 
 

 


         ,    .  ࠖ        ,    ,    ,        .          렖          .

   ?    ?        ? ,        ?           ,              .

   ,            .

    .





 ,  

 .     



   

   HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT PUBLISHING CO  Synopsis Literary Agency



  .

                    .



 Copyright  2015 by Donald Sull and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Published by special arrangement with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

    ,    , .  ,  , 2019


* * *


 ,    ,    ,     











         -         [1 -  67-   .: Hauser Christine. At U.S. Hospital, Reflections on 11 Hours and 91 Casualties // New York Times. 2004. December 29; Hnida Dave. Paradise General: Riding the Surge at a Combat Hospital in Iraq. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010; Mitchell Roosevelt J. The Deployment of Bravo Company 21st Combat Support Hospital // U.S. Army Sergeant Majors Academy Digital Library. Personal Experience Papers. 2006. October 5. URL: http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15040coll2/id/635/rec/14 (http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15040coll2/id/635/rec/14).].      .         ,          .      ,         .   -     (   )   ,      .

            .     ,             ,       .                 (     50C,              ,  ,     ). ,              .

 21  2004     ,    ,        :    , ,    [2 -   -,     ,    ,    , .: Sgt. Edward Montoya Jr. URL: http://gene-afterthemilitary.blogspot.com/2011/12/day-of-hell-on-fob-marezby-sgt-edward.html (http://gene-afterthemilitary.blogspot.com/2011/12/day-of-hell-on-fob-marezby-sgt-edward.html).].  -,    ,    ,         ࠖ    ,       .             ,     ,         .       ,        .

      ,     ,  ,   ,   .                       .         ,  -      ,        . ,       ,          ,  ,      .     ,       :   ,     .        .

      67-  .  -       ,      .    .       .         ,   - .        ,   ,         .   ,      ,     ,     ,  ,     .

      ,      .      ,       ,          .  2004        ,          ,    ,    [3 - Gawande Atul. Casualties of War Military Care for the Wounded from Iraq and Afghanistan // New England Journal of Medicine. 2004. Vol. 351. P. 24712475.].           ,   XXI     .   ,   ,      ,                     42%-       [4 - Gawande Atul. Casualties of War Military Care for the Wounded from Iraq and Afghanistan // New England Journal of Medicine. 2004. Vol. 351. P. 24712475.].          - ,       .       ,        ,     , , ,  .

   ,   蠖     .        ,             .        ,   ,  -           :         .    ,    ,         ,  ,       .

         .   ,      , ,     ,   ,     .      ,       .       -   1861  ,   ,  ,    ,   ,   [5 - Treatment of War Wounds: A Historic Review // Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2004. Vol. 467, no. 8. P. 21682191.].       ,      ,  ,    .

        ,    ,   ,      .    滠    triage,   ,     ,      . ,       ,  ,         .    .     ,  ,       67-  ,     -   ,       .              .       :           ,          ,             [6 -     ()       ;         ,    ,  , ,            . .: Field Triage Score (FTS) in Battlefield Casualties: Validation of a Novel Triage Technique in a Combat Environment / Brian J. Eastridge et al. // American Journal of Surgery. 2010. Vol. 200, no. 6. P. 724727.].       (     )     ,         .

       蠖 ,        .  , ,  ,    ,      ;       () . ,       ,       .         (  ),  ,     ,    ,   (  ).        ,      ,     ,      .          (       ,     ),    .    , ,   ,           ,  ,      :               [7 - Kotz Deborah. Injury Toll from Marathon Bombings Rises // Boston Globe. 2013. April 23.].  ࠖ      ,         ,      .




  


 ࠖ    ,     ,           .            ,   .       ,     . , -   ,       ,     ,  頖         ,     . , ,     ,           ,    ,      .       ,         .  -   ,       ,      .

          .         ; ,           ,         ,        .    ,  ,         30Rock ( 30),           -    ,   -- White Stripes      -,        .     ,     ,  젖 ,       - .       ,       ,   ⠖       .       ,  . ,            ,             .

 ,    ,      . -,    ,              . -,      ,             .                 . -,        ,      ,       ,   .     ,    ,      Zipcar,          .     ,     .

  ,      , ,  ,    ,       .        .    -   ,       . -,   ,            . -,     ,   ,     .    ,       ,     ; ,       . -,          , , ,       . ,        ,               . -,               . ,      ࠖ  ,    ,   ,       ,   .       :     ,    ,      ,  .    ,   ,         ,          .      ,    ,     .




  ?


 ࠖ    ,    ,     .    ,  ࠖ ,          [8 -            ,      (    ),         (     ).      ,    ,      .     .: Rivkin Jan W. Imitation of Complex Strategies // Management Science. 2000. Vol. 46, no. 6.].  ,  ,  [9 -   ,    ,     . . .],      ,       .

     ,    :     . ,        : , DVD-,  ,   ,  ,      .    - ,     (,   Netflix     ),               (      )[10 -       : Grimes William. Pushing All Our Buttons // New York Times. 2012. May 30.].    蠖  ,   ,  ,       ⠖       .

      :             ,              .       ,   1800, ,      ,         ,        [11 -   Google Books Ngram Viewer,  - Google,             ,   XVI  (http://books.google.com/ngrams (http://books.google.com/ngrams); : 12.10.2012).].                 ,     [12 - Weaver Warren. Science and Complexity // American Scientist. 1948. Vol. 36, no. 4. . 536544.].

    ,        ,    ,    ,  - ,      [13 -         : Weaver Warren. Scene of Change: A Lifetime in American Science. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1970; Kay Lily E. The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996; Fosdick Raymond. The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1952; Pauling Linus. How My Interest in Proteins Developed // Protein Science. 1993. Vol. 2. . 10601063; Marianacci Barbara. Linus Pauling in His Own Words. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.].  1932     ,    .         ,  ,         ,         .            ,           ,       [14 - Fosdick Raymond. The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation. P. 159.].          .   ,         ,            [15 - Weather Warren. Scene of Change P. 73.].

      ,        .      ,           ,         -  Google Translate Babylon[16 - Weaver Warren. Translation: [unpublished memorandum] / Rockefeller Foundation. July 15, 1949 // Machine Translation Archive. URL: http://www.mt-archive.info/Weaver-1949.pdf (http://www.mt-archive.info/Weaver-1949.pdf);Novak Matt. The Cold War Origins of Google Translate // BBC Online. 2012. May 30. URL: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120529-a-cold-war-google-translate (http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120529-a-cold-war-google-translate). ,        ,        ,     ; .: Shannon Claude E., Weaver Warren. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1949.].  ,                  .              :    1960-    ,    ,    ,                 [17 - Gillis Justin. Norman Borlaug, Plant Scientist Who Fought Famine, Dies at 95 // New York Times. 2009. September 13.].

,     ,         .     1948       ,      : ,   [18 - Weaver Warren. Science and Complexity. . 536544.  .    ,     ,   disorganized complexity ( ),   ,    ,    organized complexity ( ).     ,   ,    .                : ,    .].        ,      ,   - .    (= ? )       : ,     ,                 .          XVIIXIX,      ,     ,    .   XIX      ,      ,   ,      .         ,          ,      .        ,    .

,                    .      堖 ,     ,     ,    ,        [19 -       ()       ,      .  ,   , ,                            ,           (Weaver Warren. Science and Complexity. . 528).    ,     ,      ,        .]?       蠖          頖     ,         .      ,        .       ?        ?        ?        ?

      1948,      ,        .          ;       1990    [20 -      : Alter Karen J., Meunier Sophie. The Politics of International Regime Complexity // Perspectives on Politics. 2009. Vol. 7, no. 1. P. 1324; : World Trade Organization // Regional Trade Agreements. 2014. June 15. URL: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/region_e.htm (http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/region_e.htm).].          ,           [21 - World Bank // Data: Air Transport, Passengers Carried. URL: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR/countries/1W?page=4&display=default (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR/countries/1W?page=4&display=default)(accessed: 05.01.2013).].    ,              ,           [22 -         48         : Forbes Kristin J. The Big C: Identifying and Mitigating Contagion // MIT Sloan Research Paper. 2012. No. 4970-12. URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2149908 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2149908).]. , ,         ,   ,       ,  ,    [23 - World Bank // Data: Internet Users (Per 100 People). URL: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2 (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2)(accessed: 05.01.2012).].     ,    Google  , Facebook      ?

 ,         ,      ,   .    .           .      ,          ,         ESPN;    ,        ;       ,  Microsoft     .

             .        (   3%   ),  ,    2000-      ,       ,          [24 - How the Subprime Crisis Went Global: Evidence from Bank Credit Default Swaps / Barry Eichengreen et al. // Journal of International Money and Finance. 2012. Vol. 31. P. 12991318.].            , , ,    ,           .              ,          ,       .         ࠖ    ,    ,     ?




    


       . , ,   ,        ,       ,      .

,             .  1988         ,      [25 - Haldane Andrew G., Madouros Vasileios. The Dog and the Frisbee. URL: www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/2012/ah.pdf (http://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/2012/ah.pdf)(           -,  , , 31  2012 ).].          (   I).          :     (  II)   347.        III   .          ,            .       ࠖ ,          ,     .       ࠖ       -       [26 - Haldane Andrew G., Madouros Vasileios. The Dog and the Frisbee. URL: www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/2012/ah.pdf (http://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/2012/ah.pdf)(           -,  , , 31  2012 ).].

   젖        蠖     ,     . ,         2010   3,8 [27 - Laffer Arthur B., Weingarden Wayne H., Childs John. The Economic Burden Caused by Tax Code Complexity. Austin, TX: Laffer Center, 2011. . 8.        ,    250 ,  젖 250 .].          ,  ,      ,    ,   ,    .      , ,  ,        ,      .                   ,         ⠖ $36322 $94438[28 - Tritch Teresa. Why Your Tax Return Could Cost You a Bundle: We Asked 45 Tax Preparers to Fill Out One Hypothetical Familys Tax Return And We Got 45 Different Answers // Money. 1997. March 1. URL: http://textosdeinteresse.blogspot.com/2008/05/45-tax-preparers-filledout-for.html (http://textosdeinteresse.blogspot.com/2008/05/45-tax-preparers-filledout-for.html).].         ,             [29 - Milbourn Gordon C. Customer Service at the Taxpayer Assistance Centers Is Improving but Is Still Not Meeting Expectations // Memorandum for Commissioner, Wage and Investment Division / U.S. Department of the Treasury. 2004. December 28. URL: http://www.treasury.gov/tigta/auditreports/2005reports/200540021fr.pdf (http://www.treasury.gov/tigta/auditreports/2005reports/200540021fr.pdf).].     ,      1,2     ,               [30 - Complex U.S. Tax Code Spawns an Industry: More Than a Million Tax Preparers Now Make Their Living Navigating a Complex U.S. Tax Code // Face the Facts USA / George Washington University. 2013. March 22. URL: http://www.facethefactsusa.org/facts/when-tax-complexity-puts-dinner-on-the-table/ (http://www.facethefactsusa.org/facts/when-tax-complexity-puts-dinner-on-the-table/).].

     頖   ,  .           ,        .  ,        - ,     :       Lego[31 -   Lego ,  ;         (),    . .: Durhuus Bergfinnur, Eilers Soren. On the Entropy of LEGO // Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing. 2014. Vol. 45. . 116.]?     ,     .   ,   ,  , ,      .            (  1560).         .  ,     Lego    103  ,   ,            .   ,   頖 915.     蠖    堖        ,     ,                  ?

      ,     ,     .     ,    ,  :                   [32 - Richardson Grant. Determinants of Tax Evasion: A Cross-Country Investigation // Journal of International Accounting, Auditing, and Taxation. 2006. Vol. 15, no. 2. P. 150169.]. ,    ࠖ      ,    ,     ,     (  )    ,         .    .   Fidelity Investments,        ,  ,  ,     ,         [33 - Retirement Savings Assessment 2013 / Fidelity. URL: http://www.fidelity.com/inside-fidelity/individual-investing/fidelity-unveils-new-retirement-preparednessmeasure (http://www.fidelity.com/inside-fidelity/individual-investing/fidelity-unveils-new-retirement-preparednessmeasure)(accessed: 23.01.2014).].            401(k)[34 - 401(k)(.Four-oh-one-kay)     (  )    .           401(k).                            . . .],    ,    [35 - Iyengar Sheena S., Kamenica Emir. Choice Proliferation, Simplicity Seeking, and Asset Allocation // Journal of Public Economics. 2010. Vol. 94, no. 78. P. 530539.       .: Chua Roy Yong-Joo, Iyengar Sheena S. Empowerment Through Choice? A Critical Analysis of the Effects of Choice in Organizations // Research in Organizational Behavior. 2006. Vol. 27. P. 4179.].       ,       61%            ,    .       ,       [36 -       -   ,      ,  :     ,        . .: Scheibehenne Benjamin, Greifeneder Rainer, Todd Peter M. Can There Ever Be Too Many Options? A Meta-Analytic Review of Choice Overload // Journal of Consumer Research. 2010. Vol. 37. P. 409425.].

         .      ,   ,    .          .           ,       - ,     ,   -[37 -    ,        . . .]          Media Lab[38 -     ,     ,   : Complexity, Journal of Complexity, Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, International Journal of Complexity in Applied Science and Engineering, Complex Systems, International Journal of Computational Complexity and Intelligent Algorithms, Emergence: Complexity & Organization, Chaos and Complexity Letters, International Journal of Complexity in Leadership and Management, Journal of Complex Networks, Computational Complexity  Journal on Policy and Complex Systems.    ,     , .   (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_systems (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_systems); : 30.06.2014).].        ,         ,    .    ,    .  ,     ,          .     ,      ,            .

        :  -    ,   ?         ,      ,   .           ,      ,           -.  ,   ,     ,              ,      ,        .          ,      . ,         ,    .   ,    ,       .

       1990- ,         ,         .           Competing on the Edge (  )[39 - Brown Shona L., Eisenhardt Kathleen M. Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 1998.]. (,           -    Google         ,    :   , 2003,             .)      ,      :    ,     .       ,    .   ,           ,     ,   .        : ,      ,    - ,          ,       ,    ,        .

    (  )  ,     ,  -.   .          ,       .         堖          蠖   ,   .             Harvard Business Review[40 - Eisenhardt Kathleen M., Sull Donald. Strategy as Simple Rules // Harvard Business Review. January 2001. P. 107116.].  ,  ,       ,    CEO,    ,        .

        ,    ,          ,     .       ,     DARPA,    , ,        ,    ,  -,    ,     .  ,   -      ;    ,   砫,     ;            .        ,    ,              ,       ,  ,      [41 -    Nature  ,     ,   ,     ,     . .: Giles Jim. Internet Encyclopedias Go Head to Head // Nature. 2005. Vol. 438. P. 900901.  ,              , .: Assessing the Accuracy and Quality of Wikipedia Entries Compared to Popular Online Encyclopaedias / Imogen Casebourne et al. Brighton, UK: EPIC/University of Oxford, 2012. URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: EPIC_Oxford_report.pdf (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%20EPIC_Oxford_report.pdf).].  ࠖ   .  ,          ,       XVI,          .

           (      ),    ,     ,  ,      ,  ,     .   ,        ,      ,  .  ,       : , ,          .     ,        ,   ,          . ,   , ,     80%    ,    ,      .

       YPO (Young Presidents Organization)   ,    -,            .         MBA-       YPO  ,   ,        .      ,     , ,       ,       .       (     2050%)       ,        .   ,              .             ,     .      ,   ,     : 蠖    ,         ().




  ,  


   ,   .      MP3-     .        ,      ,   exp  lib,     .    ,   ,       .           ,            .   ,  MP3-     ,      : ,  ,   ,  ,     .

   iPod.  ,    -, ,            ,     . iPod         , (   iTunes)      .        .  -,              .          ,       젖     .

     ,     .   ࠖ   ,         :        ,        .   ,        ,        .      ,        ,        .  , , ,    ,  ,      -,        .

 ࠖ      ,          .   -    ,   ,    ,       ,      ,       .      , ,    ,         .         ,  ,    ,        .          ,    ,       ,     ,     .     ,           ,      ,           .

       ,            . ,    ,     ,   ,    (  ,   ࠖ ,    ),        . ,   ,         .




 1.    ?



   ,    The Botany ofDesire ( ) Omnivores Dilemma ( .     ),               :   .   .   [42 -         : Pollan Michael. In Defense of Food: An Eaters Manifesto. New York: Penguin Press, 2008.    :  .  .   . .: : -, 2013.].      , , ,  ,   ,      ,         .       ,      ,    ,      ,   ,      .    ,           ,    ,   [43 -  -    64     . . Pollan Michael. Food Rules: An Eaters Manual. New York: Penguin, 2009.    :  .  . 64 ,             . .: : -, 2012.].

 :   .     ,       ,    .          ,      .   ,        .  , ,    ,           .   .        ,           .         ,        ,    [44 - Katz David L., Meller Stephanie. Can We Say What Diet Is Best for Health? // Annual Review of Public Health. 2014. Vol. 35. P. 83103.].   ,     ,    ,    [45 - Cowan Nelson. The Magical Number 4 in Short-Term Memory: A Reconsideration of Mental Storage Capacity // Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2001. Vol. 24, no. 1. P. 87119.].       .

 :      蠖    ,    . ,  ,      (    ),     ,   ,   .       : 1); 2)   3)     ,   , ,   .       頖     ,     ,   ,          .        .

 :          ,            .        ,     ,      .                    .  :      ,     ,     ,      [46 - Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Healthcare System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. ,       ,   . 89.].    ⠖       ,     ,      [47 -         , ,      Medicare  Medicaid,          堖             .         68   ,            ,   ,   . C.: ICD-10 Changes from ICD-9 // Medicaid.gov. URL: http://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Data-and-Systems/ICD-Coding/ICD-10-Changes-from-ICD-9.html (http://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Data-and-Systems/ICD-Coding/ICD-10-Changes-from-ICD-9.html) (accessed: 23.01.2014).].             (   ),      .   ,       ,         ,       ,   -,      .       ,       [48 -  (Dilbert)             . . .].

 :     ,       . ,      ,      : ,    . ,              .          .    , ,     ,        ,    1990- ,      .     ,                 ,     .    :     ,       ,      .           蠖     ,             . ,       -,     ,     ,      ,      ,         .        ,       ;          蠫     ໠  ,          .

    ,    ,                    .        :        ,      .  ,     ,     ,     :        ,      .




     


  XVI           .           .   ,          ,     蠖 ,   蠖       .   1500-       .      ,     ࠖ        ,            [49 - Wilson Peter Hamish. The Thirty Years War: Europes Tragedy. London: Penguin, 2009. P. 4.].

    ,   .   XV        ,    .    ,           ,        ,     .    ࠖ   ࠖ      ,         .   XV     ,     .  XVI    217 ,         [50 - Buringh Eltjo, Van Zanden Jan Luiten. Charting the Rise of the West: Manuscripts and Printed Books in Europe, a Long-Term Perspective from the Sixth Through Eighteenth Centuries // Journal of Economic History. 2009. Vol. 69, no. 2. P. 409445.].

            [51 - OMalley John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. P. 35.].  XVI     , , ,    ,     (   ).          ,    ,   ,         .

   .   :    1540      ,          [52 - Padberg John W. Development of the Ratio Studiorum // The Jesuit Ratio Studiorum of 1599: 400th Anniversary Perspectives / edited by Vincent J. Duminunco. New York: Fordham University Press, 1990. P. 80.]. -   ,          , ,      .     . ʠ1600        ,       .    ꠖ  ,           - .          ,           [53 - Society of Jesus: Summary of Statistics 2012. Rome: Secretariat for Secondary and Pre-Secondary Education, 2012.].        :       ,     .         ,         (,  ,  ),   (  ,  ,  )   ( ,  ,  ).

           ,         [54 -   (.Game of Thrones)     ,         .   , , ,  .      ,   . . .],[55 - Van Dyke James. Ignatius Loyola: The Founder of the Jesuits. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1927; Brodrick James. The Origin of the Jesuits. Repr. 1940. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1997; Foss Michael. The Founding of the Jesuits. New York: Weybright and Talley, 1969; The Autobiography of St. Ignatius Loyola / John Olin, ed. New York: Fordham University Press, 1992OMalley John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993; Hoagland Victor. The Book of Saints. New York: Regina Press, 1986.].       ,       ,   ,      .        ,      :            .    ,           .                .           .        ,    ,     ,     .            .         , ,   ,         .       ,           ,         , ,    ,   ,         III.    ,     .

               ,         . ,  ⠖   ,  529,    ,            ,      ,   ,     .      , , ,    ,        [56 - Order of Saint Benedict // The Rule of Benedict. URL: http://www.osb.org/rb/text/toc.html#toc (http://www.osb.org/rb/text/toc.html#toc)(accessed: 11.04.2014).].          ,   ,         ,     :         ,     ,     ,      (       )     [57 - Order of Preachers // The Primitive Constitutions of the Order of Friars Preachers. URL: http://www.op.org/sites/www.op.org/files/public/documents/fichier/primitive_consti_en.pdf (http://www.op.org/sites/www.op.org/files/public/documents/fichier/primitive_consti_en.pdf)(accessed: 01.02.2014).].

        ,      ࠖ  ;      ( )        [58 - De Aldama Antonio M. The Formula of the Institute: Notes for a Commentary / transl. Ignacio Echaniz. Rome: Centrum Ignatianum Spiritualitatis, 1990.].        .        ,          - .    ,            ,    .  ໠         .    ,           ,           ,      ,      [59 - De Aldama Antonio M. The Formula of the Institute: Notes for a Commentary / transl. Ignacio Echaniz. Rome: Centrum Ignatianum Spiritualitatis, 1990.].            ,             .      ,     ,           .        頖    ,              ,        .    ,      ,       .

  XVI    ,          ,         ,    .            .        :          ;         ;     ;   ;   ;      ;   -;   ;         [60 - Year by Year with the Early Jesuits (15371556): Selections from the Chronicon of Juan de Polanco, S.J. /John Patrick Donnelly, transl. St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Studies, 2004.].  ,   ,   ,      ࠫ    蠫      [61 - OMalley John W. The First Jesuits. P. 81, 85.].      ?

      ,           ,    .                   .  , ,  , , ,                       .            ,      蠖  .       ,   ,   ,   ,       ,    .  ,      ,   :         ,        ,      ,        .

      ,     ,   .                    ,        ,            [62 - OMalley John W. The First Jesuits. P. 82.].      ,    ,            ,       ,   .       -    ,      ,   .  ,       ,     ,  ,            (    ).

       ࠖ  ,     ,     ,    .       .           ,         .

      ,    :         .           .                .      ,      ,         .                     .         ,         .

     ,   ,  ,    .    :  ,       .     ,    . ,     ,    .        ,        ,      ,  .  ,     ,       [63 - Davis Jason P., Eisenhardt Kathleen M., Bingham Christopher B. Optimal Structure, Market Dynamism, and the Strategy of Simple Rules // Administrative Science Quarterly. 2009. Vol. 54, no. 3. P. 413452.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/donald-sull/prostye-pravila/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 67-   .: Hauser Christine. At U.S. Hospital, Reflections on 11 Hours and 91 Casualties // New York Times. 2004. December 29; Hnida Dave. Paradise General: Riding the Surge at a Combat Hospital in Iraq. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010; Mitchell Roosevelt J. The Deployment of Bravo Company 21st Combat Support Hospital // U.S. Army Sergeant Majors Academy Digital Library. Personal Experience Papers. 2006. October 5. URL: http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15040coll2/id/635/rec/14 (http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15040coll2/id/635/rec/14).




2


  -,     ,    ,    , .: Sgt. Edward Montoya Jr. URL: http://gene-afterthemilitary.blogspot.com/2011/12/day-of-hell-on-fob-marezby-sgt-edward.html (http://gene-afterthemilitary.blogspot.com/2011/12/day-of-hell-on-fob-marezby-sgt-edward.html).




3


Gawande Atul. Casualties of War Military Care for the Wounded from Iraq and Afghanistan // New England Journal of Medicine. 2004. Vol. 351. P. 24712475.




4


Gawande Atul. Casualties of War Military Care for the Wounded from Iraq and Afghanistan // New England Journal of Medicine. 2004. Vol. 351. P. 24712475.




5


Treatment of War Wounds: A Historic Review // Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2004. Vol. 467, no. 8. P. 21682191.




6


    ()       ;         ,    ,  , ,            . .: Field Triage Score (FTS) in Battlefield Casualties: Validation of a Novel Triage Technique in a Combat Environment / Brian J. Eastridge et al. // American Journal of Surgery. 2010. Vol. 200, no. 6. P. 724727.




7


Kotz Deborah. Injury Toll from Marathon Bombings Rises // Boston Globe. 2013. April 23.




8


           ,      (    ),         (     ).      ,    ,      .     .: Rivkin Jan W. Imitation of Complex Strategies // Management Science. 2000. Vol. 46, no. 6.




9


  ,    ,     . . .




10


      : Grimes William. Pushing All Our Buttons // New York Times. 2012. May 30.




11


  Google Books Ngram Viewer,  - Google,             ,   XVI  (http://books.google.com/ngrams (http://books.google.com/ngrams); : 12.10.2012).




12


Weaver Warren. Science and Complexity // American Scientist. 1948. Vol. 36, no. 4. . 536544.




13


        : Weaver Warren. Scene of Change: A Lifetime in American Science. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1970; Kay Lily E. The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996; Fosdick Raymond. The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1952; Pauling Linus. How My Interest in Proteins Developed // Protein Science. 1993. Vol. 2. . 10601063; Marianacci Barbara. Linus Pauling in His Own Words. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.




14


Fosdick Raymond. The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation. P. 159.




15


Weather Warren. Scene of Change P. 73.




16


Weaver Warren. Translation: [unpublished memorandum] / Rockefeller Foundation. July 15, 1949 // Machine Translation Archive. URL: http://www.mt-archive.info/Weaver-1949.pdf (http://www.mt-archive.info/Weaver-1949.pdf);Novak Matt. The Cold War Origins of Google Translate // BBC Online. 2012. May 30. URL: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120529-a-cold-war-google-translate (http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20120529-a-cold-war-google-translate). ,        ,        ,     ; .: Shannon Claude E., Weaver Warren. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1949.




17


Gillis Justin. Norman Borlaug, Plant Scientist Who Fought Famine, Dies at 95 // New York Times. 2009. September 13.




18


Weaver Warren. Science and Complexity. . 536544.  .    ,     ,   disorganized complexity ( ),   ,    ,    organized complexity ( ).     ,   ,    .                : ,    .




19


      ()       ,      .  ,   , ,                            ,           (Weaver Warren. Science and Complexity. . 528).    ,     ,      ,        .




20


     : Alter Karen J., Meunier Sophie. The Politics of International Regime Complexity // Perspectives on Politics. 2009. Vol. 7, no. 1. P. 1324; : World Trade Organization // Regional Trade Agreements. 2014. June 15. URL: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/region_e.htm (http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/region_e.htm).




21


World Bank // Data: Air Transport, Passengers Carried. URL: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR/countries/1W?page=4&display=default (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR/countries/1W?page=4&display=default)(accessed: 05.01.2013).




22


        48         : Forbes Kristin J. The Big C: Identifying and Mitigating Contagion // MIT Sloan Research Paper. 2012. No. 4970-12. URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2149908 (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2149908).




23


World Bank // Data: Internet Users (Per 100 People). URL: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2 (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2)(accessed: 05.01.2012).




24


How the Subprime Crisis Went Global: Evidence from Bank Credit Default Swaps / Barry Eichengreen et al. // Journal of International Money and Finance. 2012. Vol. 31. P. 12991318.




25


Haldane Andrew G., Madouros Vasileios. The Dog and the Frisbee. URL: www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/2012/ah.pdf (http://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/2012/ah.pdf)(           -,  , , 31  2012 ).




26


Haldane Andrew G., Madouros Vasileios. The Dog and the Frisbee. URL: www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/2012/ah.pdf (http://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/2012/ah.pdf)(           -,  , , 31  2012 ).




27


Laffer Arthur B., Weingarden Wayne H., Childs John. The Economic Burden Caused by Tax Code Complexity. Austin, TX: Laffer Center, 2011. . 8.        ,    250 ,  젖 250 .




28


Tritch Teresa. Why Your Tax Return Could Cost You a Bundle: We Asked 45 Tax Preparers to Fill Out One Hypothetical Familys Tax Return And We Got 45 Different Answers // Money. 1997. March 1. URL: http://textosdeinteresse.blogspot.com/2008/05/45-tax-preparers-filledout-for.html (http://textosdeinteresse.blogspot.com/2008/05/45-tax-preparers-filledout-for.html).




29


Milbourn Gordon C. Customer Service at the Taxpayer Assistance Centers Is Improving but Is Still Not Meeting Expectations // Memorandum for Commissioner, Wage and Investment Division / U.S. Department of the Treasury. 2004. December 28. URL: http://www.treasury.gov/tigta/auditreports/2005reports/200540021fr.pdf (http://www.treasury.gov/tigta/auditreports/2005reports/200540021fr.pdf).




30


Complex U.S. Tax Code Spawns an Industry: More Than a Million Tax Preparers Now Make Their Living Navigating a Complex U.S. Tax Code // Face the Facts USA / George Washington University. 2013. March 22. URL: http://www.facethefactsusa.org/facts/when-tax-complexity-puts-dinner-on-the-table/ (http://www.facethefactsusa.org/facts/when-tax-complexity-puts-dinner-on-the-table/).




31


  Lego ,  ;         (),    . .: Durhuus Bergfinnur, Eilers Soren. On the Entropy of LEGO // Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing. 2014. Vol. 45. . 116.




32


Richardson Grant. Determinants of Tax Evasion: A Cross-Country Investigation // Journal of International Accounting, Auditing, and Taxation. 2006. Vol. 15, no. 2. P. 150169.




33


Retirement Savings Assessment 2013 / Fidelity. URL: http://www.fidelity.com/inside-fidelity/individual-investing/fidelity-unveils-new-retirement-preparednessmeasure (http://www.fidelity.com/inside-fidelity/individual-investing/fidelity-unveils-new-retirement-preparednessmeasure)(accessed: 23.01.2014).




34


401(k)(.Four-oh-one-kay)     (  )    .           401(k).                            . . .




35


Iyengar Sheena S., Kamenica Emir. Choice Proliferation, Simplicity Seeking, and Asset Allocation // Journal of Public Economics. 2010. Vol. 94, no. 78. P. 530539.       .: Chua Roy Yong-Joo, Iyengar Sheena S. Empowerment Through Choice? A Critical Analysis of the Effects of Choice in Organizations // Research in Organizational Behavior. 2006. Vol. 27. P. 4179.




36


      -   ,      ,  :     ,        . .: Scheibehenne Benjamin, Greifeneder Rainer, Todd Peter M. Can There Ever Be Too Many Options? A Meta-Analytic Review of Choice Overload // Journal of Consumer Research. 2010. Vol. 37. P. 409425.




37


   ,        . . .




38


    ,     ,   : Complexity, Journal of Complexity, Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, International Journal of Complexity in Applied Science and Engineering, Complex Systems, International Journal of Computational Complexity and Intelligent Algorithms, Emergence: Complexity & Organization, Chaos and Complexity Letters, International Journal of Complexity in Leadership and Management, Journal of Complex Networks, Computational Complexity  Journal on Policy and Complex Systems.    ,     , .   (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_systems (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_systems); : 30.06.2014).




39


Brown Shona L., Eisenhardt Kathleen M. Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 1998.




40


Eisenhardt Kathleen M., Sull Donald. Strategy as Simple Rules // Harvard Business Review. January 2001. P. 107116.




41


   Nature  ,     ,   ,     ,     . .: Giles Jim. Internet Encyclopedias Go Head to Head // Nature. 2005. Vol. 438. P. 900901.  ,              , .: Assessing the Accuracy and Quality of Wikipedia Entries Compared to Popular Online Encyclopaedias / Imogen Casebourne et al. Brighton, UK: EPIC/University of Oxford, 2012. URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: EPIC_Oxford_report.pdf (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%20EPIC_Oxford_report.pdf).




42


        : Pollan Michael. In Defense of Food: An Eaters Manifesto. New York: Penguin Press, 2008.    :  .  .   . .: : -, 2013.




43


 -    64     . . Pollan Michael. Food Rules: An Eaters Manual. New York: Penguin, 2009.    :  .  . 64 ,             . .: : -, 2012.




44


Katz David L., Meller Stephanie. Can We Say What Diet Is Best for Health? // Annual Review of Public Health. 2014. Vol. 35. P. 83103.




45


Cowan Nelson. The Magical Number 4 in Short-Term Memory: A Reconsideration of Mental Storage Capacity // Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2001. Vol. 24, no. 1. P. 87119.




46


Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Healthcare System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. ,       ,   . 89.




47


        , ,      Medicare  Medicaid,          堖             .         68   ,            ,   ,   . C.: ICD-10 Changes from ICD-9 // Medicaid.gov. URL: http://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Data-and-Systems/ICD-Coding/ICD-10-Changes-from-ICD-9.html (http://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Data-and-Systems/ICD-Coding/ICD-10-Changes-from-ICD-9.html) (accessed: 23.01.2014).




48


 (Dilbert)             . . .




49


Wilson Peter Hamish. The Thirty Years War: Europes Tragedy. London: Penguin, 2009. P. 4.




50


Buringh Eltjo, Van Zanden Jan Luiten. Charting the Rise of the West: Manuscripts and Printed Books in Europe, a Long-Term Perspective from the Sixth Through Eighteenth Centuries // Journal of Economic History. 2009. Vol. 69, no. 2. P. 409445.




51


OMalley John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. P. 35.




52


Padberg John W. Development of the Ratio Studiorum // The Jesuit Ratio Studiorum of 1599: 400th Anniversary Perspectives / edited by Vincent J. Duminunco. New York: Fordham University Press, 1990. P. 80.




53


Society of Jesus: Summary of Statistics 2012. Rome: Secretariat for Secondary and Pre-Secondary Education, 2012.




54


  (.Game of Thrones)     ,         .   , , ,  .      ,   . . .




55


Van Dyke James. Ignatius Loyola: The Founder of the Jesuits. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1927; Brodrick James. The Origin of the Jesuits. Repr. 1940. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1997; Foss Michael. The Founding of the Jesuits. New York: Weybright and Talley, 1969; The Autobiography of St. Ignatius Loyola / John Olin, ed. New York: Fordham University Press, 1992OMalley John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993; Hoagland Victor. The Book of Saints. New York: Regina Press, 1986.




56


Order of Saint Benedict // The Rule of Benedict. URL: http://www.osb.org/rb/text/toc.html#toc (http://www.osb.org/rb/text/toc.html#toc)(accessed: 11.04.2014).




57


Order of Preachers // The Primitive Constitutions of the Order of Friars Preachers. URL: http://www.op.org/sites/www.op.org/files/public/documents/fichier/primitive_consti_en.pdf (http://www.op.org/sites/www.op.org/files/public/documents/fichier/primitive_consti_en.pdf)(accessed: 01.02.2014).




58


De Aldama Antonio M. The Formula of the Institute: Notes for a Commentary / transl. Ignacio Echaniz. Rome: Centrum Ignatianum Spiritualitatis, 1990.




59


De Aldama Antonio M. The Formula of the Institute: Notes for a Commentary / transl. Ignacio Echaniz. Rome: Centrum Ignatianum Spiritualitatis, 1990.




60


Year by Year with the Early Jesuits (15371556): Selections from the Chronicon of Juan de Polanco, S.J. /John Patrick Donnelly, transl. St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Studies, 2004.




61


OMalley John W. The First Jesuits. P. 81, 85.




62


OMalley John W. The First Jesuits. P. 82.




63


Davis Jason P., Eisenhardt Kathleen M., Bingham Christopher B. Optimal Structure, Market Dynamism, and the Strategy of Simple Rules // Administrative Science Quarterly. 2009. Vol. 54, no. 3. P. 413452.


