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              ,      -,        ,     

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      1920/21          蠫 .    (Teatr Polski),     ,     ;          ( [2 -   (Leon Schiller, 18871954)  , ,        XX; 19171920     ,    .], ).

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        .            (    The Lab, )     .           .         XX    ,  ,  ,       [4 -   (Lee Strasberg, 19011982)        XX , ,  .  1931   .  .     (19311941).     Actors Studio ( 1947 ).   A Dream of Passion (Boston, 1987),       (Strasberg L. Acting // Encyclopedia Britannica. 1957. Vol. 1. P.5864; Strasberg L. Acting and the Training of the Actor // Producing the Play / Ed. J. Gassner. NY: The Dryden Press, 1941. P.128162).  (Stella Adler, 19011992)       () ,       .   1920-    ,     (1919).  19251927    .     ,    .  1934     . . .    (    . , . , .  ), 1949   Stella Adler Conservatory.  (Harold Clurman, 19011980)    .     (Guild Theatre),       (   ),    ,   The New Republic The Nation (19531980).     .].

  ,          .      ,    XX    ,     :      . <>       ,   ,         ,   ,      .         [5 - . :  . .   蠫 :   // :        XX:  . . 2. .:  , 2006. .388.].

 19231932         ,      ,       -  Theatre Arts Monthly[6 -       ,    ,   .      ,    ,         ,     :      1923 ,     1929 ,     1931 , ,         ,    1932 .].  1933        .    (Acting: The First Six Lessons. NY: Theatre Arts Books, 1933).        ,          (1936  , 1938  ).  ,          ,      -      .

   ,   ,     ,      .      ,        [7 - Boleslavski R. Way of the Lancer. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1932;  .  :   , 19161918. .:  , 2006.] 蠫 :    1917-[8 - Boleslavski R. Lances Down: Between the Fires in Moscow. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1932.],      19151917 .       (Ryszard Srzednicki,    )     ,          ,     .         ,            1917 .        ,    . .   :       .       ,  蠓, !  蠓     [9 -  . .  //  .  :   , 19161918. .78.].

          ,    .  ,         ,                    1917 .        1910-,   ,   ,     . . , . . -, . . ,   . . , . . .        ,         . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . .   .    ,  ,     ,          ,    [10 -      1917-.    . .   :    /, ,  , ,     . .  // :        XX . . 7. .: , 2019. .93196.].

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           (1887[11 -    (IMDb IBDB)   . .   1876-. .: Internet Broadway Database. URL: http://vmw.ibdb.com/Person/View/68484 (  15.06.2015).      Forest Lawn Cemetery -  1887  (URL: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11480 (  15.06.2015)).      1887  (.:  . . .  //   :  . .: , 1998. .2. .182).] 1949)          ,         .

      1908 ,  ,         .    ,        (     ⠫ ,   ⠫    ,    ⠫     ⠫).          ⠫ ,   ⠫ ,   ⠫,  ⠫ .    ,  . . ,        . ,          [12 -  . .  ,     . .: , 1976. .506.].

    .            ,    1924                       . ,            .       ,        .    ,        , ,      , ,  ,     ,    [13 -  . . A.  //   :  . .2. .182.].

     .    ,          ,     .         ⠫:       ,           , , , .  ,    .    ,  ,   ,     [14 - Strasberg L. Interview. 11 Oct. 1975. . : Roberts J. W. Richard Boleslavsky: His Life and Work in the Theatre. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1981. P.147.].  ,          [15 - Gordon M. Stanislavsky in America: An Actors Workbook. London; NY: Routledge, 2010. P.31.].

     .         ,      -[16 - .:  . .   蠫 :   // . . 2. .383.].          ,  .  1926 ,          . ,       ,  .

       ,       .          ,      (   ⠫, 1936,        ( ), 1939).             ,     (           ,   ,        , 1941).

        (-,   )    (  ).     (1942)           ,    .  ,        .    ,       .

   ,         .     , 1944        Pin-up Grandma[17 - Pin-up (.)  ,       .]  --;   (,   )        蠫  [18 - Gordon . Stanislavsky in America. P.32.].         ,          .         ,   ,      ,     [19 - Ibidem. P.31.].

      [20 -                   .:  . .   . .: , 2018.].        (SRF, Self-Realization Fellowship),  1920       (18931952)[21 - Yogananda P. Autobiography of a Yogi. Los Angeles, Calif.: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1946.],            . ,  1949   ,           ,          蠫 [22 - .: White A. Stanislavsky and Ramacharaka: The Influence of Yoga and Turn-of-the-Century Occultism on the System // Theatre Survey. 2006. Vol. 47. Iss. 1. P.80.  .: Yogananda P. One Life Versus Reincarnation: An Informal Talk by Paramahansa Yogananda. Audio CD. Self-realization Fellowship: U.S., 2006. ISBN-100876124392.].

,     ,    ,  ,            .              :      . <>    ,         [23 - Gordon M. Stanislavsky in America. P.82.].

   1930      [24 -    (Tamara Daykarhanova, 18891980)   1907-,    1911 ,   ⠫  . . ,      ,  1922   .  ,    , 1964      ⠫    .]     -,  1932   -    Maria Ouspenskayas School of Dramatic Arts.   1939            Hollywood  School of the Dramatic Arts,     The American Repertory Theatre and Studio.    ,    ⠫,        -,   ,     [25 - .: Gordon . Stanislavsky in America. P.23.].

     ,       .         ,    ,          .    -,      ,     :  .    .          .

      ,     American Repertory Theater Magazine 19541955 ,     [26 -   (Harriet Pratt)   , 1950-      .].          ,   ,  ,  -;   ,  . ,       .

   ⠫           . .   ,          -            ,                         . ? []         ,         [27 - Gordon M. Stanislavsky in America. P.23.].

   ,                 .  . ,         ,               [28 - Willis R. The American Lab Theatre // Tulane Drama Review. 1964. Vol.9. No. 1. P.113.].

,             .    ,      ,      .




   


        .     ,          ,         .           ,             .

        ,   ,        ,     , ..      .                 [29 -                      .      .:  . . ,   :       Dream of Passion //   . . . . 2011. 140. .126135.].



   .      : Boleslavsky R. Acting: The First Six Lessons. NY: Theatre Arts Books, 1994. (Thirty-eight printing).

         : Ouspenskaya M. Notes on Acting with Maria Ouspenskaya // American Repertory Theater Magazine. 1954. Vol. 2. No. 1. P.14; Vol. 2. No. 2. P.14; Vol. 2. No. 3. P.14; 1955. Vol. 2. No P.14.



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         ,  ,    ,     .   ,                ,  ,                      .   ,       .        ,   .    ! ,          ,   ,  -       ,      .    ,    ,   ,          ,    .

    [35 - Boleslavsky R. Fundamentals of Acting // Theatre Arts Monthly. 1927. Vol.11. No. 2. P.121129.],    ,    ,      .  ,  ,  .     ;  ,        ,    .          -,     ,      .   ,           [36 - Ibidem. P.128.].

        ,      ,    ,     .          .     ,  ,    ,      .     , <     >,     <, ,    ,  >    [emotion maker]  ;            ,   [37 -   (Joseph Jefferson, 18291905)   ,      ,   .      (    . )       ,   .].    ?   !              [steps],   ,   蠓  [problem steps and action steps][38 -       蠫  [problem steps and action steps]           .   steps .        ,    , ,    , . :     .].       ,      .         . <>   ,         , ,  ,        ,        ,   ,  ,     ,  ,      ,     ,   ,      [39 - Boleslavsky R. Fundamentals of Acting // Theatre Arts Monthly. 1927. Vol.11. No. 2. P.128129.         ,          . , -    -  ,  ,    ,   ,   .          .           .         ,    ,          ,        ,     ,   ,   ,      ,  ,       .   -   -      ( !)           .].

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		   .
		   , 
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.        [emotion maker]?[102 -        (emotion maker)         1927     (Boleslavsky R. Fundamentals of Acting // Theatre Arts Monthly. 1927. Vol. 11. No. 2. P.121129).  .:  . .  :     . .336339.]   .    ,       [dress maker]    ?  ,       ,   ,  ,  ,  .




  .


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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/m-uspenskaya/masterstvo-aktera-shest-pervyh-urokov-zametki-iz-akterskogo-k-68620494/chitat-onlayn/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  . .             :  . .  :     : . . . .: , 2016. .100370.

  . .    :  . .   :      . . //  . Proscaenium. 2011. 34. .254263;  . .       .  // . . . 2012. 2. .79103.




2


  (Leon Schiller, 18871954)  , ,        XX; 19171920     ,    .




3


        :  ,    1909  (.:  . . . . . 628. . 4648).    ,          -: ,    .       :    ,         .




4


  (Lee Strasberg, 19011982)        XX , ,  .  1931   .  .     (19311941).     Actors Studio ( 1947 ).   A Dream of Passion (Boston, 1987),       (Strasberg L. Acting // Encyclopedia Britannica. 1957. Vol. 1. P.5864; Strasberg L. Acting and the Training of the Actor // Producing the Play / Ed. J. Gassner. NY: The Dryden Press, 1941. P.128162).

  (Stella Adler, 19011992)       () ,       .   1920-    ,     (1919).  19251927    .     ,    .  1934     . . .    (    . , . , .  ), 1949   Stella Adler Conservatory.

  (Harold Clurman, 19011980)    .     (Guild Theatre),       (   ),    ,   The New Republic The Nation (19531980).     .




5


. :  . .   蠫 :   // :        XX:  . . 2. .:  , 2006. .388.




6


      ,    ,   .      ,    ,         ,     :      1923 ,     1929 ,     1931 , ,         ,    1932 .




7


Boleslavski R. Way of the Lancer. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1932;  .  :   , 19161918. .:  , 2006.




8


Boleslavski R. Lances Down: Between the Fires in Moscow. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1932.




9


 . .  //  .  :   , 19161918. .78.




10


     1917-.    . .   :    /, ,  , ,     . .  // :        XX . . 7. .: , 2019. .93196.




11


   (IMDb IBDB)   . .   1876-. .: Internet Broadway Database. URL: http://vmw.ibdb.com/Person/View/68484 (  15.06.2015).      Forest Lawn Cemetery -  1887  (URL: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11480 (  15.06.2015)).      1887  (.:  . . .  //   :  . .: , 1998. .2. .182).




12


 . .  ,     . .: , 1976. .506.




13


 . . A.  //   :  . .2. .182.




14


Strasberg L. Interview. 11 Oct. 1975. . : Roberts J. W. Richard Boleslavsky: His Life and Work in the Theatre. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1981. P.147.




15


Gordon M. Stanislavsky in America: An Actors Workbook. London; NY: Routledge, 2010. P.31.




16


.:  . .   蠫 :   // . . 2. .383.




17


Pin-up (.)  ,       .




18


Gordon . Stanislavsky in America. P.32.




19


Ibidem. P.31.




20


                  .:  . .   . .: , 2018.




21


Yogananda P. Autobiography of a Yogi. Los Angeles, Calif.: Self-Realization Fellowship, 1946.




22


.: White A. Stanislavsky and Ramacharaka: The Influence of Yoga and Turn-of-the-Century Occultism on the System // Theatre Survey. 2006. Vol. 47. Iss. 1. P.80.  .: Yogananda P. One Life Versus Reincarnation: An Informal Talk by Paramahansa Yogananda. Audio CD. Self-realization Fellowship: U.S., 2006. ISBN-100876124392.




23


Gordon M. Stanislavsky in America. P.82.




24


   (Tamara Daykarhanova, 18891980)   1907-,    1911 ,   ⠫  . . ,      ,  1922   .  ,    , 1964      ⠫    .




25


.: Gordon . Stanislavsky in America. P.23.




26


  (Harriet Pratt)   , 1950-      .




27


Gordon M. Stanislavsky in America. P.23.




28


Willis R. The American Lab Theatre // Tulane Drama Review. 1964. Vol.9. No. 1. P.113.




29


                     .      .:  . . ,   :       Dream of Passion //   . . . . 2011. 140. .126135.




30


-  (Fran?ois-Joseph Talma, 17631826)   ,   ,          (1825),           .




31


  (Frances Anne Fanny Kemble, 18091893)       , , ,   ,    , 蠫     (1882).




32


- ,  - (Benoit-Constant Coquelin, 18411909)    ,  ,      (1880) 蠫  (1886).    (1894, 1900   ) , 1882, 1889 1892   ,  .




33


  (Louis Calvert, 18591923)  , 1909        ,         .     (1918)         ,       , , , ,  ,          .




34


,     1933 ,    . .        ,     1936  (AnActor Prepares),     1938 .

  (Edith J. R. Isaacs, 18781956)      , 19241945      Theatre Arts Magazine,  19231930   - ,  An Actor Prepares .




35


Boleslavsky R. Fundamentals of Acting // Theatre Arts Monthly. 1927. Vol.11. No. 2. P.121129.




36


Ibidem. P.128.




37


  (Joseph Jefferson, 18291905)   ,      ,   .      (    . )       ,   .




38


      蠫  [problem steps and action steps]           .   steps .        ,    , ,    , . :     .




39


Boleslavsky R. Fundamentals of Acting // Theatre Arts Monthly. 1927. Vol.11. No. 2. P.128129.         ,          .

 , -    -  ,  ,    ,   ,   .          .           .         ,    ,          ,        ,     ,   ,   ,      ,  ,       .   -   -      ( !)           .




40


    concentration,  , , .                ,    (  :  , 1909).  ⠫       .        concentration     .




41


  (David Belasco, 18541931) , , ,              .     1884  1930   ,       ,         -  ,  .




42


 .  .  III,  2.  . .




43


  (John Barrymore, 18821942)  ,     ,     .     1922  (   .     . .   - 16  1922   1923 ). ,    1  1923 ,     (.:  . . . .:  9. .: , 1994. .6. .491).

 1932  .      ,          ,  .




44


 ,  ,         ,      [Acting is the life of the human soul receiving its birth through art]         .




45


  (creative theatre) ,   ,   ,   ,    .        ,            ,     , Princess Theatre      18  1923  (.: Boleslavsky R. The Creative Theatre Lectures // Boleslavsky R. Acting: The First Six Lessons: Documents from the American Laboratory Theatre. London; NY: Routledge, 2010. P.65120).      .:  . .  :     . .326327.




46


 ,            ,         : , ,   .           ,       . .    19161920  (.:  . . . .:  9. .: , 1991. .4.    :   . .48).  , ,           (the searching period)    (the constructive period),                  .




47


   ,        ,       (.: Boleslavsky R. The Creative Theatre Lectures // Boleslavsky R. Acting: The First Six Lessons: Documents P.103104).




48


  Memory of Emotion   . Ӡ      :

  ?    .

. ,     ,  .          .                    ( . . . .:  9. .: , 1989. .2. .279).

           -. .  (Stanislavski . An Actor Prepares / Tr. E. R. Hapgood. NY: Theatre Arts Books, 1936)    emotion memory, .  (Stanislavsky K. An Actors Work: A Students Diary / Tr. and ed. J. Benedetti. London; NY: Routledge, 2008)  Emotion Memory (  ,   ).     .   memory of feelings (    ).

      Memory of Emotion       ,      ,  .




49


  (Charles Augustus Lindbergh, 19021974)  ,       2021  1927 .




50


      .        1860-   ,              .




51


 to be ,  ,       . To be       ,      . ,  ,       ,     .   to be      :    ?  : ,  ,       .  ,     ,  ,  .    ,     . <> ,  ,  蠓 ,    ,  (  )  ( . . . .:  9. .2. .266). :         ,          ( . .486).




52


Thodule Ribot: Problemes de Psychologie Affective: Felix Actan. Paris [ .   . :  , 1910].  . .




53


  (Theodule Ribot, 18391916)  ,   --,  1889       .     .  1910  ,    ,   ,    ,     1870-    1890-  .




54


          / ,    .  . .  (1919) . .  (1921)   /     . .:  . .    //  . .  :  2. .: , 1995. .2. .3739, 4143;  . .    . .:  , 1922. .2631. (  ).

            ,  , .:  . .  :     . .664674.




55


  (Arturo Toscanini, 18671957)     XX ,   .




56


 ,         ,       (  ),        .   ,         ,    ,      .  ,   ,                   .  ,       ,       ( . .   //    / [ . . . ];  . . . , . . . 4- ., . .: ; .: -, 2009. .452).




57


   ,  ,   ,       ,    (trigger), ..  ,             .




58


   ,         (Richard Wagner, 18131883).      ,    1876 .




59


 ,     .  (William . Gabble, 18571921),         (The Mask, 191314. Vol. VI. P.107)        :








(.: Blatchly J. The Bookplates of Edward Gordon Craig. The Bookplate Society and the Apsley House Press, 1997. P.53).




60


  (EdWynn, 18861966)    .  1914     Ziegfeld Follies,      ,   - ,           (1921). ,      .          1930-     .




61


                ,     ,            ,   ,   .      ,       . , ,   1920-            ,       ,   .




62


   ( , !)      (Golden Casket) (.: Boleslavsky R. The Creative Theatre Lectures // Boleslavsky R. Acting: The First Six Lessons: Documents P.117119).




63


     ,  ,   ,   [the object of education is not to know but to live]        (James Rhoades, 18411923) - , , ,      (Rhoades J. The training of the imagination. London: J. Lane, 1908. P.13).




64


 talkies ( ,   talk )    1920-   1930-,        movies ( ,    ,   move ).   movies     .       talkies.




65


    :    talks ()  ,       talkies ( ).




66


       ,     ,     .   ,    (     186667  1902 )   ,    .          .     Arthur George Washington Collins (1866,      ;  ,  Boston Art Club,      Fuller Craft Museum            )        ,     ⠫ .  ,      ,  ,   .




67


  (Sarah Siddons, 17551831)  ,    ;       ,    1785      .




68


 . .  V.  1. . . . .




69


  (David Garrick, 17171779)  , ,   Drury Lane.   III  ,    .




70


 .  III.  V.  4. . . . .




71


   .   . 27  .




72


   (Edwin Thomas Booth, 18331893)    ,      XIX;       , 1869     -.




73


  (Alice Ellen Terry, 18471928)  ,       ,      (Henry Irving, 18381905),  . . .




74


  (Tommaso Salvini, 18291915)  .  1880, 1882, 1885, 19001901   .  1903    .         ,           .       ,            .




75


 . .  3.  3. . . . .      :   ,  !




76


           .: Boleslavsky R. Lectures at the American Laboratory Theater (192526) // Boleslavsky R. Acting: The First Six Lessons: Documents P.136.




77


 : gave you a cue    ,   .




78


  ,           ,        .




79


 ,    (actor)    to act , .




80


           - Klaw Theatre (  18  1925 )      :  . .  :     . .304306.




81


        ,    ,     ,    ,     ,        .




82


              .          (                .    19161920 ,          1930-),     (trunk),   (spine),     (main action).

Trunk  (),     ,  , ,   (,  ..).

Spine  , ;     ;  ; , , .

            .    ,         ,    蠖 ,               1908 .

      .  (1936)     through line of action, .  (2008)  throughaction.      spine       .




83


    ,  ,             (19161920)      . :   [] , ,  ,      .    ,      ,       ( . . . .:  9. .4. .135).




84


,       ,     ,       ,    ,          .




85


             ,        ,    ,       ,    .  ,        .




86


 ,         ,          .




87


       ,    ,  .            ( . .  III.  1. . . . ):

. : , , .




88


.  ,  .

      .




89


. ,    ?




90


.    ?




91


. , ,      ,       .




92


. , !       ,    .    ,   .    -.




93


.     .     ,      .    .




94


.   .    ?     .      ,   ,        .   , , .      ,  ,    , ,     ,  ,   .          ?    .     .    .




95


.   ?




96


.     ,       . .




97


.   ,     .  ,  ,  ,  ,     .   ,  .   .      ,   :     ,      .   ,  !   . !




98


.      .     ,     .   ,  ,  ,      -,     ,     . , . .    .  .    ,    . ,  .   .   ! ().




99


   ,    :  , 1893-,             ⠓    . ,   :      ,    .  ,      .       ,    ,  -  -    ( . .     , 18721907 / . . . . . . .: , 2013. .203).

    ,      :  ,           :  ,  -     [It is a pity his best is so bad] (Craig E. G. Index to the Story of My Days. Cambridge University Press, 1981. P.140).




100


Et tu, Brute?  , ?       ,   .  ,   (10044.  ..)   ,        .




101


Cabinet maker , .: ,  .    maker     : maker ,  - , , ; maker of a verse   , . .: image maker ,  .




102


       (emotion maker)         1927     (Boleslavsky R. Fundamentals of Acting // Theatre Arts Monthly. 1927. Vol. 11. No. 2. P.121129).  .:  . .  :     . .336339.


