  :  .        
 


  
    ,  ,        ,    20     .  2001 .     ()  .       .        .

           ,     , ,       ,       ,    ,         .    ,   ,     ,      .

  PDF A4    .





 

  

 

       



Guy Mettan

Russie-Occident, une guerre de mille ans. La russophobie de Charlemagne ? la crise ukrainienne


* * *

  .     ,   ,    



 2020 by Guy Mettan

 ,   һ, 2023




      


       (Guy Mettan, Russie-Occident, une guerre de mille ans. La russophobie de Charlemagne ? la crise ukrainienne. Gen?ve, ditions des Syrtes, 2015)   2015            .           ,         ,       ,            .

                 -          !,  !,          ,      -  ,    .      , ..       ,  ,     ,       ,   (       ).

     ,        ,     .   ,       ,  .       ,   2017     .

       .   ,      2016 ,        .      ,   ,            .

,     , ,   ,    ,         .      ,      ,    ,       ,           .

        ,              I        1815 ,      .

  ,          ,              ,     ,     .  ,          ,  ,             .

,     ,           .       ,        .  ,         ,    ,       ,  ,   ,        ,      ,     .

   2017     .

 60-   ,           20         ,     .      ,      -      .

 ,                     (),    ,       .

             ,   ,  ,    ,   ,      ,            .

    ,   ,    -  .       ,               ,     ,     .    ,  -          ,      .

    ,       29     ( )   ,   ,   .     ,     2006          ,                    .

              .     ,     ,               ,   ? ,       ,     .

   .         .

      ,  ,   ,      (),        ,               .

    .   ,        ,      ,     .

,         :     ,           Tribune de Gen?ve,           ,       .

            ,        (  ),              ,      .

        ,   ,  ,      ,      .

     ,     ?

  ,     ,    :     ,                 , ,     ,  ,         .

  ,                  ,     40-      .         .

            ,      ,    .     ,          ,    ( ),      ,     ,           .

               ,    ,         .

,       ,   ()  ,     , [1 - . .2.],        .     ,      ,   -  -   ,                    

 ,

,  2017.




 

  [2 -    ,             . folie, . , , , . . .]?


    ( -  )     ,        ,        ; ,      ,       .           -   [3 - .           . ,    ,        ,  .. , ,             ,     .] .

 .  . 1982

   ,         ,    .        .

       24  2022        ,      ,         ( , ,    )        .      ,    ,  , ,          ,     ,          ,   1930- ,         :      ,    ,        ,    ,  ,      .     ,      ,          !

,           .    ,  ,    ,      ,              ,     ,      ?         ,   ,    ,          ,      ,       ?

           ,       ,  ,     .                       .

      .        .       .   ,  ,   ,      .    ,       .     ,   ,        ,        ,       ,       habeas corpus (   )    .

 :            .  ,        ,      ,        . ,    ,      ,     . ,     ,    ,           ,   ,     .    2014     2022-        ,    ,  ,    ,                     ,         .

,             ,      ,    ,       (  , ,      2008-)   ,      .  ,  ,       ,      ,     ,          ,    ,     , -,   .

           ,     ,      ,     .         ,        ,      ,    ,          ,   .

   ,       .

          2015 .             ,    .          .     ,  ,                        .

     2014 ,     ARD,          2015-,     ()  ,      ()  ,          .        .     ,  ,    ,       .

,   1999    ,    ,      ,             ,  ,             [4 -  2012    .  ,     ,     2021 .      .].       , , 

      ,       ,      .   2016    ,     ,     - .     .   ,        ,   : ,     ,   ;  ,           .        . 118          .   2017         ,     , ,            ,   .

      ,  ,       , ,           ,       ,    ,   .            ,     ,           -                 ,     , ,             ,           .

     30  2015            .                          -.      ,   ,        ,        ,   ,    .

            .     2013-      ,             2019-,                 ,    .          ,    - ,    ,  - ,     ,  ,    ( ),      ,      ,    .

    2014  2018                 ,           .  2018-,   ,                  .        ,     , -     .        ,     

,    ,  2013 ,            -    [5 -    21  2017    ,       ,       ( ,       -  :   ). :     ,               .      ,          . .: La France sengage ? accueillir des Casques blancs vacus de Syrie, Francinfo, 23  2018.]     ,      ,         [6 -      ,          ,       . .: Klaus Klarenberg, Network of UK Intel-Linked Operative Helped Sell Every Alleged Syrian Chemicfl Weapons Attack, Consortium News, August 10, 2021,  Aaron Mat, OPCW Excs Praised Whistleblower & Criticized Syria Cover-Up, Leaks Reveal, The Grayzone, December 9, 2020.].  2022 ,              ,     ,  ,        ,     45 000        ,    .    ,     ;         2022   [7 - .:              ,  , Le Monde, 13  2022.   ,    Human Rights Watch ,  46%        .     6786 ,    ,    27         (. :     , Human Rights Watch, 16  2015).     ].

       ,  ,   ,    2016      .   ,  ,               ,        ,         ,       .    ,       2016       ,       -    ,          ,                 .

  , ,   ,      ,      ,            ;   :    ,   ;  :      .            ,       -,    ,      ,                            .

     2019-,                    . ,    ,             2016       ,       . ,                ,   ,          .

  2020                           . ,        ,     2021-    ,         .     ,           ,     ,   ,       ,    ,  ,        ,     ,        ,     ,     .

 ,                .       (        ,           ) ,    -   - , WAPO, , C-SPAN, ,        .  ,        ,        ,   .   - ,          ,   ,     [8 - Alex Gylden Ce Russiagate qui fait pshitt LExpress, 18  2021.         (  , ,    )          Jacques Baud. Gouverner par les fake news. Conflits internationaux: 30 ans dintox utilises par les pays occidentaux, Max Milo, 2020. LAffaire Navalny. Le complotisme au service de la politique trang?re, Max Milo,2021.              2021 : Le dtournement du vol Ryanair FR4978.    , Sigest, 2021.].

          .         ,     .

4  2018      ,     .         ,    ,           -,           .   ,          ,              ().

         ,   ,   ,    .  - ,      .     -      -  ,                    ,       .

          ,     , ,   ,    . ,  , ,       .       -  ,       .    ,   ,     ,      ,          ,     ,    ,        .      ,     ,  ,    , ,       50  100  ,      .

        ,    ,       ,    .  ,   ,   2018   ,   ,   ,      ,                 .      ,        ,     ,        



 ,      ,               .       ()    ()     ,   .   2009-            .   2009-         Yale World Fellow        -     .   ,   2011        (),     .                     2011-.

 2013-         .        2018-,  -          2%    63%   .  2020-      ,   .

 2017          80   (1,5  ).  2019 ,       ,     .      ,              ,  -  (          ,         ).

       ,       2020- ,       -                .      ,       ,                  ,      ,  15%    2021      .

    2020-,   ,        !        .         ,      ,   .     , ,  .   ,          ,      .

      ,           ,        ,            .           (         ).   ,     ,                ,              .



     2021-,    ,    ,      .          ,     ,        ,         .      ,              ,              ,              .

  2021        Ryanair 4974:  ,   ,     ,     ,      ,   .

,    2020   ,          ,   ,    ,   .       ,      ,       ,        , ,     .

    Ryanair                 .     ,            ,      .      ,        ,     ,    ,         ,      ,      ,        [9 - .: Jacques Baud, op.cit.].        ,   ,         .  ,     2022-      ,      ,         .

2021- ,      ,            ,            -  ,     .            ,    ,      ,       ,    ,           ,    ,      ,    ,   ,    ,     .  ..       ,          -2,   ,  -   -    [10 -     24  2022 ,      10  ,            300  ]

 20212022       .                ,         .



    16  2021          .        ,           ,                          ,    1991            .                ,        2002  2019-.

           ,       1991- ,    ,           .

         ,  2004     ,    2008-     ,            .            ,    ,    !  25     -     .

        ,        :     1991  (      ,    );  1992   ,  1999        ( -       ,   );     2001-;    2003-  ( -     );      (    );         2011  2019-;  2015-       ,        .

    ,   ,  ,        8500  ,        - . ,      ,      ,   ,         ,     16    (500    ),         24      .

         ,            2014-,            ,       .         2012    ,            .          ,     2009   ,            ,             ,          .            .  2013 ,     ,      ,          .        ,    -.

             .  2014 ,   ,      .          ,            .        ,               . ,      .

   ,  ,    ,     ,  , ,  .      ,        ?          ,     ,    ,    ,      ,       ?   -         ?  ,      .  ,      ,     ,      ,              !



              ?       .            ,      ,       ,        .           .

             ,             ,       ,      .                    ,           ,        ,    .

 ,           ,      .             .      ,   ,       ,     .     .                         . ,        ,       ,      .     ,   ,    ,           .

  ,      ,          ,   ,            , ,   .     ,      ,          ,              , ,       .



     .          .       ,            :   ,    ,        .       ,      ,      ,     .

   , ,            .             ,  ,              .       ,          , , ,                (, ,  ,    !).

  ,    .         ,  ,     ,      ,      ,      .              , ,             ,      .

                 . ,        ,    ,    ,   .   ,      ,   .       :    ,     .        .         ,    ,             ,     .

 ,      ,   ,       ,           .



        ,                      [11 - .   Ann L. Clunan, The Social Construction of Russias Resurgence: Aspirations, Identity and Security Interests, Baltimore, The John Hopkins University Press, 2009. : Didier Chaudet, Florent Parmentier, Benoit Pelopides, LEmpire au miroir: stratgies de puissance aux Etats-Unis et en Russie, Geneve, Droz, 2007. .       .: Florent Parmentier, Andrei P. Tsygankov: Anti-Russian Lobby and American Foreign Policy, : Critique internationale, 3/2010, n 48.].   ,           .    ,      .  ,      ,    ,      -  .

    ,     . , -  ,   ,  ,   ,  ,    . ,           .

, , , , ,        .  , , ,     .            .    ,      ,          .

   ,         .         ,   ,            ,  ,     ,  ,      .   , -,     ,            .         ,             .        [12 -          .         : Heikki Luostarinen, Finnish Russophobia, the story of an Enemy Image, Journal of Peace Research, 26/2, Sage Publications, Oslo, 1989.]!

     ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,   . .  ,  ,           [13 -      , , ,      . .: Scapegoating Strangers: Contemporary politics of fear and hypopsia in Europa, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, April 2015.       .].    :    ,  ո,     ,       .      ,     ,   ,      ,        Consortium News  The Grayzone.

,    ,  ,   1998         ,         .  ,     ,     ,             -   .                 ,  1993  1996-,     ,         .

,     -, ,    ,          ,   ,   ,    ,     ,        , ,   .



             2014 .

          ,     ,    ,  ,    ,             ,     .  1980-                 [14 -    (      )    ,   1966 ,          . . .].     ,         .       .         ,      , ,      ,     .        ,    ,      ,   ,           ,  .   ,    ,    ,    ,      ,       .

        !       .     ,              ?    ,    ,    .           .            .   ,           .   :    ,      .

    .

  , 19  1985 ,        .    ,      ,          ,      ,       1983 ,        .  ,       ,    ,  ,                 .      29 ,        .          .   ,       ,    .

 ,                   ,   .    ,  ,  .   ,            ,      ,     . -,           -   ?  -,             ,   , ,     ,             .          ,  .

 ,       ,     ,     .  ,         .    ,    :        ,      .         ,  1991 ,    ,           ,        .   ,        ,         ,       .     ,        .

    .


   

      ,   1993 ,       ,           .            .                      ,         .         ,         ,    ,   ,     .      ,                 .

,  1993-              .                   .  ,           .   1993-      ,  ,  ,     ,        ,          .

 ,      ,        ,    ,        .              ,     -.   ,      ,      ,      .      ,          ,   1970          .

         (FORPRONU)[15 -  (     )          ,   19921995 .]   . ,    ,       ,   ,       ,        .  , ,    ,       .     ,     , ,         .    ,     ,     ;         ,        ,     .

    .

    .  1994 ,    ,     ,  ,      .     ,   ,        ,  180   .      .       ,  .        .  ,  ,   ,    .       .     ,         ,        ,   .    ,   ,            ,          .

   .

     ,                .     ,  ,  ,           .      ,       ,       ,     .


, ,    

 90-     ,        .       , ,       .     ,     .       ,     ,      ,       .

    ,    .        .               ,   ,           ,     ,       ,     .            -               ,       .

 , ,         ,     .  ,   ,     ,    ,       :     .   ,       ,     ,                 :   .     ,   .    .

   ,   .    1993-,    ,     , ,      .                  ,        .          ,        .  ,      -  -     ,     .  ,       ,     ,                   ,               (       , , ,       ).

 ,          ,   ,         . ,   2014-    ,    ,      ,       ,  .   ,    ,        ,         .

    ,        ,         , ,     ,  ,         .    ,       .

,                ,   -   .        ,      ,     ,     .

       ,           .            ,  ,    ,       .           .          .

    ,  ,     , ,     ,       ,    ,      . ,     ,                  ,    25            ,       ,  .           ,     .

  ,         ,     ,     .             .            ,          ,     .   2016     .           ,      ,          .    ,   ,          .      ,        ,   ,    ,   ,    .

   ,   ,    ,     ,   ,    ,      ,    .     ,  , , ,          .        ,     . ,       .

     .      ,       .      .           ,     ,    ,        .     ,             ,     ,   .

    , ,    ,    ,   ,    .             ,   ,       .                   , , ,      .        ,     (,     ,  !).

       : -,    ,        . -     ,  ,     ,   ,         .     (  )        ,     -   ,      .

 ,    ,       ,         . ,     ,     ,    .   , ,   ,      .   ,    ,       ,         ,   -  ,   ,  ,    .         .          ,     .

      ,    ,     .  ,      ,  ,      ,     .    ,     ,   ,      ,    .                    .

,    ,       ,       ,      .  ,      ,      ,     ,     , -,             .

,   ,       ,   ,   :    ,    ,        ,     .    ,        .  ,     ,  ,       .         .      ,      :  ,               [16 - .   : Anne L. Clunan, The social Construction of Russias Resurgence: Aspirations, Identity and Security Interests. Baltimor, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. .: Didier Chaudet, Florent Parmentier, Beno?t Plopidas, Lempire au miroir: stratgies de puissance aux Etats-Unis et en Russie. Gen?ve, Droz, 2007..     (Florent Parmentier)    : Andre? P. Tsygankov: Anti-Russian Lobby and American Foreign Policy. Critique internationale, 03.2010, 48.].

 ,   ,   ,          ,   ,        .      ,               ,   .  ,        (    ),   ,  ,      ,  ,    ,  .        ,      ,      . (        !)

 , ,    - ,  ,    , ,       .   ,     ,     .   ,      ,   ,        .   ,              ,   , ,  .         .

    ,       .    ,    ,           .    ,    ,  ,   ,    .     ,       .   - ,      ,   ,  -  ,             .

  ,   ,  ,   ,       .   ,    ,     ,      ,      .  , ,  ,      .     ,        ,    ,                .

   ,     ,        ,  ,       ,        .           .        ,       ,   ,   ,     ,     .

    ,       .  ,      ,   ,                .     ,       .         ,            .          ,          ,      ,      .    [17 -          .       ,   : Heikki Luostarinen, Finnish Russophobia: The Story of an Enemy Image. Journal of Peace Research, 26.02. Oslo, Sage Publication, 1989.].

          :   ,    ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     ,         [18 -     , , ,       . . Scapegoating Strangers: Contemporary politics of fear and hypopsia in Europe, School of Social and Political Science. University of Edinburg, 04.2015.        .].            ,  ո,                 .  ,      ,     ,     ,        .

 ,        , , ,     ,    ,      ,           .      64  , 6     19 ,   2015 [19 -         www.rsf.org.].    ,           ,        .




 I

 





 I

,     


      ?   ,    .

 

  -  ,       ?

 .   . Russian Universe Blog[20 - Sergey Armeyskov, Russophobia. The discret charm of Cultural racism & the legacy of hate, blog Russian Universe. Understanding Russia with native Russian speaker.]

   ?     ?     , , ,   ,          .           .

         ,                  ,     ,   .

        :    ,      ,      ,        ,      , , ,      .

 :        .    ,   -     ,  ,       ,       . ,    2022             ,   :        .

    ,    ,   14 000 ,             ,  ,              .    ,         ,          ,                       .   I   II,    ,      ,  ,                ,   .

       .  ,    : ,   ,    .        .

 :   ,   .      2014   -   ,     ,            ,       .        ,    21 ,   22 ,   ,          ,   -    ,      ,          (      ),                 .     ,  ,              ,       2014-,   2022-.

 ,                        2014        .          ?   :      ,                   ,     spin doctors ()    ,   wording-  .        ,                     ,         ?   ,  21  2021 ,     ,      ,          ,    ?

      ,   ,      ,            2014 ,         ,   ,       .

        ,           .    , ,  ,   ,   ,     ,   .       ,    .

     .      .          .



         ,       :    ?    ,  ,    .  .   ,              . , ,    ,     .

 ,      .  ,    ,   .      ,     ,     .  ,          ,    :     ,   . ,   ,   .

      ,  ,       ,       ,   , ,    ?    ,  .      ,     ,                   ,          .

          ,    .

  ?   ,       ?   ,       ,        , ,  .    ,           [21 -              : Edward Said, LOrientalisme. LOrient cr par lOccident. Paris, Seuil, 1980.].

  ,  ,    ,   ,     ,     ,    ,           . ,        ,   .  ,   ,   ,   ?




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/gi-mettan/zapad-rossiya-tysyacheletnyaya-voyna-istoriya-rusofobii-ot-karla/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


. .2.




2


   ,             . folie, . , , , . . .




3


.           . ,    ,        ,  .. , ,             ,     .




4


 2012    .  ,     ,     2021 .      .




5


   21  2017    ,       ,       ( ,       -  :   ). :     ,               .      ,          . .: La France sengage ? accueillir des Casques blancs vacus de Syrie, Francinfo, 23  2018.




6


     ,          ,       . .: Klaus Klarenberg, Network of UK Intel-Linked Operative Helped Sell Every Alleged Syrian Chemicfl Weapons Attack, Consortium News, August 10, 2021,  Aaron Mat, OPCW Excs Praised Whistleblower & Criticized Syria Cover-Up, Leaks Reveal, The Grayzone, December 9, 2020.




7


.:              ,  , Le Monde, 13  2022.   ,    Human Rights Watch ,  46%        .     6786 ,    ,    27         (. :     , Human Rights Watch, 16  2015).     




8


Alex Gylden Ce Russiagate qui fait pshitt LExpress, 18  2021.         (  , ,    )          Jacques Baud. Gouverner par les fake news. Conflits internationaux: 30 ans dintox utilises par les pays occidentaux, Max Milo, 2020. LAffaire Navalny. Le complotisme au service de la politique trang?re, Max Milo,2021.              2021 : Le dtournement du vol Ryanair FR4978.    , Sigest, 2021.




9


.: Jacques Baud, op.cit.




10


    24  2022 ,      10  ,            300  




11


.   Ann L. Clunan, The Social Construction of Russias Resurgence: Aspirations, Identity and Security Interests, Baltimore, The John Hopkins University Press, 2009. : Didier Chaudet, Florent Parmentier, Benoit Pelopides, LEmpire au miroir: stratgies de puissance aux Etats-Unis et en Russie, Geneve, Droz, 2007. .       .: Florent Parmentier, Andrei P. Tsygankov: Anti-Russian Lobby and American Foreign Policy, : Critique internationale, 3/2010, n 48.




12


         .         : Heikki Luostarinen, Finnish Russophobia, the story of an Enemy Image, Journal of Peace Research, 26/2, Sage Publications, Oslo, 1989.




13


     , , ,      . .: Scapegoating Strangers: Contemporary politics of fear and hypopsia in Europa, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, April 2015.       .




14


   (      )    ,   1966 ,          . . .




15


 (     )          ,   19921995 .




16


.   : Anne L. Clunan, The social Construction of Russias Resurgence: Aspirations, Identity and Security Interests. Baltimor, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.

 .: Didier Chaudet, Florent Parmentier, Beno?t Plopidas, Lempire au miroir: stratgies de puissance aux Etats-Unis et en Russie. Gen?ve, Droz, 2007.

.     (Florent Parmentier)    : Andre? P. Tsygankov: Anti-Russian Lobby and American Foreign Policy. Critique internationale, 03.2010, 48.




17


         .       ,   : Heikki Luostarinen, Finnish Russophobia: The Story of an Enemy Image. Journal of Peace Research, 26.02. Oslo, Sage Publication, 1989.




18


    , , ,       . . Scapegoating Strangers: Contemporary politics of fear and hypopsia in Europe, School of Social and Political Science. University of Edinburg, 04.2015.        .




19


        www.rsf.org.




20


Sergey Armeyskov, Russophobia. The discret charm of Cultural racism & the legacy of hate, blog Russian Universe. Understanding Russia with native Russian speaker.




21


             : Edward Said, LOrientalisme. LOrient cr par lOccident. Paris, Seuil, 1980.


