 ,   .       
 


 ,    (the silo efect),  -    .   ,                    .             ,  .   . . -  Financial Times                ,   ,      .   ,        ,              -.      ,         ,           .





 

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    ,  , 2017


* * *




 


       -  2008 .      ,      . -             ?             ,   ,   ? ,     [1 -   (. Daniel Kahneman, . 1934) - ,         ,                     .      (2002).        2011         (Thinking Fast and Slow)    :  .    . .: , 2014.   ,     ,  .],     ?[2 - Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2013).]

      20072008 ,        Financial Times   -.    ,         .     .   2008              ,    .       ,          .         -     .          ,  ,      ,      .     .   ,   .

, ,  ,               (Fools Gold[3 - Gillian Tett, Fools Gold: The Inside Story of J. P. Morgan and How Wall Street Greed Corrupted Its Bold Dream and Created a Financial Catastrophe (New York: Free Press, 2010).]),    ,        :           ,         .  ,    ,           ,        ,   . ,  -      . ,     2008 ,     ,         ,      ,    ,        - , ,  ,  .       ,       -               ,          .       ,   - ,    .            ,       -            ,          . , ,   ,          ,  ,    .                    .

  .       2008    ,   () ,      ,     . ,  -           .  2010 ,     -     Financial Times,           ࠖ        .        ,  B P, Microsoft,    General Motors,        .           .   ,   ,   ,                .     .             ,        .

      ࠖ      ,    ,      .      ,        ࠖ  , ,    .

           .        ,              ,   -   ,      UBS,    Facebook    Sony, - - Blue Mountain Capital    .      ,       .  , ,         ࠖ  ,   .

     ,  .      1993        () [4 -         ,  蠖  ,       ,     ,       ,    ,       .         ,             ,  . . .]  .              ,       .         1989  1991 ,          ,             ,   [5 - Gillian Tett, Ambiguous Alliances; Marriage and Identity in a Muslim Village in Soviet Tajikistan (PhD diss., Cambridge University, 1996). . : Gillian Tett, Guardians of the Faith, Gender and Religion in an (Ex) Soviet Tajik Village, Muslim Womens Choices; Religious Belief and Social Reality Reality, C. F. El, El-Solh and J. Mabro, eds. (Providence, RI), p. Th 12851.].

   ,   ,         .   -           ,    ,        .      ⠖            ?          - :         ,     .

  ,   ,     ࠖ        ,          ,   2008 . -         ,       .               .         .  ,                   -  - .          ,     -   .  蠖   ,          .          , ,      .  ,  ,        ,  ,   ,   , , .   .




.    


      ,  ,    .

 .    [6 - Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2013).]


  25  2011   ,   -,   [7 - New York Senate fles, Jefrey Threy D. Klein, A Survey of Bank Owned Properties in New York City, July 2011.].      2321  -   .           .         ,           [8 - Bronx House Fire Kills Boy, 12, and His Parents, New York Times, April 25, 2011.].               ,       .            ,       [9 - 3Killed in Monday Morning Bronx Fire, CBS New York, April 25, 2011.].

        ,  -       ,       -.  2321  -               [10 - Klein, A Survey of Bank Owned Properties in New York City.].

        ,     .         ,      [11 - Barry Paddock, John Lauinger and Corky Siemaszko, Drug Dealers in First Floor of Illegal Bronx Apt. Building Barred City Inspectors, New York Daily News, April 27, 2011.].  , ,    [12 - Out of Control, Out of Sight, Citizens Housing Planning Council Report, May 2, 2011.].    2321  -                     [13 - Klein, A Survey of Bank Owned Properties in New York City.].  ,  ,      ,  ,  , ,         . ࠖ     .        ,     - 2321      ,         .  ,    ,    ,      .   , ,   :    :    .          [14 - Barry Paddock, John Lauinger, and Corky Siemanzko, No Way Out for Tragic Family, New York Daily News, April 27, 2011.].    ,        .      ,       ,        .             [15 -    (. Michael Rubens Bloomberg, . 1942) ,    -  Bloomberg.    1  2002   31  2013 ࠖ  . - (108-  ).    2016            Forbes    44,7 .]   ,   -    . ,   , .     -    ,           :     2011       2700    [16 -    -,  .]  85  [17 - -  -, Bloomberg and Fire Commissioner Cassano Announce 2012 Sets All-Time Record for Fewest Fire Fatalities in New York City History, January 2, 2013.], ,  ,       ,       ,          .  ,   -            .       :         20 000     ,      [18 - Benjamin Lesser and Brian Kates, Hidden Deathtraps: After Flushing Fire and 200k Complaints, Divided Apartments Still Run Rampant, New York Daily News, November 14, 2009.].   -           頖     ,         .

        [19 -     -   .].            .    ,   -    ,        13% .

    ,        ,     ,         .       ,        ,       .                   150 000 [20 - Top 25 Employers in New York City in 2013, Crains New York Business, March 21, 2014.].   ,  -    ,    ,                      .            ࠖ   ,  .

      ,  ,   .      :       -     ,   ,            2001 ,  .    ,  ,    ,       .   ,     ,    2001      ,  ,          ,    ,      -   [21 - Paul Davidson, Compatible Radio Systems Would Cost Billions, USA Today, December 28, 2005.].              .

 ,       - ?     .            ?        -      ,   ,       ?    ,   ,       ,          ,    ,       -    Lockheed,       [22 -   1943        Lockheed   ,        (. Skunk works),   젖 -    -             ,  젖 -     .         ,  軠   .].

                .      ,                .        ,     .

 ,       ,         .          .   ,   ,                 [23 - Big Data in the Big Apple, Slate, March 6, 2013.].         :      -       [24 -    (. James Joseph Gandolfni, 19612013)  ,        (1999)    ,    -     (. The Sopranos, HBO, 19992007).], ,    .



         ,     ,       .  , ,     ,     :       ,        ,                  .                  -          .

    ,            -       .   ,       ,  ,                .     -        .      .           ,                        (Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization,  JIEDDO).                     . ,          .  ,    ,   :           .   ,  , -,    JEIDDO      ,  -,       ,        . ,      ,     ,     . ,  ,     .     ,   , ,      .   ,   ,   :           .

 2009                  2008 . , ,       -      .      ,          ,     .      :    -     ,                 ,        .    ,      ,         ,  .  -ꠖ   ,      :   ,   ,  ,     !    , ,       ,   -    .               ,      .

      .          ,   ,      蠖   .          ,           . -,        ; 堖    .     - ,            [25 - .     Twitter (www.twitter.com (http://www.twitter.com/));             , 2010.].        ,    :         ,     .      ,   -  1812  ,    [26 - Michael M. Grynbaum, The Reporters of City Hall Return to Their Old Perch, New York Times, May 24, 2012.],  .                .   ,             -  堖   .         ,  -       .     ,  ,   [27 -   (. Robert K. Steel, . 1951)    .   2010    2014 ࠖ    -      .],  .     ,   .

            .  , ,          ,   ,     .         ,          ,    -.    -    ,       -    ,           .        -.

   ,  -ꠖ            .     廠  .        젖     .   -         ,  .  .   - 2500  ⠖ -, 2500!       .             ,       ,        .       ,   2010         -   .

 -                  2321  -  .        Craigslist.org           .   -        .         ,    ,  ,     [28 -   Code for America 2012,   ,  , 4 , 2012.].           ,        ,  ,    (   )     .

    ,    ,                   .    ,            .   ,       .           ,            ,     311,      .    :         ,      ,                 .         젖    .   ,    (  )           .       311   .

  -       ?            ?                   , , ,          ,        .

      .    -, ,   ,  ,     ,    .      ;  ,           ,            .       ,         ,           ,    .          ,     ,      ;           堖      .

       :    ,  ,          ,      ,   .    , ,   ,       ,  .       :        ,   ,  ?       ?   ,         .  ,    ,   ,   1938 ,   -      .      ,          ,        ,       [29 - Thor Olavsrud, How Big Data Saves Lives in New York City, CIO, October 25, 2012.].

,         . ,      .    -ꠖ      ,                   , ,  ,   .       ,  ,         ,    젖     젖          .   :        ,        ,     !     ,    .

        PLUTO[30 -  PLUTO .: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/bytes/applbyte.shtml (http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/bytes/applbyte.shtml)]     640 000  - ,    ,    ,      . -    -            ;      . , ,       (  !)        ,       .  ,         (  , 堖  )                     ,   1938 . ,              .    .  ,       ,         ,    ,       .  , ,       ,         311           .       ,    :  ;     ;  ;   ,      .

   ,   ,             ,        ,  ,     .      ,    ,  .  -      ,        .  .            13% .        70% [31 - Kenneth Cukier and Viktor Mayer-Schoenberger, The Rise of Big Data, Foreign Afairs, May 1, 2013. . : Cukier and Mayer-Schoenberger, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think (Eamon Dolan: Mariner, 2014).].     蠖              .

,    ?        .       .                  :         ?  ,       .                  ,    :     ,   !  ,       .  ,     : ,        ,     .    䠖   -       - (       - ).     ,        .          ,           -  .

      ,        .        .     -    ,  -      ,      (-     ),   14 000            ,    [32 -    , http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/06/predictive-data-analytics-big-data-nyc.html (http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/06/predictive-data-analytics-big-data-nyc.html)].                   .            ,  ,    .    ,             . ,        ,   ,        24%                  Medicaid[33 - Alex Howard, Predictive Data Analytics in Saving Lives and Taxpayer Dollars in New York City, Radar Online, June 26, 2012; Mayor Moves Against Drugs, Wall Street Journal, December 13, 2011.].     .

      ,      [34 -          ,          ( , ,  ,   ..).].  -  24 000 ,          .      -,   ,   !   ,    .   -       ,            .                .



        ,             .                             ,        .    ,        ,     ,      .           ,             ,  ,    ,   ,    ,            ,           .  ,             ,       : , ?!   25 000  !   . ,      :   ,      !       ,          !.

  ,       ,     ,       .            ,            ?             ? ,         ,    :   -     ,  ,    ,     ,                .  ,  蠖         .     ,     :   ,    ,         .   - .    .   ,     兠  -   : -      .   !




  


  -   . ,    , ,    XXI    .                    .      :   ;  ,        ;        ( ,   )  ,   .   ,         -    ,       .  ,    , ,      [35 -   (. Ian Goldin, . 1955)  ,    ,      -   ; 젖    (20012003)  - (20032006)  .],  :  -    ,           [36 - Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan, The Butterfy Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks and What to Do About It (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014).].  ,           [37 -     (. Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde,   [Lallouette], . 1956) -    (  2011 ); 堖     .],      ,        .         [38 - https://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2014/020314.htm (https://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2014/020314.htm)].

           ,   - .      ,  堖   ,   ,          ,      .     ,       ,       .        .     ,       ,     .

         :    ,  , , , ,   .        ,      silo.  silo      ?????  [39 -     (Oxford English Dictionary).].       :     [40 -  .] ,  silo     ,       [41 -  .].    XX                     . ,           ,      : , ,   ..,      (      ).  ,         to silo (,   ),   silo-ized (, ).       ,   silo       ,    ,     .      : ,   .      ,    .    .   蠖     .

           .    ,      ,                 (       - ).

,         ,      ,   .  :     ,        ,    .  ,   ,                .      ,  ,      ,    .        .     XVIII   [42 -   (. Adam Smith, 17231790)  , -;      .]    -   [43 - Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Part 1 (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1982) (from 1776 manuscript).].     .   150 000   -      ,     .           ,        -.        ,   , , .  ,    .

     .      ,   .     ,         ,               .          .     :     ,      ,     .



       .       2008 , ,   ,   -   ,           ,    .             ,    , ,         .       ?   .  2010  British Petroleum              .              .         ,      . British Petroleum   ,  ,       ;    -        .    ,            ,          .          [44 - .               Deepwater Horizon   ,       : Deep Water; the Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Ofshore Drilling. Report to the President, January 2011, http://www.gpo.gov (http://www.gpo.gov/); . : Peter Elkind and David Whitford with Doris Burke, BP: An Accident Waiting to Happen, Fortune, January 24, 2011, and Ed Crooks, US report spells out BP failures in Gulf, Financial Times, September 15, 2011.].  ,  ?

 2014   General Motors      ,        Chevrolet Cobalt  Pontiac G5,  :             ,       ,   ,     .   ,   -     2001 ,     ,               .             ,          ,    ,          -       . 堖 : -          ,      .  , General Motors         ,        -       - .    ,      British Petroleum      General Motors        ⠖         [45 - .   ,           GM: General Motors Company: Regarding Ignition Switch Recalls, May 29 2014, by // Anton R. Valukas, Jenner & Block LLC, http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1183508/g-m-internal-investigation-report.pdf (http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1183508/g-m-internal-investigation-report.pdf)].   -  -    ,        [46 -   (. Mary Teresa Barra,   [Makela], . 1961)      General Motors (  2014 ),            ,    .    ࠖ    .],      [47 - .      5  2014    , http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2014/Jun/06014-ignitionreport.html (http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2014/Jun/06014-ignitionreport.html)].

 ,             ,   2001     -[48 - -໠         ,        11  2001   -.], ,        (!)          [49 -          ,   11 ,  Management, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-911REPORT/pdf/GPO-911REPORT.pdf (http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-911REPORT/pdf/GPO-911REPORT.pdf)].        -           2008  2011  ,  ,   -          [50 - Denis Campbell, NHS Told to Abandon Delayed IT Project, The Guardian, September 21, 2011.].          2013   ,                       healthcare.gov.    ,         ,  ,                ,       ,  -   .           ,       .

     , ,         2009     ,     .    :                  ,     (,  ).       :  -    ,    ,         ,             .    ,  :      ,              ,         ,          .                  ,   -  堖 -        .   - ,       -   [51 -    (. Austan Dean Goolsbee, . 1969)  ,         .       (20102011).].           !     ,       .  .




   


   -    ,  ,   ,   ?     : , .

       ,     ,   ,      ,  ,   ,    .     .           ,       (   -,     )        .

 2   ,     Sony    ,        , -     .

  3       ,  UBS,       -  ,  -           ,        ,    ,       .

  4 ,        ,    ,        ,     ,      - ,      2008 .     ,           ,      ,       ,  ,   ,  .   ,     2008 ,    .

    ,                ,    .

  5        ,                     .

 6    Facebook  ,                     .         Sony,       ,   Facebook            ,      Sony   -  Microsoft.

  7 ,    ,   -,             ,     : -                .                     .     7    4 ( -),   ,  ,           :      ,        , ,      ,   ,         ,    .

  8          ,     - Blue Mountain Capital,    ,     ,    ,     - .        :    ࠖ   ;      . ,   Blue Mountain      UBS      ,  ,       ,      ,           . ,      .          .               ?

         .      ,              ,       .           ,           .   , ,                   ,   ,   -,     ,        . ,    ,     .           ,               .      ,       .      ,   .     ,   ,         .  .

   ?        -       .     ,   ,     ,   [52 -      ,      (    ) ,  ,   .].  ,      ,   ,       ,        . ,      ,  ,           :    ,     , / ,      .       -.

  ,               .        . ,   -    ,               ,      .               .      ,         ,    젖           ,       .  ,    ,     ,  ,    ,   .       -      , .         ,      .   ,      ,        ,                 .

 ,  ,             .   ,    :        ;  ,    ,  ,       .             . , ,         蠖  ,      , ,  :   (        ),   (   ),  - (   ),   (     )   [53 -   (. Margaret Mead, 19011978)   ,    (. Franz Boas, 18581942),      ,   . //  - (. Claude Lvi-Strauss, 19082009)   , , ,   ,   ,           ,   ,   . //   (. Cliford James Geertz, 19262006)    ,   ,          . [2]  - (. Stephen Hugh-Jones, . 1945)               ;        , - ,      ,   ,   .].             . ,                  ,      XXI . , ,      ,     ,      ,     -[54 -            1991      2002   .      ,   ,  44  200  .].           ;      ,    ,       [55 - Stephen Hugh-Jones, The Symbolic and the Real Cambridge University Lectures, Lent term 2005, http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/hugh_jones/abstract.htm (http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/hugh_jones/abstract.htm)].       ,     ,            .

        ,    ,              ,           .  1  ,             ,            [56 -   (. Pierre Bourdieu, 19302002)  , , ,    ,       ;        .].         ,      [2]. , ,                            .   ,               (                        2).           ,       ,          .          ( ?)   ,      ( -),   (UBS)   ( ) ,     (Sony).




 1.     





 1. 





     


         ,    .

 [57 - Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a theory of Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).]

    1959 .           - ,  ,   .        [58 -  (. jive)   ,    //   1940-.      .]   1950-.      ,        ,       [59 - Bourdieu, Pierre. The Bachelors Ball: The Crisis of Peasant Society in Baearn.]


[60 - Pierre Bourdieu, the Bachelors Ball: the Crisis of Peasant Society in B?earn (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008). Translated from Le bal des celibataires (Bourdieu: Edition de Sevil, 2002).].       ,     ,   .    ,    .

            ,   ,       ࠖ   .    ,   ,  ,  ,       .            [61 -   (19541962)            ,      .       ,      . . .].

       -.      ,            .        ,    . ,      ,    ,     .   ,    ,   ,     , ,      ,      . ,    ,           .        ,       .     ,   ,  ,      [62 -    : La dimension de la domination economique, Etudes Rurales 113114 (January-June 1989), p. 1536.   : Bourdieu, the Batchelors Ball, p. v1v11.].       ,  .     ,    .    !  .    -     .   .

    ?         ,     .  -      ,      ,   .  ,           ,  [],  :  !,     [  ][63 - Bourdieu, Pierre. Sketch for Self-Analysis.]


[64 - Pierre Bourdieu, Sketch for Self-Analysis (Boston: Polity, 2008), p. 63.],  .       ,     .       ,    蠖   ,    .

         .   XX       ,    ,  ,      ,  ,   ,   .    -  ,      ,          .

     :      ,  ,    ,      .           .  ,      ,    .

        .         ,     ,     .     ,   1950- ,  ,       ;        ,  ,   ,      .

       ,   ,             .         蠖  ,       ,    .        .   1950-     ,        ,        .  -       :        ,    .       .      ,         ,  , ,               ,             [65 -  .].

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   ,       .     ,     .    :       ,        ,       ,     . ,  ,       .

 1950-   [66 -    (. George Armitage Miller, 19202012)  .],     ,       .  ,  ,      ,     [67 - George A. Miller, The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information Psychological Review 63 (2) (1956), p. 8197.]      .  ,             (data points),       .    ,      .   ,       :      ,    ,     ,     .

,   ,      ,   ,        . ,      ,        . []         []  ,      ,  []     [68 -  .],  . ࠖ        ,    .

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    . ,     ,      [69 - Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2013).].             .                  ,        [70 -    (. Luc de Brabandere, . 1948)   cole Centrale // Paris,    The Boston Consulting Group.]   [71 -   (. Alan Iny)   The Boston Consulting Group.].         ,      쓻[72 -   .,  .    . .: , 2015.]


[73 - Luc de Brabandere and Alan Iny, Thinking in New Boxes: A New Paradigm for Business Creativity (New York: Random House, 2013).].

           .       . ,  ,   ,   ,     ,           .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/dzhillian-tett/proklyatie-effektivnosti-ili-sindrom-shahty-kak-preodolet-razobschennost-v-zhizni-i-biznese/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  (. Daniel Kahneman, . 1934) - ,         ,                     .      (2002).        2011         (Thinking Fast and Slow)    :  .    . .: , 2014.   ,     ,  .




2


Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2013).




3


Gillian Tett, Fools Gold: The Inside Story of J. P. Morgan and How Wall Street Greed Corrupted Its Bold Dream and Created a Financial Catastrophe (New York: Free Press, 2010).




4


        ,  蠖  ,       ,     ,       ,    ,       .         ,             ,  . . .




5


Gillian Tett, Ambiguous Alliances; Marriage and Identity in a Muslim Village in Soviet Tajikistan (PhD diss., Cambridge University, 1996). . : Gillian Tett, Guardians of the Faith, Gender and Religion in an (Ex) Soviet Tajik Village, Muslim Womens Choices; Religious Belief and Social Reality Reality, C. F. El, El-Solh and J. Mabro, eds. (Providence, RI), p. Th 12851.




6


Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2013).




7


New York Senate fles, Jefrey Threy D. Klein, A Survey of Bank Owned Properties in New York City, July 2011.




8


Bronx House Fire Kills Boy, 12, and His Parents, New York Times, April 25, 2011.




9


3Killed in Monday Morning Bronx Fire, CBS New York, April 25, 2011.




10


Klein, A Survey of Bank Owned Properties in New York City.




11


Barry Paddock, John Lauinger and Corky Siemaszko, Drug Dealers in First Floor of Illegal Bronx Apt. Building Barred City Inspectors, New York Daily News, April 27, 2011.




12


Out of Control, Out of Sight, Citizens Housing Planning Council Report, May 2, 2011.




13


Klein, A Survey of Bank Owned Properties in New York City.




14


Barry Paddock, John Lauinger, and Corky Siemanzko, No Way Out for Tragic Family, New York Daily News, April 27, 2011.




15


   (. Michael Rubens Bloomberg, . 1942) ,    -  Bloomberg.    1  2002   31  2013 ࠖ  . - (108-  ).    2016            Forbes    44,7 .




16


   -,  .




17


-  -, Bloomberg and Fire Commissioner Cassano Announce 2012 Sets All-Time Record for Fewest Fire Fatalities in New York City History, January 2, 2013.




18


Benjamin Lesser and Brian Kates, Hidden Deathtraps: After Flushing Fire and 200k Complaints, Divided Apartments Still Run Rampant, New York Daily News, November 14, 2009.




19


    -   .




20


Top 25 Employers in New York City in 2013, Crains New York Business, March 21, 2014.




21


Paul Davidson, Compatible Radio Systems Would Cost Billions, USA Today, December 28, 2005.




22


  1943        Lockheed   ,        (. Skunk works),   젖 -    -             ,  젖 -     .         ,  軠   .




23


Big Data in the Big Apple, Slate, March 6, 2013.




24


   (. James Joseph Gandolfni, 19612013)  ,        (1999)    ,    -     (. The Sopranos, HBO, 19992007).




25


.     Twitter (www.twitter.com (http://www.twitter.com/));             , 2010.




26


Michael M. Grynbaum, The Reporters of City Hall Return to Their Old Perch, New York Times, May 24, 2012.




27


  (. Robert K. Steel, . 1951)    .   2010    2014 ࠖ    -      .




28


  Code for America 2012,   ,  , 4 , 2012.




29


Thor Olavsrud, How Big Data Saves Lives in New York City, CIO, October 25, 2012.




30


 PLUTO .: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/bytes/applbyte.shtml (http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/bytes/applbyte.shtml)




31


Kenneth Cukier and Viktor Mayer-Schoenberger, The Rise of Big Data, Foreign Afairs, May 1, 2013. . : Cukier and Mayer-Schoenberger, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think (Eamon Dolan: Mariner, 2014).




32


   , http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/06/predictive-data-analytics-big-data-nyc.html (http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/06/predictive-data-analytics-big-data-nyc.html)




33


Alex Howard, Predictive Data Analytics in Saving Lives and Taxpayer Dollars in New York City, Radar Online, June 26, 2012; Mayor Moves Against Drugs, Wall Street Journal, December 13, 2011.




34


         ,          ( , ,  ,   ..).




35


  (. Ian Goldin, . 1955)  ,    ,      -   ; 젖    (20012003)  - (20032006)  .




36


Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan, The Butterfy Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks and What to Do About It (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014).




37


    (. Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde,   [Lallouette], . 1956) -    (  2011 ); 堖     .




38


https://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2014/020314.htm (https://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2014/020314.htm)




39


    (Oxford English Dictionary).




40


 .




41


 .




42


  (. Adam Smith, 17231790)  , -;      .




43


Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Part 1 (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1982) (from 1776 manuscript).




44


.               Deepwater Horizon   ,       : Deep Water; the Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Ofshore Drilling. Report to the President, January 2011, http://www.gpo.gov (http://www.gpo.gov/); . : Peter Elkind and David Whitford with Doris Burke, BP: An Accident Waiting to Happen, Fortune, January 24, 2011, and Ed Crooks, US report spells out BP failures in Gulf, Financial Times, September 15, 2011.




45


.   ,           GM: General Motors Company: Regarding Ignition Switch Recalls, May 29 2014, by // Anton R. Valukas, Jenner & Block LLC, http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1183508/g-m-internal-investigation-report.pdf (http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1183508/g-m-internal-investigation-report.pdf)




46


  (. Mary Teresa Barra,   [Makela], . 1961)      General Motors (  2014 ),            ,    .    ࠖ    .




47


.      5  2014    , http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2014/Jun/06014-ignitionreport.html (http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2014/Jun/06014-ignitionreport.html)




48


-໠         ,        11  2001   -.




49


         ,   11 ,  Management, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-911REPORT/pdf/GPO-911REPORT.pdf (http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-911REPORT/pdf/GPO-911REPORT.pdf)




50


Denis Campbell, NHS Told to Abandon Delayed IT Project, The Guardian, September 21, 2011.




51


   (. Austan Dean Goolsbee, . 1969)  ,         .       (20102011).




52


     ,      (    ) ,  ,   .




53


  (. Margaret Mead, 19011978)   ,    (. Franz Boas, 18581942),      ,   . //  - (. Claude Lvi-Strauss, 19082009)   , , ,   ,   ,           ,   ,   . //   (. Cliford James Geertz, 19262006)    ,   ,          . [2]  - (. Stephen Hugh-Jones, . 1945)               ;        , - ,      ,   ,   .




54


           1991      2002   .      ,   ,  44  200  .




55


Stephen Hugh-Jones, The Symbolic and the Real Cambridge University Lectures, Lent term 2005, http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/hugh_jones/abstract.htm (http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/hugh_jones/abstract.htm)




56


  (. Pierre Bourdieu, 19302002)  , , ,    ,       ;        .




57


Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a theory of Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).




58


 (. jive)   ,    //   1940-.      .




59


Bourdieu, Pierre. The Bachelors Ball: The Crisis of Peasant Society in Baearn.




60


Pierre Bourdieu, the Bachelors Ball: the Crisis of Peasant Society in B?earn (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008). Translated from Le bal des celibataires (Bourdieu: Edition de Sevil, 2002).




61


  (19541962)            ,      .       ,      . . .




62


   : La dimension de la domination economique, Etudes Rurales 113114 (January-June 1989), p. 1536.   : Bourdieu, the Batchelors Ball, p. v1v11.




63


Bourdieu, Pierre. Sketch for Self-Analysis.




64


Pierre Bourdieu, Sketch for Self-Analysis (Boston: Polity, 2008), p. 63.




65


 .




66


   (. George Armitage Miller, 19202012)  .




67


George A. Miller, The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information Psychological Review 63 (2) (1956), p. 8197.




68


 .




69


Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2013).




70


   (. Luc de Brabandere, . 1948)   cole Centrale // Paris,    The Boston Consulting Group.




71


  (. Alan Iny)   The Boston Consulting Group.




72


  .,  .    . .: , 2015.




73


Luc de Brabandere and Alan Iny, Thinking in New Boxes: A New Paradigm for Business Creativity (New York: Random House, 2013).


