13.04.2022].].


      ,    ,  ,  [138 - Caciola N. Discerning Spirits. P. 72.].             .          ,   XV      ,              .


 

         .    ,       ,                 .    , ,           XVIII   XIX    .  ,                ,      .              XV      ,       XVIII .

                    .  ,  ,  -,       .  ,        .       ,      :  ,    .          ,     . ,   XV ,        ,     (,    ,     ),    ,   .         ,      ,    -,    ,     :        ,     .       ?   ,  ,  ,   ,  ,              [139 - Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes / Ed. and comp. M. Kantor. Ann Arbor, 1983. P. 207.].

,   -             XI   XII [140 -    :    -   XIII .  . .],        .           ,        .        .    -     []    ;       ,   : ,      ,  , , .         .         [141 - The Paterik of the Kievan Caves Monastery / Trans. M. Heppell // Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature, English Translations. Cambridge, Mass. 1989. Vol. 1. P. 146147.].

   ,   ,         XV .              ,       XIIXIII .   ,              [142 - Bushkovitch P. Religion and Society in Russia: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. New York, 1992. P. 101, 103.].

  ,        ,    , ,  ,         .        .            ,          [143 -           . : Thyret I. Ecclesiastical Perceptions of the Female and the Role of the Holy in the Religious Life of Women in Muscovite Russia. Ph. D. diss. Seattle, 1992. P. 2023, 28.].      ,  ,         ,        ,   .

       (  1397   ,    -),    XV ,         .        : ,   , ,        ,       . ,     :



  ,  ,   ,    .         ,      ,     ,     ,      .    ,  ,  .        ,               [144 - . :    //    . ., 1999. . 7:   XV . . 196217.].


                 ,        :



          .          , ,     ,      ,        .    ,    ,           .       ,   , ,   ,    .                ,         .               ,      [145 -    ,      :  . .,  . .,  . .  ,    . ., 1994. C. 138139.].


       ,             .  , ,       ,      ,          .   ,         ,           .      ,       .      ,    [146 - Caciola N. Discerning Spirits. P. 76.].  ,    :   ,   .

             ,  .        ,   ,    ,      .



        ,     ,       .       ,     :  ,  ,  -    .         .   ,  .    :       ,    ,        [147 -  . .,  . .,  . .  ,    . C. 144147.].


                 .        ,      .          .

     ,   .  ,      .    ,  ,   ,     (    ,    )     (59%        62%   ).      ,                  .     ,  ,     :  25%      [148 - Thyret I. Ecclesiastical Perceptions of the Female and the Role of the Holy in the Religious Life of Women in Muscovite Russia. P. 50, 52, 54; Thyret I. Muscovite Miracle Stories as Sources for Gender-Specific Religious Experience // Religion and Culture in Early Modern Russia and Ukraine / Eds. S. H. Byron, N. S. Kollmann. P. 121.].

                XVIXVII .  ,    ,    .       ,   ,        ,           ,               .  ,         .           ,     ,  ,    ,  ,     [149 - Thyret I. Ecclesiastical Perceptions of the Female and the Role of the Holy in the Religious Life of Women in Muscovite Russia. P. 64, 69, 7980; Thyret I. Muscovite Miracle Stories as Sources for Gender-Specific Religious Experience P. 122124.].

           (    1547 ,    ),        [150 -  . .,  . .,  . .  ,    . C. 138167, 286307.].      ,    ,  ,     .       - ,     ,               [151 -  . C. 140141.]. ,             .

         (    ).  ,           , ,           .    ,        , , ,      .       ,           ,       [152 -  . C. 290297.].

   ,               ,      ,           .     :      :       ,      [153 -  . C. 296297.].     ,      ,       .

          ,         ,          ,       .          .  ,       ,         [154 -  . C. 294295.].

    ,    :  ,   ,     .      ,  ,   .           [155 -  . C. 292293.].  ,     ,          ,  .

                XVIXVII ,         .                 ,   ,              ,         ,     .   ,       ,     ,    . ,           ,    .           .              :    ,     [156 -    :  . .     XVII :     . 1998. . 109.].             ,    (    ).            ,     .   ,   ,  ,         [157 -  . . 105.].

             ,           .  ,           ,   ,     ,      .     ,   ,    ,  1702  1709 [158 -   (16511709)      ,       XVIIXVIII .  - ,             .    ,    ,    ,      ,   .   .:   [].     . , 1961. . 269286.], ,          XVIII .   232  ( 243 )   1753  1762 ,    ,       1757 [159 -  XXIV:          //    . . 32. 1752. . 9831150. ,  .   1750? ,     , , , .   .: Freeze G. L. Subversive Piety. P. 320; Freeze G. L. Institutionalizing Piety. P. 242, 64.].          (     ,     ),    .  241 ,       ,   20%            ,     (, , , , , , ,   ).  45%     ,   28%      .        ,        3,3:1.        XVII   4  18  ( 22%),    ,  [160 -  . .    ,      //        . 1887. . 1. . 81114.      1666 ,       .].       (  )               XVIII [161 - Hilandar Research Library, Ohio State University, Saratov State University Collection 1255. Iavlenie i chudesa tolgskoi ikony Bogoroditsy so slovom pokhval nym i sluzhboi. (   1689  1711 .)].     XVIII     :               41%[162 -  XXII.                //    . . 32. 1752. . 931962.].      ,            XVIII .

          ,    XVIII   ,  ,    .              1670? .    XVIII ,        .    ,   ,      ,        .   ,             ,      ,   .      ,      ,            .           :    ,      :            . ,        ,   ,   -        .     ,   . . ,   .                 XVIII     ,  .           ,      , ,      ,   , ,  ,    ,    ,       .          .      ,        :



       ,      ,        ,   ,     ,    ,  ,  ,     ,   ,   ,     ,     ,          . .[163 -  . .     XVII . . 112, 82, 114.]


      ,  ,    .

              .             ,                .   ,        ,  ,     .    , ,     .         XVIII ,           .

         ,     ,              .        -        ,     ,         .   ,  ,                  .          .   ,         1743    .             .



     ,              ,       .         ,    ,     ,           ,      .        .


  ,           [164 -    . . 32. . 990.].    ,        .

          .       ,             ,       . ,            , ,     .             ,         ,       ,   .      :    ,      ,            ,    [165 -  . . 32. . 994, 1140.].           ,        ,    . ,       ,          ,  ,      ,  ,    .

         ,     XIX     .                          . ,  51 ,    ,     ,    ,         1861 ,  18     ,   ,     ,  ,    .                    [166 -  .       .  ,   . ., 1896. . 193216;  . .  ,        .    . 1898; rpt.: Jordanville, N. Y., 1965. . 132143, 158185.].       .                .

  XIX            ,   .      XVII ,      1896 [167 -    ,   (  -)     ,    ,  ,  ()   ().   ,    ,    ,  ,    ,    ,     (   )       ( . . -  ,   //  .   ,    . 1896. . 36. 3. . 87, 86).],    5  1895  ,        [168 - . : [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Zhitija_svjatykh/svjatitel-chudotvorets- feodosij-uglitskij-arhiepiskop-chernigovskij/;   14.04.2022].].                ,             [169 -   :  26   5  1896 .   1916,        ,   //   . 1896. 2. . 15. . 3: 380;    //   . 1896. 17. . 439444.].        .     ,       ,   ,  ,  ,     ,     [170 -   ,    . 1896. . 18. 36. . 580.].   (27%)   ,        ,    ,        (  70%  )[171 -  . 1896.   1824. . 619622, 641649, 663669, 721726, 743747, 803807, 866870.].     ,   ,            .

      1896           .       1903             ,        ,   .     ,                    ,      .       ,   ,     .


   

  1894 ,       ,       ,     ,                  .              1870?  1880? ,      :  ,   ,  -,        .     ,        ,     ,   ,    [172 -    (     ) //    . 1894. . 35. . 1. 6. . 148.].   ,    ,      [173 -  . . 149.].      ,  ,       .            ,     . ,        ,    1721 ,      XIX . ,       , 



     ,        ,     ,    ,      ,       ,    [174 -    (     ) //    . 1894. . 35. . 1. 4. . 82.].


 ,        ,       ,     [175 -    (     ) //    . 1894. . 35, . 1. 4. . 8188; 1896. 6. . 145151; 1894. 7. . 172174.].        ,     ,       ,    ,    [176 -    (     ) //    . 1894. . 35. . 1. 6. . 151.].          ,    (     ).           ,        [177 - . .     //    . 1894. . 35. . 2. 24. . 149154.].

      ,  ,   .            1894           1896??     ,   ,    XIX               ,   .   ,                  . ,  ,      ,  .    , ,        ,  .           .  ,        ,       ,    .

           ,    (17591833),     XIX .    ,              I (18011825)[178 -          -,       1810 ,      ,     .         2000     .      .: Nichols R. The Orthodox Elders (Startsy) of Imperial Russia // Modern Greek Studies Yearbook. 1985. 1. P. 1011.].  -   (    ,    XVIII        )   ,      .      ,          ,    [179 -           :  -  / .  . ., 1903. . 514515, 518, 526527, 739.          . :    //   . 1903. . 3. 3. . 6465.].     ,   [180 -    ,        ,         ,    ,    . . .],  , ,          ,   1903 [181 -    //   . 1903. 3. . 65.    ,           .].    ,    ,    ,   ,     ,    [182 -       . ., 1903. . 810.].                    [183 -  . .      //  ,    . 1904. 12. . 19, 100108.].    ,   ,     [184 - ,     ,  . , 1907. . 131134.].          1913    (16851698)[185 - . . 796. . 195. . 1449 [ ].].

 ,      ,     .   ,    ,    .    ,  ,    .           ,  . ,  ,            ,      , ,   ,     ,  ,        -  .

     , ,  ,    XIX     .            , ,      , ,   .  ,          20  1912 ,             .    ,          ,     .   ,       ,     :      - ,          .     ,        .   1912    ,      ,    .   ,           .       ,    19  1912 .         ,  . ,         ,   .    ,      [186 -  . 11. . 124 ., 125.].

    4  1912             .  ,    ,          30  .   ,                 1911 ,    ,    .      ,   -   .  ,      ,     ,   ,               ,            [187 -  . 11. . 125, 125 ., 126, 126 .].

           ,   - ,      .           ,       ,             . ,    ,      ,   ,  ,  ,    .  , ,  ,        ,  ,    ,    ,      ,   , ,           . ,      ,    ,    .  ,   ,     ,  .        , ,   ,    ,      ,     .      ,    ,       ,      .       ,         ,       . ,   -  ,    ,                , ,   ,  ,    ,      [188 -  . 11. . 126 . 127, 127 .].

      ,           ,    ,      ,  .              ,  ,      ,       -.       .    ,  ,     ,  ,          .     ,          ,        ,   [189 -  . 11. . 98 ., 99, 99 .; 11. . 131137 .].      .

  ,          .       .  ,        ,   ,         ,       .               .      ,                  , ,                     ,    [].      ,     ,             ,      ,  ,  ,    . ,  ,        ,     ,    ,   ,             ,      ?    ,  ,               ,    ,   , .      . ,  ,   . [,]    : .  ,  ,      .  [190 -  .          //   . 1912. 56. . 661, 663664, 666, 668, 674675, 752, 759, 765.].

 ,    XX        ,    ,       .   . ,     ,        ,  .  ,         ,      . ,    ,    ,      ,   ,   .  ,             .     ,       ;           ,     .         , ,   ,   ,    . ,    ,     ,    ,   ,    ,    ,       [191 -  .      //   . 1913. 12. 1913. . 2728, 29, 172, 174178, 182183, 184.].     ,   ,    ,    ,     ,         ,           .

         ,      XX ,            . ,               1903 .  ,    , ,             ,      .          :     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  [192 -  .   .   //  . 1903. . . 516, 525.].                :



   .                ,    ,    ; ,   ,       ,   ,     ;      ;    -,   ,   ;         ;    ,  ,     [193 -    //   . 1903. 14. . 441.].


          . :   ,   ,  ,   [194 -  .].      ,        ,       .

            .            ,     .  ,     ,    ,   ,        ,   ,      [195 -  , .    .     ,   //   . 1912. 7. . 859.].

         :            .                  ,           ,    .   ,    ,       ,   .

           .        XIX        ,    [196 -   []             ,       II (Todd III W. M. Dostoevskys Russian Monk in Extra-Literary Dialogue: Implicit Polemics in Russkii vestnik, 18791881 // Christianity and the Eastern Slavs: Russian Culture in Modern Times / Eds. R. P. Hughes, I. Paperno. Berkeley, 1994. Vol. 2. P. 125).].  ,  , ,  ,     ,     ,    ,    [197 -  - . . .],  - , -    ,  -      -    [198 -  . . ,   . . 100, 176;  . .     //  ,    . 1903. 910. . 662, 749;  . .    1900 . ., 1900. . 54.].   ,  ,         .

        ,    ,    .     .            ,     ,     ,       .    ,    ,       ,    ,     ,           [199 -  XIX       ,       ( . .  .   //  . .  . ., 1903. . 18. . 165166).].   ,          , ,        .   ,            ,     .

   ,      ,     (18291908)[200 -       19051907 ,       .         1964 ,      1988?.      .: Kizenko N. The Making of a Modern Saint: Ioann of Kronstadt and the Russian People, 18551917. Ph. D. diss. New York, 1995;  Kizenko N. Ioann of Kronstadt and the Reception of Sanctity, 18501988 // Russian Review. 1998. Vol. 57. 3. P. 325344.].    ,                    .   ,      ,       1880? ,        .       ,    ,         .        ,      ,   ,     [201 -           .:   []. . ., 1995. . 174, 181.   .:  . .   . rpt., Forestville, Calif., 1980. . 6264, 131, 187, 191, 26061, 26270, 294.].  ,          .     ,   [ ]  :     ,     ,        ,       -  :     ,  ,       ! !   ,       ! !     !  . .     ,  -  [202 -     . . 2219. . 1. . 72. . 1, 2,   . Kizenko N. The Making of a Modern Saint: Ioann of Kronstadt and the Russian People, 18551917. Ph. D. diss. New York, 1995. P. 158.   . : . .    . . 1997. . 187) [URL: https://www.sedmitza.ru/text/537366.html;   08.04.2022].].              .    ,  ,   .  ,   ,    ,     .       ,    ,    [203 - . .    ,   . [ ], 1902. . 70, .  Kizenko N. The Making of a Modern Saint. P. 171.   . : . .     (  ) //       . ., 1998. . 1132 [URL: https://www.eparhia-saratov.ru/Content/Books/127/kronshtadski.pdf;   08.04.2022].].  ,      ,            ,   [204 -                        ,      ,    ( . [. . ].   : , 18981905. ., 1960. . 4445).].

        ,         .         .  :



          ,       ,    :     ,  ,      ,  ,   , , , , ,       ;                , -        ,      , ,     ,           . [205 - . :  .  . .        [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Ioann_Kronshtadtskij/mysli-hristianina-o-pokajanii-i-prichashenii/;   08.04.2022].].


          ,    ,      .  , , .

  ,    ,            . ;  ,      ,     ,  , ,   ,       [206 - Spiritual Counsels of Father John of Kronstadt / Ed. and trans. W. J. Grisbrooke. London, 1967. P. 155. . :  .  . .        [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Ioann_Kronshtadtskij/mysli-hristianina-o-pokajanii-i-prichashenii/;   08.04.2022].].







    ,        .   ,                .   XVIII    ,   ;   ,        .  XVIII         ,   ,          .   ,     ,       ,       .         XVIIIXIX     .      XIX     ,         .   ,     ,    .

         ,  ,      .    ,      ,     ,   XIX       .          .   ,                XX .  ,             ,      1903           , ,        ,        .    ,  ,        ,    ,           .




 2.  



 1820?            ,     .      ,           ,                .        ,        .        ,        ,       .       ,  ,    ,     ,     .        ,   ,   .           ,      ,   ,   ,     .          ,       -     .

        ,            .  ,   , , , , ,  ,    ,       ,     ,    ,            ,     .        ,            , ,   . ,  , , ,                   . ,     ,   ,         .[207 -            -      ,          . .: Obeyesekere G. Medusas hair: An essay on personal symbols and religious experience. Chicago, 1984. P. 102, 103;  Obeyesekere G. The Ritual Drama of the Sanni Demons: Collective Representations of Disease in Ceylon // Comparative Studies in Society and History. 1969. Vol. 11. 2. P. 174216.    .: Levy J. E. Some Comments upon the Ritual of the Sanni Demons //Comparative Studies in Society and History. 1969. Vol. 11. 2. P. 217226.        . ,             .       ,         ,     ,   ,      (Schieffelin E. Evil Spirit Sickness, The Christian Disease: The Innovation of a New Syndrome of Mental Derangement and Redemption in Papua New Guinea // Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 1996. Vol. 20. 1. P. 139, . 6).          -          .]

  ,       .    ,    ( ,  )     ,                   .            , ,          .

     ,      .    ,     ,             ,         .        ,    ,           ,   ,        .   ,         ,    ,      ,  ,    ,  , ,          .          ,     .  ,       ,    ,         .

  ,  . .  (,     1898 ,    ),   ,     ,     : ,    , ,   .      . ,  ,   ,      ,     .     ,      ,      ,    !         :    , ,          ,   ,  ,    .  ,      [208 -  . . ,   . . 162.].

             ,      ,     ,      [209 - Macfarlane A. Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England: A Regional and Comparative Study. London, 1970. P. 3, 103; Geertz C. Ethos, World View, and the Analysis of Sacred Symbols // C. Geertz. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York, 1973. P. 130133; Thomas K. Religion and the Decline of Magic. New York, 1971. P. 543.].       ,             ,      -  .    ,      ,   .

,      ,   ,        .     ,   ,   ,        ,    .      . , ,       ,     .       .     ,       ,    .        ,     ,    ,          [210 - Rowland R. Fantastical and Devilish Persons: European Witchbeliefs in Comparative Perspective // Early Modern European Witchcraft / Eds. B. Ankarloo, G. Henningsen. New York, 1990. P. 165; Sabean D. W. Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early Modern Germany. Cambridge, 1984. P. 109110.]. ,               ,  .

      ,       :  1861   ,   ,  ,   (87%  ,    ,   66%         1861  1917 ),     ,        [211 -          1820  1926   260  149 (129   20 )     ( 1861  1917 ).  100           80  ,   , ,      .           ?    ,  ,       ,      .     . .      ,           18611917 .].          .         ,     ,       ,             .            .        ,              .           ,    ,     .    ,           ,   ,   ,   .      ,        ,      ,           .        ,      ,        [212 -         (Schieffelin E. Evil Spirit Sickness, The Christian Disease // Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 1996. Vol. 20. 1. P. 30, 28).]. , ,       ,      .       ,         . ,     ,           , ,   ,    .

       ,      . -,  ,    (   )   ,     . ,          ,        . -,     .  ,          . ,    ,   , ,  ,           [213 - Obeyesekere G. Medusas Hair. P. 80.].    ,   ,           ,   ,         ,    .    .      , ,      ,  .       ,   ,    ,     .       .    , ,  ,            .      ,         ,         ,   .   ,   ,       ,     (,     ),      ,    [214 -  .  ,           , , ,  ,   ,    ,      ( .  - :     . . . . ., 1903. C. 26).].   ,   ,        .          . ,  ,   ,    ,       ,           .

       .  ,      , , ,       . ,    ,         ,   .  5% ,      ,   .               ,     .               ,           ,   . ,       ,     .            ,    XIX        ,       . ,             .             ,            .                 .   ,       ,       ,       ,    .     .

       ,        ,   .   ,          .                      1896 .        ,  ,     ,      .  ,         -   (     )          .  ,     ,   ,          ,    .       ,       ,        ,   .                ,         .   1897 ,  50%       [215 -      .  1905   ,             ,     (Krawchenko B. Social Change and National Consciousness in Twentieth-Century Ukraine. New York, 1985. P. 264265,  102; P. 264,  95).].

              ,  ,        ,     ,    ,  -   .  ,           ,   ,    [216 -           ,        .                 -    . ,  XVII ,    ,    ,   .      XVII   XVIII               XIX .     . .  . 111.].       ,            ,          .




 


            ,      .   ,               .                     .

              .     ,     ,         ,   [217 -    .: Levin E. Dvoeverie and Popular Religion.  .      : Shevzov V. Chapels and the Ecclesial World of Prerevolutionary Russian Peasants // Slavic Review. 1996. Vol. 55,  3. P. 585613; Shevzov V. Miracle-Working Icons, Laity, and Authority in the Russian Orthodox Church, 18611917 // Russian Review. 1999. Vol. 58,  1. P. 2648; Shevzov V. Popular Orthodoxy in Late Imperial Rural Russia. 2vols. Ph. D. diss. New Haven, CT, 1994. : Kizenko N. The Making of a Modern Saint; Kizenko N. Ioann of Kronstadt and the Reception of Sanctity // Russian Review. 1998. Vol. 57. 3. P. 325344; Worobec C. D. Death Ritual among Russian and Ukrainian Peasants: Linkages between the Living and the Dead // Cultures in Flux: Lower-Class Values, Practices, and Resistance in Late Imperial Russia / Eds. S. P. Frank, M. D. Steinberg. Princeton, 1994. P. 1133.].       ,      ?  .

 XIX             ,   .       ,   ,    [218 - Freeze G. L. Institutionalizing Piety. P. 210249; Freeze G. L. The Rechristianization of Russia: The Church and Popular Religion, 17501850 // Studia Slavica Finlandensia. 1990. 7. P. 101136; Freeze G. L. Subversive Piety. P. 308350; Shevzov V. Chapels and the Ecclesial World of Prerevolutionary Russian Peasants // Slavic Review. 1996. Vol. 55,  3; Shevzov V. Miracle-Working Icons, Laity, and Authority in the Russian Orthodox Church, 18611917 // Russian Review. 1999. Vol. 58,  1; Shevzov V. Popular Orthodoxy in Late Imperial Rural Russia. 2vols. Ph. D. diss. 1994.].           , ,            .     ,    ,    ,      [219 - ONeill M. R. From Popular to Local Religion: Issues in Early Modern European Religious History // Religious Studies Review. 1986. Vol. 12. 34. P. 222223.].

       ,     ,      ,   ,    ,         .          .           ,           ,         ,   .

  XIX       ,    ,   ,   .  ,          ,  ,          ,                 .

              ,      .    ,        [220 -  .      ,         . . 1. . 54. . : [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Veniamin_Krasnopevkov_Rumovskij/novaja-skrizhal/4_24_27;   13.04.2022].]




  .


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notes



1


        .  . .




2


     . . :  . . ,        . , 1890. . 93, 99109, 114.  1890?            ,     ,              .   1894         ,      ,     ,     ( . 1894. 17 ).   1894  ( . 1894. 28 )          (  ,      ).           1898 ,      .         ( 46 ),    8200  ( . 1898. 15 ).




3


  1895           , ,   ,     ( . 1895. 15 ).




4


  1890                     . .  . .       // . 1893. 3. . 243257;  . .    //    /  . . . . ., 1897. . 332.       ,           .




5


  (   ) , , ,      .             ,     .        -   ,    XX         .          ,       ,        .           . ,     (Worobec Christine D. Horse Thieves and Peasant Justice in Post-Emancipation Imperial Russia // Journal of Social History. 1987. Vol. 21. 2. P. 285286, 288).




6


  ,        -     , ,        ( .     1897 . (. ) //  . 1897. 9. . 407424).




7


 . . ,        . , 1890. . 100.




8


 . . 100102.




9


       :  .      ,     .   . 1861. 1. . 359361.




10


 . . ,   . . 106107.




11


        ,  ,    .         ,     ,      .




12


 .




13


 . . 108109.




14


 . . 167. ,        腻,    ,          ,   ( .     // :        .  :  . , , . ., 2007. 11).  . .




15


    .: Neuberger J. Hooliganism: Crime, Culture, and Power in St. Petersburg, 19001914. Berkeley, 1993.




16


Foucault M. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. New York, 1973; Foucault M. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 19721977. New York, 1980. . :  .   .   . ., 1996;  .   :   , 19701984:  3 . ., 2002. . 1.




17


.: Stewart C. Demons and the Devil: Moral Imagination in Modern Greek Society. Princeton, 1991. P. 146.




18


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19


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   ,    -. , , ,   . 1860. . 14.




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 . .  :      . Paris, 1995. P. 4849. . :  . .  .  :  15 . ., 1991. . 910.




24


 . .  .  //  . 1901. 4. . 114116.




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 . - :    //  . 1903. 1011. . 738, 751.




26


 1993  1994 ,   ,      , ,      .




27


 : ,    軠 ,      I,     .  . .




28


                . . ;        .  203     .         ,          .          ,      ,         ,   ,     :    []   ?   ,   ?         ?       ?     ?     ?  ,     ,    ?   ,     ?     ?    ,    ,    ,     ?          ?     ?      ,    ,     ,      ?   ,   ,   ,  ,  ? .:   -:      . .  (   .) / . . . , . . . ., 1993. . 400.     ,         .  . .




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30


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31


        (Frank S. P. Crime, Cultural Conflict, and Justice in Rural Russia, 18561914. Berkeley, 1999. P. 15).




32


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33


       (Walker Bynum C. Holy Feast and Holy Fast. Berkeley, 1987)        (Caciola N. Discerning Spirits).




34


Clark S. Thinking with Demons. P. 441.




35


Rousseau G. S., Porter R. Introduction: The Destinies of Hysteria // L. S. Gilman, H. King, R. Porter, G. S. Rousseau, E. Showalter. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley, 1993.




36


Porter R. The Body and the Mind, The Doctor and the Patient: Negotiating Hysteria // L. S. Gilman et al. Hysteria Beyond Freud. P. 228.




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        .: Goldberg A. Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness: The Eberbach Asylum and German Society, 18151849. New York, 1999. P. 8.




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41


   .        ,          . . .




42


   (16611726)    ,  -  1719  1726 . . .




43


,       ,   :                 ,   ,        .       1726 ,    1731?      ;     1762   III,         II   ,    ,     I  1801  (     ). . .




44


     (). . 7. . 1. . 75. . 11, 13 . ( ,    ).  I     1718 ,     .      1762 . . LeDonne J. Absolutism and Ruling Class: The Formation of the Russian Political Order, 17001825. New York, 1991. . 123, 124, 125.




45


     . . .




46


. . 7. . 1. . 75. . 11, 13 .




47


. . 7. . 1. . 75. . 11, 5 .       .         (Temkin O. The Falling Sickness: A History of Epilepsy from the Greeks to the Beginnings of Modern Neurology. Baltimore, 1971).   ,        ,       ,    .        : ,          (Temkin O. The Falling Sickness. P. 85).




48


   ,         ,       ,      ,             . . .




49


. . 7. . 1. . 75. . 1, 5 .




50


     ,      . .:  . .    ,      //          . ., 1887. . 110111.




51


           . . .




52


 .     //   . 1911. 19. . 126.            1903 ,              ?       .             ,     .    II      1911   ,                (Freeze G. L. Subversive Piety: Religion and the Political Crisis in Late Imperial Russia // Journal of Modern History. 1996. Vol. 68. 2. P. 327).




53


?     (),         .        ,     , ,   .    ,        ,        ,   ,      . . .




54


 .     //   . 1911. 19. . 126127.




55


                  ,      []      (Harley D. Explaining Salem: Calvinist Psychology and the Diagnosis of Possession // American Historical Review. 1996. 101. P. 328)




56


 1686        ,          ,   ,          I. . .




57


Freeze G. L. Institutionalizing Piety: The Church and Popular Religion, 17501850 // Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire / Eds. J. Burbank and D. L. Ransel. Bloomington, 1998. P. 220.




58


      ,              (Flint V. I. J. The Rise of Magic in Early Medieval Europe. Princeton, 1991. P. 6).




59


         ( .       . ., 2004; Seeking God: The Recovery of Religious Identity in Orthodox Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia / Ed. S. K. Batalden. DeKalb, Ill., 1993. P. 45)




60


Maguire H. Magic and the Christian Image // Byzantine Magic / Ed. H. Maguire. Washington, D. C., 1995. P. 51.




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     .: Levin E. Supplicatory Prayers as a Source for Popular Religious Culture in Muscovite Russia // Religion and Culture in Early Modern Russia and Ukraine / Eds. S. H. Baron and N. S. Kollmann. DeKalb, 1997. P. 96114.




62


   ,   . .        .   ,        .    ,    . , muscovite period  ,      ,   (    1547  1721 ). . .




63


  ,   ,    , : 1)   ; 2) ,    ; 3) ,    ; 4)    .  . .




64


   . 15501582 //  ,     . 13341598. ., 1841. . 1. . 252.    ,     .  . .




65


     14  1653          . . .




66


. . 41.  22;  . . 1. . 154. . 252.         ,           ,   (. Kivelson V. Identifying Witches and Sorcerers: Political Sorcery in Muscovy, 14671584 / ,   Conference on Cultural Identity in a Multicultural State: Muscovy 13591584, Los Angeles; Kivelson V. Through the Prism of Witchcraft: Gender and Social Change in Seventeenth-Century Muscovy // Russias Women: Accommodation, Resistance, Transformation / Eds. B. E. Clements, B. A. Alpern, C. D. Worobec. Berkeley, 1991. P. 80; Kivelson V. Patrolling the Boundaries: Witchcraft Accusations and Household Strife in Seventeenth-Century Muscovy // Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 1995. 19. P. 322).  1649       (.      ()  1649 .). . 1. . 1. . 1.1,  :  . .               XVIII . .  . . . . . ., 1987. . 107.




67


Keenan E. L. Afterword: Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy // Religion and Culture in Early Modern Russia and Ukraine / Eds. S. H. Baron, N. S. Kollmann. P. 204.




68


  XVII   ,    . ,  1677           (Dix K. S. Madness in Russia, 17751864: Official Attitudes and Institutions for Its Care. Ph. D. diss. Los Angeles, 1977. P. 217).




69


LeDonne J. P. Absolutism and Ruling Class.




70


   ,       , , ?   .  I, ,    ,   1716      ( . .,  . .,  . .    . ., 1984. . 115, 132, 151152).




71


Ibid. P. 124, 202.




72


.  16491825. . 5 (17131719). 2906.      (Cracraft J. The Church Reform of Peter the Great. London, 1971. P. 290).




73


. . 5. 2985.




74


      30  1716 ,    ,  ,  , ,  ,       .      ,       ,          (. .   ). .: . . 5. . 3006. . 17.




75


.  [URL: https://lib.pravmir.ru/library/readbook/1340;   13.04.2022].       (The Spiritual Regulation of Peter the Great / Ed. and trans. A. V. Muller. Seattle, 1972. P. 15.)




76


.  [URL: https://lib.pravmir.ru/library/readbook/1340;   13.04.2022].




77


        squallers (.   . .)    ,    1720?    .      ,    ,   ,            (  The Present State and Regulations of the Church of Russia. London, 1729. Vol. 1. P. 38    The Spiritual Regulation of Peter the Great / Ed. and trans. A. V. Muller. Seattle, 1972. P. 109).




78


. . 1. . VI. . 3963;              . . 1. . 2. . 532.




79


. . 1. . VIII. . 5761;   . . 7. . 2451.




80


  . . 8. . 2719.




81


. :  .   .    .    //  . 1905. T. 122. 4.




82


       . . .




83


         . . .




84


 .    //  . 1905. T. 122. 4. . 163, 159, 161.




85


. . 1. . X. . 7450.




86


         :  .    //  . 1905. T. 122. 4. . 145156.




87


  XVIII     (17221794)   ,    ,     (       //     :        ,    ,       / . . . ., 1993).




88


 .    //  . 1905. T. 122. 4. . 156157.




89


 . . 157.




90


 . . 15758.




91


. . 7. . 1.      . . 553.




92


. . 7. . 1. . 1082, 1323, 1548  1572.   (. 1970)   ,   ,       .




93


LeDonne J. P. Absolutism and Ruling Class. P. 16566




94


 . .        XVIII        // Rossica. 1996. 1. P. 36.




95


. . 1183. . 1746. . 407. . 1.    . : Freeze G. L. Institutionalizing Piety. P. 224. . .




96


   ,      . 1751. . 31. . 1314;  . .               XVIII . . 51.




97


    (). . 796. . 35. . 528.   :  . .  1754 .             //        (). , 1989. . 254260.




98


. , 1720. . II. . 46, 47.  :  . .        XVIII        // Rossica. 1996. 1. . 8.




99


       ,     -. . .




100


 ,    42    ,      . . .




101


 .      ,         . 1899. . ., 1992. . 2. . 449450, 457. .  [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Veniamin_Krasnopevkov_Rumovskij/novaja-skrizhal/4_24_27;   13.04.2022].




102


   ,      . 1770 . . 50. . 373.




103


          .       ,     ,     ,   . . 230. . 13-2. . 3973;          ,  .   ,     . . 230. . 13-2. . 4018. . .




104


   ,    ?    ,     .          , . .    . . 197 ( ). . 1. . 1. . 3973.1. . 48, 50, 5859.




105


   . . 50. . 413421.




106


   , ,   .        ,     14- .        ,    ,            . . .




107


  . . 3. . 1. 1910. . 546547, 570572, 657658, 659.




108


 . . 659.




109


. : Maguire H. Magic and the Christian Image // Byzantine Magic / Ed. H. Maguire. Washington, D. C., 1995. P. 51.




110


  . . 3. . 1. 1910. . 658.




111


. :  .    : - . ., 1910. . 12.




112


Frank S. P. Crime, Cultural Conflict, and Justice in Rural Russia. P. 269270.




113


     1737                     -. -,   XIX          (.  . . ,   . . 50).     , ,    ,         1820  (. . 91. . 2;   .  :  ,  . 17821866 . . 559. . 2323 .).




114


Stewart C. Demons and the Devil. P. 82.




115


Pelikan J. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (6001700). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974. Vol. 2. P. 22022. .  [URL: https://www.reformed.org.ua/2/61/6/Pelikan;   13.04.2022].




116


      / . ,  . , 1943. . 306308.




117


 :     . , 1956. . 167.




118


. : The Doctrine of the Russian Church Being the Primer or Spelling Book, the Shorter and Longer Catechisms, And a Treatie on the Duty of Parish Priests / Trans. Blackmore R. W. Aberdeen, 1845. P. 52, 42.




119


 . . .   . . . , , .     .   .  ,    . 1917. . ., 1994. . 121.




120


. :  .    .     [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Ivan_Aivazov/dlja-klira-i-naroda/6;   13.04.2022].




121


. :     [URL: https://prichod.ru/katekhizatsiya/PDF/1nedelyaVP16.pdf;   13.04.2022].




122


The Lenten Triodion / Trans. Kallistos Ware and Mother Mary. London, 1978. P. 179, 304, 351, 373.




123


Caciola N. Discerning Spirits. P. 281.




124


Flier M. S. Till the End of Time: The Apocalypse in Russian Historical Experience before 1500 // Orthodox Russia: Belief and Practice under the Tsars, 14921936 / Eds. V. A. Kivelson, R. H. Greene. University Park, 2003.      ,          .




125


 . .  . ., 1978. . 113.




126


     :  . .    . ., 1978. . 138; Coomler D. The Icon Handbook: A Guide to Understanding Icons and the Liturgy, Symbols, and Practices of the Russian Orthodox Church. Springfield, Ill., 1995. P. 83; Goldfrank D. M. Who Put the Snake on the Icon and the Tollbooths on the Snake? A Problem of Last Judgment Iconography // Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 1995. Vol. 19. P. 180199.




127


 . .   XVII . ., 1984. . 164.




128


., ,   (16401641)       ( . .   XVII . C. 69)    XVI     ( . .  . C. 185).




129


   XIII            (Caciola N. Discerning Spirits. P. 253).




130


Ibid. P. 123.




131


.      : Ikonen: Ein Kalender f?r 1988. Cologne, 1987;           1844  (  .  XVIII  XIX . ., 1994. . 23);   ,    , . Levin E. Sex and Society in the World of the Orthodox Slavs, 9001700. Ithaca, 1989. P. 278.




132


Coomler D. The Icon Handbook. P. 85.




133


Ibid. P. 140.




134


 . .  . C. 179.




135


 . .   XVII . C. 134. . 181.




136


   / .-. . . . ., 1995. . 53.




137


 .      ,         . . 1. . 54. .  [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Veniamin_Krasnopevkov_Rumovskij/novaja-skrizhal/4_24_27;   13.04.2022].




138


Caciola N. Discerning Spirits. P. 72.




139


Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes / Ed. and comp. M. Kantor. Ann Arbor, 1983. P. 207.




140


   :    -   XIII .  . .




141


The Paterik of the Kievan Caves Monastery / Trans. M. Heppell // Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature, English Translations. Cambridge, Mass. 1989. Vol. 1. P. 146147.




142


Bushkovitch P. Religion and Society in Russia: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. New York, 1992. P. 101, 103.




143


          . : Thyret I. Ecclesiastical Perceptions of the Female and the Role of the Holy in the Religious Life of Women in Muscovite Russia. Ph. D. diss. Seattle, 1992. P. 2023, 28.




144


. :    //    . ., 1999. . 7:   XV . . 196217.




145


   ,      :  . .,  . .,  . .  ,    . ., 1994. C. 138139.




146


Caciola N. Discerning Spirits. P. 76.




147


 . .,  . .,  . .  ,    . C. 144147.




148


Thyret I. Ecclesiastical Perceptions of the Female and the Role of the Holy in the Religious Life of Women in Muscovite Russia. P. 50, 52, 54; Thyret I. Muscovite Miracle Stories as Sources for Gender-Specific Religious Experience // Religion and Culture in Early Modern Russia and Ukraine / Eds. S. H. Byron, N. S. Kollmann. P. 121.




149


Thyret I. Ecclesiastical Perceptions of the Female and the Role of the Holy in the Religious Life of Women in Muscovite Russia. P. 64, 69, 7980; Thyret I. Muscovite Miracle Stories as Sources for Gender-Specific Religious Experience P. 122124.




150


 . .,  . .,  . .  ,    . C. 138167, 286307.




151


 . C. 140141.




152


 . C. 290297.




153


 . C. 296297.




154


 . C. 294295.




155


 . C. 292293.




156


   :  . .     XVII :     . 1998. . 109.




157


 . . 105.




158


  (16511709)      ,       XVIIXVIII .  - ,             .    ,    ,    ,      ,   .   .:   [].     . , 1961. . 269286.




159


 XXIV:          //    . . 32. 1752. . 9831150. ,  .   1750? ,     , , , .   .: Freeze G. L. Subversive Piety. P. 320; Freeze G. L. Institutionalizing Piety. P. 242, 64.




160


 . .    ,      //        . 1887. . 1. . 81114.      1666 ,       .




161


Hilandar Research Library, Ohio State University, Saratov State University Collection 1255. Iavlenie i chudesa tolgskoi ikony Bogoroditsy so slovom pokhval nym i sluzhboi. (   1689  1711 .)




162


 XXII.                //    . . 32. 1752. . 931962.




163


 . .     XVII . . 112, 82, 114.




164


   . . 32. . 990.




165


 . . 32. . 994, 1140.




166


 .       .  ,   . ., 1896. . 193216;  . .  ,        .    . 1898; rpt.: Jordanville, N. Y., 1965. . 132143, 158185.




167


   ,   (  -)     ,    ,  ,  ()   ().   ,    ,    ,  ,    ,    ,     (   )       ( . . -  ,   //  .   ,    . 1896. . 36. 3. . 87, 86).




168


. : [URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Zhitija_svjatykh/svjatitel-chudotvorets- feodosij-uglitskij-arhiepiskop-chernigovskij/;   14.04.2022].




169


  :  26   5  1896 .   1916,        ,   //   . 1896. 2. . 15. . 3: 380;    //   . 1896. 17. . 439444.




170


  ,    . 1896. . 18. 36. . 580.




171


 . 1896.   1824. . 619622, 641649, 663669, 721726, 743747, 803807, 866870.




172


   (     ) //    . 1894. . 35. . 1. 6. . 148.




173


 . . 149.




174


   (     ) //    . 1894. . 35. . 1. 4. . 82.




175


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176


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