,    
 


   ,    ,   ,         ,  2008    ,        19301940?  X .     2019    ,       .        ,      .              ,       ,    ,    ,     ,    .                        .





 

,    



    (19242019)








    , , 1969









    ,         .        ,        ,   ,      High Noon         .         (Julian Graffy, UCL),   (Evgeny Dobrenko, Ca Foscari University),   (Oksana Bulgakowa, Johannes Gutenberg University)    (Michail Iampolski, NYU).    ,  ,     ,           .            .



 

        .



 







 1961     .      .        ,        ,         .          .            .      ,        ,      ,       .        -.         .             ,      .    1     .

       ,       ,       , ,  ,    ,       .    1959?    .         (       ),         .         .



4 1961     .         ,     ,  :



  ,            ,     ,       , ,       ,      ,     ()                 ,   ,        .


  ,        ,  .     .   ,  ,     ,    ,   ,     ,     ,  ,   .

 ,       ,    ,   ,        ,       !

   .              ,       .         , ,  .

    ,  ,      .      ,     ,   , ,  ,      .     ,    .

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  ?



,    ,     ,           . ,   -    .                .  ,            , -  40 ,        .      ,      ,          ,          ,    .

  , ,     1964 ,               .      ,  ,        ,        .








                    .    ,  ,     .                : The Medium is the Massage  [1 -    The Medium is the Message,     ,    Massage (Bantam Books, 1967).  An inventory of Effects        .]       蓻[2 -  .   . .: , 1971.].

        ,    -   ,   .       ,  - ,   ,     .        .           .      ,    ,      ,       :  ,   ,     .



 1985        -    Ardis.   .  1992?     ,    .

,  ,       ,      .       .

   ,     ,    .   ,    .   ,    ,           - .         ,      [3 -   SOV-AM             ,     ,      ,       (.:  :  30? . .: : CORPUS, 2015).].

  ,    .        ,      ,   (, -),     (  , 71/2,    ).     ,          ,      ,       .       -        .         .[4 - , ,  ,       .        (1965)        ,       ,    ,   .       1996 ,     19001950?,    ()     ().]

  ,   ,   ,       .         .        -,   .       110       ,       ,       .   ,   ,     ,   1930?     ,     .     [5 - .     (19412022)       . https://vimeo.com/699695258.]        ,          .       .

       ,       .      ,   .  ,    1950?,          -,      .          .      ,     1975 ,    .       ,         .      ,   .     ,   ,    ,     ,    .      ,   .   ,      ,   .

   ,    ,        ,             .        ໠             .     -    grand narrative.   ,     .              -         .



        .    ,        .        ,          ?.   ,      ,     ,          .  :    ,      ?.  : ,   :          .

    . ,    -   ,    .     .   ,   graphic designer,      -   ,  ,    .  1992 ,     ,        -      ,      . ,   ,  ,   ,   ,     ,       ,     .   ,       ,           .          .     .   .

 ,  .        .      ,    ,       ,     1984?.  -       ,        . ,       .

,  ,        .      ,            .            .           :  .

   .



 2007      ,     .

,   ,    .          ,    .       . ,       ,        ,   ,         .

        ,     .    ,        -,   .       :        ,    -,          ,    .     , ,    , .            2008 .     : ,       ,  ,      .

 ,  .     ,   ,        .              .  .      ,    .

 ,     ,       ,      .      ,           ,     ,     2008     ,          ,  ,   ,    .

     ,        . -    Amazon  eBay,         .     ,  .     ,     .   ,      .       ,                 .



   ,   -.            .     ,          .         .    ,     .

      ,   ,     ,  ,   ,      .    - , ,       ,          .  , , ,           .

    .      . ,               .  ,          .   ,        .            .        ,       .          happy ending.      :



 ,        .

 ,  ?  .

 ,  .





        , , 2008



    ,       ,   ,       .   ,       ,     ,      ,    .     ,       .   ,    1960?       ,     ,        ,     .   ,    .

  .       DVD,         ,   ,  .

 !




       [6 -  .  ,   27  2008 ,  : https://vimeo.com/422277928.]


:        ?

:   .         .     ,      .            .         ,   .     !  ,  ,  .

       ,  :

   ?

  :

     :  .    :  ,     ,   .

   ,       .     ,  ,     ,    ,           .

  ,  ,   ,      .      ,   . .  :

,     .      ?

    ,  .     .

   [7 -    (19462021),    ,       1989  2014 ,    .]       .      ,             .         ,    .

       ,  .        , ,      - .   , ,           .  ,         ,      :   ,    .  -     ,     -     .          蓻,    .  ,    ,  .       . -       ,    .

  -,    ,      .       ,    :    ,  ,       . ,   60? .     ,  ,  ,     .     ,    .      ,     .

:       ,        .

:        ,   .        .  ,  [8 -    (19331993), ,      .]  ,      .   ,     Halbstarke,    (,    ),      .  : ,     ,   ,  .       .       ,   . ,        ,     .

 ,     ,   ,    ,  .  ,     .   . ,     ,       蓻     [9 - George Fischer (19232005),  .        , .   3.].      ,       .   :

,  ,    ?         ,  .

   :

.  .

   ,  -     ,   .

     ,       .        ,       .     ,       ,     .

        -   ,  - ,       .            [10 - Kitty Foyl, Sam Wood, RKO, 1940. ,  , , 1942.].         ?          .           ?     .     .           ,      .      .



Kitty Foyl, 1940




    ,     ,      .





, 1942




 ,     ,   , , .



       ,   ,         ,    .  , ,                 - ,      .      [11 -      . .   :     ,   ,      ,       ,   . (     ,    .) , , .].

    ,   .   :   ,    .  :  -.  ,   MGM,   , a   Warner Brothers,   ,   Columbia,   [12 -      ,  ,      .         ,      ,    :   RKO,   Paramount    MGM.      (Gabler N. An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood. NY: Doubleday, 1988. . 187).].      ,  ,     .            .

  ?       ,       ,    ,   ,      .       ,      .       ,   ,        .

     ,   -   .   ,       .      .   , ,   ,         .     ,     ,   ,        .

      ,    [13 - Gabler N. An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood. NY: Doubleday, 1988.],       ,     ,     ,           ,        ,      ,   ,    .      .  MGM     ,  Warner Brothers    ,  ,    .      .     ,       .

       !   ,     ?   ,    .     - .  ,      .      ?    ,   ,   .  ,      -  .   ,    ,    .       .  .      ,    .

    .     , [14 -    Ninotchka      .]    ,      .    .         ,     . ,           ,  .  ,   ,      ,      .         .

:       ,     .      ,    ,  New Deal, a       .      [15 - Kitty Foyl, Sam Wood, RKO, 1940.  ,  , , 1937.].



Kitty Foyl, 1940




!      ,        ! (1932)





 , 1937




   .         .       ,    ! (1934)



: !   29?  30?    ,   ,  .     laissez-faire .               ,      ,     .            .

,     ,   ,   ,   ,  .  ,   ,       .




    


   (genius loci)    .    ,    ,     ,   .       ,     .

   (genius seculi) .       XVIII .          Zeitgeist.           ,         . ,  ,   , , ,   . ,   ,  ,      ,       .    Zeitgeist,    Weltgeist ( )  Volksgeist ( )      genius loci.

 ,  ,     ,   ,    ,  .     ,     ,  :   ,    .  -     ,  ,     -     .

      -  ,            .     :      ,    ,        .       ,      ,   ,      .  ,                   .        .



 ,                   ,   .        1979   [16 -  .   (Ardis, 1985;   , 20002016); Architecture in the Age of Stalin: Culture Two. Cambridge University Press, 1992; Kultura 2: Architektura stalinsk epochy. Arbor Vitae, 2014; Cultura Due: L Architettura al tempo di Stalin. Artemide, 2017.],      ,     ,     .        ,           .


19001920?

.         1900?    19281932        .       ,           .    20?        .       ,   .      ,    [17 -         : ,   ,  ,   .        .]      .

         .          , ,    1926 .      [18 -  . . .  . . .: , 1977. . 323.].         .     : , ,  , ,    1922 .           .      ,       .

   ,   1921  1928        :  ,     ,  ,       ,      .   ,           .   [19 -   (18811945),     (1926),    (1930)  .]           .    ,      .



.           (The Jazz Age).          (The Roaring Twenties). ,   ,    :      1919   ,     ,        29  1929 ,   - .      ,  ,        [20 -  1917          Original Dixieland Jazz Band.].   ,      ,     .        .         ,     ,  ,  ,  ,  ,          27 rue de Fleurus[21 -           (Midnight in Paris, Sony Pictures Classics, 2011),   ,     .].

   ,    ,    ,     ,  .  ,        ,   ,        [22 - Fitzgerald F. S. Echoes of the Jazz Age // Scribners Magazine. November 1931. Vol. XC. 5.].

   (,  - , )         (continuity editing)   .       ,    ,    .                  .

       ,     1920?.  ,  ,      .          ,  .        ,  ,  ,   :       [23 - Panofsky E. Style and Medium in the Motion Pictures // Critique. Vol. 1. 3. January-February 1947. . 24.].

      ,       ,       100     [24 - AFIs 100 Years 100 Laughs.].

   IMDb (Internet Movie Database)   100   1920?[25 - https://www.imdb.com/list/ls026659297.]        (    ),       ,    (  ),    (      ),   (  )        ,       .  ,    .



Navigator, 1924




     ,    .





 , 1925




     .



     ,        .


19301950-e

.       2008 :   29?  30?    ,   ,  .     laissez-faire .               ,      ,     .

        () 23  1932    - ,       .     .     1934 :                [26 -        08.06.1934       (          )    . . .].

        .    ,            .         ,   ,     1920?,   .              .         :   ,   ,  ,     .  ,     ,       .             ,    1920?,    , ,    .



.           .        ,      ,           ,     .     .   ,      ,     ,           [27 - The Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA).     1922    .]  .         :    , ,   . , ,      ,   [28 - Black G. D. Hollywood Censored. Morality, Codes, Catholics and the Movies. Cambridge University Press, 1994. . 31.].     ,           .

             ,         .     1920?    ,   .  ,     ,   ,    .     ,    [29 - A? N. The Salon of Exiled Artists in California: Salka Viertel took in actors and intellectuals in exile fleeing from Nazism. Independently published. . 73.].

  ,    ,     ,        .       ,   1933       (The Legion of Decency).         ,                        .  ,    -,   ,     ,      [30 - Black G. D. Op. cit. . 144.].       ,    ,   ,       .

     ,            (moving pictures)      .    ,       ,         ,   ,     ,   ,     ,  [31 - Panofsky E. Op. cit. . 20.].

   [32 - Casablanca, Michael Curtiz, Warner Bros., 1942.]       Vichy Water   , ,    ,   ,   [33 - Vichy     ?    ,    (19401945).].            : ,  ,     [34 - Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship.].  ,    ,             . ,             ,    ,     ,      ,   [35 -    ,    : Play it again, Sam (  , ); Heres looking at you (   ); Round up the usual suspects (  ).].

 happy ending ( )       ,   .   , ,  ,           컠 Triumph Over Violence,   ,      .



Casablanca, 1942




       Vichy   .






 : ,  ,     .




19501970-e

.            -  1968? (  )  1974  (    ).     ,        (    1980 )     .

 1960?    ,   ,     ( ,  )        ([36 -    1967       1988-.      .],   ),            (   ,  ,   ,  ).   ,  ,      , ,     (  ,   ,  .)

 1969  , ,     , 20?    .         ,  -     :        ,            [37 -     !!!       (     腻 // Inter-view.    . 17.02.2004. http://www.inter-view.org/inv/3743.htm).].

          .             ,         [38 -        , : https://www.beatles.ru/books/articles.asp?article_id=1718.].       ,    .  , ,      ,    -         .

             .           ,  1973 .     ,          .      ,   ,   .     ,     .     ,           .

  ,    1960?        ,                  .   ,    1920?,   .       1960?    ,         ,         .       ,  -       .

  ,         .    (1961), ,  .     (1965)      ,      .    (1968)        .    (1969)             .

.         1950?    1969 (  )  1981  (  ).         (make love not war),   ,         .      ,        .      ,   ,    ,   1957   24-      ;  ,   ,       [39 - New Deal ( )            (19331939),          ,  , ,    .                      .];  ,  ,    ,  ,  .

   100  1960?[40 - https://www.imdb.com/list/ls070213744/.]      8.0        (, ,     );    (          (    );     ;      ;   ,   ;    (  );        ,              2001.   ,  ,    ,    1920?,   .

     ?      ,         .  ,    ,   .

     ,    .        1930?.     ,   1933 ,   ,   1934 .     ,       .

       .          1934    .              .



  1960?           ,  ,  ,  .        ,        ,         .            .

  (     )      [41 -              - ,   ,      .].         ( , 1969),    (, Back in the U. S. S. R., 1968).               1959   [42 -    .   - (.:   , 2004. . 169172).].




   ,    ?







  ,  [43 -        ,     .],  ,        .            .          .      .  ,   ,   [44 -      .],   :   ,    ,  :  -.        ,   ,         ( ).         ,     .

         .             (        ) ,                 .   1920?   Universal,      .        [45 -      24 .       MGM.]        .         .     ,



,   ,                [46 - Flamini R. Thalberg: The Last Tycoon and the World of M-G-M. NY: Crown, 1994. . 36.].


    ,     MGM  . :



,   ,  .  ,   ,     .       , ,   , ,     , , , ,    [47 - Eyman S. Lion of Hollywood: The Life and Legend of Louis B. Mayer. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2005. . 265.].


       .  ,       ,   .         ,       ,  ,  ,      .  -    -            .

       ,  , , .       ,    .    ,                 ,  .          .       ,   .           ,  ,    .

   .   ,      ,                  [48 -           750   (   ()          // . X . .    . ., 2002. 55. 639649).].   1948          .     25 ,      20 [49 - Tsvetkova N., Tsvetkov I., Barber I. Americanization versus Sovietization: Film exchanges between the United States and the Soviet Union, 19481950. https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23311983.2018.1471771.].

               ().   :



        ,    .      ,  ,     .       .    ,      [50 -  . . 213.].


   ,     ,          .         :

      1920?  1930?   ;

       ,    .






 .         1930- 



      :

     ;

      ;

 .

                ,       .  1935       ,            .    ,    [51 -            1938  .       .:  . . 362374.],      .    ,   ,



    ,  ,    , ,         . <>  19371938  450     ;   1938    200  [52 -  . . 361.].





    1940    . .       :   ,  , , ,  ,    .[53 - Photo by A. L. Whitey Schafer from: http://www.openculture.com/2019/09/thou-shalt-not.html.]



 , .     The Roaring Twenties,      ,   ,               .  1930?               .    ,     [54 -  ,       .         .].

       ,     1934  1968      Motion Picture Production Code,     (Hays Code)[55 -  William Harrison Hays (18791954)    .      Father Daniel Lord (18881955)  Joseph I. Breen (18881964).     .],     ,     :  ( ),    ,    ,    (    ),    ,          .




   


    ,       38 ,          .     19301940? .








     ?        .        ,     ,      ,   :

 , 1938  , 1935

  , 1939  , 1947

 , 1938    , 1931

?[56 -       ,     .], 1939  , 1936

  , 1940  , 1941

 , 1948    , 1949

            Final Cut Pro  Keynote          2008 .   , -,       , -,       , -,    ,      ,    ,    .      .       ,     Aha! effect,     .

     ,   .          . ,       .    (moving pictures)           ,       .                ,    .



        ,          :       19501960? ?   :  ,  .        ,                (,       ).   (   )     ,  ,       .

   , 1942   , 1947

 , 1948  , , 1951

 ,  , 1966   , 1960

 , 1962   , 1960  , 1967

  , 1952   , 1961

       ,          .        .

1. ,    ,   , -   ,   .

2.       ,         .




   


       ,        :

  , ;

  ;

   ;

   ();

  ;

  ;

  [57 -  . . 166.].

       .



     ,  ,     [58 -     .          ,        .          .           ,      .  19301940?   ,    ,       ,       .]. <> ,    ,    ,    .    ,   .     ,       [59 -  . . 354367.  .].


         ,  ,           .  , ,    ,     ,  .      .  ,   :               ?     ,        1948 .       , a    .

   ,      ,    ,     .       ,   (  )  .        ,      ,    ,     [60 -                     270  16  1941 .].       ,    ,     ,     ,            .          .        :       ,       .   ,       .

     .       ? ,    ,     .       ,     .        .      ,    .      .           .   19461956          .  ,      ,   ,   ,      .   ,  ,     .

    ,   ,    ,   .           .     , ,     ໠       컠 .               .            (nature vs. nurture)        .                   컠 .            ,            .




 :   , 1939  , 1947[61 - The Wizard of Oz, Victor Fleming, MGM, 1939. ,     , , 1947.]


  1920?      (   ),         ,    .    ;    ;     [62 - The Lost Patrol, John Ford, RKO, 1934.]            [63 - ,  , , 1936.];     1900       ,  ,      ,  -   ,    ,     [64 -  ,           .].

        .    .    (   ).    ,        . -   ,     .      ,       .   - ,      ,     .

   (18561919)    ,  -.  , ,  ,   .   ,       ,    1900 ,       ,       .  ,    ,        : OZ.








     ,           .     



  .      ,     .         ,     .      :    -,    ?[65 - Baum L. F. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Chicago & New York: Geo M. Hill Co., 1900. . 1213.]


  1900      ,     (   ),   (   1893 ),     .  ,  Scarecrow ()   , Tin Man ( )    ,  Cowardly Lion ( )     . ,              .








        ,     .     , ,      ,    .    



    ,    1900 . -   ,     ,   ,         ,   [66 - Ibid.].


      ,       ,    .   -   ,    ,     ,      .

            .        .    .      , , , :         X .         ,       Technicolor.    , , ,           ,   . ,    :  ,        .






    ,              ,       .



          ,  [67 - Gone with the Wind, Victor Fleming, MGM, 1939.].  ໠  .     .  .       -  (  ),           .       . ,   ,   ,   ,    .     , ,     ,     .          .

    ?    ,   .          . -           ,         .       ,  ,            ,      .

           .     ,           ,     humbug (, ).  , : -   ,   [68 -  ,   ,   ,   ,          .]. ,       (         )        humbug,       [69 -    ,   ,    .     .].



     ? ,        ,         .      :       . [70 -        1946  1953.        ,      .  ,       ,  ,  ,   .]   .         [71 -  .          . .:   , 2020.].             ?  ,   ,  ,  .         1940?,      .

        :



 1947     508       .     ,  .  .   ,   1948        23 790 ,          .     ,     .    ,    23  [72 -  4553:     / .  . .: , 2013.].


           ,    ,          [73 -    .  1947 ,    ,       ,     ,         ( . 1947. 6).]. ,          .  1944    -   ,  ,  1963?,    XVIII.        .     .    , , ,  , ,     ,    1934 ,   .      .     ,  ,  ,  ,        ,      37 .   ,    .

             .     ,            .  ,  ,  ,  ,      ,   .    ?  ?.   .  .   !      , ,   :   !. ,  ,     ,    ,     :        ,        !          ,  .    ,    .         , ,        [74 -         ,  .      ,  ! ( .  : -. .: , 2003. . 1443).].



     ?               .          ,        .      ,        .     , ,  , :     .   ,      ,     .           .

    .          .   ,              .           ,    .         ,     ,    .      :     .         .



The Wizard of OZ, 1939




        ,   .     ,    ,   ,   .





, 1947




.





The Wizard of OZ, 1939




: ,     ,

        .

    ,

       .

(. . . )





, 1947




: , ,      .             .  ,   ?





The Wizard of OZ, 1939




   .





, 1947




  -.



 ( ):  , ,   ,    ,    ,    !      ,       !

      [75 -    ,      (Harold Arlen),       (Over the Rainbow)       (Edgar Harburg).].

           (   )    (ruby slippers) .   ,        (silver shoes).  ,              ,    ,     .

    ,         .         ,       ,  ,   .  ,    ,      ,      -.

   ໠   ,     ,      ,     .           [76 -    ,           (1939).     ໠    -  .].    !      ,       .  ,          ,   ,   .

          .        .

      ,     .       ,   .    There is no place like home (    )      . ,  ,        . -         :



   ,      ,     ,    .       -    ,      ,     .


The Wizard of OZ, 1939




 :   ?

:    !

 :   .

:  ,    ,    .





, 1947




 :    ?

: , , ,    .

 :  ,  ,   .      ,    .





The Wizard of OZ, 1939




    .





, 1947




  ():         .  !     ! !   ? !

:   !

  ( ):   .

  ( ):  .

  ():     ?





The Wizard of OZ, 1939




There is no place like home!

    !





, 1947




: ,    ,  ,    .



   ,    ,        :  -     ,  ;   ,   ;    ,  -  ,       .



   ,      .



:  , ,      .  ,  -.  , ,  .  ,         . - :  ,  ,  ?        ,     .


  ,    ,     ,   .      ,    : ,    ,  ,    !.

       ,   ,        ,   ֻ.  ,     1947      :   ,        .




  1:   


           .          ,   ,       .  2008          -      ,           .       ,   ,            .      ,                 ,  .

      . ,       1969   [77 - Viertel S. The Kindness of Strangers. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1969.      ,           -.].    ,        (     ).      ,        .             .

 ,   ,   ,       ,       (. ).      .








            [78 - Fitzgerald F. S. The Last Tycoon. NY: Scribner, 2020.].   ,   ,     ,    , ,     MGM  26 [79 - -        37 .].    , ,   ,       Universal.

        ,     ,         .  ,  ,   ,    .    ,  ,      ,        .

    .       ,     ,    -  ,   .



          ,  ,     ,              [80 - Gabler N. Op. cit. . 4.].


,        . ,   M    MGM  Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.       .    ,          .  ,   ,    ,   .     Ҹ    ,     [81 - Gabler N. Op. cit. . 211.].

  ,           [82 -      The Seventh Cross   1944    .].     ,     :         .    ,  ,  .    .     [83 - Gabler N. Op. cit. . 213.].

      .   ,      ,   ,     .      :  , [84 - Ross S. J. Hollywood Left and Right: How Movie Stars shaped American Politics. NY: Oxford University Press, 2011. . 53.].  ,            ( G   ):        ?   ,   .           .     ,        [85 -         ()     ()    .      ,   ,  ,     .   ,  - , , . .: The Last Tycoon. . xvii.].

  ,     ,     (      ).     ,   4 ,    .         .   ,          [86 -    . .: Gabler N. Op. cit. . 216.].            , ,  ,  .

                 :



  ,      ,      .    ,  ,  ,     ,     ,  .     ,       [87 - Ibid. P. 266.       :      .         ,          (The Last Tycoon. . 74).].


 ,          -,      -       ,     ,          .   , ,      [88 - Gabler N. Op. cit. . 266.],    .    ,   ,   .  1929    -              Wilshire Boulevard Temple,       .

     ,      92   -             .






   -   Wilshire Boulevard Temple, -, 1982



  ,     -    .



         ,    ,     .      ,    .  (      )    . ,     [89 - Gabler N. Op. cit. P. 280.].


 ,  ,    .




 :  , 1938    , 1931[90 - Boys Town, Norman Taurog, MGM, 1938.   ,  , , 1931.]


    MGM  .    ,      .   ,  ,       ,       , ,  .   ,         .         .   ,       .  ,    -          ,      . , ,         .        ,        ,    ,       .

  ,        .     .      ,    .      ,    ,   :    .

,   ,  ,     ,     ,    .  1873      :








  ,      .          ,        ,         ,   ,    ,    [91 -  . .  :  15 . . 12. .: , 1994. . 18.].


     (     ),  :     ,        ,           .

          ( , , ),    ,  :   ,             .

    :        ,    ,   .        , ,      ,          [92 - Captains Courageous, Victor Fleming, MGM, 1937.]         .

     .     ,       ,     . ,          2014    93 ,    .   , ,     ,   ,      [93 - Breakfast at Tiffanys, Blake Edwards, Paramount, 1961.    .     .           (   ) Moon River,     .].

     .      1886 ,     1904?.     1921 .     1948?.        ,  ,          .            .



          ,    .   ,      ,    3?   ,      ,   1926  1937-.       ,     .

       ,      ,  ,     ,  4  1937  [94 - r         ,   .    ,        ,          (. . .     // . 1993. 1. C. 153).].        .    ,    ,  .








          .    ,     .     [95 -      1957 .       .    DVD   .       (    , 6  2021).].            .

        .       ,      .          ,   1902 .          [96 - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/,__.].

    -    .   ,



    ,   ,        (       ),            [97 -  . . 181.].


          ( ),   ( ),      (   ). ,    ,   .     .      .        .       ,     ,       .

       .  1936        .  1937 ,      ,          .    - ,     .    3  1943 [98 -    . -, 2009. . 409.].

   .    1  1931       .     -   ,   1932               .            .   ,        ,   .             - , ,    ,         ,      [99 -  .    //  . 1931. 56. . 25.].



Boys Town, 1938




         ,      .    .     .





  , 1931




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  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=68690952)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


   The Medium is the Message,     ,    Massage (Bantam Books, 1967).  An inventory of Effects        .




2


 .   . .: , 1971.




3


  SOV-AM             ,     ,      ,       (.:  :  30? . .: : CORPUS, 2015).




4


, ,  ,       .        (1965)        ,       ,    ,   .       1996 ,     19001950?,    ()     ().




5


.     (19412022)       . https://vimeo.com/699695258.




6


 .  ,   27  2008 ,  : https://vimeo.com/422277928.




7


   (19462021),    ,       1989  2014 ,    .




8


   (19331993), ,      .




9


George Fischer (19232005),  .        , .   3.




10


Kitty Foyl, Sam Wood, RKO, 1940. ,  , , 1942.




11


     . .   :     ,   ,      ,       ,   . (     ,    .) , , .




12


     ,  ,      .         ,      ,    :   RKO,   Paramount    MGM.      (Gabler N. An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood. NY: Doubleday, 1988. . 187).




13


Gabler N. An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood. NY: Doubleday, 1988.




14


   Ninotchka      .




15


Kitty Foyl, Sam Wood, RKO, 1940.  ,  , , 1937.




16


 .   (Ardis, 1985;   , 20002016); Architecture in the Age of Stalin: Culture Two. Cambridge University Press, 1992; Kultura 2: Architektura stalinsk epochy. Arbor Vitae, 2014; Cultura Due: L Architettura al tempo di Stalin. Artemide, 2017.




17


        : ,   ,  ,   .        .




18


 . . .  . . .: , 1977. . 323.




19


  (18811945),     (1926),    (1930)  .




20


 1917          Original Dixieland Jazz Band.




21


          (Midnight in Paris, Sony Pictures Classics, 2011),   ,     .




22


Fitzgerald F. S. Echoes of the Jazz Age // Scribners Magazine. November 1931. Vol. XC. 5.




23


Panofsky E. Style and Medium in the Motion Pictures // Critique. Vol. 1. 3. January-February 1947. . 24.




24


AFIs 100 Years 100 Laughs.




25


https://www.imdb.com/list/ls026659297.




26


       08.06.1934       (          )    . . .




27


The Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA).     1922    .




28


Black G. D. Hollywood Censored. Morality, Codes, Catholics and the Movies. Cambridge University Press, 1994. . 31.




29


A? N. The Salon of Exiled Artists in California: Salka Viertel took in actors and intellectuals in exile fleeing from Nazism. Independently published. . 73.




30


Black G. D. Op. cit. . 144.




31


Panofsky E. Op. cit. . 20.




32


Casablanca, Michael Curtiz, Warner Bros., 1942.




33


Vichy     ?    ,    (19401945).




34


Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship.




35


   ,    : Play it again, Sam (  , ); Heres looking at you (   ); Round up the usual suspects (  ).




36


   1967       1988-.      .




37


    !!!       (     腻 // Inter-view.    . 17.02.2004. http://www.inter-view.org/inv/3743.htm).




38


       , : https://www.beatles.ru/books/articles.asp?article_id=1718.




39


New Deal ( )            (19331939),          ,  , ,    .                      .




40


https://www.imdb.com/list/ls070213744/.




41


             - ,   ,      .




42


   .   - (.:   , 2004. . 169172).




43


       ,     .




44


     .




45


     24 .       MGM.




46


Flamini R. Thalberg: The Last Tycoon and the World of M-G-M. NY: Crown, 1994. . 36.




47


Eyman S. Lion of Hollywood: The Life and Legend of Louis B. Mayer. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2005. . 265.




48


          750   (   ()          // . X . .    . ., 2002. 55. 639649).




49


Tsvetkova N., Tsvetkov I., Barber I. Americanization versus Sovietization: Film exchanges between the United States and the Soviet Union, 19481950. https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23311983.2018.1471771.




50


 . . 213.




51


           1938  .       .:  . . 362374.




52


 . . 361.




53


Photo by A. L. Whitey Schafer from: http://www.openculture.com/2019/09/thou-shalt-not.html.




54


 ,       .         .




55


 William Harrison Hays (18791954)    .      Father Daniel Lord (18881955)  Joseph I. Breen (18881964).     .




56


      ,     .




57


 . . 166.




58


    .          ,        .          .           ,      .  19301940?   ,    ,       ,       .




59


 . . 354367.  .




60


                    270  16  1941 .




61


The Wizard of Oz, Victor Fleming, MGM, 1939. ,     , , 1947.




62


The Lost Patrol, John Ford, RKO, 1934.




63


,  , , 1936.




64


 ,           .




65


Baum L. F. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Chicago & New York: Geo M. Hill Co., 1900. . 1213.




66


Ibid.




67


Gone with the Wind, Victor Fleming, MGM, 1939.




68


 ,   ,   ,   ,          .




69


   ,   ,    .     .




70


       1946  1953.        ,      .  ,       ,  ,  ,   .




71


 .          . .:   , 2020.




72


 4553:     / .  . .: , 2013.




73


   .  1947 ,    ,       ,     ,         ( . 1947. 6).




74


        ,  .      ,  ! ( .  : -. .: , 2003. . 1443).




75


   ,      (Harold Arlen),       (Over the Rainbow)       (Edgar Harburg).




76


   ,           (1939).     ໠    -  .




77


Viertel S. The Kindness of Strangers. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1969.      ,           -.




78


Fitzgerald F. S. The Last Tycoon. NY: Scribner, 2020.




79


-        37 .




80


Gabler N. Op. cit. . 4.




81


Gabler N. Op. cit. . 211.




82


     The Seventh Cross   1944    .




83


Gabler N. Op. cit. . 213.




84


Ross S. J. Hollywood Left and Right: How Movie Stars shaped American Politics. NY: Oxford University Press, 2011. . 53.




85


        ()     ()    .      ,   ,  ,     .   ,  - , , . .: The Last Tycoon. . xvii.




86


   . .: Gabler N. Op. cit. . 216.




87


Ibid. P. 266.       :      .         ,          (The Last Tycoon. . 74).




88


Gabler N. Op. cit. . 266.




89


Gabler N. Op. cit. P. 280.




90


Boys Town, Norman Taurog, MGM, 1938.   ,  , , 1931.




91


 . .  :  15 . . 12. .: , 1994. . 18.




92


Captains Courageous, Victor Fleming, MGM, 1937.




93


Breakfast at Tiffanys, Blake Edwards, Paramount, 1961.    .     .           (   ) Moon River,     .




94


r         ,   .    ,        ,          (. . .     // . 1993. 1. C. 153).




95


     1957 .       .    DVD   .       (    , 6  2021).




96


https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/,__.




97


 . . 181.




98


   . -, 2009. . 409.




99


 .    //  . 1931. 56. . 25.




100


      ,   .




101


 . . . . 30.




102


 .




103


 . . . . 29.




104


                1920?:                ?   :       (  )   ,     ,       ( 퓻) ( .   :      19201960? . .: , 2012. . 109).




105


 . . 187189.




106


Vecchia Guardia, Alessandro Blasetti, 1933.




107


Hitlerjunge Quex, Hans Steinhoff, 1933.




108


Karl Aloys Schenzinger, Der Hitlerjunge Quex, 1932.




109


Heini V?lker,     Volk, .




110


 . . 180181.




111


 . . 183.




112


.:  .     :   //  . 2008. 87.




113


    .




114


 . . . . 244.




115


 . . 251.




116


 . . 270.




117


Spawn of the North, Henry Hatawey, Paramount, 1938. ,  ,   , 1935.  spawn     .




118


Willoughby B. Spawn of the North. NY: Triangle Books, 1932.


