,   .    
 


  
 Diablo III      Blizzard?  Halo   ?    ,  Uncharted? ,       Witcher-3  Destiny,      ,     ,       . ,           ,       ,     .

 Amazon     .

         :  (https://journal.litres.ru/v-chem-ih-fenomen-5-legendarnyh-kompyuternyh-igr-kotorye-izmenili-mirovuyu-kulturu/)

  PDF A4    .





 

,   .    



  ..,    , 2018

 .   , 2018




   


     .  . ,  , ?     !   ,    !       !     ,   ,  .

     

    . ,  , ,          ,             .

  :     ,     .           .

 polishing,  ,    .                        .   :    (!) ,      , ,  ,   ,    .   ,      ,   .

      ,   :     ,    .       ,    ,  ,      .           (    ,       ).

,      ,    .     ,  ,         .      (      ),      . -     .   , ,    ,       ,     .   ,      ,   ,      .

   ,        .   ,    ,            .                     ,  ,     (  )   .      .

         - ,      .       .  ,     ,            (    ) .

                   .  !



  ,

         













,     .      :           .            .    ?

  ,     .    - , , .    ,  ,      .  , ,    ,       .  ,                ?      ,       ,   ,        .     ,         3[1 - 3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo)       .   3       ,        ,       .],         [2 -     (feature complete)   ,          ,    .     ,     ,        ,    .].

    .    .       : ,    .     ,           .       ,        .  ,  ,    ,     .

  -    . ,      ,   -  FPS[3 - FPS (frames per second),           .       .     .]       . [4 -  QA-.     :    (   QA  quality assurance)   -   ,            .    .     QA-     ,      ,       ,       .]      ,    ,       Metacritic[5 - Metacritic   - ,     .        ,      .]. -         ,      .   3     ,      .     ,             ,   - .

          The Game Awards[6 - The Game Awards     ,       .    .]    , ;   ,       .

-       ,   .   .   ,  , ,       ,     :           [7 -  (gameplay)  .].         [8 -  (crunch)  ,     ,      .      ,     ,       .],      80100   ,          . -    ,      ,        ,       .    ,    -  ,       ,   .

 ,  ,      .

, ,  .     .

           . ,     -   ,    ,     .     -     GDC[9 - GDC (Game Developers Conference)      ,     ,    -      .],        ,   ,     ,        .      ,    ;      ,        .    -? ,    ,  ,        .

      ,       ,         ,   .      , ?             ,    ,    ? ,  ,    80-    ;  ,    ,     ,       .      ,      30    [10 -   Entertainment Software Association  2016 . . .].         ,        ?        ?

     ,     :   ,   .        ,    ,         ,     ,         .

    .    .      ,  ,    ,     Kickstarter  Pillars of Eternity   Obsidian Entertainment    .     ,  ,   ,    ,       ,      Stardew Valley.       ,     Dragon Age: Inquisition,     Uncharted4,    ,      Star Wars 1313  LucasArts.

      ,       .   ,    - -:    ,     ,       .       ,      !         !      ,           .        .

    :         .          .           .    ,        :     iPhone   RPG      .     ,    ,        .    ,    ,      -.       -          .

      ?  ,   ,        ,       .

1. .  ,      .      ,            ,    .   ,    ( ,  )        ,    .      ,    .      ,   .     -,   , 1)     , 2)       , 3)      .    ,    ,       - : ,       !

2.  .            .   ,  ?     .     ,  Obsidian:            .  ,         ,            .     .  ,          .   ,    ,    .

3.  .              ( Photoshop  Maya)      .     .    ,            .      ,  ,   -  ,    .  ,         ,   -   .          .        .

4.   .        ,   ,  ,   Halo Wars[11 -        ,    ,        ,       ,   .       :    ,    ,    . . .].     ,  ,   ,   ,         .   ,  ,  .   :   ?    ,   ,   ?       ?      ?        .     ?  ,      [12 -  (art)  .     ,   : 3D?, , ,    ,    .    -       ,       ,    ,     .  -        .],     .     ?         ,    ?    ?    .   ,              .       .      .      

5.    ,  ,    . , ,       ,    ,       ,  ,     ,    -   .        ,   ,   Naughty Dog.      !  ,         .     ,     ,    .

 ,    ,    .         .      - .              .          3,     (     )    .    , ,   ,   ,        .

       ,      .  ,  :      ,    ,         ,  ,    . ,  , :    ,     ,      ,    .



 ,      (  Super Plumber Adventure). ,            .   ,     [13 -  (outsourcing)    .      :      ,          .        .]  -.   ,       .           ,     ;       ,  ?      Dark Souls[14 -  ,   . . .].  -  ,       ,            ,   .

   3  ,  ,       ?   ,  .       ,      Metacritic 90 ,      - .

 , -   . , . ,   .             .    .




   


,    ,            .     20152017.      .   :     ,        ,           . , , ,      .   ( )   ,        .

   , ,   ,   .     .           ,          .

        -, , ,  .      ,             . ,   ,    .   ,      , .      .




1

Pillars Of Eternity


      - .   ,       ,     :   -?

  2012   ,  Obsidian Entertainment,      . Obsidian    ,  ,  .        RPG Stormlands.       : , ,       Microsoft,   ,     RPG,       , Xbox One,     .       ~115  Obsidian      . , ,  .    Microsoft   .

       .    1991 :    ,  ,      Black Isle Studios,  Interplay  2003 ,    .           Black Isle  Obsidian,    ,           .            ,   .

       .        ,        .           RPG    , Fallout Baldurs Gate.       ,        -.     ,       ,              ,  .         ,           .  .   ,              .    . .

 12  2012     .   SMS   Stormlands   Microsoft:    .      ,   .     ,     ,  .    ,   ,    .

 Microsoft   : Stormlands .           .

  ,  Microsoft  ,   Obsidian    ,      .   :       RPG,   RPG,   .  Obsidian  ,  ,    Stormlands,     .  ,    ,  Microsoft  .

,     Stormlands, ,        ,     , ,   Microsoft,     .      Xbox One  Kinect     ,      . ,  Stormlands      Kinect   ? Xbox One   ,         Microsoft,             ,          ?      ,         ,   .



 2003    Ѡ   BLACK ISLE  OBSIDIAN, Ƞ  ,           .


  Stormlands      .  ,  Microsoft   ;    Obsidian  .      ,      .       ,  .       . ,   .

  ,  ,       .     10                 . ,    ,  Stormlands,      500   .   ,   Stormlands            Microsoft,      .     ,    ,         South Park: The Stick of Truth.      :  , THQ, [15 -  THQ    ,   2012 ,         ,    .   South Park: The Stick of Truth    Ubisoft. . .].

      Obsidian     ⠫  ,     ,    ,  ,    .        .    ,   ,    .    .            .

  ,  ,  Microsoft  Stormlands       .      , ,       .        ,  ,        ,   .         ,     ,  ,   ,  Stormlands.     ,   ,      .      ,    :      ,     . , ,       ,        .

    . Obsidian       ,    Stormlands,  ,    .    ,    .   .   ,   , -[16 - - (game director)  ,     . ,   director   . , , ,          ,   -     .] Stormlands.  . ,            .

 2003  Obsidian   ,          ,   .         :    ,  , Aliens: Crucible  RPG,    Sega       .      .       .  ,   ,   Obsidian   :  ?

        ,        ,   Double Fine,    . Double Fine     -      ,       .

        :   ,    . ,   :  ,     ,            . ,           ,        . ,  Bethesda  Obsidian    ,     Fallout: New Vegas   Metacritic   85 ( 100).    ,     ,      84 . ( Obsidian  .)

    Obsidian Double Fine   : 1)  , 2)        3)      ,      .   - -                     ,    .

Double Fine   : Kickstarter,   [17 -  (crowdfunding)          .         :    ,    ,    ,        ,    ,  -   .],  2009 .          .   ,    - .      Kickstater     ,           .  2011       ,    2012- Double Fine  Kickstater-     Double Fine Adventure[18 -   2015    Broken Age.      ,   Double Fine     . . .].

   .    Kickstarter    ; Double Fine        .   2012 ,    Microsoft  Stormlands, Kickstarter- Double Fine  : 87142       3,3  .            .       Obsidian      .

Kickstarter      .  , -                .        ,      .      ,     .

    .

  ,       Obsidian     . South Park: The Stick of Truth      ,    ,   .  South Park -              ,     . Obsidian     .       ,    Stormlands,      ,   .

 Double Fine Adventure       Kickstarter   .      .      -,    .    Stormlands:    ,   .    ,  Kickstarter     Obsidian    .   ,    ,    ,      Double Fine Adventure.      3,3 ,    ?

   .       .  ,   ,         .    ,    ,  ,       ,        ,     ,    .    ,    ,   Stormlands,        .

  . Obsidian          .    Ubisoft Activision      Might & Magic Skylanders.   Bethesda    Prey 2 (     )[19 -    Prey 2    Human Head Studios  ,    ,   Prey 2   Prey            Arkane,        2017-. . .].    -   Stormlands          Fallen;      Obsidian,  [20 -  Fallen  RPG   Tyranny. Obsidian     2016-. . .].



   .    KICKSTARTER    ; DOUBLE FINE        .   2012,    MICROSOFT  STORMLANDS, KICKSTARTER- DOUBLE FINE  : 87142       3,3  .


,          .          :  Xbox 360 ( 2005) PlayStation 3 (2006)    ,      .         -  iPhone  iPad.          ,    ,     Xbox One PS4[21 -      ,      . ȠPS4, Xbox One   . . .].

  2012-  Obsidian    . -    ;     . ,      South Park,   ,     :   ,  ,     .    ,  .   .    ,        .        ,  ,            ,         ,    South Park.

        :    Kickstarter-.      Obsidian,     ,   ,       .    ,           ,   -      .

    ,         .      ,       Kickstarter      Obsidian   ,     [22 -         Obsidian   Interplay  ,    Kickstarter     Wasteland 2. . .].            ,     Kickstarter.

 Obsidian   ,     RPG.        Black Isle  ,       Interplay.        RPG  Icewind Dale, Planescape: Torment Baldurs Gate.      :        Dungeons & Dragons;         ;      ,   ,         ,    .           Infinity Engine,    .

    .  RPG      :        ,       .           The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim  RPG  Bethesda,   2011      30 [23 -    , - Skyrim.         Glixe   2016-. . .].         . ,     RPG  Black Isle,   ,       ,    .

 Obsidian      Dungeons & Dragons,           [24 -   (Magic Missile)   D&D.  (Underdark)       . . .].        ,      Icewind Dale Baldurs Gate.   ,    RPG  ,    3D-.             Kickstarter   , , , Obsidian                  .



  OBSIDIAN   ,     RPG.


        ,    PowerPoint   ,   ,     Project Eternity.       ,      Obsidian       (,  ,        Fallout).     Kickstarter-,      ,        ,       .   ,  .       ? ,  ,   ?    ?   ?   ,  ,  ,   Kickstarter  65 .               140 .

     Obsidian     .    D&D  . Project Eternity      RPG,    ,         .   ,  Kickstarter-   1,1  ,    ,      .         ,   .  .        Kickstarter-  .

                  .   ,   Project Eternity     ,      ?    -   ,      .   Eternity       ,    .     ,        .        ,  .    ?   .

       .    (, ,    ),  (   :           Eternity  , ),    .      .     ,    ,        .     ,         ,               RPG. ,    RPG,      .  .   Obsidian, Eternity         Baldurs Gate, Icewind Dale Planescape: Torment,        .

               .     ,     Kickstarter,  ,   .        :    ?     ? , ,  10  2012    Obsidian   ,       . -                  ,    RPG  Obsidian,       .           ,     ,   ,     , ,      ,    ,       .

       Obsidian       Mail.Ru        . Mail.Ru      World of Tanks,       (       ).       .            Obsidian    ,    RPG-,  ,        ,      ,    Armored Warfare.

  2012  Armored Warfare          .   ,        Kickstarter  .   .

 , 14  2012 ,   Obsidian           , ,       .         , ,       ,      Kickstarter  .       .   ,     800 . ?!   .   2700.  5000 .     .

    Obsidian Entertainment 14  2012 ,  , ,   ,     .     .        ,    F5  ,   ,    Project Eternity  Kickstarter.    !       ,      ,     ⠫   ,      ,        ,     Kickstarter.      700 .

       , [25 -  (update)     ,        .       Kickstarter   .]  .       Project Eternity   1,1 ,           -       .                  (  ,   ,      ).

     ,       ,      ,     ,          .     .   ,    ,      .  ,         ,   ,   ,        ?            ,  Eternity  3,5 .

16  2012 ,    Kickstarter-,  Obsidian    .           ,      Stormlands,   ,       .  ,     ,      .  ,    ,     3986794       ,   ,     ,         .

   ,   PayPal    Obsidian,      5,3  [26 - ,           (,   ),    ,       4,5 . . .].        ,               RPG    ,       .     .  Armored Warfare Project Eternity Obsidian      .       . -     ,   ,   ,   .

    .



    ,   ,   ,     ,     . Kickstarter- ,   . .   .

           ,       ,  Eternity.   ,    ,      Baldurs Gate,     Dungeons & Dragons ,       ?     ,       ?     ?   ?    ?      ?   ?   ?   ?



  ,    ,      . ʠ,         ,   ,   ,        ?


         ,         .    Stormlands,    Eternity  -.  ,    ,    ,    ,      ?    .           ,   ,   .  8085%        ,                      ,   .

          ,          .           ,    .       ,    Eternity    .      .       Kickstarter-      ,         .      ,           .



                KICKSTARTER-.    Ѡ   ,     ,   .


            ,   .           Infinity Engine,   ;       -,       .      , Baldurs Gate 2,     .     Project Eternity,      ,    .     ,   :    .    ,   ,    .   ,  -      ,  .  , .    ,  - :   ,  ,      .

                Kickstarter-.        ,     ,   .      (10     ) Obsidian  , ,          .       .           ,          Kickstarter     ,       .

 , ,  .        .     ,        ,     .       ,       .       :      [27 -         , ,       .     :      ,       ,           .       ,   .],    ,     .   ,  ,  ,              .

    . 150-  120     ,       Obsidian. , .    .    ,          ,  . -    .  : ,  .   ꓻ.

    -  ,     .   3D- Obsidian       Softimage,  2012-           ,   . ( 2014    .)   ,   Obsidian  -       Maya      3D-,       (  Unity[28 -       6,     ,      .     . Unity   -. . .]).

 ,       ,        .     ,   Maya,      .   ,   ,    , - ,  .      ,     ,      ,    ,        .   ,     , ,   :     -?       .

   ,        ,       .        ,    .       ,      .      ,               ,   Eternity    .          ,    .          .    .        .

-   Maya,   - ,           RPG,   ,        .     ,          Infinity Engine.          ,         . ,    ,       ,  Eternity ,   . ,      .  :       .       .               ,        .      ,     ,       ,  .           .

   Kickstarter-   Project Eternity,  ,       ,       ,   ,      .   ,       ,   ,    ,    ,  .     : -   ,  ?        ,   ,     .

    .             ,        .   ,  ,  ,                ,    .    ,    ,   ,   .     .   ,     .     Eternity      .    .        ,        ,       .      .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/dzheyson-shreyer/krov-pot-i-pikseli-obratnaya-storona-industrii-videoigr-35245440/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo)       .   3       ,        ,       .




2


    (feature complete)   ,          ,    .     ,     ,        ,    .




3


FPS (frames per second),           .       .     .




4


 QA-.     :    (   QA  quality assurance)   -   ,            .    .     QA-     ,      ,       ,       .




5


Metacritic   - ,     .        ,      .




6


The Game Awards     ,       .    .




7


 (gameplay)  .




8


 (crunch)  ,     ,      .      ,     ,       .




9


GDC (Game Developers Conference)      ,     ,    -      .




10


  Entertainment Software Association  2016 . . .




11


       ,    ,        ,       ,   .       :    ,    ,    . . .




12


 (art)  .     ,   : 3D?, , ,    ,    .    -       ,       ,    ,     .  -        .




13


 (outsourcing)    .      :      ,          .        .




14


 ,   . . .




15


 THQ    ,   2012 ,         ,    .   South Park: The Stick of Truth    Ubisoft. . .




16


- (game director)  ,     . ,   director   . , , ,          ,   -     .




17


 (crowdfunding)          .         :    ,    ,    ,        ,    ,  -   .




18


  2015    Broken Age.      ,   Double Fine     . . .




19


   Prey 2    Human Head Studios  ,    ,   Prey 2   Prey            Arkane,        2017-. . .




20


 Fallen  RPG   Tyranny. Obsidian     2016-. . .




21


     ,      . ȠPS4, Xbox One   . . .




22


        Obsidian   Interplay  ,    Kickstarter     Wasteland 2. . .




23


   , - Skyrim.         Glixe   2016-. . .




24


  (Magic Missile)   D&D.  (Underdark)       . . .




25


 (update)     ,        .       Kickstarter   .




26


,           (,   ),    ,       4,5 . . .




27


        , ,       .     :      ,       ,           .       ,   .




28


      6,     ,      .     . Unity   -. . .


