 .        
 


  ()
  ,         ?           ,    ,           .

       ,             .

   ,           ,     ,    ,        .

  PDF A4   .

 ? ,    !  PDF-           40%





 

 .        



Amanda Montell

CULTISH

Copyright 2021 by Amanda Montell. All rights reserved.

 .,    , 2023

 .   , 2023

  .         ,      ,   ,    ,   -  ,            . ,                  ,    .


***


 


***




  


        .




 1

  



I.

   .

   13,          .         ,      ,        .       -,    ( ).

  ,     ,   ,                 .   29.    ,     -   ,   .          ,       ,  -         ,               .

 ,      ,   ,    ,          . ,  ,      ,       ,         , ,     ,    ,     .

        ,          ,  .   ,   ,     : !    !

 ,    ,        ,    .       ,     .           ,       - ,      ,   . -    .

     ,  .    .

      ?  , ,  ,  3,  ,   1970-     .     -    .      ?    (  ),   , ,   ,   (   )         [1 -    :       , Huffington Post, 25  2011., http://huffpost.com/entry/the-disturbing-mainstream_b_667026]       1993        .     ?  (  )     .    ?     ,      -.  , ,      [2 -     3   ,         ,   -   .  ,     ,          .   ,             .      3           ,                     . (       ?)],    ,               ,       ,          .

   - ,     18,        3,              .        -   ,             ,        ,  ,      ,  ,  ,  .       ,     3  .   ()   :     ,     ,         .  ,  ,          ,      ,    -  ,          (   ), ,    - .      ,       ,   :  ,    ,    !

  ,   ,     .         .   ,     ,  ,    ,    ,    ,  . ?            .

      3,   ,      . .    .       ,    .       3   -,             ,   .       ,      .         ,      .      ,  .       .           :   .

           3             ,     ,   ,    ,     .       ,      .     :  ,  ,  .         ,    ,      ,  ,       .   ,  -   , ,     . ,  ,   .     ,  , ,  -    .  .   3    .   ,      ,        ,  .    ,      3,          ,    .

 2009 ,       ,      3,       18    -,     .    .           .      [3 -     ,      ,  . . .],      -.      ,       ,  ,     - -. ,     ,       ,              ,  :  ,     .

 -        .         ,     . ,    ,   ,     ,     .      ,  .      ,   .      .    ( ),              .    (  ),  (    ),  (   )    (  ).     ?      (   )        .

     (         )             ,  ,      :    ,   ,  ,     .    ,   ,    .         ,   , , ,      .      .   ,          ,     .  ,      ,   :   ! ( ,            ).    ,    ,  :   .

   ,           ,     400     . (      .      [4 -  :       -       , Marie Claire, 11  2017., https://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/a28684/lululemon-tote-bag-sunscreen/ (https://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/a28684/lululemon-tote-bag-sunscreen/)],   ,   ,      ,   :     -,       ,  軠       ,    ,    ,     ,     .  ,  ,    ?)

   ,      ,       .       ,   ,    ,           .        ,          ,    (    ,   ,    ).

 , , :       ?

: ,      .              3,   ,   .    .     :         ,  ,    [5 -     . . .],       ,             ,   ,            -  ,   ,    -    .

              ,       , -:    ,    ,    ,   ,    , ,   .

         , , ,    ,      -仅 ,     .


II.

        .         2010 .        1960-:  -   ,     .   ,    HBO      (2015)    .        -  (2018).       (  ),     ,    ,           .    ,      .      ,          (2019),         ,        -   .   2020 ,     ,    ,        .  ,  ,   ,   ,      ,         .

,   ,         , .        ,        .

 ,   ,    [6 -   : SBG-TV      ?   (  ), WTOV9, 1  2019., https://wtov9.com/features/drive-safe/cant-look-away-from-a-car-crash-heres-why-and-how-to-stop (https://wtov9.com/features/drive-safe/cant-look-away-from-a-car-crash-heres-why-and-how-to-stop)]     :        (         ),   ,     ,    ,         ,     ,    :         ?     ,        .                   -[7 - -      . . .],      ,      ?            , ,        ,      .    ,         :        ,  ,         ?     ,   :      ?      ?   ?      ,   ?

           ,       .      ?   -!   -         ,       ?  !    .

       .   ,      ,   ,      (    ).             ,     :     ,        ?      ?

 ,       - ,  ,      ,           ( [8 -    ,    . . .] ,      ).

     .      (  )   ,  , ,  ,   ,   ,           ,   ,  .

    ,      ,       , ,   ,  -, -      .   ,     ,  ⻠  ,          .      ,   ,           .   ,   . ,      [9 -      : 1997  39   ,  -,        ,    ,          -    93- .     ,        ,    .          (       ,   ),          .     ,  22     ,   12-  1993      eBay  6600 .]       ,     :     ,            ,    .

     ,                       .         : ,     (   ,   ).        ,        ,        ,     . ,  , ,                   ,             .  ,               ,  .   ,    ,         .

    .        - (   ),         .  1945     - ,        ,         .    ,         -       . ,    ,    ,     ,        .    ,   ,    .  ,     .        .         .

,   ,     ,   ,             ,            .         ,  ,        ,        .        ,     ,    ,    .

 ,     ,    .    , ,           .                          ,    .   ,      :    ,    ,    ,             .       ,    (       ,     黠    ).  ,     , ,  .             ,     ,    -    ,        ,  .

     ,   ,               .      .    ,   ,    ,     .  ,         ,     .      (, ,     )   (     ).  ,    ,          .   .      ,      ,      .

,       ,      :     ,   ? ,        .         ,  ,       .    .    ,    ,      .            -.     : ,   ,   ?  :       ,       ,  -  .   : ,     ,  ? ,     .        .

         .    ,      (   )         , ,      ,    .       ,    10-,            -  ,  ,       ,            ,           .

   ,       ,              .       ,    ,    ,    ,    ,     ,      .

   -        ,  -, ,  ,  ..,  ..   ,    ,      ,             ,        .             .      ,   -   ,      ,                   .      :   ,       150 ,  ,  ,      ,   ,  ,   ,   ,     ,     .  ? ?             .

        , ,      .  , ,  ,   ,        ,  ,      .    , ,    ,    ,             . ,     ,     .       , ,   -     ,         ,    , , ,    ,          ,        (  ,       ).          ,      , ,       ,        ,  ,        .

          , -        ,  :  ,     .  ,   軠  ?.  ,   ,  ,        -   ,  ,  ,       .  , ,     .         .

     ,   ,         ,       ,    ,    ,       ,     ( , ,   ),               . ,               .

, ,        / .        .  ,    ,            ,   ,           .  ,  ,   ,    :   ,      , ,  .          (      )      ,         ,        .          .   :          ,      ,  .      ,         [10 - ,  , ,    ,      ,   ,    ,  ,     .  2014    ,          ,   ,         ,     , ,     .    ,      ,     .             .].

,      3CO, ,    .   ,  ,   ,    ,     , ,        ,      .  ,  , ,      ,     .          ,   ,              .  :  ,      ,     ,  .       ,   ,         .      ,  . ,     .

  ,      ,     ,         ,    . ,         , ,  (  ),           .

            ,    ,   (   ?) .


III.

            .

XXI    -        ,  , ,      .

               Reddit   -,     ,        ,          .         ,          .   , ,   [11 -       :      -          ?, Quartz, 10  2020., https://qz.com/1811751/the-psychology-behind-why-were-so-obsessed-with-pop-culture/ (https://qz.com/1811751/the-psychology-behind-why-were-so-obsessed-with-pop-culture/)].      2019    .

    .     .    [12 -    : .  ..      ? (New York: A.W.H.Freeman/Owl Book, 2007).]        ,  . ,       ,   ,      ,  .   ,      , ,     [13 -    :         ,         , The Conversation, 28  2015., https://theconversation.com/choir-singing-improves-health-happiness-and-is-the-perfect-icebreaker-47619 (https://theconversation.com/choir-singing-improves-health-happiness-and-is-the-perfect-icebreaker-47619)],       [14 -    :  .  .     :    , Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9 (23  2015.): 518,  : 10.3389 /fnhum.2015.00518],    .  , --,    ,   [15 -   :        ?, BBC, 29  2019., https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190529-do-humans-have-a-religion-instinct (https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190529-do-humans-have-a-religion-instinct)],        .    ,    ,      (    ,    ..),        .   ,        .        [16 -     :  .   .   :        , Psychological Bulletin 117, no. 3 (1995): . 497529, http://persweb.wabash.edu/facstaffhortonr/articles%20for%20class/baumeister%20and%20leary.pdf].     .

        , ,      ,           .    : 1951          ,       .      ,    ,  ,   .        .     ,      ,  ,  , ,        ,   75%          .   ,  -             .  ,     3O     ,         .

,        ,       .     .                 .   ,          20 .         2019 ,   10 [17 -   10 :       , Pew Research Centers Religion & Public Life Project, 9  2020., https://www.pewforum.org/2019/10/17/in-u-s-decline-of-christianity-continues-at-rapid-pace/]        ,    20% [18 -    20% :   , Pew Research Centers Religion & Public Life Project, 30  2020., https://www.pewforum.org/2012/10/09/nones-on-the-rise/],    .   ,       2015 [19 -    :         , Harvard Divinity School, https://caspertk. files.wordpress.com/2015/04/how-we-gather1.pdf], ,          ,    ,      ,  ,  -,      .

          ,    ,    [20 -   :     :      (New York: Public Affairs, Hachette Book Group, 2020).].      , ,      :     .   ,            (  ),      . ,    ,   ,   -      .

        .              ,      .      ,   ,   ,     ,    , 26-      .    -    . ,    ,  .       , ,        ,   .          45 .

        , , ,         ,             .     ,     ,    ,      .       :      ,   ,      : , ,    .         .

 ,       ,         ,         ,    (     ).    ,       ,   .     .                ,  , ,  ,  , ,   .. ,    .  XXI    (,   )  ,     .     ,     ,         .  -,             ,  .   ,     , ,   ,  ,  ,           ,           ,    ,   ,    .

 ,  -  ,      .  ,  -  ,    ,  33-            ,   .  , -  ,  ,   ,    ,   ,    .  ,  -  ,   ,   ,  ,     .   ,   ,  -  ,  .

   ,     ,          .        ,     3O,       ,       .    :           (    ,        )     ,          :       ?            .    :      ?             ,   .

 ,           ,   .             .       (    ,      )   ,      .            ,   ,         .    (,    )   ,          (    - ). ,   [21 -   :       , PBS,  1998., https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages /frontline/shows/religion/portrait/jews. html]    ,              .   ,     ,       .   XVII     -  ,       ,       .

   ,      ,     .  ,           .      [22 -      :         , Pew Research Center, 31  2020., https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018 /09/05/u-s-adults-are-more-religious-than-western-europeans/],         , ,    ,         (      ).     , ,            ,  , ,       ,     .    ,         ,       [23 -   :       ?, Psychology Today, 21  2018., https:// www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/talking-apes/201808/why-do-people-believe-in-god], -      .   ,   ,      .            ,   .

          196070- ,     ,             - .     ,        ,     ,     .     :         ,    3O   ,    (    )  - (   ).         [24 -      1960          . . .]. (         ,   -   17001800- .)

       ,    ,        ,       .   ,    ,     , ,   ,       .     -    -   ,   ,   1970-    - .

  ,   ,       ,         ,      .

    ,     ,     ,     ,  ,   ,    ,  - ,  ,  -     ,      ,     .     ,      .


IV.

  ,      (   -   )               ,   ,         ,     ,       .       , ..    ,      ,         .  ,         ,    , , .          ,    .

      .         XVII ,       .              .    ,         cultus,    .

 ,   ,      XIX ,       .  ,     ,    ,        .               .   1800-         .   1830-       ,     ,    ,         [25 -    :      -          ?, Quartz, 10  2020., https://qz.com/1811751/the  psychology-behind-why-were-so-obsessed-with-pop-culture/].    [26 -   :   5   XIX    , History.com, 22  2013., https://www.history.com/news/519th-century-utopian-communities-in-the-united-states]    ,   ,        - ( ),  ,       ( )  ( )          ,       , ,             .        ,     .   -   ,    .

          .              .      ,     .   -        .   ,     1969 ,         1978- (      )   -   .

   900    (,             11  2001 )     .          80-,        ,  ,  ,    .         ,     1979 :      ȅ    , ,           .

,   ,         ,   . - 70-   ,      [27 -     :       :  (Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011), . 234],          .  ,     ,       .

 -                   .    70-       .               .   ,     -,  ,     ,        :   -    .     20             -         ( [28 -    ,      .       60-      -,    -,         .  ( )          80-           (,       ).],   )    . -?  .              : ,   ,   !     .

       ,   ,    ,    .     ,        ,     ,   ,   .  ,  ,  1990- ,          ,    .     ,      .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/amanda-montell-32318/sila-kulta-chto-delaet-cheloveka-fanatikom-i-kak-etog/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


   :       , Huffington Post, 25  2011., http://huffpost.com/entry/the-disturbing-mainstream_b_667026




2


    3   ,         ,   -   .  ,     ,          .   ,             .      3           ,                     . (       ?)




3


    ,      ,  . . .




4


 :       -       , Marie Claire, 11  2017., https://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/a28684/lululemon-tote-bag-sunscreen/ (https://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/a28684/lululemon-tote-bag-sunscreen/)




5


    . . .




6


  : SBG-TV      ?   (  ), WTOV9, 1  2019., https://wtov9.com/features/drive-safe/cant-look-away-from-a-car-crash-heres-why-and-how-to-stop (https://wtov9.com/features/drive-safe/cant-look-away-from-a-car-crash-heres-why-and-how-to-stop)




7


-      . . .




8


   ,    . . .




9


     : 1997  39   ,  -,        ,    ,          -    93- .     ,        ,    .          (       ,   ),          .     ,  22     ,   12-  1993      eBay  6600 .




10


,  , ,    ,      ,   ,    ,  ,     .  2014    ,          ,   ,         ,     , ,     .    ,      ,     .             .




11


      :      -          ?, Quartz, 10  2020., https://qz.com/1811751/the-psychology-behind-why-were-so-obsessed-with-pop-culture/ (https://qz.com/1811751/the-psychology-behind-why-were-so-obsessed-with-pop-culture/)




12


   : .  ..      ? (New York: A.W.H.Freeman/Owl Book, 2007).




13


   :         ,         , The Conversation, 28  2015., https://theconversation.com/choir-singing-improves-health-happiness-and-is-the-perfect-icebreaker-47619 (https://theconversation.com/choir-singing-improves-health-happiness-and-is-the-perfect-icebreaker-47619)




14


   :  .  .     :    , Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9 (23  2015.): 518,  : 10.3389 /fnhum.2015.00518




15


  :        ?, BBC, 29  2019., https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190529-do-humans-have-a-religion-instinct (https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190529-do-humans-have-a-religion-instinct)




16


    :  .   .   :        , Psychological Bulletin 117, no. 3 (1995): . 497529, http://persweb.wabash.edu/facstaffhortonr/articles%20for%20class/baumeister%20and%20leary.pdf




17


  10 :       , Pew Research Centers Religion & Public Life Project, 9  2020., https://www.pewforum.org/2019/10/17/in-u-s-decline-of-christianity-continues-at-rapid-pace/




18


   20% :   , Pew Research Centers Religion & Public Life Project, 30  2020., https://www.pewforum.org/2012/10/09/nones-on-the-rise/




19


   :         , Harvard Divinity School, https://caspertk. files.wordpress.com/2015/04/how-we-gather1.pdf




20


  :     :      (New York: Public Affairs, Hachette Book Group, 2020).




21


  :       , PBS,  1998., https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages /frontline/shows/religion/portrait/jews. html




22


     :         , Pew Research Center, 31  2020., https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018 /09/05/u-s-adults-are-more-religious-than-western-europeans/




23


  :       ?, Psychology Today, 21  2018., https:// www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/talking-apes/201808/why-do-people-believe-in-god




24


     1960          . . .




25


   :      -          ?, Quartz, 10  2020., https://qz.com/1811751/the  psychology-behind-why-were-so-obsessed-with-pop-culture/




26


  :   5   XIX    , History.com, 22  2013., https://www.history.com/news/519th-century-utopian-communities-in-the-united-states




27


    :       :  (Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011), . 234




28


   ,      .       60-      -,    -,         .  ( )          80-           (,       ).


