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 -,   ;          (, 2014);          (, 2016);     (WHTO, , 2013);        (ESIM, , 2014); -          (, , 2012); Member at Large, International Biotherapy Society (2017).

   -    (. , 1985).   . .  (  , .   );   ,    (1976) D. C. Gajdusek (   );  . . , . . , . .  (   , . ).          (1991)    . . .           (2013).

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Dr.biol. Magdalene Westendorff






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        . . .  (1974).         ,        (Hirudinea).  1986.      .     ,          .     . .  ().

           .  (Wil), ,             Berlin-Brandenburg (Fachverband Deutscher Heilpraktiker, Landesverband Berlin-Brandenburg).

       ,    (Symphyta, Hymenoptera:)      (Hirudinea),     (D. K. Shweizer & M. Westendorff: Hirudotherapie. Ein Handbuch der Blutegel-Therapie, Wil, 2013).


  






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Dr. biol. Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu






, ,  ,    .    ,     , The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.  International Society of Biotherapy.

       (). :     . :  Wilhelm Lutz (1983 )     ; -      (2002 );     2003/2004 ,  ,  , ;  William S. Baer       (2010),   ,    (BTER);      (2012);     2012, 2013 (), 2015 ()  2018  Faculty of Agriculture, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem.

:    ,     (19901995 );     ,     (2008     );        , :    (1992     ); President of the International Society of Biotherapy (2015    ).

   310-     (19982017);  International Society of Phthirapterists (20102014);     10-.  Multicolloquium , ,  (2008);     (2015    );      (2017    ). :   300    ,      ,         .


Dr. Jeena Neendoor Janardhanan






,       ,   VPSV,  (Kerala),      , .

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Dr. N. Deniz Esin






 ,    ,     .   ,  ,      ,  S?leyman Esin.  Integrative Medicine at Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, .

- Deniz Esin      (, ,  ,    )        15- .            .


  






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That alone is true which is proved clinically and that which is clinically proved needs no other evidence.

  ,   ,  ,   ,     .

Sir James Paget (18141899)[1 - Sir Thomas Lewis (18811945). Research in Medicine. London: H. K. Lewis, 1945.-P.59]






   

. . [2 -    . World Hirudotherapy Organization, , ; konstantinvs@yandex.ru.]





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           Hirudo sulukii (Saglam et al., 2016; .3).






.1.   (Hirudo medicinalis): AB     (Hirudo medicinalis medicinalis),  14.10.2009;      (Hirudo medicinalis officinalis  verbana),  23.08.2020; D     (Hirudo medicinalis orientalis),  27.07.2020






.2.   (Hirudo nipponia, Witman, 1886): A    14.09.2017; B      http://bio113.weebly.com/hirudo-nipponia.html








.3.   Hirudo sulukii   S?l?kl? Lake, Turkey (Saglam et al., 2016): A     ; B    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudo_sulukii#/media/File:Hirudo_sulukii.png)








.4.      (Utevsky S. et all., 2010)






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  XVIII   XIX.           ,     -  ,           .         ,      ,  ,          .

  XVIIIXIX       Fran?ois-Joseph-Victor Broussais (17721832),      (1808),    Val-de-Gr?ce Hospital  ,         ,      .

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?zkan Ayseg?l Taylan[3 - Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus.], Saglam N.[4 - Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.], Kalayci M. Z.[5 - Department of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, T. R. Ministry of Health, Turkey.], Mumcuoglu K. Y.[6 - Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.]





Professor Ayseg?l ?zkan



   ,       .       Regulation on Traditional Complementary Medicine    27  2014 .    ,     ,     Health Education Certificate Training Programs  15.10.2015.

  ,  ,  ,  - ,    (),     ,     ,      , -         .

  ,    -    ,       .    ,     21    66 ,    .    2019     1204 .

        , ,       .               .

Hirudo verbana  Hirudo suluki     ,   .  ,   2016 , ,  Hirudo suliki   -  .    Regulation on Traditional Complementary Medicine,         ,      .         5         Edirne.      .        Hirudo verbana.      Firat              .          65       .       , ,   .

       ,       :     2003    Cumhuriyet  ,     2017   -  Bagcilar      .  2018               .      5125 ,   700    50  .  ,           .

 ,   Regulation on Traditional Complementary Medicine,         .  ,               ,       .               .  ,           ,          .




1.http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=7.5.20164&MevzuatIliski=0&sourceXmlSearch=traditional%20 %20ter

2.http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/03/201903092.htm

3.http://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/3977,suluk-uygulamasi-sep-standartlaripdf.pdf

4.http://biotherapysociety.org/

5.https://getatkongre.org/




              

. . [7 -    , , .], . . [8 -    , , ;    , , ;  -  . . . , , .], . . [9 -    , , .], . . [10 -    , , .], . . [11 -    , , .]





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                  .          PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus,     E-library      .      ,     ()          .     , leech, leech therapy, hirudo medicinalis   .       ,    20002014 ,    ,          ,       -.




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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=69659416)  .

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notes








1


Sir Thomas Lewis (18811945). Research in Medicine. London: H. K. Lewis, 1945.-P.59




2


   . World Hirudotherapy Organization, , ; konstantinvs@yandex.ru.




3


Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus.




4


Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.




5


Department of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, T. R. Ministry of Health, Turkey.




6


Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.




7


   , , .




8


   , , ;    , , ;  -  . . . , , .




9


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11


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