 
 


      XX          ,       1968 .     ,      ,       ,   ,      ,      ,                 .





 

 



Hannah Arendt

On Violence



Published by special arrangement with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt



 1969, 1970 by Hannah Arendt

  , 2014


  







 


          ,     XX ,   ,   ,    ,     ,      .    , ,   , ,      ,       .        ,           ,               .                     .     ,    ,       ,         ,  [1 - Wheeler H. The Strategic Calculators // Calder N. Unless Peace Comes. New York: Viking, 1968. P. 109.];  ,        .     ,   ,          ,          ,        .  ,    -       ,  .

       (power),  (force)   (strength)     (   [2 - Engels F. Herrn Eugen Duhrings Umwalzung der Wissenschaft [1878]. Part II, ch. 3 [ . -:   ,     //  .,  .  :  50. ., 1961. . 20. .170178].]),   ,    ,      .         ,            ,     ,         .                ,  ,     ,       ,   .

       ,          ;  , ..   ,        ,    ,      ,            ;        , [] ,    ..      ,       -  .   ,  ,    ,      ,        ,   ,   ,     [3 -          1980-,    ,     ,   ,     ,    ,          (. : Calder N. Op. cit. P. 3).],          ,          .  ,        ,     ,   ,    ,  (    )     ,   [4 -     (Report from Iron Mountain. New York, 1967)     RAND Corporation     (think tanks);        , ,   ,    .            ,      ,           ,   ,  ,                ,  ,          .],    ,                .     ,  :       ?

 ,    ,       , ..     (rule),   , ..         (power)   . (       ,           ,          .   ,             1793            .                   ;    ,           ,     ,  , ,   ,                 .) ,       ultima ratio [ ],         ,       ,       ,          -    .     ,     [      ]        ,        -   .

         ,        -    .    ,    ,   ,   ,    .        ,       ,  , ,       .            : ,            ,      , ,    ,   ,        -,          .  ,    ,    ,     ,          ,     .  (    .    ,        ,      )                ,   ,        ,           ,       [5 - . : Chomsky N. American Power and the New Mandarines. New York: Pantheon Books, 1969; Goodwin R. Review of Thomas C. Schelling Arms and Influence (Yale, 1966) //The New Yorker. 1968. February 17.].

  ,  ,   (occurrences),       ;   ,      ,    .           , ..  ,   ,           ;  ,     ,    (accident)    ,            . ( , -     :

      .        .)   ,     (happenings)   (random events)    ,         ,      ;  , ,   ,        .        ,          ,    ,               ,     ,    ,           .

            ,       ,      ,        [6 - ,        ,     ,     .]. (           .)   ,             ;         ,   .  ,            ,    , ,   ()        ,      ,       . ,       - ,          .   ,      ,  ,     [7 - Engels F. Op. cit. Part II, ch.4 [ . . . .179189].],       ,   ,    ,    .         ,   ,       ,    ,    ,        ,        [8 - Wheeler H. The Strategic Calculators // Calder N. Op. cit. P. 107; Engels F. Op. cit.].

                 .       ,      -- .   ,   XIX     ,              ,   ,          ,   ,  ,         ,         .   ,   ,       ,       ,  ,    ,       ,        .     ,           (  ),     [9 - Sakharov A. D. Progress, Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom. New York, 1968. P. 36 [ . .   ,      //  . .   . ., 2006. . I. C. 7778].].

 ,  ,              [10 - Wheeler H. Op. cit.],     ,                    ,      [11 - Calder N. The New Weapons // Calder N. Op. cit. P. 239.]     -   -[12 - Thring M. W. Robots on the March // Ibid. P. 169.]           ,   ,  ,   ,  ,          ,   [13 - Dedijer V. The Poor Man's Power // Ibid. P. 29.].                ,           .       , ,                     .                (power)     ,      ,         .      ,     ,  ,      ,       .

          ,          ,    .            ,   ,   ,      . ,      ,       ;  ,          .      ,     ,        ,    ,       .                 ,              .    ,       , , ,     .

 (  ) ,             .  ,     ,       ,   ,      .  ,      ,    ,   ,        .    ,      ,   .    ,                  ,             [14 -       1847    : Barion J. Hegel und die marxistische Staatslehre. Bonn, 1963 [ .   //  .,  .  : B 50 T. M.,1955. T.4. C.331].].

,      .  ,            (,         ,        ),       ;         ,                      .            ,         . ,             ,        ,  ,   ,        , -     .  ,              ,    ,     ,   ,         .     ,    ,  ,       ;      . ,  ,     [15 -  ,        Sichselbstproduzieren []: Hegel G. W. F. Vorlesungen ?ber die Geschichte der Philosophie / Hrsg. von J. Hoffmeister. Leipzig, 1938. P. 114 [ . . .    . ., 1994. . 2. . 158].],    ,      ,          .      ,     ,  ,        (   ,  ,  ,     ,      )    ,   ,   , ,  []   ,    - [   ]   ,    ,     ,    ,       .                ,    .       [16 -  . .  ( , )               (1846) (     :    ,          ):       ,           (des Menschen),      ,  ; ,     ,        ,   ,                     (.  .: Marx ., Engels F. German Ideology / Ed. with an introduction by R. Pascal. New York, 1960. P. xv, 69 [ .,  .   //  .,  .  :  50. ., 1955. . 3. . 70]).   ,  , ,        .            ,          (  .: Marx ., Engels F. Gesamtausgabe. I. Abteilung. Berlin, 1932. Vol. 5. S. 59 ff.).].

  ,  ,                      [17 -         . .           (New York Review of Books. 1968. December 5)    (Aron R. La Rvolution Introuvable. Paris: Fayard, 1968).             (),        (),         ,       ,     ,        -    .      :    ,            (. 14).            ;   , , , :              ,     ,     ,    (Sartre J. P. Question de Mthode // Sartre J. P. Critique de la raison dialectique. Paris: Gallimard, i960. P. 17 [ . .  . ., 2008. . 12]),     . (,    ,     ,     .  ,          ,   .)            .     ,             ,            .       ,      .        .   , , ,    ,          , ,     ,            .   , , ,      , ..   .   ,    ,   ,   ,         ,     .  :          .    ,      ,      ,   ,     .      .       ,      -    ;              ,   .     : Laing R. D., Cooper D. G. Reason and Violence: A Decade of Sartre's Philosophy, 19501960. London: Tavistock publications, 1964. Pt. 3.    ,     :    ,    ,              .],     ,           ,     . (   (concept) ,      (concept) ;      .) ,       ,     ,          .

  lan []  , ,  ,         ;   ,     .            :            ,    [18 -                 ,      (Chomsky N. Op. cit. P. 368).],      ,       ,     .         ,      .      ,     ,       ,    ,       [].    ,      ,       ,     ,            (   ),    [19 - Fanon F. The Wretched of the Earth [1961]. New York: Grove Press, 1968.P. 61.     -       .          ,   .   ,            .       , ,     ,          (Ibid. P. 147).       .    Gewalt    Der Spiegel (1969. February 10  );     .   Mit dem Latein am Ende (Ibid. 1969. 2627).].

     , ,  ,   (  )  [20 -     .       , ,   .     - ,               ,     .           ,     ,      . (        ,          ,         ,    ,     ,  , ,  ,            ,    .)               ( -  -    )  ,    . ,  ,   1961   (Schelsky H. Der Mensch in der wissenschaftlichen Zivilisation. K?ln; Opladen, 1961)   ,             - , .. ,     .            .       .  ,         ,        :       ,     , ,      ,    , ..      ,    (Wolin Sh., Shaar J. Op. cit.).        : -    ,  ,    ,          (Glazer N. Student Power in Berkeley//The Public Interest (special issue The Universities). 1968. Fall),      ,    (    : The New Republic. 1968. June I), ,    :        ,        ,  ,    .              ,    ?        ,             XIX     XX ,            , , ,      , ,   ,      ,     ?],                 (  )  [21 -       ,     (  ).           ,     .           ,   ,      .  ,     ,      ,  .  ,       ,          .          ,  ,    ;         ,           ,      , ,   .].          :                 ,          ,                   .         ,     ,      .          ,    ,       ,            [22 -             .      ,     ,       .                 ,  ,   ,               .     , ,           .    ,           , 85% (  15 )          . .  : Wolin Sh., Schaar J. Berkeley: The Battle of People's Park // New York Review of Books. I969. June I9.].       [],   ,                   ,        , ,   ,       ,  ,     ,         [23 -     ,    ,       ,     ,        ,      ,       ,       .               ,  .         ,            ,         , ,    (       , , ,        [Spender S. Op cit. P. 165]).       ,        (      ),    ,    . (          ,     ,    ,       ,          ,       ,                ,     ,    [Wolin Sh., Shaar J. Op. cit.].)   ,        ,     ,        ,    . ,  ,   , ,                      :                   (Portmann A. Manipulation des Menschen als Schiksal und Bedrohung. Z?rich: Verlag Die Arche, 1969).              4  1969   ,        ,   , ,  ,    (Wald G. Op. cit.).],  ,   , ,         ,        ,     ,       [24 -      MIT; .: New York Times Magazine. 1969. May 18.]. (,   , ,    ,   ,       ,  [25 -     (  )    ,     ,         .  ,    ,        , ,   ,               ,                   .   ,       ,    ,               .         (Brzezinski Z. America in the Technotronic Age // Encounter. 1968. January)   ,     ,       .  ,          ,        . (.           : Chomsky N. Op. cit.)      ,     ,    ,       .    ,  ,  ,      ,    .     ,   ,   ,        .             (The New Republic. 1968. February 24). ,         ,        ,    .     ,        ,    ,             ,     (The Week in Review //New York Times. 1969. May 4). ,          ,    ,   ,         .  :      ,    ,     (          ,      ,  ,  ),        ,     .        (Spender S. Op. cit. P. 22).         ,       ,              .     ,   , ,    ,   ;   ,        ,       (  .   ).],   ,             ;     ,           ,       ,  ,     ,       [26 -               .].  ,    ,  ,  ,     ; ,       MIT,        [27 - Ibid.]            ;     ,        (  ) ,             .)  ,                   , ,  .

 ,        ,  ,   ,  ,   ,  ,  [  ]       . (,      ,      [28 - Spender S. The Year of the Young Rebels. New York, 1969. P. 179.].)        :         ?           ?        :  ,        ,     .    ,    ,      ,     [29 - New Yorker. 1969. March 22.]




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notes








1


Wheeler H. The Strategic Calculators // Calder N. Unless Peace Comes. New York: Viking, 1968. P. 109.




2


Engels F. Herrn Eugen Duhrings Umwalzung der Wissenschaft [1878]. Part II, ch. 3 [ . -:   ,     //  .,  .  :  50. ., 1961. . 20. .170178].




3


         1980-,    ,     ,   ,     ,    ,          (. : Calder N. Op. cit. P. 3).




4


    (Report from Iron Mountain. New York, 1967)     RAND Corporation     (think tanks);        , ,   ,    .            ,      ,           ,   ,  ,                ,  ,          .




5


. : Chomsky N. American Power and the New Mandarines. New York: Pantheon Books, 1969; Goodwin R. Review of Thomas C. Schelling Arms and Influence (Yale, 1966) //The New Yorker. 1968. February 17.




6


,        ,     ,     .




7


Engels F. Op. cit. Part II, ch.4 [ . . . .179189].




8


Wheeler H. The Strategic Calculators // Calder N. Op. cit. P. 107; Engels F. Op. cit.




9


Sakharov A. D. Progress, Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom. New York, 1968. P. 36 [ . .   ,      //  . .   . ., 2006. . I. C. 7778].




10


Wheeler H. Op. cit.




11


Calder N. The New Weapons // Calder N. Op. cit. P. 239.




12


Thring M. W. Robots on the March // Ibid. P. 169.




13


Dedijer V. The Poor Man's Power // Ibid. P. 29.




14


      1847    : Barion J. Hegel und die marxistische Staatslehre. Bonn, 1963 [ .   //  .,  .  : B 50 T. M.,1955. T.4. C.331].




15


 ,        Sichselbstproduzieren []: Hegel G. W. F. Vorlesungen ?ber die Geschichte der Philosophie / Hrsg. von J. Hoffmeister. Leipzig, 1938. P. 114 [ . . .    . ., 1994. . 2. . 158].




16


 . .  ( , )               (1846) (     :    ,          ):       ,           (des Menschen),      ,  ; ,     ,        ,   ,                     (.  .: Marx ., Engels F. German Ideology / Ed. with an introduction by R. Pascal. New York, 1960. P. xv, 69 [ .,  .   //  .,  .  :  50. ., 1955. . 3. . 70]).   ,  , ,        .            ,          (  .: Marx ., Engels F. Gesamtausgabe. I. Abteilung. Berlin, 1932. Vol. 5. S. 59 ff.).




17


        . .           (New York Review of Books. 1968. December 5)    (Aron R. La Rvolution Introuvable. Paris: Fayard, 1968).             (),        (),         ,       ,     ,        -    .      :    ,            (. 14).            ;   , , , :              ,     ,     ,    (Sartre J. P. Question de Mthode // Sartre J. P. Critique de la raison dialectique. Paris: Gallimard, i960. P. 17 [ . .  . ., 2008. . 12]),     . (,    ,     ,     .  ,          ,   .)

            .     ,             ,            .       ,      .        .   , , ,    ,          , ,     ,            .   , , ,      , ..   .   ,    ,   ,   ,         ,     .  :          .    ,      ,      ,   ,     .

      .       ,      -    ;              ,   .

     : Laing R. D., Cooper D. G. Reason and Violence: A Decade of Sartre's Philosophy, 19501960. London: Tavistock publications, 1964. Pt. 3.    ,     :    ,    ,              .




18


                ,      (Chomsky N. Op. cit. P. 368).




19


Fanon F. The Wretched of the Earth [1961]. New York: Grove Press, 1968.

P. 61.     -       .          ,   .   ,            .       , ,     ,          (Ibid. P. 147).

       .    Gewalt    Der Spiegel (1969. February 10  );     .   Mit dem Latein am Ende (Ibid. 1969. 2627).




20


    .       , ,   .     - ,               ,     .           ,     ,      . (        ,          ,         ,    ,     ,  , ,  ,            ,    .)               ( -  -    )  ,    .

 ,  ,   1961   (Schelsky H. Der Mensch in der wissenschaftlichen Zivilisation. K?ln; Opladen, 1961)   ,             - , .. ,     .            .       .  ,         ,        :       ,     , ,      ,    , ..      ,    (Wolin Sh., Shaar J. Op. cit.).

        : -    ,  ,    ,          (Glazer N. Student Power in Berkeley//The Public Interest (special issue The Universities). 1968. Fall),      ,    (    : The New Republic. 1968. June I), ,    :        ,        ,  ,    .              ,    ?        ,             XIX     XX ,            , , ,      , ,   ,      ,     ?




21


      ,     (  ).           ,     .           ,   ,      .  ,     ,      ,  .  ,       ,          .          ,  ,    ;         ,           ,      , ,   .




22


            .      ,     ,       .                 ,  ,   ,               .     , ,           .    ,           , 85% (  15 )          . .  : Wolin Sh., Schaar J. Berkeley: The Battle of People's Park // New York Review of Books. I969. June I9.




23


    ,    ,       ,     ,        ,      ,       ,       .               ,  .         ,            ,         , ,    (       , , ,        [Spender S. Op cit. P. 165]).       ,        (      ),    ,    . (          ,     ,    ,       ,          ,       ,                ,     ,    [Wolin Sh., Shaar J. Op. cit.].)   ,        ,     ,        ,    . ,  ,   , ,                      :                   (Portmann A. Manipulation des Menschen als Schiksal und Bedrohung. Z?rich: Verlag Die Arche, 1969).              4  1969   ,        ,   , ,  ,    (Wald G. Op. cit.).




24


     MIT; .: New York Times Magazine. 1969. May 18.




25


    (  )    ,     ,         .  ,    ,        , ,   ,               ,                   .   ,       ,    ,               .         (Brzezinski Z. America in the Technotronic Age // Encounter. 1968. January)   ,     ,       .  ,          ,        . (.           : Chomsky N. Op. cit.)      ,     ,    ,       .

    ,  ,  ,      ,    .     ,   ,   ,        .             (The New Republic. 1968. February 24). ,         ,        ,    .     ,        ,    ,             ,     (The Week in Review //New York Times. 1969. May 4). ,          ,    ,   ,         .

  :      ,    ,     (          ,      ,  ,  ),        ,     .        (Spender S. Op. cit. P. 22).         ,       ,              .     ,   , ,    ,   ;   ,        ,       (  .   ).




26


              .




27


Ibid.




28


Spender S. The Year of the Young Rebels. New York, 1969. P. 179.




29


New Yorker. 1969. March 22.


