DeFi:   
 

 

 


"DeFi:   "      ,            (DeFi).         ,  DeFi      .       ,   DeFi,          .    (DEX),  ,            .   ,    DeFi    ,        .           ,        .





 

DeFi:   





 1:   DeFi





1.1:   DeFi?


DeFi ( . Decentralized Finance)       ,            .   DeFi   ,             ,   ,     .  , DeFi  -,          .

  DeFi :

1. : DeFi     ,  ,        .          -,      .

2. -:     DeFi  -.   ,    ,   . -     ,   , ,      ,      .

3. : DeFi          ,         .          ,   DeFi. ,   ,          DeFi .

4.   :            .        DeFi.  ,   DeFi   ,  ,  -      .

5. : DeFi              API (  ).             .

6. : DeFi      .      DeFi        , , ,    .

DeFi      ,       ,          . ,     , DeFi       ,    -,        .          DeFi .




1.2:   DeFi


  (DeFi)    ,            .             DeFi.

1.     :        90- ,    (Nick Szabo)   " "  ,       . ,           ,      .

     (Ethereum)  2015 ,    .            ,       .          :

  :   2015 ,    Ethereum   -    .    ,            .

   :   Ethereum,      ,      .        ,           .

DAO     :  2016     DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization)    ,    . DAO    ,        .  -      DAO  ,      ,           .

  DeFi:     ,     DeFi.        MakerDAO,   2017 . MakerDAO      DAI,     ,    ,   Ethereum.

  DeFi:    Ethereum     ,  DeFi    .   ,    , ,         .

          DeFi.      ,          ,     DeFi   .

2.    :   2010- ,   -  ,  ,      ,            .

   :    (DEX)    ,      -.          ,    .

  :             ,     .  ,      ,   ,     .

  :   Ethereum  2015        .       ,     .

  :      ,       .     "EtherDelta",   2016 .      ,    ERC-20 (Ethereum Request for Comments 20).

  :   DEX   ,         -   Ethereum.         ,     .

  DEX:  2017-2018     DEX,   0x, Kyber Network, Bancor  .     ,         ,      .

   :    ,  Binance Smart Chain, Solana, Polygon ( Matic),         .        .

 AMM (Automated Market Maker) :       DEX    AMM ,   Uniswap  SushiSwap.         ,         .

3. 2017 :  ICO  DeFi: 2017            .              ICO,     DeFi    .

 ICO:

  ICO:  2017   ICO (Initial Coin Offering)   . ICO                 .    ,   ,        .

  ICO:  2017   ICO  .          .      -,      ,        .

 :   ICO    ,    .           .

  :            ,    ICO.        ,        .

 DeFi:

  DeFi:   2017            .     ,   ,   .

 DeFi :   ,  DeFi  2017      ,    ,           .             .

  :                 ,                .

 :      DeFi   ,    .        Ethereum         .

 :  2017      ,          DeFi.       ,  DeFi .

2017    ,             .          ,         DeFi   .

4.   DeFi :   2018 ,    Ethereum,      DeFi       .       DeFi           ,          .

        DeFi ,     :

MakerDAO (DAI): MakerDAO,    2017 ,        DeFi .      DAI,    .    ()    - MakerDAO     DAI    .      ,        .

Compound:  Compound    2018           .             .       ,  . Compound      ,        .

Uniswap: Uniswap    2018         (DEX)  Ethereum.            . Uniswap         ,              .

Kyber Network: Kyber Network,   2018 ,      DEX    Ethereum.     ,          . Kyber Network      ,      ,        .

   DeFi          ,    ,    ,        .           DeFi   .

5.   :    ,       (,  , , )          ,    .            ,   DAI.

  :        ,           .        ,      .         .

   :   ,      ,      .  2017   MakerDAO        DAI.

    : DAI    MakerDAO    Collateralized Debt Positions (CDP).     , , Ether (ETH),    MakerDAO   (collateral).       DAI.  , DAI    ,         .

  :         .     DAI         .        .

  :     DAI   (,  ), MakerDAO   .   DAI   ,        DAI    .              . ,   DAI   ,          DAI.

 DAI  DeFi : DAI         DeFi.       (DEX)    ,     DeFi      .

   :   DAI       ,          .     USDC, USDT (Tether), BUSD  .          DeFi.

  :      ,          .    ,         ,             .        ,        .

6.  DeFi :         DeFi      .       ,               .        DeFi :

  (DEX):      DeFi                .    DEX-  Uniswap, SushiSwap, Curve  Balancer.      ,    market-making, -,     .

   (DeFi): DeFi    ,   ,  (  ),     .       ,    ,           .  ,      ,   ,   , ,   ..,     .

      (Lending): DeFi                   .                .     Aave, Compound  MakerDAO.

 :    ,       (,  )   .          ,     .     DAI, USDC  BUSD.

  DeFi:  DeFi       .         ,        ,             .        ,   DeFi.

 DeFi                 ,     .

7.    DeFi:  DeFi    ,        ,       .        ,    DeFi:

  : DeFi    ,       .         ,        .              DeFi.

   :     DeFi   Ethereum,        .      ,      ,     DeFi          .

   : DeFi        ,    ,       .         ,       ,      .            DeFi.

  :   (DEX)              .            .  ,           .

    : DeFi      ,       .      ,     DeFi   .         DeFi     .

-  :  DeFi      ,    -   .      ,   ,    .  DeFi       ,        .

 :     DeFi      ,        ,   DeFi,       ,             .

        ,      DeFi     .    , DeFi              .

8.     :

 :

      DeFi,            .      :

a.    :      DeFi  .     ,       ,        .   ,     DeFi          .

b.      : DeFi        ,     ,       .    ,   DeFi            .

c.    :  DeFi    ,     ,       -.  ,   DeFi         .

  :

  DeFi       ,         .         DeFi :

a.    : DeFi       ,               . ,   DeFi      .

b.   : DeFi    -,        .       ,        .

c.      :              ,   DeFi.                .

d.   :    DeFi            .            .

9.  DeFi:  DeFi   ,        ,     .        DeFi:

  :        DeFi     Ethereum,    DeFi  .           DeFi    .      ,    Ethereum 2.0        .

  :    DeFi         .                 .   ,         ,     .

  :      DeFi      .          DeFi    ,          .

   :    DeFi      ,            .         ,     ,           DeFi.

 :           DeFi.          DeFi,     .                    .

   :      , DeFi        ,    .  , ,              .

  :    DeFi            .            DeFi,     .

 :       DeFi ,       . ,    Proof-of-Work,     .                 .




1.3:    DeFi


 DeFi:

1.:     DeFi    .      ,      , DeFi      ,          .

2. : DeFi          ,        .                DeFi       .

3.  :      DeFi    ,            .       .

4.:      , DeFi     .   DeFi       ,      .           .

5. :  DeFi          .                   .

6.   : DeFi     ,          .    ,  , ,     .         .

 DeFi:

1.  :   ,     DeFi    ,        .     ,       .

2.    :      , DeFi     .        -      .

3. : DeFi        ,            .            .

4.  :  DeFi       ,     .           .

5.   :   DeFi       .              .

   , DeFi      -               .      ,         DeFi .




 2:   DeFi





2.1:   (DEX)


  (DEX)   ,                  .      ,         , DEX        ,  ,         .

   :

1.: DEX      ,   .         .

2.:     DEX    .            .

3.:  DEX    ,                    .

4.  :  DEX        ,       ,    .  ,        ,     .

5.  :  DEX   ,  ,               .

6.  : DEX    ,    ERC-20   Ethereum      .

   :

1. :     ,       .     ,     .

2. :     DEX,            .    ,            .

3.  :  DEX   ,   Automated Market Makers (AMM),    ,      .  ,          .

4. :      . DEX            .

5. :   DEX       ,       .

        ,          .   ,    ,    DEX,      -,            .      DEX          .




2.2:    (DeFi)


   (DeFi)      ,      -,        ,     . DeFi    , , ,        ,              .

  DeFi  , ,   .  DeFi        ,       ,      .   DeFi        ,            .

     :

1.   :                  .                      ,  .

2.   (DEX):                  .   DEX    -,      .

3.  :     ,    ,      .         DeFi            .

4.  :    ,      ,         .  DeFi         -     .

5.   :    (DAO-)           -.       ,     .

      ,       ,           . ,  ,   DeFi     ,   -,           .          DeFi.




2.3:       (Lending)


   

  (Smart Contracts)      ,                  .  " "       1994 ,        .

        .               ,          .     ,       .

       :

1.  :      ,     ,    .     ,    - (, Solidity  Ethereum).

2.   :   ,      -.          .

3. :     ,     .      ,    ,    .

4.    :     ,    .   ,        . ,                 ,      .

5.  :     ,       .            ,      .

6.:           .         ,       .

          (DeFi),   , ,    .    DeFi             .

   DeFi

  DeFi (Decentralized Finance)       ,            ,     .      ,   ,     ,   .     ,             DeFi.

     DeFi:

1. :     ,     ,     .  ,    ,   .         ,    .

2. :      ,               .         ,        .

3. :        ,    .             .       .

4. :            .  ,   ,           .

5.   :  ,           ,       ,  ,     ,     .

6. :    24/7    ,           DeFi.

    DeFi

      DeFi    ,  :

   (DEX),            .

    (Lending),        .

  ,        .

    DeFi,         .

  ,              .

 ,       ,          ,      .          ,         DeFi .

     (Lending)

   (Lending)  DeFi         -,          .        ,  ,       ,          .

    

1.   (Lenders):     ,        ,       .               ,       .             .

2.  (Borrowers):    ,           .    ,    ,     .           ,         .

    Lending

1.  (Supply):          .          .

2.     (Borrow):    ,    ,     .

3.  :    ,      .      ,      .

4.  (Collateral):   ,      .           .

5.  (Approval):                    .

6.  (Borrowing):   ,      ,       .

7.  (Repayment):       ,      .

8.    (Earning Interest):          .                 .

     

:

1. :     DeFi    -,     .  ,            ,    .    ,   ,        .

2. :     DeFi       .        .          ,        .

3. :        DeFi    .  ,         ,   .        .

4. :     DeFi         .     ,      ,     ,       .         ,         .

:

1. :    ,    ,     .         .     ,           ,     .

2. :     DeFi     ,        .             .

3. :              .                  .

4.  :    DeFi,      ,           .            .

 ,             .          ,      DeFi-.




2.4:  


   ,      ,         .      ,   Bitcoin  Ethereum,    .      ,             -.

2.4.1:   

     ,         ,     ,   Bitcoin  Ethereum.     ,      -,      .

     ,           .        :

    (, USD, EUR)

        ,       ,     (USD),  (EUR),  (CNY)  .   -            .

  :

        ,          .

 ,     ,      ,     .

,      ,      ,    .

   (, )

            .   ,          .

  :

          .

       .

,     Ethereum,      ,   Ethereum.

 

          .           ,    .

  :

       ,             .

       ,     ,       .

      ,      ,      .

:        ,         ,     .

2.4.2:    

        ,     .  ,             .        :

 

    ,   USDC  Tether (USDT),    ,     ,    ,   .               ,     . ,     $100 ,    $100        .

 

  ,   DAI   MakerDAO,          .         ,     .

,   DAI     (,  $1),         DAI,   Ethereum   .    DAI    .   ,   DAI    ,       DAI,     DAI       Ethereum.

         ,     .

   

  ,   Ampleforth (AMPL),             .

,   AMPL    ,      AMPL     ,      .     AMPL      .

  ,   AMPL    ,           ,      .

            .

2.4.3     

      ,      ,    ,    ,   Bitcoin  Ethereum.     ,     .

  

 :             .             (,  ,    ),       .         ,      .

  :            ,    .              .       ,     ,     .

  :          .      -   ,           .               .

  

  :  ,  ,     ,         .          ,      .            ,        .

 :      ,     .   ,               .

 :        ,  ,  .        ,           .

 :    ,        ,            .                .

   :        ,    (,    ).                 .

     ,                  .                      .

2.4.4   

          DAI  USDC.                 DeFi.

DAI (MakerDAO)

DAI    ,     MakerDAO,     Ethereum.     ,    ,       .

   DAI:

DAI        (Collateralized Debt Positions  CDPs)   Ethereum.      Ethereum   ERC-20   - MakerDAO     DAI   .   ,        ()      DAI,     (Collateralization Ratio).

            ,   CDP           ,        .

 DAI:

: DAI       ,       .

:     - MakerDAO      .

: DAI              .

 DAI:

 :             .

   :     , MakerDAO       ,      .

USDC (USD Coin)

USDC      ,                    Ethereum.

   USDC:

USDC        Circle  Coinbase.     USDC   ,                USDC .  ,   USDC     .

 USDC:

: USDC    ,    ,            .

: USDC             .

 USDC:

: USDC     (Circle  Coinbase),        .

 :  USDC        ,         .

USDT (Tether)

USDT (Tether)       ,        1:1.  Tether ,    USDT           .

: USDT         -     .          .

USDO (USD Origin)

USDO   ,     Origin.            ,   Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain  .   -      .

sUSD (Synthetix USD)

sUSD   ,     Synthetix,       .              .

BUSD (Binance USD)

BUSD   ,   Binance  Paxos.        1:1      . BUSD   Binance Smart Chain (BSC),       -.

sEUR (Synthetix Euro)

 USD- ,   ,     . , sEUR   ,   ,    Synthetix.

:      ,      ,        .   ,   DeFi  ,     ,             .

 2.5:   DeFi

     (DEX)    (DeFi),   DeFi     ,           .              DeFi:

1.  :

       DeFi,          .         ,         .     ,    ,         .

     ,    ,  ,   ,         .         DeFi.

   :

1. :       ,   API  -,      .      , ,   . .

2.  :     ,        .   ,       ,     ,        .

3.    :       ,        .             .

4.    :             .             .

  :

   DeFi    :

1. :     ,  ,         .

2. :            ,    .

3.  :            ,       .

  :

            . ,       ,            ,         DeFi.

         DeFi      .       ,        .

2.  :

          (DeFi),          ,    (DEX)    DeFi.         DEX,         .

   :

        ,         .               .   ,          DeFi .

       ,        DEX    DeFi.             ,      .

  :

1. :              .     -             .

2. :         ,      ,            DEX.

3. :         ,           ,     .

4. :            ,      .

  :

     ,       :

1.:     ,        .         .

2.:       ,      DeFi.           .

3. :       DEX,          ,        .

:     DeFi     ,           .

3.     :

    ,      ,          .         ,           .     ,     .

 :

      , :

3.1    :

           ,    .      "-"  "".   -            ,           .

    USDC (USD Coin), USDT (Tether),  PAX (Paxos Standard).

3.2  :

         ,  ,    .     ""  "".

,   ,        ""   .       ,     ,         ,    .

    DAI ( MakerDAO)  sUSD (Synthetix USD).

3.3   :

        ,   Ampleforth (AMPL).         ,     .

,       , -    ,          .          .

 :

 ,     . , -             .              .

   ,       DeFi,            .                     .

4.   :

            DeFi,           .     ,      ,       ,      .

,    ,     .           ,     ,    . ,        .   ,       1  ( 1  - ),       0  ( 0   ).

:      ;              .

  ,     ,      .     ,         (  )     .  ,      .

     DeFi:

1.    :      " ",      ,           .

2. :          ,            .

3.   :       ,        .       .

     DeFi:

1. :           ,           .

2.  :       ,                .

3. :          ,    .

       ,       ,     .       DeFi,            .

5.    :

5.1  :

  (Layer 2)   ,       Ethereum    DeFi.     Ethereum    ,      .           .

           .       ,          .             .

      Ethereum  "Rollups" ,         Ethereum.           ,        .

5.2  (Bridges):

     ,        .   DeFi,              .

       DeFi      . ,      ERC-20    Ethereum     .           DeFi      .

 ,    DeFi    .             ,         .

 ,         ,          ,       .

5.3         DeFi:

:           ,   DeFi    .

 :        ,  DeFi     .

:         DeFi,        .

:         ,         ,        DeFi.

       DeFi      ,   ,       .           ,            DeFi.




 3:   DeFi 





3.1:       DeFi


      ,    DeFi.    ,    ,       .           ,     .  DeFi            .

   :

1. :       ,   Solidity (  Ethereum), Vyper  .          .

2. :      ,         . ,       ETH       .

3.:         ,        .

4. :    ,              .

5. :




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=69512812)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .


