English for system administrators
  


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English for system administrators



  



  ,2023



ISBN978-5-0060-6585-7

     Ridero




Foreword / 


        ,       2.

      ,    ,     ,     ,    .

       .    .



   :



1.   ;

2.    ;

3.       ,    ;

4.       ,        ,     .       .      ;

5.    Now you know        .  ,    ,      .       (      );

6.       .           .




Unit 1. Computers


1.Answer the following questions:



What devices do youuse?

What are the components ofahardware ofyour device?

Do you want tochange your device tothe new one?Why?



2.Look at the picture and name the computer items that yousee:








3.Read the text and match the headings with the paragraphs:



a. Hardware components

b. The difference between hardware and software

c. Types ofcomputers



1)Nowadays there are three common computer types which people use widely: desktop personal computer (PC), laptop and tablet. PC is avery popular type for IT specialists who work inan office or at home DUE TOits monitor which is larger than monitors ofother devices.

Desktop personal computers usually have the following hardware: monitor, keyboard, mouse, computer case, motherboard, fixed or removable storage drives, and power supply. ADDITIONALLY, they may contain modems or network interfaces. As all elements are separated, the user can create his own ideal computer bydisassembling and changing inconvenient elements. The only disadvantage ofadesktop computer is that it is quite big and heavy for transporting.

INCOMPARISON WITH PCs laptops are portable and have smaller components. Typical laptops have keyboard, display, and processor inone package. The monitor can be closed for screen and keyboard protection and safe transportation. Instead ofamouse, laptops have atouchpad which is located near akeyboard.

One more portable computer is atablet. Tablets UNLIKE laptops use atouch screen or foldable keyboard and weigh even less than laptops. Some tablets especially graphic ones have astylus special pen towrite or draw right on the screen.



2)Each electronic device consists ofhardware and software which work together for greater performance. Computer hardware represents physical and tangible components ofacomputer or its analogue which can be seen and touched while software consists ofprograms and written instructions (code) that give commands tophysical components.



3) Hardware is divided into two major groups: internal and external (peripheral) components. Internal components operate inside acomputer, for example motherboard and RAM. External components can be categorized into output devices (for getting results) such as monitor and printer, and input devices (toprovide instructions) for including information tothe computer (mouse, keyboard) and external memory storage devices (CD, hard disk etc.). TOSUM UP WITH, computers need internal hardware components for the proper functioning ALTHOUGH external ones are attached tothe computer toadd functions.



4. Read the text once again and mark sentences True or False:



1. You can change any elements you want toinadesktop computer.

2. The only difference between PCs, laptops and tablets is their size.

3. Software perform better tasks with hardware.

4. Software consists ofinternal and peripheral components.

5. Output devices allow users tosend data tothe computer while input devices take information from the computer and present it on ascreen.

6. External hardware components are those components which can be connected and disconnected.



5.Look at the linking words inbold inthe text and write them into correct columns:








6. Connect the sentences using the phrases from ex.5inone text:



Asus Rog Chakram X mouse has 11buttons.

Rog mouse has aportable joystick which not everyone will use, it suits for people who cant use flat mouses.

Gaming mouse costs alot.

Asus Rog mouse is good for gaming.

Asus Marshmallow Mouse MD100 has only 3buttons.

The flat Marshmallow mouses design isnt for everyone but people can transport it easily.

Asus Marshmallow is suitable for office workers.



7.Match the sentences with their grammar structures:








8. Read the rules:



Present Simple








Pay attention:

When the verb ends in-ch, -ss, -sh or -x we add -es (watch watchES)

When the verb ends inaconsonant () + y ? we change y into iand add -es (study studies)

Exception: go goes.



We use Present Simple:

totalk about our daily routine and habits (Iwork remotely.);

totalk about facts (Tablets use atouch screen.).



9.Rewrite the sentences inPresent Simple:



a. Ifix bugs He _____ bugs.

b. You ask James He _____ James.

c. They try todeploy it My colleague _____ todeployit.

d. All team members write reports Lewis _____ areport.

e. They fly toParis She _____ toParis.

f. These streamers play games This streamer _____ games.

g. We watch adetective Nana _____ adetective.

h. Istudy Spanish He _____ Spanish.



10.Transform the sentences tothe negative ones:



1) They travel every year. -> _____

2) Iwork all day. -> _____

3) Mary wears auniform. -> _____

4) They are good friends. -> _____

5) Kevin is from England. -> _____

6) He agrees with you. -> _____

7) Im 32. -> _____

8) We enjoy working here. -> _____



11.Read the text and put the verbs into Present Simple:








12. Correct mistakes:



1) Are you have two monitors at work?

2) She want tobuy stylus.

3) They not know where itis.

4) Look! The design ofthis laptop am awesome!

5) He dont like writing reports.

6) She is productive?

7) We all works together as ateam.

8) There is aprinter inyour office?

9) Relax, you isnt late.

10) John use it for making calls.



13.Form the questions inPresent Simple and answer them:



Structure: question word (who/where/when) + auxiliary verb (verb that shows grammar tense e.g. do/does) + subject (who does action) + main verb?

Example: Where (question word) do (auxiliary verb) you (subject) go (main verb) tohave lunch?



a.you/laptops or PCs/prefer?

b. when/start/you/aworkday?

c. like/you/where/working?

d. your company/what equipment/new employees/provideto?

e. have/your keyboard/atouchpad?

f. you/what professional YouTube channels/follow?



14.Put the following components tothe correct category according tothe definitions ofinput and output components from the text:








15. Look at the pictures. Say what you see and what people use itfor:








16. Read the message from your friend and write the reply inPresent Simple using useful phrases from ex.5and input/output components:



For your information: wanna=want to(slang)



Hi, can you please help me? Idecided tocreate an account on astreaming platform, but, you know, my PC is really awful! So, Iwanna assemble my own computer tohave anice sound, cool picture (ofthe game and me, ofcourse) and all other needed devices for streaming games. Please, help me tocreate ato-buy list ofthings that Ineed. Thanks inadvance!

Dmitry



_________________________________________________________



Now you know:

computer types and its common input and output components;

how touse Present Simple;

useful phrases for adding, comparing, contrasting, concluding your ideas and for giving reasons.

		Vocabulary:









Unit 2. Computer hardware


1.Answer the questions:



What computer hardware do you know?

What are the functions ofcomputer hardware components?



2.Read the text and match the words with their translations:



Internal computer hardware components:

Computers need internal components toprocess and store data delivered byaprogram or operating system. The user can find them inside the computer case:

CPU the processor, which CAN BE CALLED the brain ofthe computer. It performs the basic operations. Its productivity CAN BE DETERMINED BYthe quantity ofcores, clock speed, the amount ofcache memory and the structure ofinformation processing.

Motherboard acentral hub that serves tointerconnect information flows between all hardware components

RAM (random access memory) temporary memory processing inreal time. The larger the memory size is, the faster PC will run. RAM data IS CLEARED after switching off the computer.

Hard drive/hard disk drive physical storage device for permanent and temporary data.

SSD (solid-state drive) amodern non-volatile solid-state drive that replaced HDD. Its goal is tostore data safely even when the computer IS TURNEDOFF.

Optic drive drive that locates inan on-device drive bay. It enables the computer tointeract with compact discs.

Heat sink used for regulation ofthe temperature inside the computer toavoid overheating ofits components.

Graphics processing unit/video card chip-based device. It processes graphical data. It usually extends functions ofthe CPU tolet the computer work with more complicated tasks.

NIC (network interface card) /network adapter/local are network adapter circuit board used toconnect toan Ethernet network.

USB port interface that connects the computer with personal electronic devices.

Power supply component that supplies power tothe computer.

Chip tiny wafer with an embedded electronic circuit. It contains alot ofmicroscopic electronic components (transistors) which transmit data signals.








3.Discuss the questions:



How does clock speed affect computers performance?

Why is it important toclean cache memory from time totime?

What are some popular ways tostore data on aPC?

How do different hardware components work together? Provide some examples.



4.Study the following sentences from the text and choose if the structures inbold are active (  ) or passive (-    ):



1) The processor CAN BE CALLED the brain ofthe computer. (active/passive)

2) The user CAN FIND them inside the computer case. (active/passive)

3) Computers NEED internal components. (active/passive)

4) Its productivity CAN BE DETERMINED BYthe quantity ofcores. (active/passive)

5) RAM data IS CLEARED after switching off the computer. (active/passive)

6) It CONTAINS alot ofmicroscopic electronic components. (active/passive)

7) Its goal is tostore data safely even when the computer IS TURNED OFF. (active/passive)



5.Study the rules:



Passive Voice



Active Voice: They turn off the computer.

  .

Passive Voice: The computer is turned off bythem.

 .



Structure: ___+tobe (inthe correct form) +Ved/3+ bysomeone

Remember: we need tochange subject and object. Plus, we need tochange only the verb TOBE ingrammar tenses. The main verb will always be in3form or with -ed ending.








We use Passive Voice:

If asubject is arecipient ofaverbs action;

If we dont know who does an action or it doesnt matter forus.



Passive Voice with modal verbs:








Active Voice: People can call the processor the brain ofthe computer.

Passive Voice: The processor can be called the brain ofthe computer bypeople.



6.Match the phrases inActive and Passive Voice:








7. Complete the description ofthe laptop with Passive Voice:



The model ofthe laptop is Titan GT77 12U. This laptop ______ (build) for gamers and creators. The main processing chip called Intel Core i912900HX processor that ______ (manufacture) bythe Intel Corporation. It operates at aclock speed of5.00GHz and has 8Performance-cores and 8Efficient-cores. Electronics for driving the graphics output has amemory capacity of8GB. The laptop ______ (equip) with several sets ofexpansion memory slots for DDR5 memory. RAM ______ (can reach) up to128GB. Amassive storage space ______ (can create) with the help ofSSD slot 8TB. Lightning modes ofkeyboard and laptop ______ (switch) into various styles. A17.3inch, flat display screen ______ (make) with aresolution of3840by 2160.The operating system that ______ (use) tocontrol the system Windows11.



8. Rewrite the sentences into Passive Voice:



1) John wrote this manual. (Past Simple)

2) Imust check the installation process.

3) Do people make computers ofsteel?

4) They dont open all programmes at once.

5) Our company doesnt use this browser.

6) We turn on cameras for video conferences.

7) He didnt change the battery. (Past Simple)

8) Do you upgrade it every week?

9) She shouldnt mute him during meetings.

10) Ibuy anew phone once intwo years.



9.Choose the correct grammar form (active or passive):

a. Simon chooses/is chosen anew motherboard.

b. The CPU cools/is cooled byafan.

c. People usually use/are used the RAM tostore data.

d. Special cases can protect/can be protected the internal components.

e. He invited/was invited tothe teambuilding event byus.

f. Do you need toprint/need tobe printed images?

g. The power supply provides/is provided power toall ofthe computer components.

h. No, the hard drive doesnt use/isnt used toremove data. It stores/is storedit!

i. Cache should delete/should be deleted from time totime.



10.Match the following abbreviations with their meanings:








11. Suggest the appropriate types ofcomputers for these people. Explain your choice and try touse Passive Voice constructions:



Example: Ithink that this laptop is suitable for afilm lover because the laptop is connected with the TV, so its more comfortable towatch movies with the use ofthe bigger screen. Also, this laptop can be taken toany public places and transport due toits compact size. For watching films there is everything that is needed: display, keyboard, touchpad and acable toconnect the laptop totheTV.








Systems administrator

Designer

Student

Professional gamer/streamer








12.Study the information about the computer and describe it using the following questions:








What is the memory size ofthe computer?

How fast is theCPU?

What is the capacity ofthe hard drive andSSD?

Which operation system does ituse?

What multimedia features does it have?

What can this computer be used for?Why?



Now you know:

components ofcomputer hardware;

how touse Passive Voice.



Vocabulary:









Unit 3. Network hardware


1.Divide the following advantages and disadvantages ofnetwork hardware and express your opinion about each point:



1. Requires electricity tofunction, which can be unreliable insome places.

2. Helps you connect tothe Internet and sharedata

3. Provides access toalot ofinformation and resources

4. May require technical expertise totroubleshoot problems

5. Makes it possible for multiple devices towork together

6. Allows you towork from home or other remote locations

7. Can slow down if there are too many users

8. Can make your work faster and more efficient

9. Can be expensive toset up and maintain

10. Needs tobe protected from hackers and viruses



Advantages:______________________________________________

Disadvantages:___________________________________________



Phrases toexpress your opinion:

Inmy opinion

As Iseeit

Personally Ithink that

My point ofview is that



2.Read the text and put the missing words:








Inthis article we are going tohave alook at the main 1.______. They are crucial toknow for systems administrators:

2.______. It is designed toorganize aWI-Fi network and connect tothe Internet (from LAN toWAN). Having one Internet connection point (one cable) you can connect alarge number ofdevices. Try todifferentiate this device and aWI-FI adapter. AWi-Fi adapter is small and it connects acomputer toaWI-FI network. A______, inthis case, is amore complex device that not only receives and transmits data, but also manages the network.

3.______. It is designed toconnect several elements ofcomputer equipment into one network. Adevice ofthis type has asimplier structure than arouter. When devices are connected tothe same network, the ______ compiles aswitching table into which it writes the port number and MAC address ofeach network element. This ensures that data is transmitted strictly from one user toanother. They differ only inthe number ofinput ports and bandwidth. Some ofthem can be equipped with wireless communication modules.

4.______. This device usually has one port for connecting an external cable (for incoming traffic). The point works inseveral modes:

a.5.______ the point accepts external connections tocombine them into one wireless network through aWi-Fi adapter.

b.6.______ the point works tounite physically remote LAN networks into one network toavoid unnecessary data transfers if the receiving device is not there.

c.7.______ the point acts as atransceiver or repeater. Aweak signal that comes from another similar point is received, amplified and transmitted further tothe addressee.

8.______. Cables provide signal transmission toconnect different devices on anetwork.

9.______. NIC are usually built into amotherboard (or can be added externally) toprovide information transfer between network computers.

10.______. This hardware or software device prevent attacks ofhackers byblocking unauthorized connections made toacomputer orLAN.



3.Look at the scheme and write the names ofnetwork hardware inthe gaps:








4. Match the words from the text with their definitions:








5. Complete the sentences with the words from ex.4:








1.You can _____ network-manager package on Ubuntu easily with several commands.

2.On Windows OS you need anetwork adapter toconnect tothe Internet through a_____ or wireless _____.

3.HTTP is the protocol used toindicate how _____ are not only defined, but also _____.

4.Remember toswitch the _____ on when you go on vacations.

5.Use these options to_____ and disable optional codecs.

6.The ability toguarantee the functional correctness ofdigital integrated circuits is the main task inthe production of_____ and _____ systems.

7.Antivirus can _____ the installation ofsome applications.

8._____ headphones are connected via Bluetooth.



6.Put the phrases from the dialogue into correct order and answer the questions:



Beginning ofthe dialogue:

Hello, Ihave aproblem with my WI-FI router.

Good afternoon, could you please describe your problem indetails?



1)-Yes, Iswitched it off, unplugged all cables and then plugged inand turned on. It didnt help.

Ok. Lets check your cables first and if it still doesnt work, we will check all necessary settings: one cable, which should be connected toyour computer, must be inLAN connector, the other one from our provider inWAN.

2) -Yes, please, today Itried toconnect my router tothe Internet but it is written without Internet access.

Have you already rebootedit?

3) -No, Iappreciate your help,bye!

Have anice day, goodbye.

4) -It works! Thank you so much!

Not at all, is there anything else Ican help you with?

5) -Let me check it Oh, does this WAN connector has awhite colour?

No, its agrey one, on the right side.

6) -How can Icheck the speed ofthe Internet?

Open your browser, type speed test and click on the first website. Then press start and you will see your speed.

7) -One moment please Yes, now everything is correct.

Ok. Turn on your router once again and tell me if the connection appears ornot.

8) -Ok, Ill do it. Thanks!

May Iassist you with anything further?



What was the problem?

How was it solved?

Have you ever had any problems with the Internet access inyour company? What did youdo?



7.Look at the pictures and match them with the types ofnetwork:

WAN

LANPAN

MAN








8.Answer the questions:



What do LAN/WAN/MAN/PAN mean?

What are the differences between LAN andWAN?

What are the advantages and disadvantages ofusingWAN?

Can you characterizePAN?



9.Look at the statements from the dialogue and complete the rules:

a) Turn on your router once again and tell me if the connection appears ornot.

b) Open your browser, type speed test and click on the first website.

c) Then press start and you will see your speed.



Imperative ( ):



We use the imperative to1.______.

Inpositive sentence we write 2._____ form ofthe verb.

Innegative sentence we write 3._____ before the verb.

1.a. make an offer

b. talk about abilities

c. give instructions and orders



2.a.base

b.-ing

c. second



3.a. doesnt

b. dont

c. didnt



10.Complete the instruction opening the brackets:



How toupgrade Ubuntu to23.04

_____ (toopen) the Terminal application.

_____ (tofetch) update software list byrunning the sudo apt-get update command

_____ (totype) inthe command sudo apt dist-upgrade and _____ (topress) enter

_____ (toinstall) update-manager-core package.

Then _____ (toupgrade) distro and _____ (torun) the command sudo do-release-upgrade until you get Ubuntu 23.04version

_____ (not toswitch off) your computer while updating.

_____ (not toclick) on anything while updating.

Once the update is complete, _____ (toreboot) your computer tofinish the process.



11.Write an instruction on how toupgrade Microsoft OS using the words below:

_________________________________________________________________

Useful words:

toswitch on/switch off = toturn on/turn off /

toback up   

totype in 

topress  ()

toclick on 

toreboot 

tohead into 

toinstall 



Now you know:

different types ofnetwork;

how toexpress your opinion;

how togive instructions.



Vocabulary:









Unit 4. Servers


1.Look at the word below and complete the scheme with the information that you know:








2. Discuss the questions:



1) How important are severs tocompanies?

2) What kind ofdata do servers store?

3) Can you name any characteristics that aserver might have?

4) What security measures do you think acompany need totake when dealing with servers?

5) What problems may occur if aserver doesnt work correctly?



3.Read the dialogue and put the words inbrackets into correct order:



Kathrine office worker

Jack system administrator



K.: Hi, Jack. 1._____ (you/sorry/bother/to), but Leon said that only you could help me. 2._____ (5minutes/I/may/ofyour time/you/ask/for)?

J.:Ok.

K.: Thanks! 3._____ (you/I/ ask/wanted to/about) servers were using at work.

J: Well, we have one physical server on-premise and also we use OpenStack VMs for some applications.

K.: 4._____ (I/wondering/was/if you/me/could/to/help) explain the difference between aphysical server and an OpenStackVM.

J.: Sure. Aphysical server is asort ofhardware that can be touched and seen, you know. It processes data, RAM and disk space. Moreover, this server hosts virtual machines. Inour company all VMs were created byOpenStack software. Such virtual machines we call instances.

K.: Thats interesting. 5._____ (understand/If/correctly/I), we can create alot ofinstances with the use ofOpenStack torun various applications?

J.: Exactly. Furthermore, each instance can be allocated its own resources like CPU, memory, and storage. We can even assign them tospecific VLANs.

K.: Pardon? 6._____ (I/catch/didnt) what VLANsare.

J.: AVLAN is aVirtual Local Area Network. Its used toseparate networks or network segments logically without needing two physical networks. This helps inefficient utilization ofresources within an organizations network infrastructure. So, its like having different groups oflogical switches so we can control LAN traffic depending upon users or applications you wish toprovide connectivityto.

K.: Isee. You also mentioned RAM. How can it affect servers performance?

J.: The amount ofRAM will determine how many programs you can run simultaneously and how fast it could be. If there isnt enough RAM, the system will slow down or crash because it doesnt have enough available memory tohandle all the requests.

K.: 7._____ (got/I/it). And what about security?

J.: Dont worry. We use firewalls, encryption methods, antivirus software, and regular maintenance updates tokeep our servers secure.

K.: 8._____ (now,/Thats/you/clear/thanks). Ihave one more question: how do we ensure that our server is always operating efficiently?

J.: Its easy. We monitor its performance regularly, analyse usage patterns, and make adjustments which are needed tooptimise its speed and reliability.

K. All right. 9._____ (Thanks/all this/ for explaining).

J.: No problem. Seeyou!



4.Read the text once again and answer the questions:



What information does Kate want toknow?

What is the difference between aphysical server and an OpenStackVM?

How does RAM affect server performance?

What other security measures can be used toprotect servers?



5.Write the missing letters tocomplete the words:



server _n-pr_m_se aphysical server which is located incompanys building or data center.

appl_ca_ion aprogram which performs exact functions for users.

to_o_t tobe somewhere e.g., incloud

vir_ual ma_h_ne aresource that uses software instead ofaphysical computer torun programs and deploy apps.

In_t_n_e another name for VM used for clouds

to_ll_cate todivide

_L_N anetwork that groups together devices that share aphysical LAN, isolating the traffic for each group.

ut_l_za_ion using something

network infrastructure aset ofhardware and software tomaintain anetwork.

to_ff_ct toinfluence on something

p_rfo_m_nce how well something works

toslo_ do_n tomove slower

to_rash tofall, tobreak

toh_n_le todeal with something

r_q_est amessage with thetask

_ncr_pt_on achanging ofdata into asecret code toprotect an information from stealing

m_inten_nc_ upd_te anew release ofsoftware without new functions for fixingbugs

tomon_tor tocheck

toanal_se tostudy indetail

adjus_me_t asmall change

toopt_mise tomake something better



6.Complete the situations with the words from the ex.5:



affect monitor VM slow down network infrastructure allocate application server on-premise host optimise



1.Stanley: Can you please create anew ______ for testing?

Dave: Ok, but firstly Ineed toknow if we ______ enough resources todoit.

2.Jenny: Do we need toinstall the ______?

David: Why not? Its more secure that way.

3.Ann: Does the new software ______ the current system?

Oliver: Yes, it does. We need totest it before implementing.

4. Elena: What ______ did you install yesterday?

Martha: Spotify. Ifinally decided totryit.

5.Nora: Can anetwork infrastructure ______ over time?

Nikita: Yes, if its not maintained properly.

6.Noah: How can we ______ the network speed?

Ivan: We can try allocating more bandwidth tothe critical applications.

7. Rob: We need tofind aplace to______ our website.

Brian: Iheard Bluehost is agood option.

8.Lucas: We need to______ the ______ closely.

Dan: Yes, any issues can affect all the connected devices.



7.Read the text from the ex.3 once again and complete the table with the phrases from the text and the additional section:








Additional phrases:

a. Thats clear, thankyou.

b. Iappreciate your explanation.

c. Ineed some assistance, please.

d. Could you please clarify?

e. Ithink we are not on the same page.

f. Could you do me afavor?

g. Im terribly sorrybut



8.Fill inthe gaps with the missing phrases from ex.7:



Alex systems engineer

Sergei service team manager



Sergei: Good morning, _______? (apology)

Alex: Hello,yes.

Sergei: I_____ (ask for help) invite you toan unplanned meeting in10minutes time, because you will be engaged inone more project.

Alex: ______ (apology). Idont have any time for it today.

Sergei: Why? Were going todiscuss an important issue about working at the weekend.

Alex: But today is Monday. You can reschedule the meeting for Thursday or Friday, for instance.

Sergei: ______ (clarification)

Alex: _____ (apology) Ineed tofinish the configuration of10servers infew hours time. So Icant participate inameeting.

Sergei: _____ (misunderstanding). You can do it right after our call.

Alex: No, its my high priority task for now. If Ido something wrong, that can lead tocrash, or dont meet adeadline, there will be problems with the client. Are you ready totake these risks?

Sergei: No, Isuppose. _____ (appreciation for explanations), so take your time. Maybe Ill transfer our meeting for tomorrow because this new project is connected with our new customer and we need tostart it as soon as possible.

Alex: Ok, _____ (understanding).

Sergei: Inthis case Im looking forward toseeing you tomorrow.

Alex: Deal withit.



9.Read the sentences and choose the functions ofgrammar tenses inthem:








10. Study the rules:



Future Simple and be goingto








We use Future Simple:

totalk about predictions based on our opinion (Ithink it will be better toupgrade it as soon as possible.);

tomake spontaneous decisions (Ok, we will try tocall them.);

tomake promises (Iwill do everything toprevent aserver crash.).



We use be goingto:

totalk about our plans (Iam going todo 3tasks today);

totalk about predictions based on facts (We noticed some problems with VMs resources, so we are going tooptimize it.).



11.Put the verbs into the correct future grammar forms:



1. (our company optimise) the website as we planned?

2. The overall operation ofservices reduces the Internet speed, so we _ (expand) the Internet channels.

3. Ithink we _ (monitor) the progress ofthe project closely.

4. Tomorrow, I_ (have ameeting) with my boss todiscuss myKPI.

5. The CEO _ (not allocate) additional money for IT department.

6. Ok, so I_ (analyse) the data and present my findings at the meeting.

7. What _ (you do) if the server crashes?

8. I(not have) any days-off, because Ineed tofinish my project.



12.Complete the sentences with Future Simple and be goingto:



a. Maybe I_____ (do) this task tomorrow.

b. _____ (you conduct) regular checks this week?

c. Ithink that she _____ (not help) you withit.

d. I_____ (collaborate) with the support team on Friday.

e. Ok, I_____ (try) tofix this issue.

f. They _____ (implement) security measures, but Im not sure.

j. _____ (Mike set up) firewall tomorrow morning?



13.Look at the diary and complete the text about Chang:



07/07/2023

08:00 wake up (maybe)

08:50 check emails

09:30 upgrade servers

12:45 be praised bythe team lead (Ithink)

13:00 have lunch inan office or inacafe?

14:00 work with the developmentteam

17:00 take part inadaily meeting

17:55 dont take an umbrella (according toaweather podcast)

18:00 go home or go tothegym?



Chang _____ wake up at 8oclock. Chang _____ check emails at 8:50. Chang _____ upgrade servers at 9:30. Chang _____ be praised bythe team lead after it. Chang _____ have lunch inan office or inacafe. At 2p.m.Chang and the development team _____ work together. Then he _____ take part inadaily meeting. At 5:55p.m. he _____ take an umbrella. After work he _____ go home or tothegym.



14.Look at the situation below and make up your own dialogue. Dont forget touse words and phrases from ex.7:



Today is 15.05. Max, chief technology officer (CTO), wants togive you atask tomigrate services from on-premise server (on-prem.) into the cloud server with saving all data. Deadline 17.05. You understand that you will not have enough time for it. You need tomake aplan on what you are going todo and talk toCTO toprove that you need tohave more time.



Now you know:

how totalk about future plans and predictions;

words connected with servers;

how toapologize, ask for help and clarification, express your understanding and misunderstanding, appreciate for explanations.

		Vocabulary:









Unit 5. Software


1.Look at the picture and answer the questions:








1) Which software do you see inthe picture?

2) What types ofsoftware do you know?

3) Name software that you use everyday.

4) Make up aTop-10list ofsoftware that is essential at your work. Explainwhy.



2.Read the statements and say if you agree or disagree with them:



Branko: Software makes my life easier because alot ofthings are done automatically.

Eden: Software can be risky! Ive heard stories ofhackers stealing personal information through applications.

Sofya: Ihate everything that is connected with software. Due toit, people became lazier and they rely only on software.








3.Read the post and tick the ideas which are mentioned:



Greg

Every system administrator needs tohave special software toclose tasks faster. Today theres an enormous quantity ofsuch software and each company uses its own programs. Idecided towrite my personal list ofmust-have tools for better understanding ofwhat you need todo at work.

Tobegin with, Id like tostart with Helpdesk service for organising support activities for their customers. Tohave access tothis software you (or your company) must be their client. Inthis case, if you have some basic questions but youre short oftime, you can write them inHelpDesk toreceive an answer tohelp you with resolving an issue.

Secondly, one ofthe most popular open-sources is Ansible. It is used for configuration and is based on Python language. Its very simple inusing. Moreover, if you have alack ofknowledge ofprogram languages, itll be easier for you towrite acode init than using some other software e.g. inSaltstack. Also, you can use it for aconfiguration ofdifferent types ofsystems and an integration with such tools as Kubernetes, Terraform, and Jenkins.

Next one inmy list is Zabbix. Its anice tool for monitoring systems. Zabbix is quite complicated but at the same time flexible enough. For example, you can customize your own sensors for monitoring with the help ofthis software. But Istrongly recommend you toread manuals before utilisingit.

Fourthly, if you need asimple tool tomanage all corporate devices, you can download cloud-based solution called Microsoft Intune. Especially Microsoft Intune comes inhandy if you have asubscription inMicrosoft Azure. It provides easy control and installation ofupdates.

Then, one ofthe tasks ofsysadmins is an organisation ofasecure space for keeping passwords. For this purpose, Ilike using KeePass. It generates passwords and temporary links for having an access tothe passwords. Thus, it keeps passwords insafety.

Another important tool is Acronis. This software is vital tohave secure operation systems backups. This one is more expensive than some ofits analogues but its quite easy toconfigure and use it. Also, you can integrate it indifferent systems.

Finally, one ofthe best tools for remote connectivity inmy opinion Teamviewer. You can assist and control any kind ofworking process remotely from your device with this program.

Ihope this information will be useful for creating your necessary toolkit for leveraging automation and optimizing your workload.



Greg mentioned softwarefor:








4.Read the text once again and complete the summary:



There are ____ important software tools for asystem administrator inGregs list:________. System administrators need them to______close tasks faster. But each company uses ______because____.



5. Match the explanations with the words:








6. Choose the suitable words tocomplete the sentences:



1.How can we ______ this issue as soon as possible?

a. integrate b. monitor c. resolve

2.We dont _____ tothe Internet because ofrepair works.

a. have an access b. give an access c. take an access

3.Ill ______ you infinding agood software for international calls.

a. assist b. leverage c. configure

4.Our department use some ______ software tocreate the website.

a. pay-source b. open-source c. close-source

5.You can _____ your phone bychanging the theme and the size ofshrifts.

a. resolve b. assist c. customize

6.We can _______ our resources tomeet the deadline.

a. have an access b. leverage c. come inhandy

7.Ialways ______ all important files.

a. backup b. configure c. customize

8.This is auseful ______ for managing tasks.

a. lacks b. open-source c.tool

9.Iprefer reading ______ before using new programs.

a. issues b. manuals c. backups



7.Answer the questions:



Which software do you know for generating passwords?

How do you usually backup important data?

How can software assist users?

What challenges have you faced due tolack ofresources when working with software?



8.Read the sentences from the text and complete the table:



Every system administrator needs tohave special software toclose tasks faster.

Itll be easier foryou

This one is more expensive than some ofits analogues.

One ofthe most popular open-sources is Ansible.

Idecided towrite my personal list ofmust-have tools for better understanding

Finally, one ofthe best tools for remote connectivity inmy opinion Teamviewer.








9.Study the rules:



Degrees ofcomparison








Pay attention:

If ashort adjective ends with -y ? we change y into i: happy happier the happiest

If ashort adjective has consonant-vowel-consonant (--), we need todouble one consonant: big bigger the biggest

Irregular adjectives:

good better thebest

bad worse the worst

far farther (usually about distance) /further (usually about abstract things) the farthest/furthest



Note:

old elder the eldest (if we are talking about age: the eldest brother   )

old older the oldest (inthe meaning of: the oldest bag   )



10.Write the correct comparative and superlative forms:



late -> _____-> _____

complicating -> _____-> _____

good -> _____-> _____

near -> _____-> _____

old -> _____-> _____

exciting -> _____-> _____

bad -> _____-> _____

comfortable -> _____-> _____

hot -> _____-> _____

far -> _____-> _____

dirty -> _____-> _____

patient -> _____-> _____



11.Open the brackets with the correct form ofadjective:



SaltStack and Ansible are nice tools for automating IT infrastructure. Before making achoice between them, its important toconsider your specific needs and choose the tool that will be the ____ (good) for meeting these needs.

SaltStack is _____ (powerful) tool than Ansible, because it allows you tomanage complex infrastructure. One ofthe _____ (big) advantages ofSaltStack is its speed. SaltStack uses amaster-slave architecture, which means that changes can be made quickly. Thus, with this software your infrastructure will remain secure. Another advantage ofSaltStack is its scalability. SaltStack can easily manage thousands ofservers, making it ideal for large-scale deployments.

Incomparison with Saltstack, Ansible is ___ (simple) and ____ (easy) touse for small or medium-sized deployments. Ansible uses apush-based architecture, which means that changes are made on the client-side. This makes Ansible _____ (lightweight) than SaltStack. Another advantage ofAnsible is its simplicity, so beginners and non-coders dont have any problems while usingit.

So, which one is _____ (good)? If you need tomanage alarge-scale deployment with complex infrastructure, then Ansible is a____ (bad) choice than Saltstack. For that purpose, you should use Saltstack. If you have a____ (small) deployment and want atool that is easy touse and set up, then Ansible is _____ (suitable) foryou.



12.Look at the information, compare the tools and choose the best one inyour opinion:



Wireshark:

Pricefree

Complexity complex

Flexibility very flexible

Monitoring designed for packet capture and analysis, not for real-time

Features packet analysis, real-time monitoring, historical data analysis, troubleshooting tools



SolarWinds Network Performance Monitor:

Price commercial

Complexity easy touse for basic monitoring

Flexibility flexible

Monitoring real-time and historical network performance

Features real-time monitoring, historical data analysis, troubleshooting tools, traffic shaping, QoS monitoring, andmore



13.Read the situation and do the task:



Your colleague Helen is an HR manager. She needs tochoose anew program for making notes during job interviews instead ofNotepad. Helen decided toask you for help. You need torecommend her the other tool with the same function. Dont forget touse comparative forms ofadjectives.

If you dont have any ideas, you can use the following information about OneNote: OneNote is compatible with Windows OS, IOS, and Android. There are some drawing tools, voice notes, and image embedding. Also, you can share your notes with others.



Helen: Hi, how areyou?

Your line:___________

Helen: Well, Im trying todecide which software Iwant touse for note-taking.

Your line:___________

Helen: Ive been using Notepad recently, but sometimes its so irritating for me. Can you please recommend any other options?

Your line:___________

Helen: Do you think this one is harder touse?

Your line:___________

Helen: Can Ialso edit init my text? For example, use different shrifts and colours?

Your line:___________

Helen: What about voice notes or drawing?

Your line:___________

Helen: And is it compatible with other OS? Or is it only for Windows?

Your line:___________

Helen: Thanks alot! Ithink Ill try that one and see how it goes.

Your line:___________



Now you know:

how totalk about software inEnglish;

how tocompare things with the use ofadjectives;

how toagree, disagree and express your doubts.



Vocabulary:









Unit 6. Operating systems


1.Look at the picture and discuss the questions:








What is an operating system?

Can you name any types ofOS?

How can you installOS?

Why do you need toupdateOS?



2.Read the letter and answer the questions:



To: Sam Barewell

Subject: Installation ofnew version ofWindows



DearSam,



Iam writing toask for your support with my computers operating system. Iencountered some issues with my current OS yesterday. Can you please guide me and give instructions on how todownload and install the latest version ofWindows? Additionally, Iwould appreciate if you could advise me on how tofix any bugs that may arise during the installation process.



Thank you for your time and assistance inadvance.



Sincerely,

JakobLeen

		What is the purpose ofJakobs letter?
		Why does he want toupgradeOS?

		3. Divide the phrases for official emails:








		a. Iam writing toyouto
		b. Best regards,
		c. Thank you inadvance.
		d. Dear,
		e. Let me knowif
		f. Iwould appreciate if you could
		g. Sincerely,

4.Read the reply from Jakob and complete the structure ofthe email:

		a. greeting
		b. sender
		c. emailbody
		d. email ending
		e. recipient
		f. email sign-off
		g. subject

1) To: JakobLeen

2) Re: Installation ofnew version ofWindows



3)Dear Jakob,



4) Iam writing inreply toyour email. If you want toinstall the latest version, you need tomake sure that you have enough space on your hard drive. Please, pay attention that you must backup all your important files and documents before you begin. Other unimportant data you dont have tobackup.

Once youve done it, you can start the installation process. Firstly, insert the installation disk or USB drive into your computer and restart it. Your computer should boot from the installation media automatically. If it doesnt boot, you will need tochange the boot order inyour BIOS settings.

Follow the on-screen instructions tocomplete the installation process. Youll be prompted toenter your product key, select your language and time zone, and choose which version ofWindows you want toinstall.

If there are any bugs with your applications after installing anew version, you can try running the built-in troubleshooter tool or updating your drivers. You may also check for updates toWindows itself bygoing toSettings, then click on Update & Security and choose Windows Update.

5) Let me know if youre still experiencing problems.



6)Best regards,

7)Sam



5.Read the reply once again and complete the notes:



The email is about how to______. Before Jakob starts the installation process, he needs to______. Tostart an installation process Jakob can ______. If there are any problems, Jakob can try ______.



6. Choose the meaning ofthe words inbold:



1) The command PROMPT allows users toexecute different commands inWindows.

a. asymbol toperform the next command

b. asymbol todownload software



2)Ialways TROUBLESHOOT new software before putting it inproduction.

a. tofind and solve problems with asystem or device

b. tocause problems



3)Theres aBUG inthe code. You need tofix it immediately.

a. aprogrammingtool

b. an error inaprogram



4)She notices astrange sound while BOOTing her laptop.

a. toturn on acomputer byloadingOS

b. toturn off acomputer byloadingOS



5)He had an access tothe BIOS settings bypressingF2.

a. basic input operating system

b. basic input-output system



6)Please, INSERT your USB drive here.

a. togive something

b. toput somethinginto



7.Answer the questions:



Why do you need totroubleshooting new software?

What bugs can occur while installing software?



8.Read the sentences from the email and complete the rules:



a. You NEED TOmake sure that you have enough space on your hard drive.

b. You MUST backup all your important files and documents

c. You CAN start the installation process.

d. Your computer SHOULD boot from the installation media automatically.

e. You MAY also check for updates toWindows itself.

f. Other unimportant data you DONT HAVE TObackup.



We use ___ toexpress advice.

There is one more verb for strong recommendations, rules or something that you decided todo___.

The verb ___ expresses necessity. After this verb we useto.

___ is used totalk about our abilities.

If were not sure insomething, we use ___ or might. These verbs have almost the same meaning, but ___ is used for asking permissions and also it usually means likely tohappen. Might means unlikely tohappen.

If there is the lack ofnecessity, use _____. Pay attention that _____ inpositive statements means that someone told you todo something.



9.Study the rules:



Modal verbs








Pay attention: innegative sentences and questions before need to and have to we use do or does.



10. Choose the correct functions ofthe verbs inbold:



a. Can you please help me? (ask for apermission/obligation)

b. Ican speak Japanese. (possibility/ability)

c. He needs totalk toher right now. (advice/necessity)

d. They might be at the meeting. (possibility/obligation)

e. You shouldnt be worried. (lack ofnecessity/advice)

f. Ihave togo tothe office. My manager told me tocome. (obligation/lack ofnecessity)



11.Cross out the incorrect modal verb:



1. When there is aproblem, you must/shouldnt troubleshootit.

2. The computer must/may boot slowly if there are too many programs running.

3. You cant/shouldnt insert the USB drive until the computer has finished shutting down.

4. Do Ineed to/can do this task today?

5. This software cant/mustnt integrate with that operating system.

6. Before printing, you dont need to/should generate aPDF file.

7. You mustnt/may not maintain the equipment without proper training.

8. You may/need toconfigure the settings toyour liking.

9. Ineed to/can backup my files before upgrades.

10. Must/May Iask aquestion?

11. She has to/must do her homework. Her teacher told her todoit.



12.Rewrite the sentences with modal verbs:



a. Iknow how toupgrade Ubuntu. (can)

b. Mary isnt sure if he is at work or not. (might)

c. We are obliged towear auniform. (haveto)

d. Max advises me toquit the job. (should)

e. Its dangerous toblock an emergency exit. (mustnt)

f. Its necessary for her totake some pills. (needto)

g. This ticket is agift for you. Its not necessary topay for it. (not haveto)

h. Its possible that Markus is still there. (may)



13.Complete the sentences with your own ideas:



a. Today Imust_____.

b. Ineed to______this week.

c. At my work we mustnt_______.

d. Idont have to_______ at work.

e. Ican________ but Icant_________.

f. If aworker has aproblem, he should________.

g. Imay______next month.



14.Read one more email from Jakob and write the reply using modal verbs. Mind the structure ofofficial emails:



To: Sam Barewell

Subject: System configuration



DearSam,



Iam contacting you for your professional assistance. During the last meeting with the IT department managers agreed toimprove system performance ofone ofthe servers. For that purpose, could you please identify which services are not used there and disable them? Iwould also appreciate if you could provide me some information about the date when itll be done and which steps you need todo.



Thank you inadvance.



Yours sincerely,

JakobLeen



Now you know:

useful words totalk about software;

how touse modal verbs;

how towrite official emails.



Vocabulary:









Unit 7. Hardware virtualization


1.Look at the news and answer the questions:








What is hardware virtualization?

How can it help companies?

What are the possible risks ofcloud hardware virtualization?

Do you think that hardware virtualization is an ideal computing environment ofthe future?Why?



2.Read the text and tick the topics which were mentioned:



Hardware virtualization is atechnology that allows the hardware elements tobe divided into multiple virtual machines. Sometimes hardware virtualization is executed on aparticular hardware platform byhost software. It requires ahypervisor which is used inorder tomaintain the virtual environment bycreating virtual versions ofhardware. Most common examples ofdesktop virtualization products are the following: Vmware, VirtualBox, and Parallels.




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