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   ,  Journal of Applied Physiology,    .    ,  [4 - ,         ,      : Joyner M. Believe It: A Sub-2 Marathon Is Coming // Runnersworld.com (http://runnersworld.com/), 6 2017.].  1988           2:06:50.    1980-  ,         ,         (  )  ,       .             .      -.              .  : ,     .         ?             ,       ?  ,  -    ?

 .  1999      ,   2:06.          2:05;           2:04. ʠ2011,        Journal of Applied Physiology  [5 - Joyner M. etal. The Two-Hour Marathon: Who and When? // Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011. Vol. 110. P. 275277; 38        .]      :   ?,     .       (!)   ,    ,      .   2014,   ,       2:03,                   .

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   ,         .  ,   ,   ,                .        ,             ,  .      [13 - Lansing A. Endurance. NewYork: Basic Books, 1959.]         ,     1915.       ,              ?            ?      ?

    ,     :      ,     [14 -    ,  ,          : Baumeister R. etal. The Strength Model of Self-Control // Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2007. Vol. 16. 6.].    ,    (       4),     ,     .    ,     (, , ),    .       ,  ,     :    ,  ,   ,   ,     60,   ,   .

    ,   .  -    2015    [15 -  :       ,  -,  2010,        (Business Insider, June 4, 2015);  :       ,    (Associated Press, May 25, 2015);  : , ,      ,      (Sports Illustrated, June 12, 2015).] ࠖ      Golden State  堖 .         17860,        2000.  ,       ,    ,   ,   .      ,        ,    12,8   ,                 .        :  ,    ,            .     ,     .       ,    ,       .

       ,   ,      100 ,     [16 - Lee J. From the Archives: Maximal Speed and Deceleration (March 17, 2010); Usain Bolt 200 Meter Splits, Speed Reserve and Speed Endurance // SpeedEndurance.com (http://speedendurance.com/), August 21, 2009; Graubner R., Nixdorf E. Biomechanical Analysis of the Sprint and Hurdles Events at the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics // New Studies in Athletics. 2011. Vol. 1. 2.].     ,        5060,    ,    .               ?   :     (  ),  .  ,    9,58,   [17 -         ,       ;        20   ,   ,        .     ,  ,   ,     .]     2009,  20       ,   20,         .

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    [20 -   .  Dorotik-Nana C. The Four Minute Mile, the Two Hour Marathon, and the Danger of Glass Ceilings // PsychCentral.com (http://psychcentral.com/), May 5, 2017.     : Johnson R. The Myth of the Sub-2-Hour Marathon // LetsRun.com (http://letsrun.com/), May 6, 2013; Tucker R. The 2-Hour Marathon and the 4-Min Mile // Science of Sport, December 16, 2014.]                ,          .    ,              ,    ,        .  ,   ,     ,                 .    -  ,    . -,   ,               ,          .  1979             [21 -         (the National Union of Track Statisticians): http://nuts.org.uk/sub-4/sub4-dat.htm (http://nuts.org.uk/sub-4/sub4-dat.htm).],   .

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          ,     .  ( ),       ,        .    ,       .     ,     ,     ,     ,    .     ,  ,      ,      ,   [23 - Heald M. It Should Be Mathematical // Propeller, Summer 2012.].    ,          .    ,        ,       .

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   ,      8823..                  ,   ,     蠖 8217.   ,         ,      [26 -  ,       ( ),        . . .].    ,        ,    ,   19081909.            .   ,             (     ),      ,      .      .   9 .  ,    .   .      ,    .

              :   [27 -    BBC Newsnight  26 2016: http://youtube.com/watch?v=O3SMkxA08T8 (http://youtube.com/watch?v%3dO3SMkxA08T8).],  , ,    ,     .       ,       1909,       .           1320   .     ,     :   180  ,            Twin Otter.        1320   .  ,        ,      .

  ,    ?    .      3000   ,           .      ,      ,       230,     .   6000 10000    (      [28 - Noakes T. The Limits of Endurance Exercise // Basic Research in Cardiology. 2006. Vol. 101. P. 408417. . Noakes in Hypoxia and the Circulation / Ed. R. C. Roach etal. NewYork: Springer, 2007.]),    .           ,       19111912.     ,                .

       . , , ,       ,          .         .            ,   1907,          [29 - Fletcher W. M., Hopkins F. G. Lactic Acid in Amphibian Muscle // Journal of Physiology. 1907. Vol. 35. 4.],    ,      .          (,       [30 - Gladden L. B. Lactate Metabolism: A New Paradigm for the Third Millennium // Journal of Physiology. 2004. Vol. 558. 1.]   ,    ),          .  ,   ,     .



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 ..    ,  1807         ,    .  ,       [31 -        (, The History of Exercise Physiology, ed. Charles M. Tipton, 2014),     .       ,     ,  1808 (    F?rel?sningar i Djurkemien, . 176),      .             1846,    ,  1807-    (Jahresbericht ?ber die Fortschritte der Chemie und Mineralogie, 1848, . 586).         ,           . ,  ,     1842 Lehrbuch der physiologischen Chemie (Carl Lehmann)  . 285.  1859   -        .  ,      ,   ,        ,      ,   ,           ,      (  Journal f?r praktische Chemie, 1859, . 240;    1877 Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Muskel- und Nervenphysik      . 32).]     ,      ,      .    :    [32 -      ,    ,        1903.]    ,   .   ,      ,   ,           .        ,   ,   ,        .     (  ,     )     .

       ,  ,   ,       .      () [33 -          ,     J?rgensen B. S. More on Berzelius and the Vital Force // Journal of Chemical Education. 1965. Vol. 42. 7.], ,   ,           .      ,       (   ),      ,      .     ,  XIX,  ,       . , 1865           2400젖   [34 - Needham D. Machina Carnis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.],       .    ,         ,     .           ,        .

          -,    (     ,        [35 - Geddes L. Wearable Sweat Sensor Paves Way for Real-Time Analysis of Body Chemistry // Nature. January 27, 2016.  , ,        ,      .]   ,   ).             .  1808       (F?rel?sningar iDjurkemien)      :   ,      ,    ,               .        ,    堖      .

,           ,     .    1907,          .  , ,      ,      ,      ,      ,    .             ,     .   : 1900- ,  ,      [36 - Thorne C. Trinity Great Court Run: The Facts // Track Stats. 1989. Vol. 27. 3.      ,     ,  ,    ,        .]    -,       .        (,    ).

          .    :     -       ,   -      ,     .         ,    ,     -     .       ,      .               .

  :       ,  ,   :    ,  ,   .     :    ,      ,  ,    . -     ,     ,         .

    [37 - Hill L. Oxygen And Muscular Exercise as a Form of Treatment // British Medical Journal. 1908. Vol. 2. 2492.]       [38 -   (The London Hospital),      ,    ,        - . . . .]  ,   British Medical Journal.     , ,       .     1,2,   38. ,    [39 -      ,  ,    XIX. . .],           ,       ,      .

           ,      ,  -.          ,       ,      .     ,     ,  ,             . ,                ,      -  400    - .    -   [40 - Jabez Wolffe Dead: English Swimmer, 66 // NewYork Times, October 23, 1943.],  .

        ,   :    ?  XIX  ,          .              [41 - Clouson T. S. Female Education from a Medical Point of View // Popular Science Monthly, December 1883, p. 215.      Athletic Enhancement, Human Nature, and Ethics (NewYork: Springer, 2013), . 263.],       ,     ,      1883.        .         ,   .     ?   ,    (   [42 - Van der Kloot W. Mirrors and Smoke: A. V. Hill, His Brigands, and the Science of Anti-Aircraft Gunnery in World War I // Notes & Records of the Royal Society. 2011. 65. P. 393410.]     ..) 1920-      .

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max. (       (),    ,       ,   ,   .)         ,  ,        ,     ,    [44 - Hill A. V. Muscular Activity. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1925.].    ,       ,    .      ,       ,    1923,                1,5  .  ,               :   ,  ,         [45 -   1923   ,          84,5.  ,            , ,              ,       ;   : Archibald Vivian Hill. 26 September 1886 3 June 1977 // Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1978. Vol. 24. P. 71149.],      ,   ,     ,      .

,       ,            ( ,      400).            ,    .    ,     ,     - .       ,      [46 - Hill, Muscular Activity, p. 98.],       .  ,   -    ,        .      VO


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    .  젖 ,       ,   1926   Scientific American          (The Scientific Study of Athletics).     [48 - Hill A. V. The Physiological Basis of Athletic Records // Nature. 1925. October 10.  ,       , . Muscular Movement in Man (NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1927).              Are Athletes Machines? // Scientific American, August 1927.]  , ,  ,       100 (91,4) 100 (160,93).       ,     , -,   ,         .    ,      ,   ,       ⠖        .      ,   VO


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  ,  2009         ,     1480,    ,    136.      ,       .            ,               .     ,     200,          .       ꠖ       8.     ,        ,   ,  ,  .         1015  .

     ,     ,     ,        .      ,    ,    ,   ,   .        .          :  ,    ,    ,         [49 -   . 堖 ,    . . .].             .           . ,   ,  堖  ,   -   .

        :     ,            . -   ,      .       .       ,               (),  ,     (   )   .   ࠫ,   [50 - Hatfield S. This Is the Side of Antarctic Explorer Henry Worsley That the Media Shies Away From // Independent. 2016. January 31.],        .        ,                ,      .    ,     ,      .

  ,   2011,    ,             .        , 52 (     )  ;   14 1911.  ,        ,       ,       ,    34 .          ( , , ,       [51 - Evans E. South with Scott. London: Collins, 1921.],          VII.  ,  ,    .   ,    ).      ,      ,     .   ,        [52 - Halsey L., Stroud M. Could Scott Have Survived with Todays Physiological Knowledge? // Current Biology. 2011. Vol. 21. 12.]       ,        .      17    ,   ,           .

          ,   ,      .      .  2015  ,       :         ( )  .  1909     ,    , ,     ,       .      1,    28             ,        .      ,    ,          1911,        . ,  ,      .

     ,     ,              .             ,         1915   .       -  ,      ,      1300            !           ,    . ,     ,   ,         .         ,                 .           .      ,      . (     ,           .)

        .       .           ࠖ     ,    .   ,          ,           .  1909     ,     ,  ,  ,     .  1912          .    1770,    ,  ,  ,      .    [53 -            ,    : http://soundcloud.com/shackleton (http://soundcloud.com/shackleton) (    5).          http://shackletonsolo.org (http://shackletonsolo.org/).] 13     , 160   ,      .

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  ..       .  1924    ,           .   ,   ,       :  ,   ,     ,    ?      ,     ,   ,    :   ,  ,     ,   [54 - Hill, Muscular Movement in Man.],  ,   .        :   ,    .

           .   VO


max         [55 - .     Hill A. V., Long C. N. H., Lupton H. Muscular Exercise, Lactic Acid, and the Supply and Utilization of Oxygen // Proceedings of the Royal Society. 1924. Vol. B 96. P. 438475.],      .       ,           ?          . , 1927   [56 - C.Tipton, ed. History of Exercise Physiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2014.] ,             ,        .          -,          :       .

      [57 - Bassett D. Jr. Scientific Contributions of A. V. Hill: Exercise Physiology Pioneer // Journal of Applied Physiology. 2002. Vol. 93. 5.],       :         ,  ,      .          ,   Harvard Crimson 1930.    ,             ,        .          [58 -   (19081988)  -.   1911 1930      .        (41).          1924 . . . .]      , ,        ,   ,      .                       [59 - Wrynn A. The Athlete in the Making: The Scientific Study of American Athletic Performance, 19201932 // Sport in History. 2010. Vol. 30. 1.] ,     .   ⠖      ,          (1,6 3,2 )         [60 - Robinson S. etal. New Records in Human Power // Science. 1937. Vol. 85. 2208.]       .

                ?        .         ,               (  ),              .

               .        [61 -  The Power of Exercise and the Exercise of Power: The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory, Distance Running, and the Disappearance of Work, 19191947 // Journal of the History of Biology. 2015. Vol. 48. P. 391423.]




  .


   .

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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


,     , ,     Nike, 13,1       Twitter, Facebook  YouTube.  6,7        ,     ,    ,    .




2


         2:02:57    28 2014. 16 2018    ,   2:01:39. . . .




3


Modeling: Optimal Marathon Performance on the Basis of Physiological Factors // Journal of Applied Physiology. 1991. Vol. 70. 2.




4


,         ,      : Joyner M. Believe It: A Sub-2 Marathon Is Coming // Runnersworld.com (http://runnersworld.com/), 6 2017.




5


Joyner M. etal. The Two-Hour Marathon: Who and When? // Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011. Vol. 110. P. 275277; 38        .




6


What Will It Take to Run a 2-Hour Marathon? // Runners World,  2014.




7


  Forbes Fab 40      堖  Nike   15 .,        ESPN.




8


    ,      ;   ,      ,   1,609. . .




9


 ,   ,       (   ),  . . .




10


 ࠖ       ,       1930;       , 2002ࠖ    . . .




11


   (Coe S. Landy the Nearly Man // Telegraph, January 26, 2004)  nearly man    ,    .




12


  : Bascomb N. The Perfect Mile. London: CollinsWillow, 2004.    ,         .




13


Lansing A. Endurance. NewYork: Basic Books, 1959.




14


   ,  ,          : Baumeister R. etal. The Strength Model of Self-Control // Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2007. Vol. 16. 6.




15


 :       ,  -,  2010,        (Business Insider, June 4, 2015);  :       ,    (Associated Press, May 25, 2015);  : , ,      ,      (Sports Illustrated, June 12, 2015).




16


Lee J. From the Archives: Maximal Speed and Deceleration (March 17, 2010); Usain Bolt 200 Meter Splits, Speed Reserve and Speed Endurance // SpeedEndurance.com (http://speedendurance.com/), August 21, 2009; Graubner R., Nixdorf E. Biomechanical Analysis of the Sprint and Hurdles Events at the 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics // New Studies in Athletics. 2011. Vol. 1. 2.




17


        ,       ;        20   ,   ,        .     ,  ,   ,     .




18


Halperin I. etal. Pacing Strategies During Repeated Maximal Voluntary Contractions // European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2014. Vol. 114. 7.




19


  1954       ࠖ  , 1955     , 1956-젖  . . . .




20


  .  Dorotik-Nana C. The Four Minute Mile, the Two Hour Marathon, and the Danger of Glass Ceilings // PsychCentral.com (http://psychcentral.com/), May 5, 2017.     : Johnson R. The Myth of the Sub-2-Hour Marathon // LetsRun.com (http://letsrun.com/), May 6, 2013; Tucker R. The 2-Hour Marathon and the 4-Min Mile // Science of Sport, December 16, 2014.




21


        (the National Union of Track Statisticians): http://nuts.org.uk/sub-4/sub4-dat.htm (http://nuts.org.uk/sub-4/sub4-dat.htm).




22


http://youtube.com/watch?v=8dSLUVmK1Ik (http://youtube.com/watch?v%3d8dSLUVmK1Ik) (,    ;         ).




23


Heald M. It Should Be Mathematical // Propeller, Summer 2012.




24


   2009   1909       (In Shackletons Footsteps),    2011;      .




25


   180 (112),  156 (97),    (  )     ,   15%   .           ,    .




26


 ,       ( ),        . . .




27


   BBC Newsnight  26 2016: http://youtube.com/watch?v=O3SMkxA08T8 (http://youtube.com/watch?v%3dO3SMkxA08T8).




28


Noakes T. The Limits of Endurance Exercise // Basic Research in Cardiology. 2006. Vol. 101. P. 408417. . Noakes in Hypoxia and the Circulation / Ed. R. C. Roach etal. NewYork: Springer, 2007.




29


Fletcher W. M., Hopkins F. G. Lactic Acid in Amphibian Muscle // Journal of Physiology. 1907. Vol. 35. 4.




30


Gladden L. B. Lactate Metabolism: A New Paradigm for the Third Millennium // Journal of Physiology. 2004. Vol. 558. 1.




31


       (, The History of Exercise Physiology, ed. Charles M. Tipton, 2014),     .       ,     ,  1808 (    F?rel?sningar i Djurkemien, . 176),      .             1846,    ,  1807-    (Jahresbericht ?ber die Fortschritte der Chemie und Mineralogie, 1848, . 586).         ,           . ,  ,     1842 Lehrbuch der physiologischen Chemie (Carl Lehmann)  . 285.  1859   -        .  ,      ,   ,        ,      ,   ,           ,      (  Journal f?r praktische Chemie, 1859, . 240;    1877 Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Muskel- und Nervenphysik      . 32).




32


     ,    ,        1903.




33


         ,     J?rgensen B. S. More on Berzelius and the Vital Force // Journal of Chemical Education. 1965. Vol. 42. 7.




34


Needham D. Machina Carnis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.




35


Geddes L. Wearable Sweat Sensor Paves Way for Real-Time Analysis of Body Chemistry // Nature. January 27, 2016.  , ,        ,      .




36


Thorne C. Trinity Great Court Run: The Facts // Track Stats. 1989. Vol. 27. 3.      ,     ,  ,    ,        .




37


Hill L. Oxygen And Muscular Exercise as a Form of Treatment // British Medical Journal. 1908. Vol. 2. 2492.




38


  (The London Hospital),      ,    ,        - . . . .




39


     ,  ,    XIX. . .




40


Jabez Wolffe Dead: English Swimmer, 66 // NewYork Times, October 23, 1943.




41


Clouson T. S. Female Education from a Medical Point of View // Popular Science Monthly, December 1883, p. 215.      Athletic Enhancement, Human Nature, and Ethics (NewYork: Springer, 2013), . 263.




42


Van der Kloot W. Mirrors and Smoke: A. V. Hill, His Brigands, and the Science of Anti-Aircraft Gunnery in World War I // Notes & Records of the Royal Society. 2011. 65. P. 393410.




43


Hill A. V., Lupton H. Muscular Exercise, Lactic Acid, and the Supply and Utilization of Oxygen // Quarterly Journal of Medicine. 1923. Vol. 16. 62. ,    ,     ,     .




44


Hill A. V. Muscular Activity. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1925.




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