SQL  
 


  ,      SQL,      .    ,            SQL-.     .        ,       ,    SQL       .      .





SQL  



 



 ,2023



ISBN978-5-0059-4959-2

     Ridero







 ,     ,    SQL,   .   ,   ,      SQL. , ,                    ,         .   ,         SQL     .    ,   ?     ?

 ,   ,   SQL,  . Ѡ   ,     .    , , ,   ,   ,     .    SQL   .      SQL ,    .  ,    

    . Ƞ   ,   ,     SQL,  ,  .

     .      ,       ,   SQL      .    .

  ?           SQL.     ,   , .    .

         ,      ,  ,     .         .    SQL      .         ,        ,  SQL   .

        shop project_management.    shop    ,       project_management.       .            .         ,     . SQL    .       .




  



    ,   .   :     () MariaDB      eidiSQL.




    ?


 ,            . ,         SQL.       ,           .       .       .     HeidiSQL.

 MariaDB    https://mariadb.org/download/.  HeidiSQL    MariaDB,     .

  .       (.1.1).






.1.1  MariaDB



  ,    (.1.2).






.1.2   



  Install   .

     ,  MariaDB   .

  ,      .

      .        :

 -> -> .






.1.3 MariaDB  



 .      MariaDB,    MySQL.  . MySQL MariaDB     ,     .     ,    .

  HeidiSQL (.1.4).






.1.4  HeidiSQL



 MariaDB   ,    HeidiSQL  ,       127.0.0.1.   IP,   ,       ,   .  IP   .        localhost,    127.0.0.1.  MariaDB    ,      IP  .

     root      MariaDB    .

       ,   .

MariaDB     3306,    .

      .     Unnamed.       ,   .

       (.1.5).






.1.5   



      ,     MariaDB  . ,     ,   .     ,      .

     ,     ,     (.1.6).






.1.6   




   ?


         Unnamed (.1.7).






.1.7   




   


       .    project_management.      (.1.8).






.1.8- 



        ,    UTF8.      .       .

   ? , ,          ,  .      .       .

    utf8_bin.    ,   ,  utf8_bin.

    .    ,    



CREATE DATABASE `project_manager`



   .     HeidiSQL,       .

 OK   .           F5,     (.1.9).






.1.9    



    project_manager   .

,  .       ,        utf8_bin (.1.10).  -      ,      . ,  latin1_swedish_ci,      test,   .






.1.10    



           (.1.11).






.1.11 




  ?


               蠫 (.1.12)






.1.12  



     .      projects (.1.13).






.1.13  



      . Ӡ   : projectID projectName (.1.13).

 projectID    INT.       . Ѡ     projectID   Primary,   .1.14.  ,       .






.1.14   



       AUTO_INCREMENT (.1.15).






.1.15   



  ,      ,       1   .

  projectName    varchar c   50(.1.16).       .   varchar (50)       ,     50.






.1.16   varchar(50)



ӠMariaDB     .       (.1.17).       .        .

.1.17  ,   SMALLINT     -32768+32767, ,          , 065535.






.1.17  



,  ,       . Ƞ  ,        utf8_bin (.1.18).

       ,  ,     .       (.1.18)    .






.1.18- 



 .  .

      (.1.19).    - ,   !       SQL-.






.1.19 SQL-



,    ,  

		CREATETABLE `projects`(
		`projectID` INTUNSIGNEDNOTNULLAUTO_INCREMENT,
		`projectName` VARCHAR (50) NULL,
		PRIMARYKEY (`projectID`)
		)
		COLLATE=utf8_bin;

       CREATE (.1.20).






.1.20  CREATE



  REATE TABLE,   .   ,     ,      SQL-   . , ,   CREATE   .

     ,    SQL.    ,    .




  


 ,   ,    (.1.21).






. 1.21  



       ,   Insert (.1.22).






.1.22  



     .    (.1.23).






.1.23  



     (.1.24).






.1.24  




 ࠹1


   project_manager  employee ()   (.1.25):






.1.25   employees



    (.1.26)






.1.26  




 


    projects,    ,  employees,    .     ,       .

 ,     蠫    --. (     ,                  .)

      ,          .   job   jobID  employeeID (.1.27).






.1.27 job



   employeeID  .           (.1.28).






.1.28 



       .         (.1.29).






.1.29   



     job,     (employeeID),       (employees) , ,     employees   (employeeID).   .




 ࠹2


1.  job     projectID,   projectID  projects.

2.    .

dateBegin      DATE;

dateEnd      DATE.

     NULL.

3.   payment   .   MEDIUMINT, NULL ,   -0(.1.30).






.1.30    job




 


    . 1.31.






.1.31  



  ,  , ,      job    projects,   job    employees.

  job    5,    employees,      .

    ,      .  ,    .         . Ƞ  .

    projectID  job   ,      (.1.32).






.1.32     



      ,  ,   ,  .    ,      ,      . ,       :     2022,      1, 2, 3,4.

   .   1( )  -   .        1.     job,    ?       DELETE    (.1.33).






.1.33    



       :

RESTRICT .         employees     :






.1.34  RESTRICT



  ,       ,      .   1 employees      job.      ,    .      :

      job,      employee.   .

   ,         .

CASCADE  .        1      job.     .   ,    ,  ,    ,  ,    .

SET NULL   NULL. NULL   ,  - .        employee,   job    (.1.35):






.1.35  SETNULL



NO ACTION  .        employees,  job  .  employeeID     1,     .

      ,  ,         RESTRICT.        .    RESTRICT     .

            .    employees        15,         :     RESTRICT,  ,  NULL    (.1.36).






.1.36       




   (  ).


  ()        ,      .       *.sql,         .      ,       .

            SQL (.1.37).






.1.37     



       (.1.38).






.1.38   



    .          ,      .        ,   .1.39.






.1.39  



 ,       .      ,  .1.40.






.1.40    



  ,    . ,      ,        (.1.41).






.1.41        .



  ,   .1.39,      (.1.42).






.1.42 



     project_management. sql,       (.1.43).




  .


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