 
 


 :   
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RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY

SOCIETY OF CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHERS



RICHARD SWINBURNE

THE EXISTENCE OF GOD



LANGUAGES OF SLAVIC CULTURE MOSCOW 2014



   . . 



      . 



The volume is published with financial support of the John Templeton Foundation



Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York This edition  Richard Swinburne 2004 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker)



First published 1979 Reissued with appendices 1991 This edition published 2004



All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate peprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department,

Oxford University Press, at the address above



     Oxford University Press, 2004    . . ,    . 




Theologia naturalis   ( . .)


 1940- .  ,     ,             , ,               ,      ,      .          ,     .      ,       ,          ,       ,      .  ,  ,    40- .         ,        . ,      ,  ,   ,      ,     ,       .  : : ,          .          ,        .            ,      .

     (  )    theologia naturalis,  ,          .           .        ,        .

         ,       1957.      1959.  1960.        .              ,      ,       .           .  ()                     .  1963.       .               .   ,    (Space and Time),    1968.                .        1972.         .              (The Concept of Miracle, 1971).                 (The Coherence of Theism, 1977,    1993),   (The Existence of God, 1979,    2004)     (Faith & Reason, 1981,    2005).     ,  ,          ,          ,         .  /        1980- .,      19821984.           (Personal Identity,     , 1984),            (The Evolution of the Soul, 1986;    1997).  1985.        .  1993.     .         ,         :    (Responsibility and Atonement, 1989),  (Revelation, 1992;    2007),   (The Christian God, 1994),       (Providence and the Problem of Evil, 1998).    (Epistemic Justification, 2001)          .  2003.       (The Resurrection of God Incarnate),  ,     .            ,          .  2002.          (     )   :   (2004),    (2005)   (2007).       ,              :   ? (Is there a God? 1996)     ? (Was Jesus God? 2008).      (20082013) :     /       ,     ,        :    .      : ,     (Mind, Brain, and Free Will),    2013.             ,           .

     .   ,  1950- .,         -    .   1990- .      : 1995.      .   1990- .         ,   --    ,     .  2010  2011.                    . . : 13  2010.     X       ,        [1 -            , .:  :  20102011. ., 2011. .4050.]; 15  2011.              ,    -    .         :   ?[2 -  .   ? ., 2001.],   [3 -  .   . ., 2007.],    - [4 -  .    -  //  :  20062007. ., 2007. .89137.],  ,   [5 -  .  ,    //     . ., 2013. .3866.]  .

    ,  ໠    .         ,   ,     ,       ,  ,      . ,          .              ,      ,           7?     ,     ,              ,   , .          ,     ,     , .         ,    ,       .   (background knowledge),   ,    (    ),            ,    -  .   ,     ,    , : ,      .      ,  ,   ,       ,  ,    ,       ,    .       .         ,    ,        ,     ,   ,     .   ,            ,      .                ?           ,    ,       ..       ,       .   ,    ,        ,        ,     .    ,            ( ,        ),          .    ,        Homo Sapiens,  ,    ,   ,     ,    .   ,     ,      (=)      ,   ,        .    , ,    ,  ,        .      ,  ,       ,      a priori ,        .    ,   ,   ,          .       : , , , ,   (  )  .  ,       ,        .            .  ,          ,     ,      (    ).  ,       ,     ,  .         (,       ,   ,    )   (   , , ,   ,     ).   ,  ,      ,    .      ,     , ,      ,     .    ,    ,    1979.  : ,    .     [6 - Rowe W The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism // American Philosophical Quarterly, 1979, vol. 16, p.335341.]      .        ,         ,        ?        .   , -,         ,        (, , ,   ..); -,       ,        ,     .   ,       ,          ,      ,          ,  . ,  ,         ,        .       ,   -         -    ,        .

      ,              .           ,    .           ,       . ,      ,   ,        .   ,  ,         ,    ,        ,         .    ,         .       ,    ,    (    )       ,   ,        : ,            .             ,     ,      .

,     ,  ,       :    ,     .      ,         .         () ,      . -,  ,        -  ,           -     (, -,    ,        ). -,  ,   ,   ,       (,  ,           ).         ,         ,     ,    ,      (,   ,      ).        ,         ,      ( ,   ,    ). ,  ,      ,  ,  ,        .   (, ,  ),     ,        -  ,  ,    ,    .       ,      .  ,       ,    ,    (  - ),   ,     (   ); ,  -  , ,   .      .   ,     -   - ,  (   ), ,   . ,        ,   ,              .  ,      ,             ,        ,             .

                 . -,      ,         .     , ,  ultimate brute fact    ,   ,    . -,    ,     (valid),  (good),  (correct)   (strong),          . -,        (agent).        ,       .    (humanly free agents)           ,   .       .                     .        ,               .     ,     ,     .

                 .

          ,      ,      .




   


 ໠     ,     .      1979.      1991.,        ,     .       .           6, 7  8 ,      1991.,     ,       (   2 ),           .   9         ,  10  11       ,   .        :    ,            (    ),              .      12   ,     .          .       ,           .        ,    [ ],    , ,  -           ,     .    ,    ,          ,               (          ,  , -    ,    ,         [7 - Swinburne R. The Resurrection of God Incarnate. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003; . .:  .   . ., 2008.]).

       ,        1976  1977.,     (Forwood Lectures),       1977.   ,      ,   ,           ,   ,   .    ,      .

           ,      ,   :      [8 - Swinburne R. Whole and Part in Cosmological Arguments // Philosophy, 1969, vol. 44, p.330340.],  [9 - Swinburne R. The Argument from Design // Philosophy, 1968, vol. 43, p.199212.],  .  [10 - Swinburne R. The Argument from Design  A Defence // Religious Studies, 1972, vol. 8, p.193205.],  [11 - Swinburne R. The Problem of Evil//Reason and Religion / Ed. by S. C. Brown. N. Y., 1977.],  [12 - Swinburne R. Natural Evil//American Philosophical Quarterly, 1978, vol. 15, p.295301.], ,   [13 - Swinburne R. Mackie, Induction and God //Religious Studies, 1983, vol. 19, p.385391.],     [14 - Swinburne R. The Argument from the Fine-Tuning of the Universe //Physical Cosmology and Philosophy / Ed. by J. Leslie. L., 1990.].               :     [15 - Swinburne R. The Argument from Laws ofNature Reassessed //Reason, F aith and History: Essays in Honour of Paul Helm / Ed. by M. Stone. Farnham, 2004.],        [16 - Swinburne R. The Argument to God from Fine-Tuning Reassessed//God and Design: The Teleological Argument and Modern Science / Ed. by N. A. Manson. L., 2003.],     ?[17 - Swinburne R. What is so Good about Having a Body? // Comparative Theology / Ed. by T. W. Bartel. Oxf, 2003.],       [18 - Swinburne R. Prior Probabilities in the Argument from Fine-Tuning // Faith and Philosophy, 2005, vol. 22, 5, p.641653.].            9        ?[19 - Swinburne R. Is There a God? Oxford University Press, 1996; . .:  .   ? ., 2006.],   11           [20 - Swinburne R. Providence and the Problem of Evil. Oxf., 1998.]. , ,              .

 




   


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      ,    ,          ,        . .    1.




 .: Swinburne R. The Coherence of Theism. L., 1993 (m. 12).




              (Swinburne R. The Christian God. L., 1994).




       ,  , , . .          . ,  ,  ,  ,   . , ,  , .           ,     , ., .: The Ontological Argument / Ed. by A. Plantinga. L., 1968.  ,      , .: Barnes J. The Ontological Argument. L., 1972.




 ., .  . .: Summa Theologiae, Ia2.1.




              .




Swinburne R. Providence and the Problem of Evil. Oxf., 1998.




                    .




  :  8. . 3. ., 1994. . 447.




  , , , ,      ,  ,              . ,  :



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           ,        , .: Swinburne R. Epistemic Justification. Oxf., 2001 (. 3).




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 ., .,         (648-58).  : ,  ,     ,     ,       ,    ,     (655), . :  .  . . 471.




      ,  ,  ,  , ,   ..,     . .: Swinburne R. The Coherence of Theism, p.102103.




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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


           , .:  :  20102011. ., 2011. .4050.




2


 .   ? ., 2001.




3


 .   . ., 2007.




4


 .    -  //  :  20062007. ., 2007. .89137.




5


 .  ,    //     . ., 2013. .3866.




6


Rowe W The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism // American Philosophical Quarterly, 1979, vol. 16, p.335341.




7


Swinburne R. The Resurrection of God Incarnate. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003; . .:  .   . ., 2008.




8


Swinburne R. Whole and Part in Cosmological Arguments // Philosophy, 1969, vol. 44, p.330340.




9


Swinburne R. The Argument from Design // Philosophy, 1968, vol. 43, p.199212.




10


Swinburne R. The Argument from Design  A Defence // Religious Studies, 1972, vol. 8, p.193205.




11


Swinburne R. The Problem of Evil//Reason and Religion / Ed. by S. C. Brown. N. Y., 1977.




12


Swinburne R. Natural Evil//American Philosophical Quarterly, 1978, vol. 15, p.295301.




13


Swinburne R. Mackie, Induction and God //Religious Studies, 1983, vol. 19, p.385391.




14


Swinburne R. The Argument from the Fine-Tuning of the Universe //Physical Cosmology and Philosophy / Ed. by J. Leslie. L., 1990.




15


Swinburne R. The Argument from Laws ofNature Reassessed //Reason, F aith and History: Essays in Honour of Paul Helm / Ed. by M. Stone. Farnham, 2004.




16


Swinburne R. The Argument to God from Fine-Tuning Reassessed//God and Design: The Teleological Argument and Modern Science / Ed. by N. A. Manson. L., 2003.




17


Swinburne R. What is so Good about Having a Body? // Comparative Theology / Ed. by T. W. Bartel. Oxf, 2003.




18


Swinburne R. Prior Probabilities in the Argument from Fine-Tuning // Faith and Philosophy, 2005, vol. 22, 5, p.641653.




19


Swinburne R. Is There a God? Oxford University Press, 1996; . .:  .   ? ., 2006.




20


Swinburne R. Providence and the Problem of Evil. Oxf., 1998.


