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1


 2010.      ()  .




2


  2011.      () . 1 2013.             () . 1 2013.       ,    () .




3


 ..     . 2-e ., . . ., 2010.




4


 ..    :   . ., 2001.




5


 ..   (): . . , 2012.




6


      .            .




7


      .          .




8


 2013.        .      -     1984.  .




9


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10


., : Mohd. Masum Billah. Islamic Insurance: Its Origins and Development // Arab Law Quarterly. 1998. 13(4). P. 386422.             ( ) ,  . ,    ,            .           .:  ..       (     ) //   . 2003. 34 (78). . 181183.




11


 ..      .   ( ) //   . 1927. 1920. . 111.




12


.




13


., : Syed Khalid Rashid. Takaful Financed by Zakah Funds for Muslim Social Security: With Special Reference to Malaysia // Journal of Objective Studies. 1998. Vol. 10, No. 1. P. 102115.          .:  ..       (     ) //   . 2003. 34 (78). . 181183.




14


 .      / . . . . ., 2005. . 260261.




15


 . . 260.




16


   .: Afzal-ur-Rahman. Banking and Insurance (Economic Doctrines of Islam). London, 1979. Vol. IV. P. 32.




17


 .    . ., 2002. . 312.




18


  .    ,      .      ,     .




19


 .    . ., 2002. . 275276.




20


      -  :  .    . ., 2002. . 308.     :  .    . ., 2002. . 46.




21


  ,           .  ,  ,     : Kauz R. A Kazaruni Network? // Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road: From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea / Ed. By R.Kauz. Wiesbaden, 2010. P. 68).




22


Kauz R. A Kazaruni Network? // Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road: From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea/ Ed. By R.Kauz. Wiesbaden, 2010. P. 68.




23


         :    㔻      : www.almeshkat.com/books/open.php?cat=38&book=2466 (http://www.almeshkat.com/books/open.php?cat=38&book=2466)




24


   ,    ,      -   ,   1911.




25


 ,     ,    ,  ,       .          1845.     ,   1848.     .




26


World Insurance: The Evolution of a Global Risk Network / Ed. by Peter Borscheid, Niels Viggo Haueter. Oxford, 2012. P. 353.




27


           1914.




28


Samir Mankabady. Insurance and Islamic Law: The Islamic Insurance Company // Arab Law Quarterly. 1989. Vol. 4. No. 3. P. 201.




29


         .:  ..           (  ,   ) //   . ., 1965. . 233261.




30


Yasar Nuri ?zt?rk. Insurance and Indemnity Contracts from the Islamic Point of View // Istanbul ?niversitesi Ilahiyat Fak?ltesi Dergisi. 2001. 4. P. 3.




31


             - .  ,    ,     ,    ,       ( -. - -- -  -. , 1975. . 213).




32


 2011.    (),


