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       . ,    , , ,  . ,           ,  .

       .  ,      (     ),          .       .  -,         ,         (      ) ,   [139 - - .   . ., 2003. .54.].   ..        ,      .    (16891755)   Π       :         ,   ;   , ,   :   ,   ,    ,  ,  [140 - ..   // ..  . ., 1955. .163.].    ,           [141 - . .166.].   ,  ,      ,    , ,  ,      ,      .   ,              .

       ,  ., ,     ,      .   -  civilizer (tocivilize)  civilise (civilized)      [142 - . :     //  . . ., 1991. .247.], ..                    [143 - . .255256.].         , ..    ,   ,             .[144 - . .264265.].      ,      蠖 ,  堖 堖  (savages . sylva, ).   XVIXVIII.     蠫,       . Ѡ ,     , , ,  ,   ,  . .,   , ,           (. ..):       ,           [145 - Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. N.Y., 1987. P.19.]. ,  ,   ,   ,    , ..  ,   .        蠖               .

-  (17121778)        (1754)           ,  ⠫ ,        .           XVIII.,    ,     .-,    .  ,  -,       .  ,        ,     . , -,  ,     , ꠫          .       ,     Ƞ     ,       ,  .  ,    ,     [146 - - .    // - .  . ., 1994. .22.].   ,   -  ,  , ,    젖 , , ,   ,    셻[147 - . .23.].      ⠖       ,      ,        .



     , - ,  ࠖ   ,       ,    .  ( )      ,       (   )  .        (      ,     )          ,     ,   ,   .

   ,           XVIII.,        .      ,  .

 ,   (16961782)   ,              (1774).       ,    ,    .         ,      ,      . ,  ,   ,          ,   [148 - .:- .   . .26.].      ,  ,       ,  堖            (, , ,  ..),      , ,   [149 - .:. .27.].     (  )  ,        .     ,   , ,        ,    ,     ,     .   ࠖ  ,       ,    .

   (17231816)       , ,      .                (1766), ,  ,   [150 - Ferguson A. AnEssay onthe History ofCivil Society. Edinburgh, 1766.].    ࠖ     頖   ,    . ,        ⠖  ,            , ..       .    .-. .,        ,       . :   ,    ,  : .   ,     ,               ,    .         [151 - Jbid. P.1215. .: - .   . .34.].

,    ,   ( ,     42-    ),    ,   ,     ꠫  蠫 .      : []      ,   - [152 - .: - .   . .35.].           , ,    ,    .  ࠖ       ,    ,  ,  ,    ,   [153 - .].

   , ,           ,     [154 - . .40.].     ,       ,  XVIII.      ,        .   ,        ,  , 젖   , ,  .       (      )   .   ,  ,     ,  ; 頖 ,       ,     [155 - . .42.], ,   ,  蠖          .

  ,    ,  XVIII.  ,        .     堖    ,    ,    ,    ( )  .



     軠   (17351801)          .    䠖      ,       [156 - Millar J.A. TheOrigin ofthe Distinction ofRanks oran Inquiry into theCircumstances which Give Rise toInfluence andAuthority inthe Different Members ofSociety. Edinburgh, 1771.] (1771).        ,   , ,   ,  蠖 , , .        ,          ,    (, ,  .) .         ,       젖  ,   , , ,   .    ,  ,       ,     ࠖ  , ,     ,  ,    ,    .

   XVIIIXIX.         ,  .    ,        .      蠫   .              .             (17441803),         ,          ,      .    ,      ,       ,     .

      XVIII  XIX.    ,     (Volksgeist  ),     . ,         ,     .    : 堖   (), 堖 ,              - ,    .         ,       XIX.      ,  ,             1806.                  (17791861),       .         .  ,         ,  ,    ,           [157 - Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. P.21.].

            (, ),   ,     ,     . Ѡ         ,      ,   ,  ,           [158 - Bopp F. TheConjugation System ofthe Sanskrit Language. L., 1816.].      ,        ()              .            ,   .      ,    ,      ࠖ       , ,   ,  蠖  ,  ,        .      :   [159 - .:Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. P.23.].      XVIIIXIX.,    Π   (1808).          ,      1784.,    .

     蠫  XIX.      ,          . ,        ,    ,                .               ,   -  .             .




1.2.     ,   1-  XIX.


           XIX.    ,    . Ѡ ,  ,     ,    (,    ),    ,  ,     ( , ,  ,   - ,     ..)      ,  ,   .    ,   ,     .            XIX.,          XVIII.            ,  ,    ,      .

     1819.     [160 - Lawrens W. Lectures onPhysiology, Zoology andthe Natural History ofMan. L., 1819.],  ,       ,    ࠖ  ,     ,    .  ,               [161 - .:Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. P.43.].  ,    ꠫ ,  ꠫ ,    1800.,  , .          ,   XVIII.      ,    ꠫ [162 - .:Darwin E. TheTemple ofNature, orthe Origin ofSociety // TheEssential Writings ofErasmus Darwin. Ed. byD. King-Hele. L., 1803.]        [163 - .:Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. P.42.].

     XIX.     .        ,    : 1)      ( ),       ; 2)      ,      6000 ; 3)         .        :         ;           ;   ..   蠖     ()     .

      ..       [164 - Sumner J.B. ATreaties onthe Records ofCreation andon theMoral Attributes ofthe Creator. L., 1816.], .    [165 - Whately R. Introductory Lectures onPolitical Economy. L., 1832.], .   ,   [166 - Whewell W. ThePhilosophy ofthe Inductive Sciences, Founded ontheir History. 2vols. L., 1847.] .           [167 - Chambers R. Vestiges ofthe Natural History ofCreation. L., 1844.],  ,    ,      -    .  ,    ,        , ,      .         :    ,    ;  ;    ,    [168 - .: Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. P.42.].  , ,      ⠖ 60-  XIX.   20,                  .      .




1.3.    


             .      -   ,        .   ,  ,      (   -      18141824.),         ,               .

          ,   , :  ,      ,         ,       ,       ,   ,        [169 -  .  . ., 1910. .47.].  ,   ,   ,  .             [170 - .: . . 1. ., 1909. .117.].    ,      ( )  : ,  ,  , ,  ,   ,  ,   ,    [171 - .: . . 1. ., 1909. .111.],         (,   )       .

  ,  XIX.,      . ..  ,     ࠖ .  , ,     ,   .  ,       ,  , ,   ꅻ[172 - ..      . //  .  . ., 1975. .13.]. ,  ,    ,      ,     ,     ,       ( ,  ,   ),   . ,  ,          .  ,        ,      .

           ( .     ).    ,        ,     [173 -  .  . .16.].

  ,       (   -, , ,  .),          .    ,           ,    ,       .. .[174 - ..      .. .48.].

   XIX.     .  ,        ,   , .         .   ,     ,           ,  ,  .              .    , ,  ()   ,  ,    ,    , ,    .

     .. .,          .     ,    ,      ,  . ,  , ,   ,   XVIII.   ,   XIX.     ...         1861.[175 - Mill J.S. Utilitarianism // Frazers Magazine. L., 1861. . . . . . Π. ., 1900.].          (utility).        , ,      . , ,       (    ), ,    ,    [176 - .:..  //   . ., 2001. .151.].               XIX.           .        .  ,  , ,   ,        ,  .    :       :    ,     [177 - .  . ., 1899. .204.].

         . , ,   20 30- . XIX.   ,   ,      ;        ;  ,  蠫 ,    ,             [178 - .: Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. P.38.].        ,        ,    ,   . ,       , ࠫ           ,      [179 - .:Ibid. P.3940.].  ,  ,     -    XIX.

         .               ..,        [180 - .:..  .    //  .  . .50.], ,        ,   .,  60-  XIX.         .           ,    [181 - .:Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. P.129.].



  ,  ,      ,    . ,  ,   ,    ,      - ;    . ,  ,     .    ,   ,         ,   ,  ,    ,  ,     (      . ..)[182 -  .  . . ., 1876. .105.]. ,          ,   ,           .     ,      .  .

   , ,   ,  ,        ,    . ,    ,     ,      ,          .  ,  , ,          [183 - .  . ., 1899. .100.].  ,  ,     , ..  ࠖ        .

  , ,     ,    ,   ,   ,     ,   [184 - .  . .110.].      , ,    ,             .      ,                . ,    ,   ,    ,    ,       ( . ..)       [185 -  .  . .14.].

         .     ,     .        ()    ( )    .        : 1)     ; 2)     ,    .  ,  .,      ,  -  ,          ,  ,         ,   [186 - .:Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. P.133.].   ,           ()  (), ..  .   ,     , -   ,   [187 -         , :  ,   .. .: .  . .65,90.]      [188 - .:Spencer H. Social Statics; orthe Conditions Essential toHuman Happiness Specified andFirst ofthem Developed. N.Y., 1865 (1-st ed. 1851). P.73.].



    ,     .      ,  ⠫ ,  , , , ,    .. , ,  , ,  ,          .    ,       ;           [189 -  .  . .99.].   ,     -,     ,   ( )        ,    . Ѡ       ,  ,      ,  ,       [190 - .:. .118 .].

   ()      ,    ,       (  ):    ,      ,      ,     ,     [191 - . .105.].   -              ,         .      ,     ,     .   蠫        , .  ,   ,      ,   ⠫  [192 - .:. .108.].



     ,    ,   ,    [193 - .: .  . .143146.].  ,          ,  .




1.4. ,  


   XIX.      - .  ,       ,   XIX.        ,   ,    . ,  ,       .      (  ),      ..., ., ., .   .    ( , ., ..)    .   蠫           ,      ⠫ .       ,    ,    ().

Ӡ     XIX.    ,     (antiqueties),     XVI. XIX.           ,     ,    .. Ѡ XIX.     () ,         ,    .      XVIII.     1717.     (Society ofantiqueris),  1770.   .    1731.   (Gentlemans Magazine)      ,           .

       XIX.    ,  20-        ;  ,   30-      ,      .   ⠖    [ ]   蠖  ,     . ,    ,      :     - ,        [194 - .: Dorson R. TheBritish Folklorists: AHistory. Chicago, 1968. P.109118.].

 3040-          .  1846.                ,     [195 - .: Ibid. P.5355.].         ,      ,  ,       [196 - .: Ibid. P.84.].       (Notes andQueries),          .              .

            .     XIX.        (Volksgeist),     (),   ..,         ,    .          ,    (   )   ,      .

          .        : ,  ,   ,  -    ,  ,    ,        ,        [197 - .:Stocking G.W.Jr. Victorian Anthropology. P.6263.].

 1862.       [198 - Knox R. TheRaces ofMen: APhilosophical Enquiry into theInfluences ofRace over theDestinies ofNations. L., 1862.],     .  ,      ,  , ࠫ   ,  , ࠖ   [199 - Ibid. P.78, 23,53.].           ,      ,     ,       .         (1868),     :    [200 - Beddoe J. TheRaces ofBritain: AContribution tothe Anthropology ofWestern Europe. Bristol, 1885.].

 ,    XIX.              .     ,   ,      ,     :    , ,   ,         [201 - .:Stocking G.W.Jr. Race, Culture andEvolution. N.Y., 1968. P.40,46.].

.,     , :       ,                  .     ,           [202 - Idem. Victorian Anthropology. P.67.],      .

         ,   ,  ,     . Ƞ,         (  ),        ,           6..              ,    XIX.    ,     ,   6.

           .              .  1849.        . ( .)   [203 - Worsae J.J. Primeval Antiquities ofDenmark. L., 1849.],         ,     ,   .       ,           ,          (1847).         ,         .          18531854.,     1856.     ,     1855.: Ӡ    ,    [204 - .: Gruber J. Brixham Cave andthe Antiquity ofMan // Context andMeaning inCultural Anthropology. Ed. byM.E. Spiro. N.Y., 1965. P.383.].

Ƞ 1858.,                 ,   .         .      , :  ,   ,       ,                ;      ,  ,        ,         ,  ,      [205 - Lyell Ch. TheGeological Evidence ofthe Antiquity ofMan, with Remarks onTheories ofthe Origin ofSpecies Variation. Philadelphia, 1870 (1-st ed. 1863). P.386.].     ,       ,    -     ,  ,       .       ,      (prehistoric movement).




1.5.  ..


   XIX.           蠫.        ,  .   XIX.      ,     , , , , , , ,   . ,   ,    , ..   .          ,      .    -     蠫 .  ,        (, , )    ,       .  - ,        (, ,  .)       .

,      .         (17821849).  ,    ,     . 䠖       [206 - Prichard J.C. Researches into thePhysical History ofMan. L., 1813.],      1813., ,   , 1826., 18361847. (5 ).  ,    ,          [207 - Idem. TheNatural History ofMan. L., 1855.] 1855.          ,        ,      XIX.         : 1)   ,      ,     ; 2)           , ,    ,        ; 3)  ⠖      .

,     ,     ,    , , ,    ,                  .           .         ,     ,   .,    ,    .          ,   - .    ,     .

 -         ,   .  ,             ,    ,        ,    ;   ,     ..    , ,  蠖     ,        , , ,        .

     ,              ⠫  ,  ,      1851. (    ,   ).          ,   ,          ,   .          ,  ,   ,   .

     ,    , ,    XVIII. , ꠫ 蠫  . ,  ,   () ,   ,   . ,    ,     ,          ,    .

    ,     -   ,    .,          ,      . ,  ,      ,    ,        .  ,  ,     ,      ,    .




1.6.  .


         XIX.   .          ,     ,      .      XIX.    ,          (18231900),             .        ,      -,    .

    (          ),    ,    40-    ,    ,    .          ࠖ               . ,        5080-    ,      , , ,    ,    .      ,     ,     ,   , .      1846.,         ,      ,     .       ,  1851.  ,  1868.    .

    -       .       .  ,     ,    : 1)       ; 2)        ,     ; 3)     .  ,      ,     ,       [208 - M?ller M. Comparative Mythology // Chips from aGerman Workshop. V. II. N.Y., 1876.] (1856) 蠫  ,    18611864.          [209 - Idem. Lectures onthe Science ofLanguage. 2-nd series. L., 1885.].          (arians)    (aryans)        ,         .          ,     .        ,       ,       .        , ,    (   )     .

             . ,       ,   ,      [210 - M?ller M. MyAutobiography: AFragment. N.Y., 1901.P.194.]  ,       .  , - ,   ,          [211 - Idem. MyFirst Course ofEight Lectures inComparative Philology // M?llers Papers. Bodleian Library. Oxford, 1851. P.I,12.].    ,     ,      ,   , , , .       ,     :   (,  ),        ,      ,       ,    [212 - Idem. Comparative Mythology. V. II. P.5253.].

        ,     .    , ,  ,       .    ()   ,    ,       ,     (    ).  ,     [213 - Ibid. P.5372.]




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