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         .

    Ѡ(     )     .           ,           .              .                   (Bureau of Intelligence and Research).

       ( , Secret Intelligence; , X-2)     .          (Strategic Services Unit, SSU).

     11        1945  1967[1 - Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.13.].   15 23  .    (    )  , , , , ,  .

  ,   [2 -                  .            .],               ,        .

  1945     ,          ( ,  20-       ).                 .       .

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            ,        .    ,      Ӡ ( 19661973.)  .

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                .  1939        ,     .

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                (  1945     ,  )    .              (   )[4 -   ,        ,        .],             -2   -262.

  1945        .          Ӡ .     ,    ,      . Ƞ      ,     .         ,          1944,      - .

          ,  :  , ,       , -       ,   .   ,   ,      [5 - https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2012-featured-story-archive/cia-museum-artifacts-letter-from-helms.html].

  1945     ,       .      .

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    .   1946      ,       ꠫  .       .

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                     .     [6 - Grose P. Allen Dulles. Spymaster. Andre Deutsch, 2006. P.262.].

     ,          1947.      ,     ,   ,             .             .  -     .

  -      ,              , ,  .

  1946                        (, Central Intelligence Group). 2          ,      (SO, Office of Special Operations).     , SO    ,         .        (       ),    SO    ,      .

     ,          (National Intelligence Authority).      ,  ,    ,         .              [7 - Ranelaugh J. The Agency. The Rise and Decline of the CIA. New York, 1987. P.104.].

    2 ,        Ѡ -  [8 -   1892   ,  .             .].

    ,                  .      ,           .        -      ⠫ .

      .     ,      (     ,       ).            [9 - Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.14.].              ,  :   .

     -,        .                  (       ).           .        軠 ,         .       ,   ,   ,            .

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             .  1940,          ,      ,      1944    .

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 -           ,               .    ,  ,   ,            .

                  .             .                  10 .

           (, - )       ,      .

      ,     .         .

   ,     ,   228    ,      [11 - Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.19.].                             .

17 1946             [12 -  19631968.            Presidents Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board,   1968.    .],         ,           .              .

       37-  ,   SO.

      ,      ,     .            ໠ ,  .            ,       [13 - Thomas E. The Very Best Men. New York, 1995. P.18.].   ,           .    ,   ,   - .

    (  )  ,        18611865., , ,      .  ,       .                .      ,     .

     ,     (  ),            1936   .        -໠ -         .

  -     1941 (      -)   Ѡ.         ,        .   1943            .

     ,     .             .    ,          , , ,   .  ,      :       ,    [14 - Thomas E. The Very Best Men. New York, 1995. P.20.].

    1944              - .        .    30-    ,     24- .    ,     ,      ,      .        ,       .        ,     ,   (,  ).

    ,         ,         .

 (       )      -            -       (     )  .         (             ),     .          .

         ,    1944,         ,      .

,       ,   1945      .        .      :   ,  .                    .    [15 - Thomas E. The Very Best Men. New York, 1995. P.22.]

       . ,      ,  -  : ,       ,  .              ,      :                ( )  .           [16 - Ibid. P.23.].

  1945        ,      200   ,                  .

           ,     Ѡ (,   ,      -)          .

  1947           ,        .

              .




 :   19471949.   


   1944       ,           ,   ,     .     (),  ,   1944           ,  -  .     ()   1944  120 ,       .         80 ,   1700 .

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26 1946         ().   1947                .  ,            1947   ,         .        .      ,    .

                 . 120        1820 ,      ,   .         ,        :        .            .      .

                  .    (   )    :

         ,                (        ).                   [17 - Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P.13.].

     (      )    .  ,                   .  ,          ,       (  )    .

 ,   1946      300 ,   65,    100[18 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf].

 1946       ,           ,              [19 - Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 14.].      .

   ( 1946)        :                    ( )  [20 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf].

      .   1946      ,                    .          .         [21 - Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 15.].

 ,        .             .          .

           .     1946 (       )            100 . ,           6 1941            .             .

      ⠫    蠫,   .    ,    ,        .  ,     .      ,   ,        ,   ,   ,  ,   ,      .

,                .

       ,     31 1946 293 .   ,        .    1946        10 .        25 .      [22 -         ,   1  1946        .]  Ѡ.

  1947          ,          (Office of Price Administration).          .    ,          .    ,    .  ,   ,  ⠫  軠      [23 - Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 29.].       1946    ,         50 [24 - http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a284240.pdf].

  1947   ,         ,  ,   ,   1      .          ,             [25 -       .] 31 1947.

         :       [26 - Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.24.].

    28 1947  :           .              ,       .      -           ,    .               , ,    .

                   : (1)   ; (2) ,       ,   .              (   ) ,            

     .           .                        , ,       腻[27 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf]

              ,      .        (  )                .

12 1947                     (   )  . ,  , :               .        .            ,   ,  ,   ,        .       ,     .        ,     ,          .  ,          ,          .

  ,                  :            ,  ,         ,    .         .      .         ,        .       .    ,       .              [28 - http://www.coldwar.ru/truman/doctrine.php].

        .  19471948.        400  ,    (    350).

,        -    .   (,     ) ,   ,     .   ,             ,   .          .

                (Inter-departmental Committee for Aid to Greece and Turkey).

                 1947     (United States Army Group Greece, USAGG).        (      ),         .     54     22 1947.

      5 ,    3500    ( ).

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  1947      ,        40 .      ,  (    ,     ).              25 .                .   ,       , ,     .

  ,              ,      [29 - Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 93.].        .        ,        .             .

                ,    1947        USAGG.

  1947       ,             .              9        3     20        [30 - Ibid. P. 95.].

          20  500 (  1947    100).  ,    ,                 .

          ,      ,  .     ()   1947    Ѡ,  ,       .

   1947            (   16)    ,  .    -    ,      .       ,      [31 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf].           ,         ,     ,    .       .

                 .   1947             (Joint United States Military Advisor and Planning Group, JUSMAPG).         ,  1- ,      .

     1947           ,   ʠ   ( ).         - .

  1947     (     ),           .    (?  ),             ,       .       :

       ;

      ;

   15 1947             ;

 -   ,         [32 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf].

     ,        ,       .   1948      -   [33 -    (18921992)                   .              .           8-  ,           -.        - ,        ,     ,    .].    ,       ,     酻[34 - http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a284240.pdf]   1948   -    .          ,        .     50          .

  1948            ( 25 ) .     2 1948,            1948[35 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf].   60%    1948    ,   25%             .

  1948        .         - .

         1948,          .        .

     15 1948,    ,        .          , ,    ,       .

20 1948                  .            ,         [36 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf].   30         ,        .

      ,     .   23   ,  -             .   .

23 1948  ,         .  ,       .

       (        ),       3- ,          .  29      .   8    60   ,  87.

21 1948   .      , , ,  .          .     1948    ,       .          .        1948  .       ,      ,  .

    1948 ( 24   ),       .    1948  1949       5  .       ⠫ .

      ,      ,            ,       .       ,             ,      .

  Ӡ18 1948       ,    - [37 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf].               .

    Ӡ19 1949    :   -   - ,         ,          ,    750 [38 - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod3.pdf].      ,     ,     .              .

  ,  ,    ,    .     ,             .   ,   ,      ,      .

21 1949          -  19401941.  ,    . Ӡ ,  ,   .       [39 - http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a284240.pdf].       . 5 1949,   ,          150 250 . ,          ,    .

 19 1948      ( ),    4  .   ,  ,         .      ,    . Ѡ    .    ,     1949       250.

    ( 1949)        ,     .          ,                       ,  .

27 1949  (     )   ,        .           -   .          .           .              .

        , ,         .

,              10    ,   .      .                      .     : 10 1949        .

    1949    ,        .        (   1949).  ,     ,  ,         .

  ,     1949,                 .        ,      .

25 1949        .             ,       .       .      .

  3 1949        ,       1949.   ,     .

2 1949         .       .                   .      ,        .

22 1949  ,          .         .

25   50            .      .    .

 , 19471949             ,     .       200 , 1  (  )        ,    .        . ,  19411944   ,     .       ,           .

,       . 8 1948      .        .        .         ,    ,      ,          .               .

          ,        .    ,       1946      .                      ⠫   ꠫     .           ,    .

 1948     ,        ,      .  ,             .

            ,     ,     (  , ,   ). ,       -         (  )  .

            .                    .

       ,            .      ,         ,      [40 - Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.19.].    ,    1946                       - (.. )  .  , , ,      ,       .  -      (    -)       .   1946   ,               .

,       ,     ,  ,         .




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                   (displaced persons).       ,       (   700)    ,  . ,      ,          .

         4794087 ,    2102234 , 1906661  , 399374  .  ,          2016480    .       1945  3338583 [41 -  ..   . ., 2015. .6.].   , 75%      , 5%  ,   25% [42 -  . .15.].

       (  , , ,   ..)     .      ,         .

           1944.         ⠫ .     1944                   . 16 1944           ,             . 11 1944  ʠ   - ..    ,         ,    .       .    ,      ,        ,   ,     ,           [43 -  ..   . ., 2015. .6.]

11 1945           .              ,      蠫       .         .

          ,   .        :   ,  ,      ,  ;            ,      .   ,        .      ,    .    ,   .     셻[44 -  ..   . ., 2015. .184.]

      ,          3 1939 (       -   ).  ,  ,    .       ,   1945     5 ,         2,2.      ( 1946)     .     1946    250 .

  1946       61 , 47 , 21    100  (  ),   22    (    ).

                 850       .       ,  .    , 1947      270  .

              ( 1947).     :        ,                                텻[45 -  ..   . ., 2015. .60.]   ,         ,   33 (1 , 12).

     . Ѡ1 1945            (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration UNRRA, ).     7     ,     .      ,    1 ,      .       ,       .        ,   . ,      518 ,    478,   418,   261,           188 .

     30 1947.            .  1947       20        .  80    ,       . ʠ1951  150     (      ). 189    ( ,    ). 33    , 29  , 17   . 38   .

             (      ).  22 1948       ,     200 .   16 1950      200  .     137  .

  (,  ..)  ,    .

 1951             (     -).    ,  1 1952      451561  ( , ,         ),    103  .    109    114  .

ʠ1953          250 .         1959.

 ,         .   ,       ,            6 (   ).        17 1955   ,          .

           ,         .         ,               .             .

       ,        .

   1946       Paperclip ()       ,      . ,         ,      .

       (Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency, JIOA)                     .

          ,             1945.     ,    ,                  .   ,   JIOA        ,      ,      ,           .

    ,       , JIOA        . JIOA                 .     ,         .       ,   ,            JIOA.

 1943         ,   .         (   ӗ1-2),       .  , -,     (Wehrforschungsgemeinschaft),         ,         .   1945    -       .       MI-6,     .

  ,            ,         ,       .   ,   ,    .

       ,  ,   ,   . 22 1945               ,        (..    ).

              ,   -2.          ,   .

            ,    ,    1 1945     .           -      ,     .




  .


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notes








1


Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.13.




2


                 .            .




3


 19471949.      ().  19531960.       ,  19581965.    . ,         ,  (   )     .




4


  ,        ,        .




5


https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2012-featured-story-archive/cia-museum-artifacts-letter-from-helms.html




6


Grose P. Allen Dulles. Spymaster. Andre Deutsch, 2006. P.262.




7


Ranelaugh J. The Agency. The Rise and Decline of the CIA. New York, 1987. P.104.




8


  1892   ,  .             .




9


Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.14.




10


      , , ,       ,          .




11


Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.19.




12


 19631968.            Presidents Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board,   1968.    .




13


Thomas E. The Very Best Men. New York, 1995. P.18.




14


Thomas E. The Very Best Men. New York, 1995. P.20.




15


Thomas E. The Very Best Men. New York, 1995. P.22.




16


Ibid. P.23.




17


Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P.13.




18


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf




19


Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 14.




20


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf




21


Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 15.




22


        ,   1  1946        .




23


Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 29.




24


http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a284240.pdf




25


      .




26


Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.24.




27


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf




28


http://www.coldwar.ru/truman/doctrine.php




29


Jones H. A New Kind of War. Americas Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford University Press, 1989. P. 93.




30


Ibid. P. 95.




31


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf




32


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod1.pdf




33


   (18921992)                   .              .           8-  ,           -.        - ,        ,     ,    .




34


http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a284240.pdf




35


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf




36


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf




37


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod2.pdf




38


https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat-the-early-cold-war-years/5563bod3.pdf




39


http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a284240.pdf




40


Weiner T. Legacy of Ashes. New York, 2007. P.19.




41


 ..   . ., 2015. .6.




42


 . .15.




43


 ..   . ., 2015. .6.




44


 ..   . ., 2015. .184.




45


 ..   . ., 2015. .60.


