 :   Ethereum     
 


Individuum
 2013            -   .    Ethereum       ,        , -  NFT-.            ,    ,    Ethereum   ,        .  -      ?       ?        ,         ,  ,     ,        ?       ,     ,    ,    ,          .

  PDF A4    .





 

 .   Ethereum     



Copyright  2022 by Vitalik Buterin

Introduction and notes  2022 by Nathan Schneider

Originally published in English by Seven Stories Press, Inc. New York, U.S.A.

  , , 2023

   , 2023


   :  ,    













     19      ;     ,     ,     .      ,       .           : 2011    -        .

  ,      ,      Bitcoin Magazine    -        .    ,     ,         .              .      ,       ,   ,    .        ,         Ethereum.    ,  Ethereum        ,   .            .

        .

 2008    ,          ,      ,     .      . -    [1 -          ,     . . .]   :  ,  ,   ,      .     .       ,   2013  ,   ,     ,    :     ,     .     .  [2 -  (. white paper) ,  ,      . . .] Ethereum,    ,          .    ,     ,   ,       .        ,   Ethereum       : ,   ,     .

Ethereum  2015.      -,      , Ethereum    .  ,     ETH,     ,         ,    Ethereum,          . ,     ,        ⠫  Ethereum:   -   ,  - ,   .           .

     .        ,        ,            .         ,  Ethereum     ໠       .          , ,            Ethereum.          ,    ,    ,     ,  .

    ,      .  2014     Ethereum  - ,        ,        ,   ,   .     ,  ,     ,   . Ethereum    ,  ,     .    .

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?   ,        -   ,       ,        .

?      ,           ,     .

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   ,          .    ,       .   ,           .


???

   -    Ethereum   .  ,                   Ethereum      .      .      proof of work,              ,       .     ,       ,     [3 -   Bitcoin Mining Council,            ,  ,  . . .],     CO


.       , Ethereum   proof of work,             , proof of stake,     .  proof of stake         ,   .      ,        .

        ,    .   , ,   ,      .       :   ,   ,     .     ,       ,             .

,        ,           , ,  ,       .    ,          ,    . Ƞ     .      ,       ,   ,      -.      , ,  ,    .       ,      .

          ,      ,    .        ,    ,    ,     .

            ,        ,    .  ,    ,   , ,  ,  ,        ,        ,    .        ,            .   ,         .

.




 1





  2014     ,     -        [4 - Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum: Now Going Public, Ethereum Foundation blog (January 23, 2014).]    Ethereum.      (  Bitcoin Magazine),  (  ,   ),    -,  ,  -   ,       .         ,      ,      .  2013     - .  Ethereum:        黠     ,        .        Ethereum   Ethereum 2.0 proof of stake,       2021.








         .       ,         18 .       -,        Ethereum.        ,      Ethereum.      :          ,    .

          ,     .                    .  ,     ,            -  .    ,  ,  ,    -  .

   Ethereum   :      ?    ,      ,    .    ,  ,   ,      .    ,      ,       . ..




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         ,  ,    :     .            ,      ,     . ,   ,  :  ,        ,     .   ,       ,        ,           ;  ,      .  ,   10000        .          .  ,    , , ,    : .


  

      .    ,        ,   -,       ,       .      ,         . ,     ,         .         ,        : .

           ,   ,    ,         .          ,       ,     ,   .     ,         , ,    .

    ?   ,    , ,       .       ,   . ,      ,  ,      ,         . ,         ; ,              ,       .        .      :      .       ,       ,    ,    ,            .


Ƞ 

        .   ,     ,      .       ?   ,           .   ,            .      ,       ,          ,     : ,          .

   (primecoin)  ,       - ,   :           SHA256,          ,                     .                [5 -      . . .],   ,                 [6 -     ,    . . .].








   ,  ,           [7 -         Dogecoin.     /    ,    (          ). . .](dogecoin).  (  DOGE)        (litecoin)       : 100  84.        14 ,        .    Business Insider Vice     .     DOGE?    .  doge  dog   2005    Homestar Runner          wow, so style 蠫such awesome  Comic Sans     -.      :  -    (   )  ,  Bitcointalk,      [8 -   Bitcointalk,   ,  -       .       .         .],    r/dogecoin  r/dogecoinmarkets.    ,      14 .

,        .  ,   Ven        ,    .         ,   Ven  ,       .      :        Ven,      ,         CO


     CO


   .  ,   Ven            ,       Ven.

   ,          .      , ,   Ven,               .              .     WordPress, Mega,   Overstock     . ,      Ripple,       ( ,   ),     :   ,  ,    100%   ,  Ripple         .   DOGE        .     ,    .


   

 ,      ,       ,    ,         ,      ,         .      ,        ,       .     SocialCoin[9 - SocialCoin   2013 ,     .   ,   - ,       .     ,     .         . . .],      1000   , ,           ,      ,    .         ,                ,    .

       ,         .      ,       ,          .    proof of excellence,  .  proof of excellence   ,                   ,          ,       . ,  -       ,         RSA-  ,   ,    50000 , ,         .           .

,       :            .          ,    - ,          ,          ,          .                       ,     . ,            ,        .

    ?   DOGE  ,        ,          coingen.io,                .             ,    0,05BTC,    .   Coingen       proof of excellence        ,      ,  ,       .     ?                ,     ? , ,  ,  .         ,       .




Ethereum:        





              Bitcoin 2.0.   ,  ,          ,    .          2010       .     (colored coins),        ,     Mastercoin, Bitshares Counterparty    ,      .          :  ,         ,    .                      ,            ,     .    Ethereum.


   Ӆ

         : ,   ,      .    ,        TCP/IP   ,       .      TCP          SMTP   , HTTP  - XMPP  .

         :  , Mastercoin Counterparty.       .             . ,     ,        ,       0,1       .       ,      ,     .

Mastercoin Counterparty     .    Bitcoin   ,          ,      . ,     Mastercoin,    1MSC,    100000MSC.     Bitcoin,       Mastercoin,        0,0006BTC;  Mastercoin    . ,     Mastercoin,      Mastercoin   .

           Mastercoin       .         ,           -     ,         .

   ,    .  ,      ,   .    ,                 .         :         ,         .      ,    TCP,     HTTP,   SMTP,       ( SMTP     ,      ),         - .

        .       ,     .       ,    Simplified Payment Verification (SPV,   ),    ,                .     Mastercoin   .    :      SPV  ,         ,      .    ,      -      .

     Ethereum.             ,      ,          ,                Ethereum.


  

 Ethereum  ,        .         (CFD):        ,      ,       . ,   $1000,    ,   30     $1000 $100  ,        LTC/USD,    .            , ,     ,    -  .

  ,             :   . ,       $x,  $y,     $x +  $z   ,     .       ,     .       .       ,   CFD     p2p-.   CFD,     ,     $1000 ,    ,    $1000.    ,   30       ,       .

   Ethereum,    :



if tx.value < 100* block.basefee:

stop

if contract.memory[1000]:

from = tx.sender

to = tx.data[0]

value = tx.data[1]

if to <= 1000:

stop

if contract.memory[from] < value:

stop

contract.memory[from] = contract.memory[from]  value

contract.memory[to] = contract.memory[to] + value

else: contract.memory[mycreator] = 10000000000000000contract.memory[1000] = 1


       :  Ethereum     ,     .    .

?  Ѡ,       Bitrated,   . ,        :        ,       ,   .

?       . ,     ,    ,          .    ,      ,   : -,    1%  ; -,        ; -,     0,05%  .         ,   ,      ,    .  -    ,          ,       1%.      ,     ,     - .      ,      20 ,  .  ,     ,     ,        .

? P2P-.    p2p-     Ethereum.                .

?   .     Ethereum        .      ,      ,         .

       Ethereum:     ,       ,          .        : ,  , ,         60%  (30%, ,     1%  ).    ,     : ,  ,           .


Š 

       ,    Ethereum     .     Ethereum     ,    ,        p2p-.         : ,      ,     . ,         .          ,    ,        .     p2p-    :     , [10 -   ,         . . .]       , -        .

,       Freenet,       .    Freenet   ,       .        :         ,  -      . ,  ,               ,    .         :          ,   .

?   .  ,  Dropbox.  :         1,    ,    .       10ETH        ,      ,         .          (, left  > right  > left  > left  > left  > right  > left),   ,   0,01ETH    .      ,      .

? BITMESSAGE ȠR. Bitmessage       ,     ,  ,          Bitmessage      (  ).    Bitmessage       :          bob@gmail.com      34-  Bitmessage (, BM-BcbRqcFFSQUUmXFKsPJgVQPSiFA3Xash).     Ethereum:          Ethereum,   Bitmessage    Ethereum   Bitmessage 34,     .        Tor,       .

?   Ƞ.      ,     :      Web of Trust (WOT,  ). Web of Trust       p2p:      ,        ,  ,      .    .    ,   ,   ,    ,        . Ethereum          ,       .

       p2p-  ,    .                     Ethereum.      ,  p2p-  ,  , ,     .  ,    ,    ,    ,      -    . Ethereum         .

        Ethereum?      .    .  1996      ,  HTML,        -    Geocities.   ,       HTML,      .  -     -:    ,    ,     .    Javascript     -.     :  ,    ,       . Gmail, Facebook   -        Javascript.    ,        Gmail, Facebook  -.      .       ,        Ethereum.  Ethereum       ,  .


 

 Ethereum      ,   ,        .

? .              .  Ethereum             .     ,          ,         ,   .      ,      ,   ,  .  ,   SUICIDE            .

?  .    ,     .             - ,     .         Scrypt,        .      ,           .     Dagger    proof of work      ,  Scrypt,     proof of stake  , Slasher,       .        ,  ,     AES SHA3.        ,       ,    .

? GHOST.     ,      .       ,      330,          ,     . Ethereum    ,         GHOST.




Ethereum     ,     .      .       ,    ,   ,        . 25     60-  ,        ETH    Ethereum   ,    Mastercoin. 1    1000ETH,                   ,    ,     .       ,   :   ,  32   ,              (  ).

 ETH    -  :     ,     .     .

?  ETH        10002000ETH BTC,                  .    0,01BTC. ,      X .

? 0,225X ETH       ,         .          :  40%      , 70%    100%   .

? 0,05X ETH    ,      :         ETH         .

? 0,225X ETH        ,     ETH   .

?         ETH  0,4X.

       ,  ETH  .       ,       ,   .            ,    .    ,      ,          .  ,       ,          ,     ,               .

          ,          .      ,        ,     p2p-,    ,      . ,      ,      ,        .


 

 Ethereum     ,   ,     ,         ,  .           . , Ethereum          :           . Ethereum          蠫 ,  Ripple,            .      Secure Computational Integrity and Privacy (SCIP)  -,      .

 , Ethereum         proof of work    ,   proof of excellence     Ripple   .  ,  proof of stake  -   proof of work   ,         proof of stake,  MC2 Slasher.    Ethereum 2.0,         .   ,  Ethereum    ,        Ethereum 2.0,        .     ,    .




    





 ,    Ethereum,    ,    .       -,   ,        .    ,        ,          .               ,                 ,        .  ,         ,  ,        .         Ethereum,   ,  ,   .

       -.   -     ,         2005,          .    : -   ,     .  ,        ( PDF-)  ,        (  )      ,  -    ,      .       :



        ,  ,   -.        (          )          -            .       ,        ,     .           ,    ,       .


 -     ,  ,   . ,  -          ; -         ,     $200;    -,                    ( ).


 

, ,   :     ?        ,    , , , ,   ,    .  -    :   ,     - .        ,     .         .    ,  , -     :



if button_pressed == Coca Cola and money_inserted >= 1.75:

release(Coca Cola)

return_change(money_inserted  1.75)

else if button_pressed == Aquafina Water and money_inserted >= 1.25:

release(Aquafina Water)

return_change(money_inserted  1.25)

else if 


       :   button_pressed ( )  money_inserted ( )    release ()  return_change ( ).         -,      ,      .     Android-  2007     :   ,    ,        .                ,       ,    .

   ,       ,    .  ,         , ,   $100  ,        ,   .       .      , ,          :       ,  ,      ,  ,    .  ,    HR-,           ,     -.


  Ƞ 

       .    ,     ,     ,   . ,  ,       .     ? ,    .             ,          ,       .              ,     ,     .  , ,     ,       .

    ?       ,   ,    ,    :     .        :  ; ,  ;  .     :   ,           .      ,          ,  ( :    [11 -   salary    salarium (), ,   ,   sal  . . .]),   .   ,  ,   ,      . ,   .  fiat     ,    fiat lux (  ),     ,  ,   :   .      ,         (  )     ,      .

         :  .      ,   -        ,       -  ,     .            ,    ,     .      ,    . ,     ,           ,             (           ).




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=69165661)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


         ,     . . .




2


 (. white paper) ,  ,      . . .




3


  Bitcoin Mining Council,            ,  ,  . . .




4


Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum: Now Going Public, Ethereum Foundation blog (January 23, 2014).




5


     . . .




6


    ,    . . .




7


        Dogecoin.     /    ,    (          ). . .




8


  Bitcointalk,   ,  -       .       .         .




9


SocialCoin   2013 ,     .   ,   - ,       .     ,     .         . . .




10


  ,         . . .




11


  salary    salarium (), ,   ,   sal  . . .


