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TheYoung Alexander: TheMaking ofAlexander theGreat



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Originally published inthe English language byHarperCollins Publishers Ltd. under thetitle TheYoung Alexander

Copyright Alex Rowson 2022

Alex Rowson asserts themoral right tobe acknowledged asthe author ofthis work.

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    ,          蠖 .   , ,     ,  ,    : ,  [77 - M. B. Hatzopoulos (ed.), Macedonia: FromPhilip tothe Roman Conquest (Princeton, 1994), pp. 108109, Cultes et rites de passage en Macdoine, Meletemata 19 (Athens, 1994), pp. 6372.].     ,   ,    , ,  , , ,      .         ࠖ        .       ,    : , , [78 - F. GrafandS. IlesJohnston, Ritual Texts forthe Afterlife: Orpheus andthe Bacchic Gold Tablets (London andNewYork, 2007), pp. 4045; M. W. Dickie, TheDionysiac Mysteries inPella inZeitschrift f?rPapyrologie undEpigraphik, Bd. 109 (1995), pp. 8186.].  ,     ,      ,   ,  .            ,  [79 - E. R. Dodds, Euripides: Bacchae (Oxford, 1944), p. xliv.].  ⠫  ,              ,    ,       .     䠖 ,    ,       ,  ,     ().      ,   ,      ,    : ! ,    ,     , -  ,      [80 - Poseidippos, AB 44. .:J. N. Bremmer, AMacedonian Maenad inPosidippus (AB 44), inZeitschrift f?rPapyrologie undEpigraphik, Bd. 155 (2006), pp. 3740.].

   (, )   :  (    ),   [81 - Athenaeus, Learned Banqueters 5.198e; Polyaneus, Stratagems 4.1.]. Ӡ     , , ,      .        ,    .   ,     ,       [82 - Athenaeus, Learned Banqueters 13.560f.    (3.22)     ,       . ,   III ..,     ,  ,  ,     . .:A. Rizakis andJ. Touratsoglou, Inscriptions ofUpper Macedonia (1985), p.137, No.148.].  ,     ,      ,       ,       ,    [83 - Plutarch, Life ofAlexander 2.5.       .:Carney, Olympias: Mother ofAlexander theGreat, pp. 88103.].

     ,      蠖    .  ,      .  ⠫ ,   ;    ,     [84 - Euripides, Bacchae 102104, 698,768.].    , ,   ,  ;   ,     [85 - 頖    ,  ,    ,   ,     . ..],   ,  IV ..[86 - Demosthenes, Onthe Crown 18.25960.]      ,     ;    ,  .    , , -,   ,   ,     .       [87 - Cicero, OnDivination 2.135      . Π ,     , .:E. J. Haland, Saints andSnakes: Death, Fertility andHealing inmodern andAncient Greece andItaly inPerformance andSpirituality, Vol.2, No. 1 (2011), pp. 123124; M. MacDermott, Bulgarian Folk Customs (London andPhiladelphia, 1998), p.66.].  ,   ,  ,     .    , -       .       :   ,     -   .         ,      ;   , , ,    [88 - Lucian, Alexander theFalse Prophet 67.].  ,               :    젖     ,       .

    ,   ,   ,  .               ,     ,       .                 ,      ,   .

   ,    ,      .   ,   III ..,    [89 - Athenaeus, Learned Banqueters 13.557b.].       ,           .         .  ,     , ,   ;    ,   ,      ,        . ,   ,  ࠖ   [90 -  ,       .    .:A. M. Prestianni Giallombardo, Diritto matrimoniale, ereditario e dinastico nella Macedonia di Filippo II inRivista storica dellantichit? 67 (19761977), pp. 81110; A. Tronson, Satyrus thePeripatetic andthe Marriages ofPhilip inJournal ofHellenistic Studies, Vol.104 (1984), pp. 116126; E. D. Carney, Women andMonarchy inMacedonia (Oklahoma, 2000); M. B. Hatzopoulos, Ancient Macedonia, Trends inClassics Key Perspectives onClassical Research (Berlin/Boston, 2020), pp. 138142.].

    ,    -,  ,     .    ,           ;        [91 - Polyaenus, Stratagems 8.60 (Illyrian queens), 8.44 ( 蠖   ), 6.1.25 (       ,   ;   .:M. Mili, Religion andSociety inAncient Thessaly (Oxford, 2015), pp. 7985); Carney, Olympias: Mother ofAlexander theGreat, pp. 78; P.Cabanes, Laplace de lafemme dans lpire antique, Iliria, Vol.13, No. 2 (1983), pp. 193269 ( ).].     ,      ;  ,      .     ,           .     ,         .         ,    ,   ,      [92 -      .:Carney, Women andMonarchy inMacedonia and Macedonian Women inJ. Roisman andI. Worthington (eds), ACompanion toAncient Macedonia (2010, Malden (MA), Chicester, Oxford), pp. 409427; A. Kottaridi, Queens, princesses andhigh-priestesses: therole ofwomen atthe Macedonian court inHeracles toAlexander theGreat (Oxford, 2011), pp. 93126 and Women inMacedonia inAlexander theGreat: Treasures from anEpic Era ofHellenism (NewYork, 2004), pp. 89114; S. LeBohec-Bouhet, Rflexions sur laplace de lafemme dans laMacdoine antique inA.-M. Guimier-Sorbets, M. B. Hatzopoulos andY. Morizot (eds), Rois, cits, necropoles: institutions, rites et monuments en Macdoine. Actes descolloques de Nanterre (dcembre 2002) et dAth?nes (janvier 2004), Meletemata 45 (Athens, 2006), pp. 187198.].

    ,  ,  ,   [93 -       ,    ࠖ ࠖ      .].      :  ,          ,  ,     ,     [94 - Justin, Epitome 7.4.57, 7.5.45 ( ); Aeschines, Onthe Embassy 2.269, Cornelius Nepos, Iphicrates 3.2 ( ).].      [95 - .: E. D. Carney, Eurydice andthe Birth ofMacedonian Power (Oxford, 2019); K. Mortensen, Eurydice: Demonic orDevoted Mother? inAncient History Bulletin 6 (1992), pp. 156171.],  , ,           .      ,   III.       ,       ,   .   ( ,  )    ,   , ,  .   IV ..,, ,    ,      [96 - R. J. Lane-Fox, The360s inR. J. Lane-Fox (ed.), Brills Companion toAncient Macedon pp. 261262.].        , ,       ,   . Ѡ        ,        ,        .

        ,   .  ,       .       ,   ,   ,    .           .     ࠖ ,  . ,     , ,       ,     젖  [97 - Plutarch, Moralia 401b, Justin, Epitome 9.7.13 (Myrtale).    .:Carney, Olympias: Mother ofAlexander theGreat, pp. 9396; G. McGurdy, Hellenistic Queens: Astudy ofwomanpower inMacedonia, Seleucid Syria, andPtolemaic Egypt (Baltimore andLondon, 1932), p.24; K. Mortensen, Olympias: Royal Wife andMother atthe Macedonian Court (University ofQueensland Diss, 1997), p.34.           .].

       ,  ,  ,   .     , ,    ,   ,   - .      .    ,   [98 - Diodorus Siculus, Library ofHistory 18.2.2 (trans. R. M. Greer, Loeb377).    ,     ; .:P. Wheatley, TheHeidelberg Epitome: aNeglected Diadoch Source inV. Alonso Troncoso andE. M. Anson (eds), After Alexander: TheTime ofthe Diadochi (323281 BC) (Oxford, 2013), pp. 1729.    .:W. S. Greenwalt, TheSearch forArrhidaeus inAncient World 10 (1984), pp. 6977; E. D. Carney, TheTrouble with Philip Arrhidaeus inAncient History Bulletin 15.2 (2001), pp. 6389; G. Squillace, Olympias Pharmaka? Nature, Causes, Therapies andPhysicians ofArrhidaeus Disease inM. DAgostini, E. M. Anson andF. Pownall (eds), Affective Relations andPersonal Bonds inHellenistic Antiquity: Studies inHonour ofElizabeth D. Carney (Oxford andPhiladelphia, 2020), pp. 5161.].  ,       ,    .    , .      ,       ,  [99 - Plutarch, Life ofAlexander 77.5 (trans. B. Perrin, Loeb99).].

       .              ,   ,    .     1986,     ,       [100 - E. Voutiras, Marital Life andMagic inFourth Century Pella (Amsterdam, 1998).].   ,    -       ,   .       .        .    ,  ,  堖    .   IV .., ,           .    ,   .  ,   ,      ,  -   ,  .






  . E. Voutiras I. Kiagias



     ,      , , ,  .     .     .          ,   ,       .  ,     .     ,    ,     ,           .          . ,       ,      .  , ,   ,   ,  , ,     .     ,      ,   ,      ,    354 ..,    ,    ,   ,    [101 - Π    .:Pliny theElder, Natural History 7.124 andAthenaeus, Learned Banqueters 6.248f.  .:A. S. Riginos, TheWounding ofPhilip II ofMacedon: FactandFabrication inJournal ofHellenistic Studies 114 (1994), pp. 103119.].  , ,            .  ,     ,     . ,   ,     , ,     ,    .    ,   ,    ,   .    .

 ,           .   ,      .         ,      .         .     [102 - Plutarch, Life ofAlexander 9.3.]. ,     , ,   ,  ,     , ,  ,      [103 - Arrian, Anabasis ofAlexander 7.12.6.].  , ,   ,   ;     .        ,     :          ,   .         ,   . , -,   , ,          [104 - Arrian, Anabasis ofAlexander 7.12.6.].       . Ѡ  ,     ,     .  ,  ,      [105 - Plutarch, Life ofAlexander 39.7.].  ,  ,        . ,     .       ,      ,    .

,         , , , .   ,   .  , ,      ,    ,     :   ,  -, ,    . ,  , , , , -    . ,  ,   , ,    ,   :             .    ,    ,     ,       .      .   ,         .       ,       .




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 ࠖ     .  ,    ,   ,  ,     -  ,   ,   .   ,   ,   ,   ,   .      -   ,      ,      .               ,   .

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 ,      ,          [106 - Π   .:Herodotus, Histories 7.129, Strabo, Geography 9.5.2, Philostratus, Imagines II, 17, Athenaeus, Learned Banqueters 14. 639e f.    ,    , .:Diodorus Siculus, Library ofHistory 4.18.67, Lucan, Civil War 6.345.].      ,  ,        ,      ,       [107 - Aelian, Historical Miscellany 3.1, Plutarch, Moralia 293c.].   ,  ⠫,      -, ,   ,       ,  .    ,    ,    ,    .    [108 - Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.450569.       (Pausanias, Guide toGreece 8.20).].          .



		㠖 :      ,
		  , ,  
		, ,   , , [109 -  ... ..][110 - Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.555560 (trans. D. Raeburn, Penguin).   .:   .  . .   / .. . . . .:  , 1983.].


      ,  ,    ,     ,     [111 - Aelian, Historical Miscellany 3.1.      ,  9  .       : Homer, Iliad 2.753.].

,   ,  ,     [112 - Π      .:N. G. L. Hammond, AHistory ofMacedonia Vol.I: Historical Geography andPrehistory (Oxford, 1972); C. G. Thomas, ThePhysical Kingdom inJ. Roisman andI. Worthington (eds), ACompanion toAncient Macedonia (Malden (MA), Chichester, Oxford, 2010); E. N. Borza, Inthe Shadow ofOlympus: TheEmergence ofMacedon (Princeton, 1990), pp. 2357 and TheNatural Resources ofEarly Macedonia inW. Lindsay Adams andE. N. Borza (eds), Philip II, Alexander theGreat andthe Macedonian Heritage (Washington, 1982), pp. 120; M. Girtzy, Historical Topography ofAncient Macedonia: Cities andother Settlement-sites inthe Late Classical andHellenistic Period (Thessaloniki, 2001).].  蠖     ,      .   ,   ,   .  ,   , ,     ,  ,     .        .       ,  ,      .            ,      . ,   -   . .

 ,  ,     ,   : ,  .     .         ,    .     ,  ,   ,  ,    [113 - Plutarch, Moralia 178b (trans. F. ColeBabbitt, Loeb245).].     ;        ,         .    ,         ,   .    ,   ,     ,     .   .      ,   ,    - ;     ,   . ,    ꠫Ỡ     ꠫[114 - Π   .:Pausanias, Description ofGreece 4.29.3 Plutarch, Moralia 292d f ( 蠫).   : M. B. Hatzopoulos, LaMacdoine: Gographie historique, langue, cultes et croyances, institutions (Paris, 2006), pp. 4748; Macedonia andMacedonians inR. J. Lane-Fox (ed.), Brills Companion toAncient Macedon: Studies inthe Archaeology andHistory ofMacedon, 650 BC 300 AD (Leiden andBoston, 2011), p.44; Recent Research inthe Ancient Macedonian Dialect. Consolidation andNewPerspectives inG. K. Giannakis, E. Crespo andP. Filos, Studies inAncient Greek Dialects: FromCentral Greece tothe Black Sea. Trends inclassics Supplementary volumes, 49 (Berlin andBoston, 2018), pp. 299328.].     ,   ,       .      ,   ; ,      [115 - TheGreek Anthology 6.335 (); Demosthenes, Third Philippic (9) 31 ().].      -,   ,       ,  ,  ().       . Π    ,    .    ,        ,     .             , ,    ,     [116 - Polyaenus, Stratagems 4.2.1 (); Athenaeus, Learned Banqueters 1.17f (); Aristotle, Politics 7.1324b ( ).].        [117 - N. G. L. Hammond, TheMacedonian State: Origins, Institutions andHistory (Oxford, 1989); E. M. Anson, TheMeaning ofthe Term Macedones inAncient World 10 (1985), p.12.].    .

           . ,       ࠖ ,  ,   ,  ,      .       , ,      ,  ,    [118 - Hesiod, Catalogue ofWomen frag. 7 (Loeb 503) (Constantine VII Porphyrogennitus Onthe Provinces ofthe Byzantine Empire 2.15) andHellanicus frag.74.].      ,     (),     ,    .          , ,    [119 -       .:J. Engels, Macedonians andGreeks inRoisman andWorthington (eds), ACompanion toAncient Macedonia, pp. 8198; M. B. Hatzopoulos, Macedonians andother Greeks inLane-Fox (ed.), Brills Companion toAncient Macedon, pp. 5178, andPerception ofSelf andthe Other: TheCase ofMacedon inI. D. Stefanidis, V. Vlasidis andE. Kofos (eds), Macedonian Identities Through Time: Interdisciplinary Approaches (Thessaloniki, 2008), pp. 3952; J. Hall, Contested Ethnicities: Perceptions ofMacedonia within Evolving Definitions ofGreek Identity inI. Malkin (ed.), Ancient Perceptions ofGreek Ethnicity. Center forHellenic Studies Colloquia 5 (Harvard, 2001), pp. 159186.].       .       , ,   .

 V ..      ,         [120 - Herodotus, Histories 8.1378.]. ,  ,     ( ),       .  ,   ,    ,        ( ).  ,  ,   , , ,  堖  .    ,  ,      ,      ,   .      ,    .      .       .      .     ,    堖   . ,   !  .    .     .    ,              ,    . Π,  ,   ,   .    .

            ,   .      ,   .   ,      .    ,   .              ().    ,  ,     .    ,       .    ,    ,       ,    [121 - .: C. J. King, Ancient Macedonia (London andNewYork, 2018), pp. 1417; S. Sprawski, TheEarly Temenid Kings toAlexander I inRoisman andWorthington (eds), ACompanion toAncient Macedonia, pp. 127143, andArgead terminology inW. Heckel, J. Heinrichs, S. M?ller andF. Pownall (eds), Lexicon ofArgead Makedonia (2020), pp. 100101.]. ,       ,  ,  ,   ,   .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/aleks-rouson/molodoy-aleksandr-69574843/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


M.Andronikos, TheChronicle ofVergina (inGreek) (Athens, 1997), p.118.




2


S. Drougou, Vergina. Onthe Tracks ofthe Macedonian Kings inGreat Moments inGreek Archaeology (Athens andGetty, 2007), p.265.




3


Andronikos, TheChronicle ofVergina, p.119.




4


Drougou, Vergina. Onthe Tracks ofthe Macedonian Kings, p.265.




5


M. Andronikos, Vergina: TheRoyal Tombs andthe Ancient City, p.70.




6


Andronikos, TheChronicle ofVergina, p.151; Hamilakis, TheNation andits Ruins: Antiquity, Archaeology andNational Imagination inGreece (Oxford, 2007), p.151.




7


Plutarch, Life ofPompey 2.1 ( ); Appian, Mithridatic Wars 24.117 (577) ( ); Plutarch, Life ofPompey 13.45 ( ); Plutarch, Life ofJulius Caesar 11.3 (trans. B. Perrin, Loeb99) (   : Suetonius, Julius Caesar 7.1;        ); Suetonius, Augustus 50.1 (  ); Dio, Roman History 78.7.2 ().




8


R. Stoneman, TheLegacy ofAlexander inAncient Philosophy inJ. Roisman (ed.), Brills Companion toAlexander theGreat (Leiden, 2003), p.325;    .:R. Stoneman, Alexander theGreat: ALife inLegend (New Haven andLondon, 2008).




9


British Library Cotton MS Vitellius AXV folios 107r-131v (  ); Perceforest ( ) Chaucer, Canterbury Tales 7.263170.       .:D. Ashurst, Alexander Literature inEnglish andScots inZ. D. Zuwiyya (ed.), ACompanion toAlexander Literature inthe Middle Ages (Leiden andBoston, 2011), pp. 255290; G. Cary, TheMedieval Alexander (Cambridge, 1956).




10


E. N. Borza, Inthe Shadow ofOlympus: TheEmergence ofMacedon (Princeton, 1990), p.21.




11


ID 1114: Ahandbook ofMacedonia andsurrounding territories. Compiled bythe Geographical Section ofthe Naval Intelligence Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty (London, 1921), p.19.    .:M. B. Hatzopoulos, ACentury anda Lustrum ofMacedonian Studies inAncient World 4 (1981), pp. 91108, Macedonian Studies, inR. J. LaneFox(ed.), Brills Companion toAncient Macedon: Studies inthe Archaeology andHistory ofMacedon, 650 BC 300 AD (Leiden andBoston, 2011), pp. 3542; Borza, TheHistory andArchaeology ofMacedonia: Retrospect andProspect inMacedonia andGreece inLate Classical andEarly Hellenistic Times, pp. 1730.




12


G. F. Abbott, Macedonian Folklore (Cambridge, 1903), p.10.




13


        (),   ,    ,       . ..




14


T. Desdevises-du-Dezert, Gographie ancienne de laMacdoine (Paris, 1863), p.338.




15


        (-),   ,   ,   ,     ( 30 ..).




16


    : P. Petsas, Pella: Alexander theGreats Capital (Thessaloniki, 1978); M. Siganidou andM. Lilimpaki-Akamati, Pella: Capital ofMacedonians (Athens, 1996).




17


  ()      .  1930        ,  蠖 ,    .         ,    ,  , , , . ..




18


  ,    ,  : Strabo, Geography 7 frag. 20, Pseudo-Scylax, Periplus 66, Livy, History ofRome 44.46.49 (,    ); Solinus 13, Demosthenes, OnHalonnesus (7) 16; Plutarch, Life ofDemetrius 43.3 (  ); Athenaeus, TheLearned Banqueters 7.328a (  ); Livy, History ofRome 42.51 ( ); Julius Pollux, Onomasticon 1516 ( ); Pliny theElder, Natural History 31.28 ( ).




19


I. M. Akamati, Pella inR. J. LaneFox(ed.), Brills Companion toAncient Macedon: Studies inthe Archaeology andHistory ofMacedon, 650 BC 300 AD (Leiden andBoston, 2011), p.394.      ,   ,     III. Π .:M. B. Hatzopoulos andL. D. Loukopoulou, Two Studies inAncient Macedonian Topography, Meletemata 3 (Athens, 1987), pp. 4243; B. Raynor, Kings, Cities, andElites inMacedonia c. 360168 BC (Oxford Diss., 2014), pp. 166169; W. Greenwalt, Why Pella inHistoria: Zeitschrift f?rAlte Geschichte Bd. 48, H. 2 (1999), pp. 158183.




20


   .:M. Lilimpaki-Akamati, I. Akamatis, A. Chrysostomou andP.Chrysostomou, TheArchaeological Museum ofPella (Athens, 2011), pp. 2021.




21


Xenophon, Hellenica 5.2.13 (  ); Strabo, Geography 7 frag. 20 ( ).




22


Thucydides, Peloponnesian War 2.100.23.




23


Aelian, Historical Miscellany 14.17, Pliny theElder, Natural History 35.63.




24


Aeschines, Onthe Embassy 2.124; Plutarch, Moralia 603d.




25


    ,    ,    IV .. ., : P.Chrysostomou, ThePalace ofPella inThe Archaeological Museum ofPella, pp. 5866 ( IV .., ,   ); I. Nielsen, Hellenistic Palaces (Aarhus, 1999), pp. 84, 88; M. B. Hatzopoulos, Macedonian palaces: where king andcity meet inI. Nielsen (ed.), TheRoyal Palace Institution inthe First Millennium BC. Regional development andcultural interchange between East andWest (Athens, 2001), p.191 ( IV ..,  ); Raynor, Kings, Cities, andElites inMacedonia c. 360168 BC, p.183 ( IV ..,  ).




26


 .. ..




27


Mary Renault, Fire from Heaven (NewYork, 1969), p.1.   .: .  .  .   / .. , . . , . . . .: , 2016.




28


D. Sweetman, Mary Renault: ABiography (San Diego, NewYork andLondon, 1993), pp. 27,256.




29


C. Zilboorg, TheMasks ofMary Renault: ALiterary Biography (Columbia andLondon, 2001), p.237.




30


  : Book17 ofDiodorus Siculus, Library ofHistory (  I ..); Quintus Curtius Rufus, TheHistory ofAlexander     (- I ..); Plutarch, Life ofAlexander ( II ..); Arrian, Anabasis ofAlexander (  II ..); Books 1112 ofJustin, Epitome ofthe Philippic History ofPompeius Trogus (.200 ..) Pseudo-Callisthenes, Alexander Romance (III ..).     Plutarch Onthe Fortune orVirtue ofAlexander I andII  Sayings ofKings andCommanders,   Moralia; books 1517 ofStrabo, Geography; Polyaenus, Stratagems ofWar (II ..),   IV .. Alexander Itinerary, andEpitome ofthe Deeds ofAlexander theGreat On theDeath andTestament ofAlexander   Metz Epitome (IVV ..). Π      ,     ,  : C. A. Robinson, TheHistory ofAlexander theGreat: ATranslation ofthe Extant Fragments Vol.I (Chicago, 1953).




31


,    ,  ,   ,      : Diogenes Laertius, Lives ofEminent Philosophers 6.84 (Onesikritos TheEducation ofAlexander), Suda, s. v. Marsyas (Marsyas Onthe Training ofAlexander).    .:T. S. Brown, Onesicritus: AStudy inHellenistic Historiography (Berkeley, 1947); W. Heckel, Marsyas ofPella, Historian ofMacedon inHermes 108 (1980), pp. 444462.




32


Plutarch, Life ofAlexander 1.2.




33


Sweetman, Mary Renault, p.258.




34


    (Fire from Heaven)      (TheLast ofthe Wine, NewYork, 1956),    (TheKing Must Die, NewYork, 1958), ,   (TheBull from theSea, NewYork, 1962) 蠫  (TheMask ofApollo, NewYork, 1966).    .




35


Π    .:N. Lewis, Samothrace Vol.1: TheAncient Literary Sources (NewYork, 1958).




36


Lewis, Samothrace Vol.1, p.70.




37


Diodorus Siculus, Library ofHistory 5.49.6.




38


  Epitome tothe Philippic History ofPompeius Trogus 7.5.910,          . ,  ,    Library ofHistory 16.2.45,       . .:K. Buraselis, Royal Epitropeia: Remarks onKingship andGuardianship inMacedonia andthe Hellenistic Kingdoms inU. Yiftach andM. Farguna (eds), Legal Documents inAncient Societies VI. Ancient Guardianship: Legal incapacities inthe Ancient World (Trieste, 2017), pp. 5974.




39


Diodorus Siculus, Library ofHistory 16.4.17.    .:N. G. L. Hammond, TheBattle between Philip andBardylis inAntichthon, Vol.23 (1989), pp. 19; K. Mortensen, TheCareer ofBardylis inAncient World 22.1 (1991), pp. 4959; M. B. Hatzopoulos, Les limites de lexpansion Macdonienne en Illyrie sous Philippe II inP.Cabanes, LIllyrie mridionale et lEpire dans lAntiquit (1987), pp. 8194.




40


Justin, Epitome 7.6.12.




41


Plutarch, Moralia 402b.




42


L. Durrell, TheGreek Islands (London, 1978), p.216.




43


 1,83. ..




44


Diogenes Laertius, Lives ofEminent Philosophers 6.59 (trans. R. D. Hicks, Loeb185).




45


M. Belozerskaya, ToWake theDead (NewYork andLondon, 2009), p.42.




46


E. D. Bodnar andC. Foss, Diary II cont. 13 inCyriac ofAncona: Later Travels (Harvard andLondon, 2003), p.101. .: P. W. Lehmann, Cyriacus ofAnconas Visit toSamothrace inSamothracian Reflections (Princeton, 1973), pp. 356. Π,     , .:K. Lehmann-Hartleben, Cyriacus ofAncona, Aristotle, andTeiresias inSamothrace inHesperia: TheJournal ofthe American School ofClassical Studies atAthens, Vol.12, No. 2 (1943), pp. 11534.




47


     .: ,  -   .     .:K. Lehmann, Samothrace: AGuide tothe Excavations andMuseum (NewYork, 1998); D. Matsas andA. Bakirtzis, Samothrace: AShort Cultural Guide (Athens, 2001); N. McGilchrist, McGilchrists Greek Islands 12. Lemnos with Aghios Efstratios andSamothrace (London, 2010).




48


Livy, History ofRome 45.5.115. .:B. Wescoat, Thepilgrims passage into thesanctuary ofthe Great Gods, Samothrace inT.M. Kristensen andW. Friese (eds), Excavating Pilgrimage: Archaeological Approaches toSacred Travel andMovements inthe Ancient World (London, 2017), p.76.




49


Plutarch, Moralia 229d, 217c d.




50


Plutarch, Moralia 217c d (trans. F. ColeBabbitt, Loeb245).             (Moralia 229d)   (Moralia 236d).




51


B. Wescoat, Samothrace Vol.9: TheMonuments ofthe Eastern Hill (Princeton, NJ andAthens, 2017), p.75.




52


Strabo, Geography 10.3.7, Plato, Euthydemus 277d e ().




53


.: Lewis, Samothrace Vol.1: TheAncient Literary Sources, pp. 3536 (Ephorus frag. 120: Scholia toEuripides, Phoenician Women7).




54


P. Williams Lehmann andD. Spittle, Samothrace Vol.5: TheTemenos (Princeton, 1982), pp. 267269.




55


Plutarch, Moralia frag. 178 (Onthe Soul) (from Stobaeus, Anthology 4.52.49) (trans. F. H. Sandbach, Loeb429).




56


G. E. Mylonas, Eleusis andthe Eleusinian Mysteries (Princeton, 1961), pp. 261274. .:H. Bowden, Mystery Cults inthe Ancient World (London, 2010), p.38.




57


Lucretius, Nature ofThings 6.10447 (trans. W. H. D. Rouse andM. F. Smith, Loeb181).




58


Diodorus Siculus, Library ofHistory 5.47.34.




59


Plutarch, Life ofAlexander 2.12 (trans. B. Perrin, Loeb99).     : Himerius, Orations 9.12 (ed. Colonna) = Photius no. 243, inLewis, Samothrace Vol.1: TheAncient Literary Sources, p.89. Π   : Epitome 7.6.1012.     .:J. R. Hamilton, Plutarch Alexander: ACommentary (Oxford, 1969), pp. 23; W. Greenwalt, Philip andOlympias onSamothrace: Aclue toMacedonian Politics during the360s inT. HoweandJ. Reames (eds), Macedonian Legacies: Studies inAncient Macedonian History andCulture inHonour ofEugene N. Borza (US, 2009); pp. 79106; E. D. Carney, Olympias: Mother ofAlexander theGreat (NewYork andLondon, 2006), pp. 1215.




60


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69


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74


 ... ..




75


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76


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93


      ,    ࠖ ࠖ      .




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99


Plutarch, Life ofAlexander 77.5 (trans. B. Perrin, Loeb99).




100


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101


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102


Plutarch, Life ofAlexander 9.3.




103


Arrian, Anabasis ofAlexander 7.12.6.




104


Arrian, Anabasis ofAlexander 7.12.6.




105


Plutarch, Life ofAlexander 39.7.




106


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107


Aelian, Historical Miscellany 3.1, Plutarch, Moralia 293c.




108


Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.450569.       (Pausanias, Guide toGreece 8.20).




109


 ... ..




110


Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.555560 (trans. D. Raeburn, Penguin).   .:   .  . .   / .. . . . .:  , 1983.




111


Aelian, Historical Miscellany 3.1.      ,  9  .       : Homer, Iliad 2.753.




112


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113


Plutarch, Moralia 178b (trans. F. ColeBabbitt, Loeb245).




114


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115


TheGreek Anthology 6.335 (); Demosthenes, Third Philippic (9) 31 ().




116


Polyaenus, Stratagems 4.2.1 (); Athenaeus, Learned Banqueters 1.17f (); Aristotle, Politics 7.1324b ( ).




117


N. G. L. Hammond, TheMacedonian State: Origins, Institutions andHistory (Oxford, 1989); E. M. Anson, TheMeaning ofthe Term Macedones inAncient World 10 (1985), p.12.




118


Hesiod, Catalogue ofWomen frag. 7 (Loeb 503) (Constantine VII Porphyrogennitus Onthe Provinces ofthe Byzantine Empire 2.15) andHellanicus frag.74.




119


      .:J. Engels, Macedonians andGreeks inRoisman andWorthington (eds), ACompanion toAncient Macedonia, pp. 8198; M. B. Hatzopoulos, Macedonians andother Greeks inLane-Fox (ed.), Brills Companion toAncient Macedon, pp. 5178, andPerception ofSelf andthe Other: TheCase ofMacedon inI. D. Stefanidis, V. Vlasidis andE. Kofos (eds), Macedonian Identities Through Time: Interdisciplinary Approaches (Thessaloniki, 2008), pp. 3952; J. Hall, Contested Ethnicities: Perceptions ofMacedonia within Evolving Definitions ofGreek Identity inI. Malkin (ed.), Ancient Perceptions ofGreek Ethnicity. Center forHellenic Studies Colloquia 5 (Harvard, 2001), pp. 159186.




120


Herodotus, Histories 8.1378.




121


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