     
 


 1495          黠  ,               .

         ,    :  43         - -    .           ,        .           ,            .   ,     ,          ,   ,      .

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Ross King

LEONARDO AND THE LAST SUPPER

Copyright  2012 by Ross King



     



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    .    -, 2016

 


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                ,  , -,                  .

Philadelphia Inquirer



      , ,    ,           ,      ,         軠         .

Kirkus Reviews


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 1

 


      :      .  ,    ,     .   ,  ,              .   -       ,   ,   ,   .     ,      .

 ,    1494     .   ,     ,       .[1 - Guicciardini. The History. P. 32.]  ,  -          .      .         VIII      ,         .      :    ,     , ,     ,    ,   .[2 - Ibid. P. 49.]       ,  ,  ,  ,         .

   VIII     ,    ,    ;       ,    . ,    ,    -   .  ,       (),     ,   ,       .        I,     ,    1481 ,       ,    .[3 - . : Cartwright. Beatrice. P. 314.] ,    .      II,   ,                .    .      , , ,   ,    .[4 - Commines. The Memoirs. P. 151.]  :      ,     ,     [5 - . : Cartwright. Beatrice. P. 223.] ,   .

        ,      VIII        (      ),      .       ,          .[6 - Commines. The Memoirs. P. 107108.]

                         .     ,   ,       ,   .                  .        - ,        :    1386 ,   ,   ,     .     ,    .    ,      ,      ,     ,    .[7 - Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 76.]

     .    ,           ,    .[8 - Welch. Patrons, Artists and Audiences. P. 46.]  ,    ,     : , ,   ,  ,   .       .    .   ;     .          -    -.

       .        .        ,  1478 ,    IV   .              ,         .       .   VIII       ,  ,    ,            .






   (. 14901520).  . :   . 14941495. , , .



            . , ,   1493  ,      ,   ,   ,            ,    .[9 - Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 77.]

            ,  .   ,      ,  ,    ,   ,         .      ,     .       .      ,  .  ,  ,   , ,   ,  .[10 - Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 255.    . :  .    ,   . ., 2008; Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 32.    . :  . .    . ., 1900. , . : Pedretti. Studies. P. 134.]  ,       . ,       ,       ,         ,             .[11 -  : Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 270;   : Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1030.]

       pictor et ingeniarius ducalis:    .[12 - Kemp. The Marvellous Works. P. 160.]       ,            ,   , ,    ,   .  , ,  ,       ,             .          ,       :      ,     ,   .          ,  ,   ,    .     :      ,    ,          .[13 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1018.]

    ,              ,         ,     ,   .   1482 ,     ,    -,   ,     .          ,           ,               .[14 - Ibid. Vol. 2. 1340; . :  , .  :  2. .; .: Academia, 1935. (:  .  .)]

        ,   ,            .    (         ),      1450 ,    .[15 - Machiavelli. The Art of War. P. 21; Machiavelli. The Prince. P. 1, 62.    . :  . .  . ., 2013.]        ,       ,      ;   ,     .     ,   :     .  ,     ;              .            (sforzare  )     ,    .

      .                   ,     .      1277 ,      1395-.   1447 ,    ,     ,        .    ,     ,                    1450       .     ,     ,       ,     . ,        ,  ,  ,  ,    1466 ,   .

     ,   .       ,    ,   1300      ,       .   ,    ,         .  ,   ,   .            .           ,       ,           .[16 - Machiavelli. Florentine Histories. P. 313.]        ,   .  1476       ;           ,         ,    ,     , :   .

      .  ,        ,      .             .           .         ,         .       1473            .      ,     , ,          .

       ,   .           ,    ( ),         .  1489     ,  ,  ,            .       .    ,        ,  .[17 - Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 44.]


* * *

  - ,       , , ,   [18 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1363.]    .     -  ,   ,  ,     .   ,   1482   ,  ,          :  ,       ,      , ,  .[19 - Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 30.]       .        ,    ,      ,       .

          ,      .[20 - .: Elam. Art and Diplomacy. P. 813820.] ,       ,  ,     ,  ,            ,       .

            .  1484      ,        .       ,  1484        ,      ,    .     ,    ,     .     ,     ,    .        ,  : ,      .[21 - Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 45.]

,           ,    .      , ,   ,      ,   .           ( )    .       ,       ,     .    :    ,  ,      .  ,  ,  ;    .[22 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1384.]

       ;          .            ,        , ,  -                .          ,        .  ,    .       ,    ,    ,      ,      .     ,         .        ,     .     :  ,   .[23 - Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 31.] ,      .   ,    :    .    :     .[24 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1190, 796.]

       , ,   ,    :        .       .       ,        ,   ,      .  1489         .      ,  :  , ,       ,        .[25 - Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 44.]






   (14521519).   . . 14851490.    ,  .



       .  1489     ,    ,  ,     .[26 - Ibid. P. 4546.]                 ,         , , ,    .         ,   ;      .      ,   ,   ,         .[27 - Ibid. P. 46.]

     , ,        ,  :          .   ,     : ,   ,   ,     .        ,  ,   ,   ,        .      ,   :    ,          ,          .[28 - Ibid. P. 5761.]

   ,       ,    :     .   1490   ,     ,       ,  -      :    ,   .[29 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 720; . :  .  . . 2. . 117.]               .

   .   1491 ,      ,           (    )     ,   .           ,   ,     .            .  ,             .           ,                   .[30 - Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 6263.]

  1493      (,   ,  )        ,     ,  ,  ,       .        ,      ,          .     ,       .[31 - Ibid. P. 7879.    (    ) ,        ,  ,  1493.    ,       .]

, ,  ,    ,    .              .  ,    ,  ,      . ,  ,      (   , ,  ),     .            ,          .  ,          .          .

     ,     .           ,   :       ,   cavallo ()   ollavac.[32 - Vinci. The Literary Works with a commentary. Vol. 1. P. 9.]   ,      :       ,     ,    ,     .[33 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 710, 711.] ,            ,   ,         , , ,    ,  ,        .[34 - Ibid. 714.] ,      :       .


* * *

 1493             .            ,    1494    ,  ,    I,    ,        .        ,     ,   ,   .       .

   1494                    VIII         .        ,  ,  ,  ,       .        ,     -.[35 - Commines. The Memoirs. P. 125.] ,   ,    ,     ,    .     ,     ,  ,     .[36 - . : Cartwright. Beatrice. P. 256.]        .  ,   ,   :     ,         ;      .[37 - Commines. The Memoirs. P. 133.]

           ,  ,       -  .            ,         ,    ,    ,         ,   ,     .     ,   1424     :     ,        .  1427          ;   .         ,     , , :   ,   ;        .[38 - Landucci. A Florentine Diary. P. 22.]






 .   VIII .  XV. , .



  ,     1494 ,       .         .      ,    ,    ,    .          ,     ,    (  ,   ,     ).[39 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1340; . :  .  . . 1. . 22.]      ,        .     ,       .                        ,        .      ,       .

   ,         ,           .      .    ,  ,          ,      (      ).    1494        VIII,  ,            . ,         ,      .

      ,         ,   ,     . ,             1472 .      ,   .    ,  .[40 - Machiavelli. Florentine Histories. P. 309.]  ,          ,  ,  ,   .    ,       ,     .               .  ,    ,   ,  .[41 - Cerretani. Storia fiorentina. P. 201.]


* * *

          ,       ,   ,   -     .    ,      ,    .          .     ,    ,       ,         ,      .  ,    ,       ,         .[42 - Bembo. History of Venice. P. 81.]  ,    ,   , ,      .      ,      ,           .         ,      .  ,       ,       ,    .[43 - Guicciardini. The History. P. 54.]

    ,    ,        .   ,        ,              ,           .            .      -           ,  . ,   ,    ,    ,   1402 ,         .    ,           .    ,     ,     ,   :    .[44 - . : Cartwright. Beatrice. P. 231.]            , ,           ? ,   .

       ,     .        ,   ,       .           , , ,       ,       .     ,  ,           ,       .[45 - Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 85.]       ,      .        ,              .[46 - Tuohy. Herculean Ferrara. P. 97.]        .


* * *

        .     ,    .         ,     .  ,       ,            ,  ,          ,       .       . ,   ,     ,   ,          ,         .          ,     ,             .

,       ,   ,   . ,       ,        ,  ,   .   ,     ,   -  .              .         - 煻      .       :



   .    ,

 ,   셻,

  , ,  ,  ,

      , 腻.


  ,        ,      ,        .      ,  ,   ,   ,       ,        :      , -       ;    ,   ,       ,    .   :        酻

       , .           , ,    ,            ,       .  ,   ,      ,    .[47 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1514.]

,  ,        ,      .        ,         .




 2

    


      ,         .    ,           .        ,    ,       . ,      ,      ,     ,         .        ,          ,   :   ,       .           :         ,          ,  ,    ,            .  , , ,                 ,        ,    .[48 - Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 31.]

  ,   ,        .     ,     ,         .  ,   ,   , ,   ,  .[49 - . : Shell, Sironi. Cecilia Gallerani. P. 48; Pedretti. Leonardo: Architect. P. 77.]  ,     ,     ,      (   )         ,        .[50 -     .: Nagel. Structural Indeterminacy. P. 1723.]

      ,        ,  ,  ,   ,    .      ,      ,     ,    : ,          ,      ,     ,  ,          .        ,    .

                   ,   ,      ,            ,    ,   ,    .[51 -  - ,               . .: Klapisch-Zuber. Women. P. 57. N. 45.]        . ,          ,    . ,    ,      .     ,   1490-   ,             .                   ,    :     ,   ,   .[52 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1346.]        .                    ;      ,       .         .                  ,         .

     - ,     .   ,        . ,     ,   ?         :    - ,     .     - .[53 - Ibid. 1365, 1366.  ,   , . : Nicholl. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 160.]


* * *

     1452 ,  ,      ,   (       )        .[54 - Giovio Paolo. The Life of Leonardo da Vinci // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 29.]             :    ,     , 15 ,  ,    .   .[55 - Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 3.            . : Nicholl. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 1819.]  , ,                   -,   .                  .      .[56 - Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 102, 87; Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 722.] ,           ,    .

 ,   ,  ,      (     ):   , ,     .          ,        .              non legittimo,     ,  ,    (     )        .                   ,       .

      . ,     .   ,  ,      ,  -.      ,      ,   ,  ;             (      ).          ,    ,    (, , )    .             ,   XV    ,        -,    ,    , / ,   .[57 - . : Origo. The Domestic Enemy. P. 321.  ,  -         .    .: Goldthwaite. The Economy. P. 377.   ,     , .: Cianchi. La madre di Leonardo.]

,      ,       ,     ,      1451            .    ,             .    ,   -,  ,   ,   ,    (   ),      .       , ,   ; , , , , -,        ,  -, ,     ,     .[58 - .: Moore. Leonardo da Vinci;     (Marta Falconi: www.msnbc.msn.com/id/ 15993133/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/experts-reconstruct-Ieonardo-fingerprint/#.TwGqXRzCcrg).]

     ,    ,     ,      ,   .    ,        ,      .  ,  ,   ,         .  ,  ,         .   ,             .    ,   ,      .        ,    ,        -,   .      ,   1480-    ,    , , ,  ,    ,      .[59 - Bramly. Leonardo. P. 242.]

         ,   .      ,                  .  ,     ,     .    , ,   1473 ,  .    ,   1476          ,               .              ,      .[60 - Ulivi. Per la genealogia. 2008.]

  ,    .   ,         .               ,          .           , , ,      .   XV        .    ,    ,             VII      .   1459    II   ,        ,        . ,            ,            .     ,   ,     ,       -  ? <> , ,     ,    .[61 - Piccolomini. Reject Aeneas, Accept Pius. P. 159160.]

,        , ,   ,       . ,      :      ,        ,      ,     ,          , ,      .

 ,   ,   ,       ,     - .      ,  ,    ,    bottegbuzza,        ,       bottega ().      ,     ,           . ,  ,     ,   Donadello.          ,    ,  ,     .         ,  ,     ,     ,  ,   .          ,  ,         Rudimenta grammatices. ,            amo, amas, amat,    ,  -    .

 ,     ,    ,    ,    ,    ,  . ,  ,  .         ,     ,      :     .   ,     ,    Trattato dAbaco      ,     ,  .     ,   ,        XV :      ,   ,   .    9   ,    10   ;  ,      ,     34 ;   .      ?[62 - Francesca. Trattato dAbaco. P. 51.        .: Witt. What Did Giovannino Read and Write? P. 83114; Black. Education and Society.]

     ,     , ,      , ,         ,    ,       .[63 - Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 255]        (   1511 ),      .     ,       ,       .            .

  ,        ,      .     uomo senza lettere    .   , ,        .           ,  ,  ,      .    ,   ,   ,  ,  . ,      ,   anticaglie  antiquarie.      Margharita   Marcherita.           (Avicenna)     Avinega.  (Venezia)     Vinegia.[64 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1421, 1525.] ,     ,                 .


* * *

          1464 ,     .   ,     ,     1469-    ,    .    .  1462        ,   1469-     (  ).   ,           ,  ,       .      ,     ,  , ,   .[65 - . : Bramly. Leonardo. P. 117.        .: Beck. Leonardos Rapport. P. 512.        .: Cecchi. New Light. P. 123.]       ,   1470        ,    , ,      .

,    ,  ,      ,   .         ,  ,   1402    .      ,   , ,     ,    ,   ,   ,            .         ,          ,   .      :   ,   .[66 - Baldassarri, Saiber, eds. Images of Quattrocentro Florence. P. 40, 73.     .: Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 12.]   ,     ,       ,   ,  , , ,    .

        ,     ,      - .   ,      ,          , , ,   ,    ,   .           , ,   ,       .[67 - Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 256;      .: Cecchi. New Light. P. 124.]       ,  , ,  ,      .           ,         . , ,   ,      ,          ,  , , , ,    .            ,       ?     , , ,  , ,   ,    ,        .

      ,  ,  - ;    ,          ,      .        .      ,        .[68 - . : Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 54.]     ,    ,   ,    .   ,   ,  :          (  ).  ,      ,             ,      (   绠    ).  ,   ,  ,     ,   ,    .[69 - Cruttwell. Verrocchio. P. 27.]

   ,      1460-          , ,        .      ,       ,  ,   1464 .             ,   .  ,        ,     .        ,   ,       ,        , ,         ,  .       ,         ,     -     . ,          ,       ,     .

       - .       ,     :       ,       .           ,         -  .  ,       ,   ,  ,   ,        ,   ,  -     .[70 - Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 258;  ,     ,   . .: Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 142.]  ,        ,     ,          ,      ,   .         ,  ,          .






   (14351488)     (14521519).  . . 1475. , .



          ,   ,        ,          .[71 -           1954.,        ;           . .: Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 51.   (. 54),      .]     .     ,      ,   ,      ,      .[72 - Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 32.]   ,     .      ,       .            rosa di zaffrone ( )  fior di pesco ( ).          ,     ,    ,          .     :    ,    ,   ,      .          ,   ,    ,      ,     , - ,    ,      .[73 -    .: Vinci. The Literary Works with a commentary. Vol. 1. P. 332.   XV. .: Baxandall. Painting. P. 1415; Frick. Dressing. P. 3.]

  ,             , , .          ,     .      ,   1473 ,      ,       ,  :        . ,       ,    ,   ,      ,    ,   .          :   ,   ,   ,  .    :    , 2  1473.    : Sono chonteno ( ). ,     ,    ,     ,          .[74 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1369.           .: Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 140.]






   (14521519).   . 1473. , , .

    



,   ,     .             .         ,   .              ,      ,     ,        -.[75 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1369; . :  .  . . 1. . 330.]  ,     ,    , ,    ,         .            ,    ;      ,            ,    ;        .[76 - Ibid. 987;  . . 335.]  ,   ,   :           ,    .


* * *

 1476 ,    ,       ,   ,    .     ,        ,  ,           , ,      .[77 - Cruttwell. Verrocchio. P. 37.] ,      , ,   ,     ?                 .  1476           .       (         ),    1480-  ,            .

           .         ,                 .      ,      ,   .[78 - Sacchetti. Il Trecento Novelle. P. 44.]            ,         ,      , ,  ,        , ,   ,   .      ,  ,    ,     ,     :    ,        .[79 - . : Bramly. Leonardo. P. 123.        . : King, ed. The Fantasia of Leonardo da Vinci. P. 47.]  ,           (        ),         .

, ,     ,      .   , ,   .  ,         ,    ,   ,  .    ,          .[80 - Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 30.]  ,      :      .  ,    , ,    ,      .[81 - Covi. Four New Documents. P. 97103.]

          ,  ,        ,             .   , , ,       ,      .         .   ,        ,        .

,    , ,   .   ,          ,  , ,   ,   ,      .          ,   , ,   ,       .  ,      ,  ,         .      1465  1467 ,  ,       .   ,         ,           (      ),        .


* * *

 ,  ,   ,      .             .  ,            ,      ,  ,  (   ,  -   )   .  ,   1540- ,  ,         ,             .[82 - Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 30.         .: Borgo, Sievers. The Medici Gardens. P. 237256; Elam. Lorenzo de Medicis Sculpture Garden. P. 4184.]

         ,         ( 1489     ).     ,    ,    ,        ,  , ,    .       ,   , ,          ,     .

    ,           ,  ,       .                 .   1478  ,   ,      -   (    ).      .        ,       .[83 - Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 1. 663.]   ,       ,      :           II.  ,   ,         -             .[84 - Roscoe. The Life of Lorenzo de Medici. P. 236.]              ,       .       ,  ,         .[85 - Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 258.]

            ,    ,   .      , ,   ,                    ,        .[86 -       .: Cecchi. New Light. P. 129.] ,   ,  ,     ,                 ,   ,     .

       1481             -  ,    .                -  . ,                  .  ,        ,       ;       ,  ,     ,    .            ,   ,     . ,            ,    .[87 -      .: Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 1314.]






   (14521519).  . 14811482. , .



,    , ,  .          ,     ;             . ,            .

      .  ,  ,  .           ,   .       .     (    ,    ),    ,     ,  . , ,          .     ,    .

           .                         .           .    ,   ,  ,         ,      ,        -.     , ,  ,     ,     , ,            .   ,  ,        ,  1480- ,   :         .[88 - Baldassarri, Saiber, eds. Images of Quattrocentro Florence. P. 209.]


* * *

      ,            . ,   ,             .      ,   ,         .

        ,      ,   1480 .       ,    ,    ,                  .            .           .           1470-   1480- ,              (  1476 )   (  1479-),     .               ,   - :   ,   1476  1478 ,   ,  -  .                        .[89 -           .: Feinberg. Sight Unseen. P. 2834.]




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notes








1


Guicciardini. The History. P. 32.




2


Ibid. P. 49.




3


. : Cartwright. Beatrice. P. 314.




4


Commines. The Memoirs. P. 151.




5


. : Cartwright. Beatrice. P. 223.




6


Commines. The Memoirs. P. 107108.




7


Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 76.




8


Welch. Patrons, Artists and Audiences. P. 46.




9


Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 77.




10


Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 255.    . :  .    ,   . ., 2008; Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 32.    . :  . .    . ., 1900. , . : Pedretti. Studies. P. 134.




11


 : Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 270;   : Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1030.




12


Kemp. The Marvellous Works. P. 160.




13


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1018.




14


Ibid. Vol. 2. 1340; . :  , .  :  2. .; .: Academia, 1935. (:  .  .)




15


Machiavelli. The Art of War. P. 21; Machiavelli. The Prince. P. 1, 62.    . :  . .  . ., 2013.




16


Machiavelli. Florentine Histories. P. 313.




17


Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 44.




18


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1363.




19


Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 30.




20


.: Elam. Art and Diplomacy. P. 813820.




21


Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 45.




22


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1384.




23


Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 31.




24


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1190, 796.




25


Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 44.




26


Ibid. P. 4546.




27


Ibid. P. 46.




28


Ibid. P. 5761.




29


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 720; . :  .  . . 2. . 117.




30


Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 6263.




31


Ibid. P. 7879.    (    ) ,        ,  ,  1493.    ,       .




32


Vinci. The Literary Works with a commentary. Vol. 1. P. 9.




33


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 710, 711.




34


Ibid. 714.




35


Commines. The Memoirs. P. 125.




36


. : Cartwright. Beatrice. P. 256.




37


Commines. The Memoirs. P. 133.




38


Landucci. A Florentine Diary. P. 22.




39


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1340; . :  .  . . 1. . 22.




40


Machiavelli. Florentine Histories. P. 309.




41


Cerretani. Storia fiorentina. P. 201.




42


Bembo. History of Venice. P. 81.




43


Guicciardini. The History. P. 54.




44


. : Cartwright. Beatrice. P. 231.




45


Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 85.




46


Tuohy. Herculean Ferrara. P. 97.




47


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1514.




48


Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 31.




49


. : Shell, Sironi. Cecilia Gallerani. P. 48; Pedretti. Leonardo: Architect. P. 77.




50


    .: Nagel. Structural Indeterminacy. P. 1723.




51


 - ,               . .: Klapisch-Zuber. Women. P. 57. N. 45.




52


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1346.




53


Ibid. 1365, 1366.  ,   , . : Nicholl. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 160.




54


Giovio Paolo. The Life of Leonardo da Vinci // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 29.




55


Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 3.            . : Nicholl. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 1819.




56


Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 102, 87; Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 722.




57


. : Origo. The Domestic Enemy. P. 321.  ,  -         .    .: Goldthwaite. The Economy. P. 377.   ,     , .: Cianchi. La madre di Leonardo.




58


.: Moore. Leonardo da Vinci;     (Marta Falconi: www.msnbc.msn.com/id/ 15993133/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/experts-reconstruct-Ieonardo-fingerprint/#.TwGqXRzCcrg).




59


Bramly. Leonardo. P. 242.




60


Ulivi. Per la genealogia. 2008.




61


Piccolomini. Reject Aeneas, Accept Pius. P. 159160.




62


Francesca. Trattato dAbaco. P. 51.        .: Witt. What Did Giovannino Read and Write? P. 83114; Black. Education and Society.




63


Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 255




64


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1421, 1525.




65


. : Bramly. Leonardo. P. 117.        .: Beck. Leonardos Rapport. P. 512.        .: Cecchi. New Light. P. 123.




66


Baldassarri, Saiber, eds. Images of Quattrocentro Florence. P. 40, 73.     .: Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 12.




67


Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 256;      .: Cecchi. New Light. P. 124.




68


. : Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 54.




69


Cruttwell. Verrocchio. P. 27.




70


Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 258;  ,     ,   . .: Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 142.




71


          1954.,        ;           . .: Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 51.   (. 54),      .




72


Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 32.




73


   .: Vinci. The Literary Works with a commentary. Vol. 1. P. 332.   XV. .: Baxandall. Painting. P. 1415; Frick. Dressing. P. 3.




74


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1369.           .: Brown. Origins of a Genius. P. 140.




75


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 2. 1369; . :  .  . . 1. . 330.




76


Ibid. 987;  . . 335.




77


Cruttwell. Verrocchio. P. 37.




78


Sacchetti. Il Trecento Novelle. P. 44.




79


. : Bramly. Leonardo. P. 123.        . : King, ed. The Fantasia of Leonardo da Vinci. P. 47.




80


Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 30.




81


Covi. Four New Documents. P. 97103.




82


Leonardo da Vinci by the Anonimo Gaddiano // Goldscheider. Leonardo da Vinci. P. 30.         .: Borgo, Sievers. The Medici Gardens. P. 237256; Elam. Lorenzo de Medicis Sculpture Garden. P. 4184.




83


Vinci. The Literary Works. Vol. 1. 663.




84


Roscoe. The Life of Lorenzo de Medici. P. 236.




85


Vasari. Lives of the Artists. Vol. 1. P. 258.




86


      .: Cecchi. New Light. P. 129.




87


     .: Villata, ed. Documenti. P. 1314.




88


Baldassarri, Saiber, eds. Images of Quattrocentro Florence. P. 209.




89


          .: Feinberg. Sight Unseen. P. 2834.


