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  2021.    Minecraft   150 ꠖ    ,  2014.,     Microsoft.     Minecraft     ,  Roblox,       5 225   .  Roblox Corporation,   2020. 75%   9 12     .         6   ,     100      15 .  Adopt Me! Roblox,      ,    - 2017.;    ,     . ʠ 2021.   Adopt Me!    30 砖  15   ,        2019.  Roblox (   ,    30)    $1  . ʠ 2021. Roblox       :    50%      Activision Blizzard Nintendo.

      Minecraft Roblox,  2010- .      . ,  2018. - Fortnite    Fortnite Creative Mode     Minecraft Roblox.    Fortnite      .  2020.  - (  )     ,     28       .       ,     ,     Billboard Hot 100 (     ),   2020.      .  ,      Astroworld        Billboard.       Fortnite   200  YouTube.

     , MUD Fortnite,    , ,               .    ,        ,       ,   .

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                , ,   .          ,              ,  .

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    Tencent, Alibaba ByteDance       ,   ,       ,         . ,     NetEase,     , ,       2021., :     ,    .  ,          ,   .  NetEase   .  ,    -,   . Ƞ -   ,  ,         [21 - Alex Sherman, "Execs Seemed Confused About theMetaverse onQ3 Earnings Calls," CNBC, November20, 2021, accessed January5, 2021, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/20/executives-wax-poetic-on-the-metaverse-during-q3-earnings-calls.html (https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/20/executives-wax-poetic-on-the-metaverse-during-q3-earnings-calls.html).].

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 :      Unity  ,  ,     ,    ,      , ,  ,   Oculus. ,  :  ,     .     . Ƞ      Nvidia, ,  Nvidia.    , Nvidia,   ,    . ,     . ,  .  .

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 Microsoft Facebook      ,   ,     ,    ,       .  ,   ,         . -            ,    ,    ,      .       ,    -    .       5%  ,   .

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1


        Meta Platforms  Facebook.              Meta Platforms   .   . ,   .




2


 2021.   ,          $9095.




3


 , Securities Times    .




4


       ,         ,       - Qualcomm Microsoft.      -  Magic Leap.




5


   ,  .     ,       ,      .  ,       .




6


  1991.   ,     - (Daniel Fischlin, Veronica Hollinger, Andrew Taylor, William Gibson, Bruce Sterling, " 'The Charisma Leak': AConversation with William Gibson andBruce Sterling," Science Fiction Studies 19, no. 1 [March1992], 13).       ,          (Aude Lancelin, "The Matrix Decoded: LeNouvel Observateur Interview with Jean Baudrillard," LeNouvel Observateur 1, no. 2 [July2004]).        ,   :  ,      ,   (Lana Wachowski andLilly Wachowski, TheMatrix, directed byLana Wachowski andLilly Wachowski [1999; Burbank, CA: Warner Bros., 1999], DVD).    ,   Tencent  ,  .




7


    Epic Games  Apple   : [] ,  -         (Epic Games, Inc. v. Apple Inc., U. S. District Court, Northern District ofCalifornia, Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR, Document 812, filed September10, 2021).




8


           ,     (J. D. N. Dionisio, W. G. Burns III, andR. Gilbert, "3D Virtual Worlds andthe Metaverse: Current Status andFuture Possibilities," ACM Computing Surveys 45, issue 3 [June2013], http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2480741.2480751 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2480741.2480751)).        ,        , , ,  ,       .










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2


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4


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19


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20


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21


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22


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23


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24


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