.  ,      
 


  
      ,  ,    ,     . ໠     400     BTC-e/Wex,          : ,      ,  ,    ,  ,   .

  a4.pdf   .





 



 ,      



 ., 2023

   , 2023


* * *







 25  2017            .         ,        ,             +16.  , 37-  ,      .

      :      6 .

   ,   ,         ,    .    ,        .     ,       .       .     ,     ,           .     :  ,  ,           .

            ,   .        ,      . ,   ,    [1 -     RT.     // RT, 13.09.2017. URL: https://doc.rt.com/filmy/ohota-na-russkih-hakerov.  : 18.04.2023.].          ,  :            ,      ,       .         ,               .     2017       ,      ,    2020  .

       .

      ,      .     ,      ?    ,              .         $4 (Reuters), : -   (The New York Times),         (--),        - (),          Tor (. )   ,     .

          BTC-e  37-    .  -         :     ,         ,          .           .

   ,    ,      :     ,           .       . ,                      .

     BTC-e    Wex,         ,          2014   .  2018- Wex     ,        .       ,        ( $400)    ,            .  -,   ,  ,           .

     ,       :              (20142015 ),          . -            ,         Wex.   , ,   ,    , , ,         ,    .     :   2022                    ,  ,  , ,              .

 BTC-e       ,  , ,     ,  ,       $200,     ,     .  BTC-e     ,              .

      2011 ,     IT-.     廠    ICQ   -       .     :          .   ,   ,   , ,        :  ,                    .    :           10   1000.

 2013          .       ? , ,    Guardian    [2 - GibbsS. Nine Bitcoin alternatives for future currency investments // The Guardian, 28.11.2013. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/28/bitcoin-alternatives-future-currency-investments.  : 03.04.2023.].  ,      ,    Wired  [3 - MetzC. Bitcoin Is Flawed, But It Will Still Take Over the World // Wired, 25.11.2013. URL: https://www.wired.com/2013/11/bitcoin-and-deflation.  : 03.04.2023.].              ,     ,          [4 - .  bitcoin       // , 25.11.2013. URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/finance/articles/2013/11/25/u-bitcoin-poyavlyayutsya-konkurenty-na-rynke-virtualnoj.  : 03.04.2023.].

         ,   :    2013       $60.,      $600.      .     .   ,      ,  :  2014   BTC-e     .   ,      . ,     , ,      .

                 .   , , ,   BTC-e   -  . ,      ,       :   ,        .   ,   2014 , , ,     Gitler  Killer.

      BTC-e   ,      ,         :       ,     ,  . ,           ,    .

 BTC-e       ,         .                 .       2016  BTC-e        : 15%          .   ()       $10  .

      ,    ?   ,             ,             [5 - HajdarbegovicN. BTC-e: Our Recent Issues Were Caused By a Surge In Users // CoinDesk, 11.12.2013. URL: https://www.coindesk.com/btc-e-recent-issues-caused-surge-users.  : 03.04.2023.],       IT-:   BTC-e               ,     ,    ,     . ,   ,      ,      .

 2017 ,   BTC-e,       .              ,      .        ,   ,           ,        Exmo   .        ,   ,    ,    ,       .          ,    ,    ,   -   ,   .

     ,   ,         BTC-e/Wex.  ,   2017 ,     ,     BTC-e.com             ,     .           .

     ,    BTC-e.     ,   -   .  ,                          BTC-e.      ,    ,        .      ,         ,       .

   ,      :    ,      --.          ,    .     -                 ,   :      (   )        ( ),    ,  ,   ,         .          .

   ,            .   ! ,     !  [    ]  ,   !   !      .    ,    ,    ,     .        .                      .

   ,    ,    BTC-e/Wex,        ໠  ,      .    :   ,                .    ,               BTC-e.

    ,     ,          .   BTC-e      ,          .  ,    BTC-e,     ,             .

    ,         ,     ,  , ,   ,    :  -      .   -   :     , , ,    ,      ,         ,       ?  ,   ,      .

    .             .     ,  .   ⻠        .     : -1  , -2  , -3  .        ,     (  -),    (timestamp)       (hash).



      ,    ,               Bits.media;           .         ,        -   : , !




 







  


Genesis Block

Index: 

Timestamp: 18  1979 

Hash:   

PreviousHash: 0



            2017             .         . ,      ,     :      ,   -    -.     ,    -  :     ,      .  :           ,    .

      ,   ,   ,        ,      .     ,        ,        ,   ,         .       ,  ,   .      ,   .

,           ,  : , - ,    , ,    .   ,   , ,    .    ,     . ,  , ,     .      ,        ,               .

      .             ,        .     ,     .       ,   2010-               .    12 ,   ,  14    ,       .    1999      ,        ,        - .

     ,      .   ,      ,   .         ,    .                             .   1998       .      ,    ,    .

    ,   -  . ,      -  ,           . -      :    ,     .     :   ,        ໠ .           ,    20          -.

   ,     ,        ,    ,      .       ,  .     Windows   ,  , ,  2004      [6 -              .].     IT-,      .   1990-  ,       ,    .           .     .

  ,     ,      .          .  :     ,  .            .         ,       ,       .              BTC-e      ,       ,        ,    Alexander Vinnik,  Stanislav Golovanov.

   ,       :   . ,      ,      ,    2001         .    ,       ,                 , ,        .    ,     ,   ,   , :       ,    .

  ,  -    :   -.           KurganLab,    .        ,       .       . ,      [7 -     : http://web.archive.org/web/20020719092356/http://www.pozdravlenie.ru/.  : 03.04.2023.]. , , ,       :



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 ,   ,             ,       .  ,        .       300   -   , :   47-  ,     .

 ,  -   :     ,    .        http://pozdravlenie.ru (http://pozdravlenie.ru/)  , -,     ?   ,    2003      .      :          ,    .    ,            .           200 ,   6000     .   .

 ,     ,    :   .    -,    ,             ?  :     !     ,   ,     ,    2003   ,    .      ,          Forex (  Foreign Exchange    ).



      .     .    ,   .     ,         .        ,    .                 .    ( ).


       :     .    :         .




  


Block 1

Index: 

Timestamp: 2006 

Hash:   

PreviousHash:   



 15-    ,  17-  ,        . ,       .                  .    ,    WMExpress, , , ,        .      2006   ,       WebMoney.   ,       , .

WebMoney      .    -           .   1998 ,   WebMoney,             Western Union.    ,    - . WebMoney        : ,    ,   ,     .

 -  WebMoney   .       ,   . ,    ,      ,  WebMoney     .      WM (   WebMoney),   2000     WMR ( )  WMZ ( ).      .

     ,    ,  WebMoney        .    (,         WebMoney)  ,            ,              - .             : 2005 ,   ,  WebMoney  -   Swissotel      ,          [8 -  WebMoney    // Uachange.net, 08.07.2008. URL: http://owebmoney.ru/inform/inform42.shtml.  : 03.04.2023.].

WebMoney       :             ,          .    INDX.ru,     WM-  -.       15    ,   2017    ICO  ,      .       INDX      ,           Visiting.ru,      [9 -    ,    Web Archive. URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20000621125040/http://www.indx.ru.  : 03.04.2023.].

  WebMoney,     ,   :    -      .   ,  ,  ,            .     .  2003    - WM-Exchanger.ru    :    kurganlab        WME    WebMoney   .              .     ,   :    -WME,          .

     .      : ,  ,   WMZ      ,     3%   .         (WMR)  ,        ,   2%[10 -   . URL: http://web.archive.org/web/20040403171516/http://www.wm-exchanger.ru/?page=tech.  : 18.04.2023.].     :      . ,       PayPal   WebMoney.            ,     ,              .

         :        .       ,     .     ?          ,      WMExpress.  WMExpress     ,        ,    :     ,      .

 WMExpress       ,       .         ,   ,  ,            .    ,      ,                ,   ,       WebMoney     .     :       ,       -      WMExpress.          .

        :           ,     .   :    - [ ],      . , ,   :   ,       .             . ,            ,  .

,      ,       , ,      ,  -,       .   ,      .   ,       .  ,         .        ,  ,   ,  ,        .

        ,             . , ,     ,  ,       ,     : 2007                 .    2011       ,  BMW,        .

       WME      Bitcointalk       .



     ,     .      .      <>,       .    .


      ,     .




    


Genesis Block

Index: 

Timestamp:  2009 

Hash:     

PreviousHash: 0



        ,    2008       .

               .   -                 .  ,    ,   :                ,      [11 - NakamotoS. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. URL: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.  : 03.04.2023.].

  pdf-     .       ,          ,  ,  ,  .       :    -,     ,    . , ,    BTC-e,        ,    ,    .          -.

 ,  ,     .              P2P Foundation,        .   ,    1975 ,        Bitcoin.org[12 -      P2P Foundation. URL: https://p2pfoundation.ning.com/profile/SatoshiNakamoto.  : 03.04.2023.].

  ,    ,   .  Bitcoin.org    2008    Anonymous Speech,    -.      :                 .      ,        .

       Bitcoin.org:   AnonymousSpeech LLC,   , - Sakura House.     ,    ,  ,     .      ,    :                  ,   WebMoney.  2014    Business Insider    ,    e-mail  ,      [13 - WalkerH., WileR. What Did This Swiss Software Developer Have To Do With The Launch Of Bitcoin? // Business Insider, 01.04.2014. URL: https://www.businessinsider.com/swiss-software-developer-bitcoin-2014-4?r=DE&IR=T.  : 03.04.2023.].

    :     AnonymousSpeech LLC    Sakura House      ,     . ,            ,             .

     IP-,       . ,      IP-,      . ,         ⻠ VPN   Tor.  IP-,    ,         .   ,     ,     ,     ?   ,    ,          :   ,      .     ,         P2P Foundation, 5  1975      : 5 1933        ,   1975     .

  ,  2020           ,   ,          ,        [14 - Karaivanov D. Satoshi Nakamoto Lived in London While Working on Bitcoin. Heres How We Know // The Chain Bulletin, 23.11.2020. URL: https://chainbulletin.com/satoshi-nakamoto-lived-in-london-while-working-on-bitcoin-heres-how-we-know/.  : 03.04.2023.].       ,       :      .    ,     .  ,     ,         -껠     The Times  3  2008    -  .         ,    ,  ,      .

     Times,         ?  ,  ,      .   Newsweek     ,   :   ,    ,          .            :    ,      ,        .

        :  23     ,  ,   ,   ,       .      ,            ,      .         -,       .     , ,   , .

      ,   ,         ,               .       ,          [15 - GoodmanL.M. Face behind bitcoin // Newsweek, 03.06.2014. URL: https://www.newsweek.com/2014/03/14/face-behind-bitcoin-247957.html.  : 03.04.2023.]. ,     ,     ,                  ,     .

  ,     ,    .   ,          ,  ,        [16 - Satoshi Nakamoto goes public and denies hes bitcoin founder. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoboO6QPGow.  : 03.04.2023.].         :        , -    ,       ,      .                  ,         .       Newsweek,      - ,   :   , ,   ,           IP  IP   ,      .

 ,  2015-,  :    ,   ,    ,      .    Wired  Gizmodo     ,   ,  ,     [17 - GreenbergA., BranwenG. Is Bitcoins Creator this Unknown Australian Genius? Probably Not  This Australian Says He and His Dead Friend Invented Bitcoin. // Wired, 08.12.2015. URL: https://www.wired.com/2015/12/bitcoins-creator-satoshi-nakamoto-is-probably-this-unknown-australian-genius.  : 03.04.2023. Biddle S.Cush A. This Australian Says He and His Dead Friend Invented Bitcoin // Gizmodo, 02.05.2016. URL: https://gizmodo.com/this-australian-says-he-and-his-dead-friend-invented-bi-1746958692.  : 03.04.2023.].  ,             Bitcoin Investor Conference.       ,      ,         : --         .

   ,    Wired  Gizmodo,      ,      .          .           2009 : -   .    ,   .           2008 ,         ,           .   2011     ,      .    .    ,   ,       .

     ,   ,  .               .       ?  ,       ?  ,      .      .  ,  ,   ,         1,1     , , ,     ,    .

Wired  Gizmodo    ,    . -  ,         ,      .    ,        , :    ?      [ ]. ,  ,    ,        .

,    ,    . ,  Wired    ,         ,  ,     , .   ,     ,  - ,      . ,  Vice ,  PGP-,         20082009 ,    .    Wired,  Gizmodo    ,      .

   ,       .   ,   --, GQ  Economist,   ,      [18 - Australian Craig Wright claims to be Bitcoin creator // BBC News, 02.05.2016. URL: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-36168863.  : 03.04.2023.]. - ,  -  . ,   ,      [].    ,     ,   .    .    .    .  ,     ,     --,    .   ,     ,    ,  ,   ,     ,     .

       ,     ,        :   ,  ,                [19 -        // Bits Media, 04.05.2016. URL: https://bits.media/pochemu-kreyg-rayt-ne-satosi-nakamoto.  : 03.04.2023.].     ,      ,      .     ,       .          ,    ,   ,  .     .   ,  ,     [20 - GibbsS. Nine Bitcoin alternatives for future currency investments // The Guardian. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/28/bitcoin-alternatives-future-currency-investments.  : 03.04.2023.].

   ,  ,     : ,                     ,        2008 .         :  2021   ,      ,      ,          . , ,    .

             .        .   ,               .     :            ,        .   Forbes      ,              [21 - MetzC. Bitcoin Is Flawed, But It Will Still Take Over the World // Wired, 25.11.2013. URL: https://www.wired.com/2013/11/bitcoin-and-deflation.  : 03.04.2023.].     ,     ,            ,        .

      ,    :     ,             .




   


Block 1

Index: 

Timestamp:  2013 

Hash:    

PreviousHash:     



 2013                     .      ,         .    ,       ,  ,       7500       2013     7,5 [22 - HernA. Missing: hard drive containing Bitcoins worth ?4m in Newport landfill site // The Guardian, 27.11.2013. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/27/hard-drive-bitcoin-landfill-site.  : 03.04.2023.].

      2009 ,       .     ,    -     ,        .            .       ,      .

 ,     ,           ,      ,      .      ,    , ,      2013 .        ,         .                 ,    -      .   ,    10%   .   .

   :  ,        (2017-, 2021-),      .          25%,         [23 -        287        // BBC News, 14.01.2021. URL: https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-55670519.  : 03.04.2023.].        :      ,  ,      , .

      ,            .                  .     -    ,           .        :      ,       .    ,           .          ,         .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/andrey-zaharov-32613/kripta-kak-shifropanki-programmisty-i-zhuliki-skovali-69335386/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


    RT.     // RT, 13.09.2017. URL: https://doc.rt.com/filmy/ohota-na-russkih-hakerov.  : 18.04.2023.




2


GibbsS. Nine Bitcoin alternatives for future currency investments // The Guardian, 28.11.2013. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/28/bitcoin-alternatives-future-currency-investments.  : 03.04.2023.




3


MetzC. Bitcoin Is Flawed, But It Will Still Take Over the World // Wired, 25.11.2013. URL: https://www.wired.com/2013/11/bitcoin-and-deflation.  : 03.04.2023.




4


.  bitcoin       // , 25.11.2013. URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/finance/articles/2013/11/25/u-bitcoin-poyavlyayutsya-konkurenty-na-rynke-virtualnoj.  : 03.04.2023.




5


HajdarbegovicN. BTC-e: Our Recent Issues Were Caused By a Surge In Users // CoinDesk, 11.12.2013. URL: https://www.coindesk.com/btc-e-recent-issues-caused-surge-users.  : 03.04.2023.




6


             .




7


    : http://web.archive.org/web/20020719092356/http://www.pozdravlenie.ru/.  : 03.04.2023.




8


 WebMoney    // Uachange.net, 08.07.2008. URL: http://owebmoney.ru/inform/inform42.shtml.  : 03.04.2023.




9


   ,    Web Archive. URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20000621125040/http://www.indx.ru.  : 03.04.2023.




10


  . URL: http://web.archive.org/web/20040403171516/http://www.wm-exchanger.ru/?page=tech.  : 18.04.2023.




11


NakamotoS. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. URL: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.  : 03.04.2023.




12


     P2P Foundation. URL: https://p2pfoundation.ning.com/profile/SatoshiNakamoto.  : 03.04.2023.




13


WalkerH., WileR. What Did This Swiss Software Developer Have To Do With The Launch Of Bitcoin? // Business Insider, 01.04.2014. URL: https://www.businessinsider.com/swiss-software-developer-bitcoin-2014-4?r=DE&IR=T.  : 03.04.2023.




14


Karaivanov D. Satoshi Nakamoto Lived in London While Working on Bitcoin. Heres How We Know // The Chain Bulletin, 23.11.2020. URL: https://chainbulletin.com/satoshi-nakamoto-lived-in-london-while-working-on-bitcoin-heres-how-we-know/.  : 03.04.2023.




15


GoodmanL.M. Face behind bitcoin // Newsweek, 03.06.2014. URL: https://www.newsweek.com/2014/03/14/face-behind-bitcoin-247957.html.  : 03.04.2023.




16


Satoshi Nakamoto goes public and denies hes bitcoin founder. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoboO6QPGow.  : 03.04.2023.




17


GreenbergA., BranwenG. Is Bitcoins Creator this Unknown Australian Genius? Probably Not  This Australian Says He and His Dead Friend Invented Bitcoin. // Wired, 08.12.2015. URL: https://www.wired.com/2015/12/bitcoins-creator-satoshi-nakamoto-is-probably-this-unknown-australian-genius.  : 03.04.2023. Biddle S.Cush A. This Australian Says He and His Dead Friend Invented Bitcoin // Gizmodo, 02.05.2016. URL: https://gizmodo.com/this-australian-says-he-and-his-dead-friend-invented-bi-1746958692.  : 03.04.2023.




18


Australian Craig Wright claims to be Bitcoin creator // BBC News, 02.05.2016. URL: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-36168863.  : 03.04.2023.




19


       // Bits Media, 04.05.2016. URL: https://bits.media/pochemu-kreyg-rayt-ne-satosi-nakamoto.  : 03.04.2023.




20


GibbsS. Nine Bitcoin alternatives for future currency investments // The Guardian. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/28/bitcoin-alternatives-future-currency-investments.  : 03.04.2023.




21


MetzC. Bitcoin Is Flawed, But It Will Still Take Over the World // Wired, 25.11.2013. URL: https://www.wired.com/2013/11/bitcoin-and-deflation.  : 03.04.2023.




22


HernA. Missing: hard drive containing Bitcoins worth ?4m in Newport landfill site // The Guardian, 27.11.2013. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/27/hard-drive-bitcoin-landfill-site.  : 03.04.2023.




23


       287        // BBC News, 14.01.2021. URL: https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-55670519.  : 03.04.2023.


